S. O. Davies - Knowledge

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testimony was strongly challenged by the NUM, whose counsel Brian Gibbens QC said that "f Mr Davies is to be accepted as truthful and accurate in his recollection ... then he bears what must be one of the largest personal burdens of responsibility for the disaster". However, Gibbens found it incredible that a man in Davies's unique local position of authority and influence would not have mentioned his fears to any of the formal bodies—borough council, Coal Board, union or local Labour Party: "If anyone could have exercised influence to overcome an obdurate or ignorant monolith like the Coal Board, was well placed to do so." Gibbens submitted that Davies's testimony should be rejected, on the grounds that he "never appreciated what in fact was the import of his words". The tribunal concurred, accepting that Davies had not fully understood the gravity of his admission, and adding that had they been convinced otherwise, he could not have escaped censure. The tribunal's findings, published in July 1967, placed responsibility for the disaster firmly on the National Coal Board, specifically on the absence of any tipping policy.

857:, and became law in 1967. This was one of the few instances during this period in which Davies and the Labour government worked together. Following the Coal Board's refusal to meet the full cost of removing the remaining Aberfan tips, Wilson proposed that part of the required £750,000 be met by the disaster fund set up to help the people of Aberfan rebuild their community. Davies was outraged; he told Wilson: "I have never known a prime minister to behave so disgracefully in all my 34 years in the House of Commons". Subsequently, Davies opposed the 1969 decision of Merthyr Tydfil Council to award Wilson the freedom of the borough, stating that he would boycott the ceremony. 812: 861:

less parochial mindset. They were angered by what they perceived as Davies's disloyalty to the Wilson government, elected in 1964 after thirteen years of opposition, and his penchant for following his own agenda. There was also the question of his age; in 1970 he was supposedly 83, but rumours that he was older were widespread. By March 1970 the local party discussed replacing Davies as their candidate at the next general election, citing his age rather than policy disagreements. The National Executive of the party sanctioned this action, and at a special meeting on 10 May, which Davies declined to attend, he was formally

804:. Shortly after 9:00 am on Friday 21 October 1966 one of these tips collapsed, sending thousands of tons of semi-liquid waste hurtling towards Aberfan. The point of impact was Pantglas Junior School, where morning lessons were beginning. The school was half buried; inside, 109 children and 5 teachers were killed. A further 7 children and 23 adults lost their lives outside the school, in the streets or adjoining houses. In the immediate aftermath, Davies visited and consoled the bereaved families in Aberfan, and the following day he led a party which included the 638:, which included a large contingent from South Wales: "A bigger man would meet these people who have tramped the roads of this country and would show that he had sympathy with them". In 1938, having modified his earlier position, Davies supported a bill introduced by the Labour opposition for the nationalisation of the coal industry. Miners worked, he said, in intolerable conditions to ensure that cheap raw material was available to industry. Reasonable wages and working conditions would never be granted by private coal-owners. The bill was defeated. 296: 899:

particularly among the young—a great irony, Alun Morgan observes, for a man sacked on the grounds of his age. In the final week before polling day on 18 June Davies's youthful supporters toured the constituency with songs, slogans and cheerleaders in what Griffiths describes as "the most colourful election bandwaggon seen in Merthyr for 40 years". The official Labour campaign stalled, as Lloyd became embroiled in a row over his role in the failure of the AEU to support an unofficial strike at the local

51: 567:, increased unemployment benefit, better education, and international co-operation especially with Russia. He dismissed the ILP as having no function beyond the splitting of the Labour vote. With strong support from the local trade unions and helped by a well-organised campaign, Davies swept to an easy victory on 5 June. His 18,645 votes gave him a majority of 8,269 over his Liberal opponent, with his ILP and Communist challengers lagging far behind. 710:, he wrote: "Our movement embraces millions of men and women, and not merely a few hundred MPs and a few dozen ... members of the National Executive. I am habitually inclined to give our millions my first thoughts and consideration." Davies's popularity with the voters of Merthyr Tydfil remained constant; he secured 75 per cent or more of the vote in each of the general elections of 1955, 1959, 1964 and 1966. 762:. Davies claimed to have received thousands of messages of support for his measure, from all parts of Wales, but in the House he could only muster 14 votes in favour. Undeterred, he told MPs: "There is a movement in Wales, an uprising, as it were, that will not only support the bill but will continue to insist upon it until Wales is represented in the United Kingdom as something more than a mere region." 448:—Davies gained the seat by 100 votes. The main role of the agent was to represent miners in disputes with their employers; typically these would involve issues of pay, redundancy, working hours, and compensation for injuries. Davies's surviving day books reveal the extent to which he was concerned with cases where the mining companies denied liability for underground injuries. 917:'s Conservatives. Despite some ill-feeling, Davies was not ostracised by his erstwhile colleagues, and was unofficially briefed by the party. He limited his Commons appearances and rarely spoke in debates, generally preferring to serve his constituents from home. On the major national issue of the 1970–74 parliament—Heath's renewed bid for Britain's membership of the 697:

Soviet Union his unvarying and uncritical support. However, he was consistent in certain core areas, often in defiance of official Labour policy: unremitting hostility to US foreign policy, opposition to the party's post-war defence policies (specifically on issues concerning American bases in Britain, rearmament in West Germany, and development of the

488:, before capitulation on harsh terms in December. Dowlais was the last district to return to work. The period following 1926 saw much in-fighting between communist and non-communist factions in the coalfields. Davies and other non-communists found themselves accused of collaboration with "social fascism"; a leaflet issued by the communist-led 688:, it was hatred of capitalist militarism, rather than a wish to support the Soviet Union, that underlay Davies's stances. His popularity in South Wales was unaffected: he was returned to parliament in each postwar election with large majorities. In 1945–46 he served as Merthyr Tydfil's mayor, remaining on the local council until 1949. 932:

was held at Soar-Ynysgau chapel, Merthyr on 29 February, followed by burial at the Maes-Yr-Arian Cemetery at nearby Mountain Ash. Griffiths records: "It was indicative of breadth of vision that the ceremony attracted socialists, communists, Welsh nationalists, republicans, and many of no political creed at all". In the

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Many of the tributes paid to Davies after his death acknowledged his commitment to Merthyr and the mining communities of the Welsh valleys, for which he was an unfailing advocate. The mayor of Merthyr remarked that he was "an individualist who followed the teaching of 'Love thy neighbour as thyself'.

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On 22 February 1972, Davies attended parliament to vote against the government on an EEC-related motion. He returned to Merthyr suffering from a chest infection, took to his bed on 24 February, and the following day was transferred to Merthyr General Hospital where he died later that day. His funeral

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While many constituents supported Davies in his frequent attacks on government policies, the local Labour Party became increasingly concerned by his activities. By the late 1960s many of them were from a younger generation, with no experience of the shared hardships of the 1920s and 1930s, and with a

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We have no quarrel with any people or nation in this world ... We can feel no enmity against any other people or nation, whatever their colour, creed or religion ... The heart of our hospitable country goes out to those who are struggling against tyranny and against obstruction, because we

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During the last ten years we have seen collieries close down, we have seen great iron and steel works which have figured so magnificently in the iron and steel industry close down, and no concrete assistance has been forthcoming from the Government ... No step whatsoever has been taken to try to

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Despite his expulsion, in July 1970 the Labour-controlled Merthyr council offered Davies the freedom of the borough, an honour which he politely declined; the confidence of the people recently shown him was, he said, enough. He resumed his place in parliament, on the opposition benches as Labour had

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and loss of 144 lives, Davies controversially stated that he had long thought that the tip was unsafe. He had not reported his suspicions, for fear that an inquiry would cause the closures of local pits. Not long after his unexpected 1970 electoral triumph, Davies died early in 1972 aged at least 85

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Davies reacted to his deselection by announcing that the people of Merthyr, not the local Labour Party, would decide his future. If physically fit he would contest the next election as an Independent Socialist. Friends advised him not to risk humiliation; no deselected candidate in recent times had

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Davies found himself again at odds with his party, over the issue of Welsh self-government. He had championed this cause for many years, to the annoyance of Labour's Welsh Regional Council. In May 1954 he offered proposals for a Welsh parliament that were rejected by the Regional Council and by the

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Unlike the British communists, Davies did not change his position when the Soviet Union entered the war in June 1941. He continued to oppose all co-operation with the Conservatives, believing that only through socialism could a just and lasting peace be achieved. Victory in 1945, and the subsequent

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In the summer of 1919 Davies married Elizabeth Margaret ("Madge") Eley in Cardiff; the couple had three daughters. The years following the First World War saw economic decline and hardship in the South Wales coalfields, conditions which deepened Davies's radical instincts, and he began to acquire a

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factory. On polling day, amid scenes of jubilation, Davies was returned with a majority of 7,467 over Lloyd. Davies responded to his victory by thanking the voters whom he said he had never thought would let him down. Two weeks later Davies and his principal campaign workers were expelled from the

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In assessing Davies's political career the historian Alun Morgan notes certain inconsistencies: while calling for unity among leftist factions, Davies frequently rebelled against agreed Labour Party policies. He championed democracy, individual liberty and the rights of small nations, yet gave the

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on 21 June 1934. Breaking with the tradition that such speeches should be non-partisan, he delivered a fierce attack on the government's policy towards the mining industry. He had come, he said, from a coalfield that "has had very little help from the present government ... we see communities

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began in August 1914, he opposed it as capitalist militarism: "History teaches that war invariably brings in its wake a lower standard of morality, a restriction of the liberty of the masses, and a degradation of their social conditions". In 1917, Davies founded and was first chairman of the Burry

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Giving evidence to the tribunal, Davies said he had long suspected that the Aberfan tips were unstable, but had kept quiet for fear that if tipping was stopped on the mountainside the Coal Board would close the colliery. Davies added: "But if I had been asked to do so, I would have done it". His

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when she referred to Merthyr as having "no social consciousness or initiative to do anything". Davies replied: "I object to irresponsible and brutal charges coming from people whose knowledge is derived from the enjoyment of vast wealth, especially when I am not certain that they have made their

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The Revd Islwyn Jones, who conducted Davies's funeral service, said: "He had a great love for man, he believed with the Psalmist that 'The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof', and it was these words, sinking deep into his heart, which made him 'take up the cudgels for the common man'".

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government. He doubted the will of the British ruling classes to wage a determined war against fascism, and called for a workers' "Popular Front" of resistance to the dictators. After the outbreak of war in September 1939 Davies demanded from the British government "a more specific and detailed

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stated that the cause of the landslip was a previously unknown spring, which had been pouring water into the centre of the tip, creating a "water bomb". Local miners disagreed; they said that the spring's existence had been known when tipping began 20 years earlier. A tribunal was set up under

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on 9 August 1971, he challenged the government's claim that "our security has been bound up with our European neighbours for over a thousand years", pointing out Britain's involvement in numerous European wars, "including the Hitler war when British security meant co-operation with Russia".

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With no party organisation and only his own financial resources, Davies's campaign was initially very low-key. His election literature was a single sheet with the message "You Know Me, I've Never Let You Down". As polling day approached, however, it was clear that he was gathering support,

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came to power in Germany in 1933, Davies argued for unity around the Labour Party, believing that the ILP's increasingly left-wing stance, and the Communist Party's commitment to violent revolution, might create the conditions for fascism. In 1931 Davies was elected to

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The ILP had been one of the founding elements of the Labour Party. From the late 1920s the ILP's confrontational approach clashed increasingly with the Labour Party's more cautious constitutionalism, leading to the former's disaffiliation from Labour in 1932.

277:. His persistence in doing so brought him several suspensions from the party, and he was never offered ministerial office. An immensely popular figure locally, he was regularly returned at general elections with large majorities. In 1966, after the 602:

with a great industrial history dissolving and disintegrating". An uncompromising approach on any questions affecting Merthyr Tydfil, or the mining industry generally, became Davies's parliamentary hallmark. In December 1934 he rebuked the veteran

956:, silk scarf, black jacket and pin-striped trousers". Two close Merthyr friends who had followed him out of the Labour Party described him as " tall man who walked tall and never bowed to anyone, but treated everyone alike." His obituarist in 479:

In 1924 Davies was appointed SWMF's chief organiser and legal adviser, and was elected its vice-president. He also served as the South Wales representative on the executive committee of the MFGB from 1924 to 1934. During the May 1926

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I am still the member of Parliament. Let the people of Merthyr decide whether they want S. O. or not. I have been the member for 36 years and I've always made Merthyr my absolute priority. Party interests have been secondary

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submarine programme), and above all commitment to the needs and interests of his Merthyr constituents. His dedication to his own agenda brought him into frequent conflict with party managers, and led to withdrawals of the

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reputation for militancy. Contrary to mainstream Labour Party policy, Davies advocated workers' control rather than the nationalisation of the mining industry. In 1921, he unsuccessfully advocated affiliation of the

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Labour Party for opposing its official candidate. The national leadership refused his request for an official inquiry into the actions of the Merthyr party, in the selection process and during the election itself.

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Most records show Davies's birth date as November 1886, but he is widely thought to have been born at least four years earlier. After leaving school aged 12 and working for some years in local pits, Davies studied

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of October 1962. In 1961, at the request of the Labour Party leadership, Davies was one of 25 Labour MPs and party members investigated by the British security services as a possible Communist Party member. The

484:, the South Wales miners were among the most fervent in support of the action. When the national strike collapsed after nine days, Davies led the continued resistance from the Welsh coalfields through months of 4433: 306:

There is uncertainty about Davies's date of birth. Most sources say November 1886, though usually with the caveat that he might have been born several years earlier. His birthplace was 39 John Street,

4358: 650:, and thereafter opposed many of the coalition's domestic policies, such as indiscriminate internment of aliens, restrictions on industrial action, and the suppression of the communist newspaper the 769:

in October 1956, Davies was troubled, but refused to join in the general censure lest this give comfort to the enemies of socialism. He was to be equally silent during and after the events of the

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statement" of war aims, to allay "suspicions ... as to the real and possibly as yet unstated war aims of this country and of France". He criticised Labour's decision in May 1940 to join

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A later study of the disaster found it remarkable that "nobody was prosecuted, dismissed, or demoted, and that Lord Robens's offer to resign as chairman ... was rejected".

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In December 1966 Davies introduced a bill to the House of Commons, to provide more generous compensation to miners suffering from dust-related diseases. The bill was accepted by

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was the practical expression of Christianity. Davies's association with such supposed heresies was unacceptable to the Brecon college, which withdrew its financial support.

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Ultimately the disaster fund agreed to pay £150,000, a decision that prompted Davies to resign from the fund's committee. In June 1997 the incoming Labour government under

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stated in its pre-poll analysis, he was put on the defensive: "His is the dispiriting task of trying to lose as few votes as possible". The paper predicted a close result.

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won election against the party machine, and Davies would, they predicted, get no more than 1,000 votes. Within a few days of the deselection meeting Wilson called a

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Despite this loss of sponsorship, Davies completed his studies and graduated in 1913. His plans to enter the ministry were abandoned; he was an active member of the

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who shared Davies's political outlook. The couple lived at Gwynfryn Park Terrace in Merthyr Tydfil, and had two sons. In November 1936, having been returned in the

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in the Gwendraeth Valley. In December 1913, he unsuccessfully sought election as miners' sub-agent for the Anthracite Miners' district of the SWMF. When the

2875: 4373: 3384: 3115: 4121: 392:(ILP), and his religious vocation had been replaced by a commitment to working-class politics. In 1913, while still a student, he stood for election to 2971: 800:, situated a few miles south of Merthyr Tydfil. On the mountainsides above the village, colliery waste had been dumped over the years to form large 4126: 3695: 3019: 717:. Davies's deep roots in the Labour movement, and his large base of local support, saved him from a similar fate. In June 1953 he was attacked by 3970: 349:. His ambition and intelligence were quickly recognised by his superiors, and he was encouraged to study mining engineering, at first locally in 2851: 1121:

The UK coal industry had been removed from private ownership and nationalised in 1946, with control vested in an appointed National Coal Board.

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entry states that "ccording to the 1891 census, he was nine years of age at that time", which suggests 1881 or 1882 as his true birth year.

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In December 1951 Sephora Davies was expelled from the Labour Party because of her close association with a proscribed organisation, the

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of 1968—in sharp contrast to his condemnation of the "criminally dangerous and irresponsible heroics" of the United States during the

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had been orchestrated by "a CIA-sponsored West-German pro-fascist organisation". Lawther demanded that the local Merthyr Tydfil party

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constituency, in North Wales. The aftermath of the General Strike convinced him that he should remain in the South Wales coalfields.

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report stated that there was evidence to indicate that Davies, "if not of the Party ... is at least very close to it indeed".

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modernise the technique of those ironworks and collieries, no effort has been made to establish other industries in those areas.

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He was highly respected by all, even by those who didn't agree with him". His parliamentary colleague and fellow mineworker

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and won comfortably, a rare example in British politics of an independent candidate defeating a major party's organisation.

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According to a BBC correspondent, Davies "looked as if he belonged to a different age, in his parliamentary 'uniform' of

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Davies attended the local Cap Coch school, leaving at the age of 12, as was usual at that time, to begin work in the

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In 1934, two years after his wife Margaret's death from cancer, Davies married Sephora Davies, a schoolteacher from

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After his election to parliament in 1934, Davies was a consistent advocate for the interests of Merthyr Tydfil and

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as parliamentary candidate by his local party association on account of his age. He fought the constituency in the

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termed him "the sham militant". Nevertheless, he continued to work for cooperation between all factions on the

2451: 254:(SWMF), and in 1924 was appointed SWMF's chief organiser, legal adviser, and vice-president. After a visit to 227: 4443: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4146: 4094: 4005: 3916: 3892: 3785: 3773: 3654: 3215: 2665: 2643: 1020: 1011: 892: 685: 502: 981:, Merthyr Tydfil. On 5 August 2015, as part of the De Montfort Project celebrating the 750th anniversary of 706:

throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Stating his position in a 1948 letter to the Labour Party general secretary

3803: 3581: 985:'s parliament, Davies's parliamentary work was recognised in special events at Cardiff and Merthyr Tydfil. 766: 346: 3420: 2669: 269:. Largely indifferent to party discipline, he defied official Labour policy by championing such causes as 4312: 4307: 4292: 4156: 4059: 4011: 3910: 3523: 918: 464:(RILU). The following year, he was a delegate from the SWMF to the Second World Congress of the RILU in 4458: 4082: 3922: 3886: 3868: 3767: 3737: 1033:

The minimum school leaving age in the UK increased from 12 to 14 in 1918, to 15 in 1947 and 16 in 1972.

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know that obstruction has been placed in the way of this little country to which I am proud to belong.

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referred to his deceptively mild outward demeanour, "but underneath, fires were forever smouldering".

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who had authorised the paper's closure, shocked even the British Communist Party's general secretary,

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Davies's general election majorities were; 1955, 18,082; 1959, 18,723; 1964, 18,508; 1966, 17,655.

755: 527: 389: 354: 1378:"Davies, Stephen O. / Eley / Cardiff 11a 850"; "Eley, Elizabeth M. / Davies / Cardiff 11a 850" in 3168: 2457: 1321: 891:, which gave the Merthyr party little time to find their new candidate. They chose Tal Lloyd, an 758:

proposing self-government for Wales on the basis of the aborted 1914 act that would have granted

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South Wales Area conference of the NUM. Davies persevered, and on 4 March 1955 introduced in the

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Frost, Denis (26 October 1966). "Sir Edmund Davies promises 'no whitewash' at Aberfan inquiry".

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by pit owners, and after spells of unemployment he eventually found work as an insurance agent.

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Report of the Tribunal appointed to inquire into the Disaster at Aberfan on October 21st 1966

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As Europe moved towards war in the late 1930s, Davies opposed the appeasement policies of the

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who had received tacit support from the Conservative Party. Davies faced opposition from the

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Using the slogan "Peace, Prosperity, Security, Freedom", Davies advocated the extension of

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Frost, Denis (24 October 1966). "Coal Board Blames Hidden Spring for Aberfan Landslip".

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Port and Gwendraeth Valley Trades and Labour Council. He was initially selected as the

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coal mine. He remained there until the mine was exhausted in 1905, when he moved to

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was one of Merthyr Tydfil's MPs (it was a two-member constituency until 1918)

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Owen). Thomas was a miner and trade union activist, who under the pseudonym

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The spoil tips above Aberfan, photographed two years after the disaster

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district of the SWMF. Against strong competition—his main opponent was

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In April 1926, Davies had been chosen as the Labour candidate for the

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Glamorgan Archives host talk on Merthyr MP S. O. Davies, 30 July 2015

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After graduation, Davies returned to work in the mines, initially at

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Vice presidents of the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)

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In April 2013 a heritage plaque in Davies's honour was unveiled at

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to fill the vacancy caused by Davies's death the Labour candidate,

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coalfields, the fourth child of Thomas Davies and his wife Esther (

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Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

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with an increased majority, Davies ridiculed the prime minister,

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in the field, Davies was denied an obvious target for attack; as

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ministry. However, Davies's religious beliefs were influenced by

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Perrott, Roy (21 July 1968). "Aberfan Angered by Tips Verdict".

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in 1908, Davies gave his date of birth as 27 November 1883. His

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Our History: S. O. Davies, "Fellow-travelling" and the Cold War

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Davies as their parliamentary candidate, but they stood firm.

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Davies's Merthyr constituency included the mining village of

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Davies's majority rose to 19,186; it increased to 22,916 in

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In 1918 Davies sought the position of miners' agent for the

324:("the Fox") wrote a column for the Welsh language newspaper 3256:"Living Heritage: Early attempts at election to Parliament" 3018: 2874: 2826: 2321: 2272: 2260: 2226: 2224: 2161: 2133: 2099: 2097: 2054: 1923: 1921: 1822: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1641: 1605: 1593: 1382:(1919, 3rd quarter), ancestry.com, accessed 9 January 2021 1196: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1178: 677: 2946: 2922: 2898: 2027: 1804: 1753: 1682: 1653: 1468: 1466: 1427: 1415: 765:

According to Griffiths, when Soviet troops suppressed the

3170:"Glamorgan Archives Host Talk on Merthyr MP S .O. Davies" 2463: 1659: 1331:

Living Heritage: Early attempts at election to Parliament

1258: 1248: 1246: 1165: 1163: 1161: 1159: 779: 3455: 2996:"National Insurance Acts 1946 and 1948 (Amendment) Bill" 2994: 2327: 2236: 2221: 2094: 2048: 2009: 1984: 1978: 1918: 1912: 1870: 1810: 1768: 1712: 1623: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1175: 2970: 2850: 2197: 2185: 2121: 1894: 1864: 1852: 1700: 1688: 1569: 1463: 1439: 1348: 1309: 1243: 1156: 472:

system. He did not, however, join the recently formed

218:

from 1934 to 1950. In 1970, when well past 80, he was

3495:. Who's Who 2016 and Who was Who Online edition. 2016 3153:. Who's Who 2016 and Who was Who online edition. 2016 1222: 1143:

repaid the amount to the still-extant disaster fund.

1068:

From 1898 until his death in 1915 the Labour pioneer

262:, a position he maintained for the rest of his life. 187:(before 1889 – 25 February 1972), generally known as 3421:"Maiden Speeches in the House of Commons since 1918" 3296:"Living Heritage: Election and Parliamentary career" 2248: 2209: 2173: 2109: 1882: 1741: 1388: 1380:

Civil Registration of Marriages in England and Wales

534:

he had defeated a single opponent, a candidate from

290: 3354:"The 1970 Parliamentary Election at Merthyr Tydfil" 3276:"Living Heritage: Early life in mining communities" 2787: 1735: 1575: 1548: 1536: 3377: 3108: 2817: 1841:Living Heritage: Election and Parliamentary career 1478: 1282: 4464:Politicians affected by a party expulsion process 4369:Miners' Federation of Great Britain-sponsored MPs 2622: 2602: 1963: 1951: 1507: 1304:Living Heritage: Early life in mining communities 429:, but stood down when the SWMF backed his rival, 4335: 2796: 2790:British Parliamentary Election Results 1950–1964 2513:Friendly Enemies: Britain and the GDR, 1949–1990 2072: 744:S. O. Davies, House of Commons, 22 January 1953. 656:. The bitterness of Davies's personal attack on 630:, for his refusal to meet a delegation from the 403: 3334: 2711:"The Parliament for Wales campaign, 1950-1956" 2573: 2483: 2036: 2021: 357:in London. In 1908, with sponsorship from the 3696: 3208: 2509: 1792: 1204: 611:contribution towards producing that wealth". 588:S. O. Davies, House of Commons, 21 June 1934. 3388:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3236:"Living Heritage: Career as a miners' agent" 3119:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2900:"Nationalisation of Mines and Minerals Bill" 4374:National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs 3360:. National Library of Wales. pp. 61–81 1531:Rebel history lesson for new MP, 9 May 2005 940:, won the seat with a narrow majority over 881:Davies following his deselection, May 1970. 468:, and acquired a warm sympathy towards the 3703: 3689: 3106: 1458:Wallhead, Richard Collingham (Who was Who) 1367:Living Heritage: Career as a miners' agent 1237: 570: 49: 3335:McNeill, Iain (project director) (1999). 2664: 2642: 2469: 2429: 2401: 2385: 2369: 2345: 2333: 2305: 2281: 2266: 2242: 2230: 2167: 2139: 2103: 2084: 2060: 1990: 1927: 1900: 1876: 1828: 1816: 1777: 1762: 1718: 1706: 1694: 1670: 1629: 1617: 1472: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1354: 1264: 1252: 1169: 373:, with a view thereafter to entering the 258:in 1922 he became a firm advocate of the 3088:"Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946" 2792:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2530: 2510:Berger, Stefan; LaPorte, Norman (2010). 2418:Merthyr Mourns its Loss, 3 February 1972 1343:A Candidate from Tumble, 4 December 1913 1315: 907: 810: 648:Churchill's wartime coalition government 513: 476:, and remained within the Labour Party. 294: 132:Date uncertain; November 1886 or earlier 3418: 3385:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3116:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2446:Heritage Plaques Unveiled, 4 April 2013 1581: 1410:S. O. Davies Swansea University archive 992: 508: 91:5 June 1934 – 25 February 1972 14: 4336: 3603:Agent for the Dowlais District of the 3372: 3351: 3316:"Living Heritage: Entry into politics" 3049: 2674:. London: Communist Party of Britain. 2254: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2151: 2127: 2115: 1940:Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 1888: 1747: 1484: 1394: 1288: 3684: 3459:. Durham Miners' Museum. 17 July 1967 3069: 2788:Mitchell, B.R.; Boehm, Klaus (1966). 2708: 2552: 1554: 1542: 1513: 1099:and fell back slightly, to 21,436 in 632:National Unemployed Workers' Movement 575: 444:, later a long-serving Labour MP for 315: 299:A street near Davies's birthplace in 3209:Jones, John Graham (1 August 2008). 2358:Merthyr Shocks Labour, 15 April 1972 1277:Living Heritage: Entry into politics 3712:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 3663:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 2559:. London: Tauris Academic Studies. 844: 454:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 24: 4449:Alumni of the University of London 3473:"Swansea University: S. O. Davies" 3052:"Education: Historical Statistics" 2709:Jones, J. Graham (December 1992). 1502:Merthyr Polling Today, 5 June 1934 1217:Davies, Stephen Owen (Who was Who) 1014:records that, when registering at 913:unexpectedly lost the election to 462:Red International of Labour Unions 214:from 1950 to 1972, and previously 154:, Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom 25: 4475: 3437:"Rebel history lesson for new MP" 3419:Priddy, Sarah (27 January 2016). 3050:Bolton, Paul (27 November 2012). 2650:. Llandysul, Dyfed: Gomer Press. 715:British-Soviet Friendship Society 291:Birth, childhood and early career 4364:Independent politicians in Wales 3515:Parliament of the United Kingdom 3475:. Archives Wales. Archived from 2432:, p. 298 (quoting from the 2404:, p. 296 (quoting from the 2372:, p. 297 (quoting from the 2308:, p. 293 (quoting from the 868: 808:on a tour of the disaster site. 474:Communist Party of Great Britain 310:(then known as Cap Coch) in the 3072:"ILP: Independent Labour Party" 2648:S. O. Davies: A Socialist Faith 2322:Commons debate 22 February 1972 2154:, p. 68 (quoting from the 2087:, pp. 278–79 (quoted from 1642:Commons debate 11 November 1936 1606:Commons debate 13 December 1934 1594:Commons debate 13 December 1934 1372: 1133: 1124: 1115: 1106: 1085: 1075: 1062: 1049: 1036: 1027: 839: 832:, to investigate the disaster. 691: 3635:South Wales Miners' Federation 3605:South Wales Miners' Federation 3493:"Wallhead, Richard Collingham" 2876:"Unemployed Marchers Petition" 1805:Commons debate 22 January 1953 1683:Commons debate 12 October 1939 1654:Commons debate 4 February 1938 1004: 684:. According to his biographer 503:Merthyr Tydfil Borough Council 252:South Wales Miners' Federation 206:politician, who served as the 13: 1: 4132:Colliery Officials and Staffs 3716:National Union of Mineworkers 3216:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 2294:Heath's surprise victory 1970 1021:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 893:Amalgamated Engineering Union 458:National Union of Mineworkers 404:Mineworker and union official 285: 4454:Alumni of Cardiff University 3409:UK public library membership 3140:UK public library membership 2772:. 15 April 1972. p. 5. 2516:. New York: Berghahn Books. 2497:. 4 December 1913. p. 6 2388:, p. 296 (quoting from 2049:Commons debate 17 March 1967 2010:Tribunal Report 19 July 1967 1979:Tribunal Report 19 July 1967 1913:Tribunal Report 19 July 1967 1150: 1010:In his biography of Davies, 7: 3524:Richard Collingham Wallhead 2739:"Merthyr Mourns its Loss". 2484:Books, journals, newspapers 1865:Commons debate 4 March 1955 1853:Commons debate 4 March 1955 1570:Commons debate 21 June 1934 1016:University College, Cardiff 947: 919:European Economic Community 371:University College, Cardiff 347:Nixon's Navigation Colliery 244:University College, Cardiff 10: 4480: 3423:. House of Commons Library 3339:. Nuffield College, Oxford 3190:"Heath's surprise victory" 3057:. House of Commons Library 2972:"Government of Wales Bill" 2752:. 5 June 1934. p. 8. 2743:. 3 March 1972. p. 1. 2478: 830:Lord Justice Edmund Davies 789: 785: 490:National Minority Movement 4285: 4109: 4074: 3991: 3830: 3723: 3669: 3659: 3651: 3641: 3631: 3623: 3611: 3601: 3593: 3588: 3578: 3559: 3554: 3528: 3520: 3513: 3221:National Library of Wales 3074:. Glasgow Digital Library 3043: 2768:"Merthyr Shocks Labour". 2748:"Merthyr Polling Today". 2491:"A Candidate from Tumble" 1793:Berger & LaPorte 2010 365:and began studying for a 282:and possibly 90 or more. 178: 158: 145: 128: 123: 119: 107: 95: 84: 64: 60: 48: 34: 2694:Daily Post (North Wales) 997: 456:(MFGB, precursor of the 390:Independent Labour Party 355:Royal College of Science 4162:Lancashire and Cheshire 3549:Constituency abolished 3506:(subscription required) 3414:(subscription required) 3164:(subscription required) 3145:(subscription required) 3094:. The National Archives 3070:Byers, Michael (2002). 2821:(Parliamentary debates) 2812:(subscription required) 2783:(subscription required) 2763:(subscription required) 2750:The Manchester Guardian 2638:(subscription required) 2618:(subscription required) 2540:. New York: Macmillan. 1736:Mitchell and Boehm 1966 1384:(subscription required) 571:In the House of Commons 553:The Manchester Guardian 359:Brecon Memorial College 141:, Wales, United Kingdom 3661:Vice-President of the 3633:Vice-President of the 3394:10.1093/ref:odnb/33696 3379:"Hardie, (James) Keir" 3151:"Davies, Stephen Owen" 3125:10.1093/ref:odnb/47339 3110:"Davies, Stephen Owen" 3107:Davies, Keith (2004). 3020:"European Communities" 2556:The Failure of a Dream 2495:Amman Valley Chronicle 878: 816: 741: 585: 303: 3358:Welsh Journals Online 3352:Morgan, Alun (1978). 2553:Cohen, Gidon (2007). 2091:, 14 September 1968). 1964:Frost 26 October 1966 1952:Frost 24 October 1966 1093:1945 general election 1042:In his 1907 treatise 908:Final years and death 889:snap general election 873: 814: 790:Further information: 756:private member's bill 736: 624:1935 general election 580: 532:1931 general election 514:By-election June 1934 427:1918 general election 353:and, in 1907, at the 298: 224:1970 general election 4444:Councillors in Wales 4251:Mid and West Lothian 4246:Mid and East Lothian 4110:Affiliates and areas 3589:Trade union offices 3562:Member of Parliament 3531:Member of Parliament 2852:"Ministry of Labour" 2719:Welsh History Review 2392:, 26 February 1972). 2073:Perrott 21 July 1968 993:Notes and references 775:Cuban Missile Crisis 760:home rule to Ireland 522:, the Labour MP for 509:Member of Parliament 425:constituency in the 208:Member of Parliament 66:Member of Parliament 4181:North Staffordshire 3992:General Secretaries 2436:, 3 February 1972). 2408:, 3 February 1972). 2376:, 3 February 1972). 1620:, pp. 203–204. 972:1926 general strike 821:National Coal Board 563:, abolition of the 548:National Government 185:Stephen Owen Davies 18:Stephen Owen Davies 3374:Morgan, Kenneth O. 3092:legislation.gov.uk 3030:. 22 February 1972 2886:. 11 November 1936 2838:. 13 December 1934 2348:, pp. 298–99. 2284:, pp. 291–92. 2269:, pp. 290–91. 2170:, pp. 284–85. 2142:, pp. 283–84. 2063:, pp. 267–68. 2037:McLean et al. 1999 2022:Edmund Davies 1967 1831:, pp. 179–81. 819:On 24 October the 817: 767:Hungarian uprising 576:Member for Merthyr 442:William Mainwaring 421:candidate for the 398:Board of Guardians 327:Tarian y Gweithiwr 304: 238:and later took an 236:mining engineering 170:Independent Labour 27:British politician 4459:Age controversies 4331: 4330: 3679: 3678: 3670:Succeeded by 3642:Succeeded by 3612:Succeeded by 3579:Succeeded by 3407:(Subscription or 3320:www.parliament.uk 3300:www.parliament.uk 3280:www.parliament.uk 3260:www.parliament.uk 3240:www.parliament.uk 3138:(Subscription or 2958:. 22 January 1953 2934:. 12 October 1939 2910:. 4 February 1938 2681:978-1-908315-20-5 2666:Griffiths, Robert 2657:978-0-85088-887-4 2644:Griffiths, Robert 2566:978-1-84511-300-1 2523:978-1-84545-697-9 2312:, 9 August 1971). 2206:, pp. 73–74. 2194:, pp. 69–70. 2130:, pp. 67–68. 1765:, pp. 21–22. 1436:, pp. 84–86. 1424:, pp. 72–80. 1267:, pp. 12–17. 1205:Graham Jones 2008 983:Simon de Montfort 934:April by-election 855:Labour government 806:Duke of Edinburgh 674:Labour government 460:or NUM) with the 275:Welsh nationalism 182: 181: 16:(Redirected from 4471: 4439:Welsh socialists 4424:UK MPs 1970–1974 4419:UK MPs 1966–1970 4414:UK MPs 1964–1966 4409:UK MPs 1959–1964 4404:UK MPs 1955–1959 4399:UK MPs 1951–1955 4394:UK MPs 1950–1951 4389:UK MPs 1945–1950 4384:UK MPs 1935–1945 4379:UK MPs 1931–1935 4354:Welsh Labour MPs 4267:South Derbyshire 4236:Fife and Kinross 4172:Midland Counties 3705: 3698: 3691: 3682: 3681: 3652:Preceded by 3624:Preceded by 3594:Preceded by 3556:New constituency 3521:Preceded by 3511: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3415: 3412: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3381: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3146: 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Griffiths 658:Herbert Morrison 616:Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen 599:House of Commons 593:Davies gave his 589: 561:public ownership 528:June by-election 520:Richard Wallhead 367:Bachelor of Arts 361:, he passed his 319: 279:Aberfan disaster 250:district of the 174: 167: 149:25 February 1972 124:Personal details 110: 98: 89: 80: 53: 43: 32: 31: 21: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4334: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4281: 4222:Nottinghamshire 4105: 4070: 3987: 3831:Vice-Presidents 3826: 3719: 3709: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3584: 3569: 3538: 3526: 3505: 3498: 3496: 3482: 3480: 3462: 3460: 3446: 3444: 3426: 3424: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3396: 3363: 3361: 3342: 3340: 3325: 3323: 3322:. UK Parliament 3305: 3303: 3302:. UK Parliament 3285: 3283: 3282:. UK Parliament 3265: 3263: 3262:. UK Parliament 3245: 3243: 3242:. UK Parliament 3225: 3223: 3199: 3197: 3179: 3177: 3163: 3156: 3154: 3144: 3137: 3129: 3127: 3097: 3095: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3033: 3031: 3009: 3007: 3006:. 17 March 1967 2985: 2983: 2961: 2959: 2948:"Welsh Affairs" 2937: 2935: 2913: 2911: 2889: 2887: 2865: 2863: 2841: 2839: 2823: 2811: 2782: 2762: 2741:Merthyr Express 2729: 2727: 2713: 2699: 2697: 2682: 2658: 2637: 2617: 2567: 2524: 2500: 2498: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2434:Merthyr Express 2428: 2424: 2416: 2412: 2406:Merthyr Express 2400: 2396: 2384: 2380: 2374:Merthyr Express 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2229: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2158:, 10 May 1970). 2156:Merthyr Express 2150: 2146: 2138: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2095: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2008: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1970: 1962: 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2571: 2565: 2550: 2532:Campbell, R.J. 2528: 2522: 2507: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2472:, p. 299. 2470:Griffiths 1983 2462: 2450: 2438: 2430:Griffiths 1983 2422: 2410: 2402:Griffiths 1983 2394: 2386:Griffiths 1983 2378: 2370:Griffiths 1983 2362: 2350: 2346:Griffiths 1983 2338: 2336:, p. 295. 2334:Griffiths 1983 2326: 2314: 2306:Griffiths 1983 2298: 2286: 2282:Griffiths 1983 2271: 2267:Griffiths 1983 2259: 2247: 2245:, p. 287. 2243:Griffiths 1983 2235: 2233:, p. 289. 2231:Griffiths 1983 2220: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2168:Griffiths 1983 2160: 2144: 2140:Griffiths 1983 2132: 2120: 2108: 2106:, p. 279. 2104:Griffiths 1983 2093: 2085:Griffiths 1983 2077: 2065: 2061:Griffiths 1983 2053: 2041: 2026: 2024:, p. 131. 2014: 1995: 1993:, p. 274. 1991:Griffiths 1983 1983: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1932: 1930:, p. 272. 1928:Griffiths 1983 1917: 1905: 1901:Griffiths 2012 1893: 1881: 1877:Griffiths 2012 1869: 1857: 1845: 1833: 1829:Griffiths 1983 1821: 1819:, p. 171. 1817:Griffiths 1983 1809: 1797: 1782: 1780:, p. 256. 1778:Griffiths 1983 1767: 1763:Griffiths 2012 1752: 1740: 1723: 1721:, p. 116. 1719:Griffiths 1983 1711: 1707:Griffiths 2012 1699: 1695:Griffiths 2012 1687: 1675: 1671:Griffiths 2012 1658: 1646: 1634: 1632:, p. 109. 1630:Griffiths 1983 1622: 1618:Griffiths 1983 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1559: 1547: 1535: 1518: 1506: 1489: 1477: 1473:Griffiths 1983 1462: 1450: 1446:Griffiths 2012 1438: 1434:Griffiths 1983 1426: 1422:Griffiths 1983 1414: 1399: 1387: 1371: 1359: 1355:Griffiths 2012 1347: 1335: 1320: 1308: 1293: 1281: 1269: 1265:Griffiths 1983 1257: 1253:Griffiths 1983 1242: 1238:K. Davies 2004 1221: 1209: 1174: 1170:Griffiths 1983 1154: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1132: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1084: 1074: 1061: 1048: 1035: 1026: 1002: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 949: 946: 909: 906: 872: 870: 867: 846: 843: 841: 838: 787: 784: 735: 693: 690: 672:election of a 662:Home Secretary 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 515: 512: 510: 507: 482:general strike 431:J. H. Williams 405: 402: 379:R. J. Campbell 292: 289: 287: 284: 212:Merthyr Tydfil 180: 179: 176: 175: 160: 156: 155: 152:Merthyr Tydfil 147: 143: 142: 130: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 102:R. C. Wallhead 99: 93: 92: 82: 81: 71:Merthyr Tydfil 62: 61: 58: 57: 55:Davies in 1955 54: 46: 45: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4476: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206:West Bromwich 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4176:Cannock Chase 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4096: 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