233:
98:
90:
31:
186:
244:. In some areas where there are populations of endangered birds, a programme of stoat-trapping has been implemented. The most common method of trapping is to use a stoat tunnel – a wooden box with a small entrance at one end to allow the stoat to enter. The bait is often an egg and a trap is placed in the tunnel to kill the stoat. Recent trials of a new design of self-resetting stoat traps for remote areas have been encouraging.
247:"Mainland Islands", protected areas on the mainland of New Zealand that employ intensive control of introduced pests, have stoat trapping on their perimeter. Predator-proof fences, using fine wire-mesh netting, are used to keep stoats out of protected areas. Methods of restricting stoat breeding have also been investigated.
177:
New
Zealand has a high proportion of ground-nesting and flightless birds, due to its long geographical isolation and a lack of mammal predators. Native birds have evolved to fill niches that are occupied by mammals in most other places. Stoats are the greatest threat to these ground-nesting and
168:
had managed to remove three. It seems unlikely that a stoat could cross the five-kilometre stretch of open sea from the Kapiti Coast but they are accomplished swimmers: in an experiment in a flume tank, a stoat paddled against a moderate current for two hours without stopping, the equivalent of
215:
species) produce a far greater amount of seed than normal, the stoat population undergoes changes in predation behaviour. With high beech-seed numbers, rats and mice become more plentiful, and the increase in prey encourages stoat breeding. The higher stoat numbers reduce the
152:
islands in the early 2000s, and scientists assumed that they would be unable to cross a 300 m water barrier, but stoats turned out to be able to reinvade: DNA testing confirmed that stoats regularly swim towards islands in summer, especially in
113:
The rabbit was introduced by
European settlers as a food and game animal, and by the 1870s it was becoming a serious threat to the newly developed farming economy. Farmers began demanding the introduction of
224:
dropped by a third between 2006 and 2007, after a stoat plague triggered by the 2005–2006 mast wiped out more than half the takahē in areas where stoat numbers were not limited by trapping.
255:
Although stoats were recognised as a potential pest before being introduced into New
Zealand, they were given protection as late as 1936. As a means of preventing a
522:
126:. The warnings were ignored and stoats began to be introduced from Britain in the 1880s. Within six years, drastic declines in bird populations were noticed.
654:
695:
118:(including stoats) to control the rabbit plague. Warnings about the dangers to bird life from stoats were given by scientists in New Zealand and
690:
589:
646:
165:
130:
397:
668:
17:
526:
506:
327:
66:, but is now a major threat to the native bird population. The natural range of the stoat is limited to parts of the
642:
700:
547:
705:
282:
141:
615:
160:
years, and prefer long coastlines. In
December 2010, a stoat was seen on what was thought to be the stoat-free
86:, the fur of stoats has been reported to turn white, being the fur known as ermine, which adorns royal robes.
302:
651:
422:
272:
190:
145:
494:
189:
Stoat caught in a trap as part of a predator control initiative at the White Heron
Sanctuary at the
220:
population and the stoats then prey on birds. For instance, the wild population of the endangered
232:
178:
hole-nesting birds, which have very limited means of escaping stoat predation. In some areas the
343:
83:
593:
674:
277:
137:
664:
8:
102:
97:
67:
51:
307:. Auckland: Heinemann. p. 171 – via New Zealand Electronic Text Collection.
502:
323:
256:
568:
89:
441:
446:
240:
Stoats are difficult to control since they are bait-shy, trap-wary, and have high
658:
374:
182:
population is now 70% male, from stoats attacking female ducks incubating eggs.
260:
119:
70:. Immediately before human settlement, New Zealand did not have any land-based
684:
161:
157:
123:
467:
185:
79:
55:
427:) in southern Fiordland during the decline phase of the beechmast cycle"
211:
82:
and
European settlers introduced a wide variety of animals. Rarely, in
136:
The translocation efforts of New
Zealand's pioneering conservationist
241:
179:
149:
115:
221:
194:
35:
30:
590:"'Natural born killers' bred in New Zealand for the first time"
423:"Age structure, dispersion and diet of a population of stoats (
217:
71:
59:
259:, there are now severe penalties for introducing stoats into
202:
154:
133:
was campaigning to end the protection of mustelids and cats.
43:
63:
420:
206:
75:
525:. New Zealand Department of Conservation. Archived from
344:"Waikato County: Monthly business: Stoats and weasels"
616:"New penalties for releasing pests in to sanctuaries"
209:. During "beech masts", when southern beech trees (
682:
501:. Wellington, NZ: Ministry for the Environment.
440:(3). The Royal Society of New Zealand: 205–225.
592:. Landcare Research. 2001-12-13. Archived from
398:"Stoat finds on Kapiti Island a threat to kiwi"
236:A dead stoat retrieved from a trap in Fiordland
421:Purdey, D. C.; C. M. King; B Lawrence (2004).
164:, and by August the next year the New Zealand
495:"Chapter Nine: The State of Our Biodiversity"
101:Stoat emerging from a bird nesting box, near
550:. Department of Conservation. 22 March 2017
499:The State of New Zealand's Environment 1997
201:In addition to birds, stoats eat insects,
122:, including the New Zealand ornithologist
108:
445:
322:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press.
571:. New Zealand Department of Conservation
468:"Stoats decimating takahe in Fiordland"
395:
372:
231:
184:
96:
88:
29:
669:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
14:
696:Invasive animal species in New Zealand
683:
613:
492:
357:– via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
300:
172:
677:", Otago Daily Times, 24 January 2022
368:
366:
364:
317:
38:in Belgium, within its natural range
373:Hansford, Dave (July–August 2018).
227:
24:
691:Nature conservation in New Zealand
25:
717:
636:
548:"Making Great Island great again"
361:
93:self-resetting rat and stoat trap
140:were undone when stoats swam to
607:
582:
561:
540:
283:Invasive species in New Zealand
515:
486:
460:
434:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
414:
389:
336:
311:
294:
250:
144:. Stoats were eradicated from
13:
1:
447:10.1080/03014223.2004.9518373
288:
614:Carter, Chris (2003-04-13).
396:Blundell, Kay (2011-08-27).
27:Introduced ecological threat
7:
273:Conservation in New Zealand
266:
191:Waitangiroto Nature Reserve
10:
722:
647:Department of Conservation
166:Department of Conservation
652:Ferret and Stoat Research
622:. New Zealand Government
701:Invasive mammal species
131:Acclimatisation Society
109:Introductions of stoats
706:Mammals of New Zealand
497:. In Ian Smith (ed.).
493:Taylor, Rowan (1997).
379:New Zealand Geographic
318:King, Carolyn (1984).
237:
198:
169:swimming 1.8 km.
105:
94:
58:to control introduced
39:
301:Druett, Joan (1983).
235:
188:
129:By 1930 the Auckland
100:
92:
33:
18:Stoats in New Zealand
661:at Landcare Research
278:Birds of New Zealand
257:loss of biodiversity
173:Threat to bird life
68:Northern Hemisphere
657:2011-06-14 at the
569:"Mainland islands"
529:on 30 January 2016
350:. 10 December 1930
238:
199:
106:
95:
40:
402:The Dominion Post
320:Immigrant Killers
142:Resolution Island
16:(Redirected from
713:
631:
630:
628:
627:
611:
605:
604:
602:
601:
586:
580:
579:
577:
576:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
519:
513:
512:
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
464:
458:
457:
455:
454:
449:
431:
418:
412:
411:
409:
408:
393:
387:
386:
375:"The first test"
370:
359:
358:
356:
355:
340:
334:
333:
315:
309:
308:
304:Exotic Intruders
298:
228:Control measures
21:
721:
720:
716:
715:
714:
712:
711:
710:
681:
680:
675:Death unleashed
665:Stoats and cats
659:Wayback Machine
639:
634:
625:
623:
620:beehive.govt.nz
612:
608:
599:
597:
588:
587:
583:
574:
572:
567:
566:
562:
553:
551:
546:
545:
541:
532:
530:
521:
520:
516:
509:
491:
487:
477:
475:
466:
465:
461:
452:
450:
429:
425:Mustela erminea
419:
415:
406:
404:
394:
390:
371:
362:
353:
351:
342:
341:
337:
330:
316:
312:
299:
295:
291:
269:
261:protected areas
253:
230:
175:
111:
48:Mustela erminea
34:A stoat in the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
719:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
679:
678:
671:
662:
649:
638:
637:External links
635:
633:
632:
606:
581:
560:
539:
514:
507:
485:
474:. 4 March 2008
459:
413:
388:
360:
335:
328:
310:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
268:
265:
252:
249:
229:
226:
174:
171:
110:
107:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
718:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
686:
676:
672:
670:
666:
663:
660:
656:
653:
650:
648:
644:
641:
640:
621:
617:
610:
596:on 2012-04-18
595:
591:
585:
570:
564:
549:
543:
528:
524:
518:
510:
508:0-478-09000-5
504:
500:
496:
489:
473:
469:
463:
448:
443:
439:
435:
428:
426:
417:
403:
399:
392:
384:
380:
376:
369:
367:
365:
349:
348:Waikato Times
345:
339:
331:
329:0-19-558121-0
325:
321:
314:
306:
305:
297:
293:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
264:
262:
258:
248:
245:
243:
234:
225:
223:
219:
214:
213:
208:
204:
196:
192:
187:
183:
181:
170:
167:
163:
162:Kapiti Island
159:
156:
151:
147:
146:Chalky Island
143:
139:
138:Richard Henry
134:
132:
127:
125:
124:Walter Buller
121:
117:
104:
99:
91:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
624:. Retrieved
619:
609:
598:. Retrieved
594:the original
584:
573:. Retrieved
563:
552:. Retrieved
542:
531:. Retrieved
527:the original
517:
498:
488:
476:. Retrieved
471:
462:
451:. Retrieved
437:
433:
424:
416:
405:. Retrieved
401:
391:
382:
378:
352:. Retrieved
347:
338:
319:
313:
303:
296:
254:
246:
239:
210:
200:
176:
135:
128:
112:
47:
41:
472:stuff.co.nz
251:Legislation
74:apart from
56:New Zealand
685:Categories
626:2016-01-22
600:2016-01-22
575:2016-01-22
554:2017-10-16
533:2016-01-22
453:2009-11-30
407:2011-08-27
354:2020-04-16
289:References
212:Nothofagus
148:and other
80:Polynesian
52:introduced
242:fecundity
150:Fiordland
116:mustelids
84:Southland
655:Archived
523:"Stoats"
478:23 April
385:: 74–91.
267:See also
195:Whataroa
36:Ardennes
645:at the
120:Britain
72:mammals
60:rabbits
643:Stoats
505:
326:
222:takahē
218:rodent
103:Raglan
78:, but
50:) was
430:(PDF)
155:beech
64:hares
54:into
44:stoat
503:ISBN
480:2011
324:ISBN
207:rats
205:and
203:mice
180:whio
158:mast
76:bats
62:and
42:The
667:at
442:doi
383:152
263:.
193:in
687::
618:.
470:.
438:31
436:.
432:.
400:.
381:.
377:.
363:^
346:.
673:"
629:.
603:.
578:.
557:.
536:.
511:.
482:.
456:.
444::
410:.
332:.
197:.
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
