420:
was some misunderstanding among the command. At that time Poland still believed that any time soon Great
Britain and France would attack Germany according to the treaties which were signed by these countries at the beginning of 1939. As it happened these obligations were never to materialise. However, at that stage the Polish authorities wanted to preserve younger reservists for future fighting, so the spokesman of the garrison of Warsaw issued a communique in which he ordered all young men to leave the city. That step weakened the strength of the defence garrison.
379:
135:
148:
485:
1105:
581:
subsidiaries camp and slave-worked in
Leipzig Enterprise Transport, which produced aircraft parts. According to witnesses, he was allegedly placed on the board set on trestles, holding 2 full buckets of water, under the "penalty" of being shot if he would drop them. According to this account, Starzyński stood on it until he collapsed and died of exhaustion. This version of the circumstances of Starzyński's death was also discarded by the IPN in September 2014.
387:
33:
432:. Starzyński commanded the distribution of food, water and supplies as well as fire fighting brigades. He also managed to organise shelter for almost all civilian refugees from other parts of Poland and houses destroyed by German aerial bombardment. Before the Siege ended he became the symbol of the defence of Warsaw in 1939.
600:
radio station was named after him. Currently there are several monuments to Starzyński in Warsaw as well as a street and several schools named after him. His
September 1939 radio broadcasts are now considered to be a part of popular culture in Poland. Starzyński's quiet, hoarsened voice and the texts
419:
and started their march towards Warsaw. Most of the city authorities were evacuated to the east. Warsaw was left with a military garrison composed mainly of infantry battalions and batteries of artillery. The
Headquarters of general Czuma had to organize the defense of the city. Unfortunately, there
294:
stooge imposed on a city that mostly supported the opposition. But he soon gained popularity, even among his former enemies. He initiated a plan for fast-track reform of the financial system. The money saved thanks to these reforms was reinvested in public works that reduced unemployment. He managed
427:
to replace the evacuated police forces. He also ordered all members of the city's administration to retake their posts. In his daily radio releases he asked all civilians to construct barricades and anti-tank barriers at the outskirts of Warsaw. According to many sources from the epoch his daily
314:(City Centre) for his action of planting trees and flowers along the main streets. Starzyński also ordered the creation of a huge park in Wola and several minor green areas in other parts of the city. During his presidency Warsaw was also enlarged to the south. The area of former airfield on
580:
had received from
Germany in 2008. The documents had been held in the archives of former East German Ministry of State Security ("Stasi"), and they claimed that Starzyński was tortured and died on 19 March 1944 in a potassium salt mine, where he was allegedly held captive at a prisoner of
406:
of 1939 Starzyński, refused to leave Warsaw together with other state authorities and diplomats on 4 September 1939. Instead he joined the army as a major of infantry. The
Minister of War shortly before his departure created the Command of the Defense of the Capital with general
435:
On 27 September the commanders of the besieging German forces demanded that Starzyński be present during the signing of the capitulation of Warsaw. Before the capitulation he was offered to leave the city several times. The pilot of the prototype
455:
After the
Germans entered the city on 28 September 1939, Starzyński was allowed to continue his service as the president of Warsaw. He was active in organisation of life in the occupied city as well as its reconstruction after the German
518:(Instytut Pamięci Narodowej) officially closed the investigation of the circumstances of his death. Based on a recent eyewitness testimony, the IPN's commission of inquiry came to the conclusion that Stefan Starzyński was shot by the
326:), nowadays one of the main streets of Warsaw. Among the most important facilities opened during his presidency were the National Museum, new building of the city library, new building of his alma mater, now renamed to
952:
717:
685:
282:
In the early 1930s Warsaw had a huge hole in its budget. The city's development had been halted by a lack of funds while the population continued to grow rapidly. On 1 August 1934, Starzyński was chosen by the
1488:
1478:
601:
of his speeches are nowadays easily recognizable by most
Varsovians. In 2003 the readers of news papers and the spectators of the Warsaw branch of the public television elected Starzyński as
974:
345:
In 1934 he was chosen as a president of Warsaw for a four-year term. On 18 December 1938 he was elected in democratic elections for his second term. Starzyński held his office until
996:
1493:
1347:
412:
721:
689:
530:
functionaries
Oberscharführer Hermann Schimmann, Hauptscharführer Weber, and Unterscharführer Perlbach. However, it has not been possible to unambiguously establish the
287:
régime to become the president of Warsaw, and was given special powers. Local authorities were disbanded and Starzyński became responsible only to central government.
1266:
1276:
423:
To counter the mess that started in Warsaw, general Czuma appointed Stefan Starzyński as the
Civilian Commissar of Warsaw. Starzyński started to organize the
1362:
1319:
334:
theatre, which became one of the most influential scenes of Warsaw. Other initiatives of Starzyński include complete reconstruction of boulevards along the
222:
and became an ordinary soldier in the 1st Brigade. He took part in all battles and skirmishes of his Brigade and was quickly promoted to officer. After the
264:
1538:
1543:
495:
On 5 October he was arrested by the Gestapo and, together with several other prominent inhabitants of Warsaw, held hostage as a warrant of safety for
1357:
1528:
1367:
1352:
507:
prison. In December he was yet again offered to escape, but he again refused claiming that it would be too costly to those involved in his escape.
1036:
703:
1324:
1508:
1314:
537:
According to an earlier version of the account, which has been discarded by the IPN, it was believed that Starzyński had been transferred to
1473:
965:
1483:
983:
749:
499:
during a parade of victory held in Warsaw. The following day all of them were released. On 27 October 1939 he was again arrested by the
1513:
1518:
134:
245:
1029:
1281:
1121:
1002:
991:
987:
960:
956:
930:
887:
868:
849:
823:
800:
777:
515:
511:
68:
476:
and passports. Those documents were later used in validation of false identities of many members of the resistance.
307:
through a bridge over the northern railway line. These actions earned him the nickname "president of the suburbs".
303:, pave all the major roads out of Warsaw, and to connect the city centre with the newly built northern district of
1089:
1065:
841:
815:
792:
259:. In the years 1929–30 and 1931–32 he was a deputy minister of the treasury. In 1930 he became a member of Polish
1533:
1334:
1022:
237:
877:
1503:
1271:
1182:
1045:
219:
152:
577:
549:, where he was thought to have died. Several other accounts had assumed that he was either transferred to a
428:
speeches were a crucial factor in keeping the morale of both the soldiers and the civilians high during the
488:
A commemorative plaque dedicated to Starzyński. The inscription at the top includes his most famous quote
311:
1192:
1083:
1071:
267:(BBWR). He was also a deputy president of Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego, one of the largest Polish banks.
1523:
327:
199:
1498:
859:
Stefan Starzyński (1994). Marian Marek Drozdowski; Juliusz Ludwik Englert; Hanna Szwankowska (eds.).
562:
546:
233:
946:
1248:
1177:
1154:
863:(in Polish). Warsaw: Obywatelski Komitet Budowy Pomnika Stefana Starzyńskiego, Omnia. p. 160.
769:
461:
763:
1437:
1431:
1372:
1395:
202:. In 1909 he also joined various patriotic organizations, including the Riflemen's Association (
1258:
1212:
1104:
641:
429:
173:
123:
1243:
909:
1405:
1387:
1126:
1057:
1425:
1093:
1077:
204:
1468:
1463:
1149:
256:
241:
216:
1442:
1400:
1377:
1144:
8:
1202:
1187:
878:
Anna Kardaszewicz; Towarzystwo im. Stanisława ze Skarbimierza (corporate author) (2000).
646:
630:
1222:
916:
378:
244:
he was transferred to the 2nd Department of the General Staff, which carried out mostly
1296:
1113:
897:
635:
403:
382:
Public proclamation of Stefan Starzyński as the Civilian Commissar of Warsaw 8.09.1939
190:
1410:
1342:
1227:
1207:
926:
883:
864:
845:
819:
796:
773:
469:
1420:
918:
1309:
608:
In 1978 his popularized story was filmed by Andrzej Trzos-Rastawiecki in his movie
585:
464:, the first underground organisation in occupied Poland that eventually became the
315:
147:
1217:
1197:
1164:
1136:
978:
558:
449:
169:
45:
1415:
570:
457:
444:
and landed safely in besieged Warsaw offered himself to evacuate Starzyński to
408:
362:
2 major parks were opened to the public (one of them is now a National Reserve)
271:
228:
in 1917 he was arrested and, together with most of his colleagues, interned in
484:
416:
1457:
1304:
969:
833:
718:"Investigation of Warsaw President Stefan Starzyński's Death Has Been Closed"
686:"Investigation of Warsaw President Stefan Starzyński's Death Has Been Closed"
465:
251:
After demobilization he remained in public service. He supervised one of the
224:
162:
80:
1008:
561:. The date of his death was assumed to be 17 October 1943 (shot dead in the
290:
At first Starzyński was viewed by the majority of Varsovians as yet another
229:
194:, he enrolled in the Department of Economics at the Higher School of Trade (
953:
Investigation of Warsaw President Stefan Starzyński's Death Has Been Closed
496:
473:
395:
366:
346:
252:
1172:
212:
1014:
735:
671:
437:
165:
319:
300:
566:
554:
468:. Among other things he provided it with thousands of clean forms of
445:
188:. He participated in the 1905 school strike. After graduating from a
386:
32:
339:
304:
565:), although other versions mentioned August 1944 (Warsaw), 1944 (
534:
functionaries who had given the order to kill Stefan Starzyński.
531:
527:
519:
510:
His fate remained unknown until, on 8 September 2014, the Polish
500:
441:
335:
291:
284:
1479:
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
557:
or that he was held hostage in Warsaw until the outbreak of the
1049:
625:
550:
542:
538:
523:
504:
391:
185:
119:
105:
101:
460:
campaign. At the same time he became one of the organizers of
255:
commissions in Moscow and later one of the departments of the
161:(19 August 1893 – between 21 and 23 December 1939) was a
1489:
Members of the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic (1930–1935)
736:"Investigation of Stefan Starzyński's death continues at IPN"
576:
One version of the account was based on documents, which the
232:. In November 1918 he joined the Polish Army and became the
296:
260:
310:
He became popular among the inhabitants of the borough of
184:
Stefan Bronisław Starzyński was born on 19 August 1893 in
810:
various authors (1982). Marian Marek Drozdowski (ed.).
786:
672:"IPN chce się dowiedzieć, jak zginał Stefan Starzyński"
704:"The Man who Governed Warsaw After Starzynki's Arrest"
584:
In 1957, a memorial was erected to his memory in the
448:. He was also proposed to go underground and receive
975:
The Man who Governed Warsaw After Starzynki's Arrest
750:"IPN Determined Circumstances of Starzynski's Death"
265:
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government
984:
IPN investigates German murder of Stefan Starzyński
1494:Senators of the Second Polish Republic (1938–1939)
966:IPN Determined Circumstances of Starzynski's Death
923:Archiwum Prezydenta Warszawy Stefana Starzyńskiego
522:at some point between 21 and 23 December 1939. in
947:Arrest of President Stefan Starzyński – 27.X.1939
858:
761:
179:
1455:
720:(in Polish). IPN. September 2014. Archived from
688:(in Polish). IPN. September 2014. Archived from
526:or its surroundings. The crime was committed by
440:plane that managed to escape from internment in
809:
411:as its commander. On 7 September the forces of
322:was cut in two parts by Aleje Niepodległości (
1030:
832:
706:(in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza. September 2014.
917:Stefan Starzyński; Marian Marek Drozdowski,
353:2,000,000 km² of paved roads were built
263:for a three years period as a member of the
752:(in Polish). Polskie Radio. September 2014.
738:(in Polish). Życie Warszawy. March 9, 2008.
1539:People executed by Nazi Germany by firearm
1037:
1023:
211:In August 1914, after the outbreak of the
31:
1544:Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship
1044:
591:
452:in order to escape the city. He refused.
483:
385:
377:
146:
58:2 August 1934 – 27 October 1939
1529:Polish civilians killed in World War II
921:(2004). Marian Marek Drozdowski (ed.).
882:(in Polish). Warsaw: DiG. p. 100.
652:
578:Institute of National Remembrance (IPN)
415:managed to break the Polish lines near
1456:
610:Gdziekolwiek jesteś, panie prezydencie
1018:
789:Stefan Starzyński, prezydent Warszawy
270:During his life he published several
1509:Polish Military Organisation members
765:The Mayor: Saga of Stefan Starzynski
1474:Politicians from Warsaw Governorate
479:
13:
1484:Camp of National Unity politicians
812:Wspomnienia o Stefanie Starzyńskim
349:broke out. During his presidency:
338:and partial reconstruction of the
277:
168:, economist, military officer and
151:Stefan Starzyński as a soldier of
14:
1555:
1514:Polish legionnaires (World War I)
1122:Franz Schimmelpfennig von der Ove
992:Institute of National Remembrance
961:Institute of National Remembrance
940:
838:Stefan Starzyński w mojej pamięci
516:Institute of National Remembrance
390:Monument to Stefan Starzyński in
198:), a private-run university, now
1103:
861:Chciałem by Warszawa była wielka
787:Marian Marek Drozdowski (1980).
133:
614:Wherever You Are, Mr. President
373:
117:between 21 and 23 December 1939
1003:Warsaw 1939 – historical guide
742:
728:
710:
696:
678:
664:
490:I wanted Warsaw to be great...
180:Early life, studies and career
1:
842:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
816:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
793:Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy
605:by a huge majority of votes.
1519:Polish people of World War I
1282:Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski
674:(in Polish). Życie Warszawy.
603:the Varsovian of the Century
573:) or January 1940 (Dachau).
295:to electrify the suburbs of
238:9th Polish Infantry Division
69:Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski
7:
1335:People's Republic of Poland
1193:Teodor Andrault de Langeron
1084:Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski
1072:Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski
772:: Diversified Enterprises.
619:
159:Stefan Bronisław Starzyński
10:
1560:
925:(in Polish). p. 394.
762:Norbert Konwinski (1978).
657:
596:After the war the rebuilt
413:4th German Panzer Division
328:Warsaw School of Economics
200:Warsaw School of Economics
1386:
1333:
1295:
1257:
1236:
1163:
1135:
1112:
1101:
1056:
563:Dachau concentration camp
547:Dachau concentration camp
359:National Museum was built
141:
129:
113:
95:
90:
86:
74:
62:
51:
43:
39:
30:
23:
1183:Jakub Ignacy Łaszczyński
1090:Józef Michał Łukasiewicz
1066:Józef Michał Łukasiewicz
997:Stefan Conrad Starzyński
462:Służba Zwycięstwu Polski
1438:Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz
1432:Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
1259:Second Polish Republic
1213:Sokrates Starynkiewicz
724:on September 15, 2014.
692:on September 15, 2014.
642:Siege of Warsaw (1939)
592:Legacy and remembrance
503:and imprisoned in the
492:
399:
383:
356:44 schools were opened
342:in the Old Town area.
324:Avenue of Independence
155:
1534:Polish murder victims
1388:Third Polish Republic
1267:Stanisław Nowodworski
1127:Friedrich Georg Tilly
1058:First Polish Republic
840:(in Polish). Warsaw:
791:(in Polish). Warsaw:
487:
389:
381:
196:Wyższe Kursy Handlowe
150:
109:(then Russian Empire)
1504:Polish Army officers
1396:Stanisław Wyganowski
653:Notes and references
636:Polish Defensive War
474:birth registry forms
404:Polish Defensive War
257:Ministry of Treasury
242:Polish-Bolshevik War
1363:Zygmunt Dworakowski
1348:Stanisław Tołwiński
1320:Oskar Rudolf Dengel
1272:Władysław Jabłoński
1244:Zdzisław Lubomirski
1203:Zygmunt Wielopolski
1188:Aleksander Graybner
1178:Stanisław Węgrzecki
1155:Stanisław Węgrzecki
1114:Prussian Occupation
631:President of Warsaw
402:After the start of
1426:Mirosław Kochalski
1373:Mieczysław Dębicki
1297:General Government
1094:Andrzej Rafałowicz
1078:Andrzej Rafałowicz
908:has generic name (
493:
400:
384:
318:in the borough of
205:Związek Strzelecki
172:before and during
156:
1524:Polish economists
1451:
1450:
1443:Rafał Trzaskowski
1401:Mieczysław Bareja
1378:Jerzy Bolesławski
1343:Marian Spychalski
1287:Stefan Starzyński
1277:Zygmunt Słomiński
1228:Aleksander Miller
1208:Kalikst Witkowski
1145:Joachim Moszyński
880:Stefan Starzyński
174:the Siege of 1939
145:
144:
122:or surroundings,
25:Stefan Starzyński
16:Polish politician
1551:
1499:Mayors of Warsaw
1406:Marcin Święcicki
1310:Marceli Porowski
1249:Piotr Drzewiecki
1223:Wiktor Litwiński
1107:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1015:
936:
913:
907:
903:
901:
893:
874:
855:
829:
806:
783:
754:
753:
746:
740:
739:
732:
726:
725:
714:
708:
707:
700:
694:
693:
682:
676:
675:
668:
586:Powązki cemetery
480:Arrest and death
365:construction of
316:Pole Mokotowskie
274:on the economy.
137:
91:Personal details
77:
65:
56:
35:
21:
20:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1411:Paweł Piskorski
1382:
1358:Janusz Zarzycki
1329:
1291:
1253:
1232:
1218:Mikołaj Bibikow
1198:Kazimierz Woyda
1165:Congress Poland
1159:
1150:Paweł Bieliński
1137:Duchy of Warsaw
1131:
1108:
1099:
1052:
1043:
979:Gazeta Wyborcza
943:
933:
905:
904:
895:
894:
890:
871:
852:
844:. p. 133.
826:
818:. p. 427.
803:
795:. p. 394.
780:
758:
757:
748:
747:
743:
734:
733:
729:
716:
715:
711:
702:
701:
697:
684:
683:
679:
670:
669:
665:
660:
655:
622:
594:
559:Warsaw Uprising
482:
450:plastic surgery
430:Siege of Warsaw
376:
280:
278:Mayor of Warsaw
272:academic papers
182:
170:Mayor of Warsaw
124:Occupied Poland
118:
108:
100:
75:
63:
57:
52:
46:Mayor of Warsaw
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1421:Lech Kaczyński
1418:
1416:Wojciech Kozak
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Jerzy Majewski
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Jerzy Albrecht
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
981:
972:
963:
950:
942:
941:External links
939:
938:
937:
931:
919:Lech Kaczyński
914:
888:
875:
869:
856:
850:
830:
824:
807:
801:
784:
778:
756:
755:
741:
727:
709:
695:
677:
662:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
649:
644:
639:
633:
628:
621:
618:
593:
590:
571:Spandau prison
481:
478:
458:terror bombing
409:Walerian Czuma
375:
372:
371:
370:
363:
360:
357:
354:
279:
276:
234:Chief of Staff
220:Polish Legions
181:
178:
153:Polish Legions
143:
142:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
115:
111:
110:
99:19 August 1893
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
49:
48:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Julian Kulski
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1009:Spy in London
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
993:
989:
985:
982:
980:
976:
973:
971:
970:Polskie Radio
967:
964:
962:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
934:
932:83-7399-075-5
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
899:
891:
889:83-7181-109-8
885:
881:
876:
872:
870:83-85252-56-8
866:
862:
857:
853:
851:83-01-10180-6
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Julian Kulski
831:
827:
825:83-01-02785-1
821:
817:
814:(in Polish).
813:
808:
804:
802:83-06-00265-2
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
779:0-9601790-0-3
775:
771:
767:
766:
760:
759:
751:
745:
737:
731:
723:
719:
713:
705:
699:
691:
687:
681:
673:
667:
663:
648:
645:
643:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
617:
615:
611:
606:
604:
599:
589:
587:
582:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
491:
486:
477:
475:
471:
467:
466:Armia Krajowa
463:
459:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
426:
421:
418:
414:
410:
405:
397:
393:
388:
380:
368:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
288:
286:
275:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
240:. During the
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:
225:Pledge Crisis
221:
218:
214:
209:
207:
206:
201:
197:
193:
192:
187:
177:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
154:
149:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:Julian Kulski
79:
73:
70:
67:
61:
55:
50:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1325:Ludwig Leist
1286:
922:
906:|last2=
879:
860:
837:
811:
788:
764:
744:
730:
722:the original
712:
698:
690:the original
680:
666:
613:
609:
607:
602:
597:
595:
583:
575:
545:and then to
536:
509:
497:Adolf Hitler
494:
489:
454:
434:
424:
422:
401:
396:Saxon Garden
374:World War II
367:Warsaw Metro
347:World War II
344:
331:
323:
309:
289:
281:
269:
253:repatriation
250:
246:intelligence
223:
215:, he joined
210:
203:
195:
189:
183:
158:
157:
76:Succeeded by
53:
18:
1469:1939 deaths
1464:1893 births
1315:Helmut Otto
1237:World War I
1173:Karol Woyda
1092:(1794) and
1046:City mayors
647:Prometheism
598:Warszawa II
588:in Warsaw.
425:Civil Guard
417:Częstochowa
312:Śródmieście
217:Piłsudski's
64:Preceded by
1458:Categories
541:prison in
438:PZL.46 Sum
332:Powszechny
230:Beniaminów
986:(Polish)
977:(Polish)
968:(Polish)
955:(Polish)
898:cite book
770:Claremont
569:), 1943 (
567:Baelberge
555:Baelberge
446:Lithuania
213:Great War
191:gymnasium
166:statesman
130:Signature
54:In office
1434:(Acting)
1428:(Acting)
1011:(Polish)
1005:(Polish)
999:(Polish)
949:(Polish)
836:(1990).
620:See also
553:mine in
470:ID cards
340:barbican
330:and the
305:Żoliborz
658:General
638:of 1939
532:Gestapo
528:Gestapo
520:Gestapo
501:Gestapo
442:Romania
369:started
336:Vistula
320:Mokotów
301:Grochów
292:Sanacja
285:Sanacja
248:tasks.
236:of the
1096:(1794)
1086:(1794)
1080:(1793)
1074:(1792)
1068:(1791)
1050:Warsaw
929:
886:
867:
848:
822:
799:
776:
626:Warsaw
551:potash
543:Berlin
539:Moabit
524:Warsaw
505:Pawiak
392:Warsaw
186:Warsaw
163:Polish
120:Warsaw
106:Poland
102:Warsaw
44:30th
927:ISBN
910:help
884:ISBN
865:ISBN
846:ISBN
820:ISBN
797:ISBN
774:ISBN
299:and
297:Wola
261:Sejm
114:Died
96:Born
1048:of
988:IPN
957:IPN
616:).
512:IPN
394:'s
208:).
1460::
902::
900:}}
896:{{
768:.
472:,
176:.
104:,
1038:e
1031:t
1024:v
990:-
959:-
935:.
912:)
892:.
873:.
854:.
828:.
805:.
782:.
612:(
514:-
398:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
