310:
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858:
841:
Zheng Wen Gong was the son of Duke Li. At his father's death, Wen's succession was fraught with difficulties. He tells of the help given him by Tai Bo. It allowed Wen to reside in the traditional shed of mourning for his father, and so begin his 45-year rule .
944:
The
Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi. Zheng Wanjun was a member of the Xingyang Zheng. Other Xingyang Zheng descendants were Zheng Yuzhong (Zheng Qiao) and Zheng Jiong.
868:
During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, its territory became of pivotal interest in the rivalry of more powerful states. Zheng was often compelled to switch its diplomatic alliances. It had become a focus of contention between
3835:. SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 255–256 (the author's description of this conversation) and pp. 261–264 (its transcription and translation).
764:, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding
4626:
831:
701–697, 680–673) and deposed Zhao to install him. Li, however, later failed to wrest control from Zhai Zhong and was pushed into exiled. After a few years Duke
Zhengzi Ying (
280:
255:
750:, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state
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As competition between states intensified, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states.
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of the era. Zichan was a grandson of Duke Mu. Zheng was also widely recognized as the first state of China to publish its laws, in bronze in 536 BCE.
632:. It was the most powerful of the vassal states at the beginning of the Eastern Zhou (771–701 BCE), and was the first state to clearly establish a
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1086:
2147:
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4269:
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4000:"One Name, Three Monks: Two Northern Chan Masters Emerge from the Shadow of their Contemporary, the Tiantai Master Zhanran (711–782)"
545:
754:
and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations.
849:. At times during the rule of Duke Wen, the affairs of Zheng fell under the influence of this powerful state to the south, Chu.
51:
838:
694–680), Li's younger brother, became the nominal ruler of Zheng, until he was assassinated. Duke Li then returned to rule.
3982:
3955:
3898:
845:
Yet Tai Bo criticized Duke Wen for his seeking the ease of domestic pleasure. The Duke's principle consort Lady Mi came from
3859:
for Lady Mi: Duke Xi, 22 (638 BCE), i.e., Legge (1983), p.183: "the ladies Me and Këang, wives of Wǎn, the earl of Ch'ing" .
637:
884:
Notwithstanding, Zheng remained quite strong into the middle and later years of the Spring and Autumn. Under Duke Mu (
4054:
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3840:
3745:
3714:
3870:
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713:
against a rival, thereby helping to establish the
Eastern Zhou. He re-established the state of Zheng in modern-day
917:
Zheng later declined, due to disorders from conflicts among as its feuding clans. In 375 BCE during the following
4611:
4199:
595:
455:
324:
17:
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3885:. Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 4: China, volume 25/3-4. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 2232–2234.
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768:. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state.
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743:
670:) Duke of Zheng and granted him lands within the royal domain in the eponymous Zheng in modern-day
4027:
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770–744) moved Zheng state east. Its neighboring states acknowledged Zheng as a paramount power.
225:
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918:
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This bamboo manuscript records a conversation about Zheng history between Duke Wen of Zheng (
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613:
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701, 697–695) took his place. Yet the powerful Zhai Zhong favored his younger son Duke Li (
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8:
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3883:
Ancient and Early
Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four
3824:
1583:
969:
786:
729:. The Zheng rulers served as high ministers of the Zhou kings for several generations.
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678:, established what would be the last bastion of Western Zhou. He went on to serve as
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1726:
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664:, the penultimate king of the Western Zhou, made his younger brother Prince You (
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A Chinese word on image: Zheng Qiao (1104–1162) and his thought on images
3947:
Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: the Many Lives of Fazang (643-712)
900:
870:
846:
726:
633:
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538:
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89:
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The landscape of words: stone inscriptions from early and medieval China
696:
in 771 BC, Duke Huan was killed along with his nephew King You of Zhou.
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881:. By the 7th century BCE Zheng found itself forced into a minor role.
874:
747:
434:
427:
318:(top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
4209:
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640:, making them a branch of the Zhou royal house, who held the rank of
448:
742:
The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the
620:(1046–221 BCE) located in the centre of ancient China in modern-day
785:
672–628 BCE) and the elderly Tai Bo. Zheng state's beginning under
751:
714:
689:
469:
78:
674:
on the Wei River east of Xi'an. Prince You, known posthumously as
4429:
693:
629:
507:
103:
4004:
The
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
4010:(1). International Association of Buddhist Studies: 42, 39, 90.
3660:
3123:
910:(543–522) became widely known as a leading statesman among the
907:
99:
4229:
4224:
3810:
Hsu Cho-yun, "The Spring and Autumn period", pp. 551-552, in
3684:申不害, future Prime Minister of Han and "Legalist" philosopher.
718:
636:
in its late period of 543 BCE. Its ruling house had the
529:
515:
4561:
4404:
586:
583:
628:
about 75 miles (121 km) east of the royal capital at
580:
3923:. University of Washington Press. pp. 103, 117–118.
796:
806–771) is recalled by Tai Bo. Duke Huan's son Duke Wu (
746:. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state,
550:
488:
474:
460:
4627:
States and territories established in the 9th century BC
4028:"Another Royal Tomb of 'King Zheng' Discovered in Henan"
814:
743–701) furthered Zheng state's position of dominance.
439:
3977:. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. pp. 31, 266.
891:) Zheng managed to defeat a combined alliance of Jin,
415:
401:
387:
373:
3765:
3913:
4598:
3781:
3779:
941:kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng.
3855:Shaughnessy (2023) refers to an episode in the
817:When Duke Zhuang died his elder son Duke Zhao (
760:(743–701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the
27:Zhou dynasty Chinese vassal state (806–375 BC)
4055:
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700:
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56:Map of states in Zhou dynasty including Zheng
771:
699:Duke Huan was succeeded by his son Duke Wu (
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732:
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50:
4657:4th-century BC disestablishments in China
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3728:
3726:
3937:
3785:
3695:
856:
3768:The Multi-state System of Ancient China
3754:
14:
4632:9th-century BC establishments in China
4617:States of the Spring and Autumn period
4599:
4025:
3970:
3964:
3763:
3723:
3663:, celebrated philosopher and statesman
490:
417:
4043:
3827:(2023). "10: The Tsinghua Manuscript
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2007:
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3997:
3943:
4622:States of the Warring States period
3709:. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
3704:
652:), a kinship term meaning "elder".
24:
4018:
3812:Cambridge History of Ancient China
3738:The Origins of Statecraft in China
1254:Duke Cheng of Zheng (second reign)
737:
25:
4673:
1054:Duke Zhao of Zheng (second reign)
948:
660:Zheng was founded in 806 BC when
576:
308:
278:
253:
206:• Conquest of the State of
3991:
3788:"The Regional State of Zheng 鄭"
3786:Theobald, Ulrich (2018-11-01).
3740:. University of Chicago Press.
1269:Duke Xi of Zheng (second reign)
1103:Duke Li of Zheng (second reign)
886:
861:Chinese states, 5th century BCE
852:
833:
826:
819:
809:
798:
791:
780:
692:tribes sacked the Zhou capital
551:
530:
516:
489:
475:
461:
440:
3862:
3849:
3817:
3804:
3764:Walker, Richard Lewis (1953).
3671:
701:
599:
416:
402:
388:
374:
344:
330:
13:
1:
3881:& Chang, Taiping (eds.).
3688:
933:The Zheng family of Xingyang
655:
3869:Knechtges, David R. (2014).
7:
3707:An Outline History of China
928:
721:, and annexed the state of
10:
4678:
3944:Chen Jinhua (2007-05-11).
3829:*Zheng Wen Gong wen Tai Bo
3675:), exemplary woman of the
4504:
4456:
4447:
4172:
4086:
4077:
3891:10.1163/9789004271852_004
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2250:
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2244:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1660:
1658:
963:
960:
957:
773:Zheng Wen Gong wen Tai Bo
666:
648:
565:
544:
537:
523:
506:
499:
482:
468:
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113:
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85:
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49:
44:
32:
3871:"Zheng Xi 鄭羲 (426–492),
744:Spring and Autumn period
733:Spring and Autumn period
325:Traditional Chinese
3655:Other people from Zheng
937:claim descent from the
906:Zheng's prime minister
339:Simplified Chinese
4612:Ancient Chinese states
4071:Ancient Chinese states
3950:. Brill. p. 146.
3825:Shaughnessy, Edward L.
862:
4026:Li Yan (2002-09-19).
921:Zheng was annexed by
919:Warring States period
877:, then later Chu and
860:
717:(meaning New Zheng),
638:ancestral name Ji (姬)
86:Common languages
4647:History of Zhengzhou
3998:Chen Jinhua (1999).
3772:. Shoe String Press.
1892:Duke Zhuang of Zheng
1004:Duke Zhuang of Zheng
758:Duke Zhuang of Zheng
709:, Duke Wu supported
616:in China during the
546:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
274:Han (Warring States)
154:Duke Zhuang of Zheng
3879:Knechtges, David R.
3833:Writing Early China
3705:Bai Shouyi (2002).
3436:Duke Sheng of Zheng
3249:570–565 BC – 530 BC
3076:Duke Cheng of Zheng
2872:Duke Xiang of Zheng
1900:757–743 BC – 701 BC
1336:Duke Sheng of Zheng
1204:Duke Cheng of Zheng
1170:Duke Xiang of Zheng
672:Hua County, Shaanxi
3564:Duke Kang of Zheng
3453:Duke Gong of Zheng
3367:Duke Xian of Zheng
3304:Duke Ding of Zheng
3241:Duke Jian of Zheng
3059:Prince Xu of Zheng
2855:Duke Ling of Zheng
2106:Duke Zhao of Zheng
1584:Duke Huan of Zheng
1439:Rulers family tree
1421:Duke Kang of Zheng
1370:Duke Gong of Zheng
1319:Duke Xian of Zheng
1302:Duke Ding of Zheng
1285:Duke Jian of Zheng
1221:Prince Xu of Zheng
1153:Duke Ling of Zheng
1021:Duke Zhao of Zheng
970:Duke Huan of Zheng
863:
707:Marquis Wen of Jin
676:Duke Huan of Zheng
166:Duke Kang of Zheng
161:• 395–375 BC
149:• 743–701 BC
142:Duke Huan of Zheng
137:• 806–771 BC
4662:Former monarchies
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4443:
4442:
3984:978-91-7346-607-3
3957:978-90-474-2000-2
3915:Robert E. Harrist
3900:978-90-04-27185-2
3734:Creel, Herrlee G.
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3574:
3557:
3547:Duke You of Zheng
3540:
3463:
3446:
3377:
3314:
3251:
3188:
3086:
3069:
3052:
3042:Duke Dao of Zheng
2882:
2865:
2574:
2341:
2331:Duke Wen of Zheng
2175:
2158:
2141:
2120:
1902:
1737:
1594:
1436:
1435:
1387:Duke You of Zheng
1187:Duke Dao of Zheng
1119:Duke Wen of Zheng
766:King Huan of Zhou
711:King Ping of Zhou
662:King Xuan of Zhou
626:North China Plain
569:
568:
561:
560:
456:Yale Romanization
362:Standard Mandarin
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
266:
265:
193:granting land to
191:King Xuan of Zhou
16:(Redirected from
4669:
4642:History of Henan
4454:
4453:
4084:
4083:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4012:
4011:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3866:
3860:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3821:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3761:
3752:
3751:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3702:
3674:
3673:
3633:
3627:Duke Xu of Zheng
3570:
3553:
3536:
3530:Duke Ai of Zheng
3459:
3442:
3373:
3310:
3247:
3184:
3178:Duke Xi of Zheng
3082:
3065:
3048:
2878:
2861:
2570:
2564:Duke Mu of Zheng
2337:
2171:
2154:
2133:
2127:Duke Li of Zheng
2112:
1898:
1733:
1727:Duke Wu of Zheng
1590:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1404:Duke Xu of Zheng
1353:Duke Ai of Zheng
1238:Duke Xi of Zheng
1136:Duke Mu of Zheng
1038:Duke Li of Zheng
987:Duke Wu of Zheng
955:
954:
890:
888:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
813:
811:
802:
800:
795:
793:
784:
782:
704:
703:
686:King You of Zhou
669:
668:
651:
650:
610:
601:
593:
592:
589:
588:
585:
582:
557:
556:
555:
533:
532:
519:
518:
495:
494:
493:
478:
477:
464:
463:
443:
442:
422:
421:
420:
405:
404:
391:
390:
377:
376:
353:
352:
347:
346:
333:
332:
312:
296:
295:
282:
281:
270:
269:
257:
256:
250:
249:
234:
233:
108:ancestor worship
54:
39:
30:
29:
21:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4586:
4500:
4439:
4168:
4073:
4068:
4038:
4021:
4019:Further reading
4016:
4015:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3971:Han Si (2008).
3969:
3965:
3958:
3942:
3938:
3931:
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3901:
3867:
3863:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3794:
3792:China Knowledge
3784:
3777:
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3731:
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994:
989:
977:
972:
951:
931:
885:
855:
832:
825:
818:
808:
797:
790:
779:
776:
740:
738:Early dominance
735:
658:
612:) was a vassal
579:
575:
383:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
319:
279:
254:
210:
197:
162:
150:
138:
77:
57:
40:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4675:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4637:9th century BC
4634:
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4609:
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4451:
4449:Warring States
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4088:
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4075:
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4067:
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4059:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4032:People's Daily
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
3990:
3983:
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3500:
3498:
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3426:
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3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
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3398:
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3349:
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3344:
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3341:
3339:
3337:
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3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3300:
3298:
3296:
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3288:
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3280:
3278:
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3270:
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3266:
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3262:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3237:
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3231:
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3227:
3225:
3223:
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3211:
3209:
3207:
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3201:
3199:
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3134:
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3126:
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3000:
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1568:
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1507:
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1501:
1499:
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1491:
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1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1000:
999:
996:
991:
983:
982:
979:
974:
966:
965:
962:
959:
950:
949:List of rulers
947:
930:
927:
889: 628–606
854:
851:
775:
770:
739:
736:
734:
731:
705:). Along with
657:
654:
622:Henan Province
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
548:
542:
541:
535:
534:
527:
521:
520:
513:
504:
503:
497:
496:
486:
480:
479:
472:
466:
465:
458:
452:
451:
449:Yue: Cantonese
445:
444:
437:
431:
430:
424:
423:
413:
407:
406:
399:
393:
392:
385:
379:
378:
371:
365:
364:
358:
357:
356:Transcriptions
349:
348:
341:
335:
334:
327:
321:
320:
313:
305:
304:
301:
300:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
276:
267:
264:
263:
258:
246:
245:
240:
230:
229:
223:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
205:
202:
201:
198:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
148:
145:
144:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
36:
34:State of Zheng
33:
26:
18:State of Zheng
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4674:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:Zheng (state)
4605:
4604:
4602:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3930:9780295987286
3926:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3858:
3852:
3844:
3842:9781438495224
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3760:
3758:
3749:
3747:0-226-12043-0
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3718:
3716:7-119-02347-0
3712:
3708:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3652:
3642:
3636:
3629:
3628:
3607:
3605:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3549:
3548:
3539:
3532:
3531:
3518:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3424:
3421:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3347:
3345:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3284:
3282:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3221:
3219:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3158:
3156:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3085:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3015:
3014:
2967:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2843:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2662:
2660:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2507:
2504:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2484:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2402:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2165:Zheng-zi Ying
2157:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2054:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1916:
1914:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1832:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1667:
1665:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1585:
1524:
1522:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:Zheng-zi Ying
1085:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
985:
984:
980:
975:
971:
968:
967:
956:
953:
946:
942:
940:
936:
926:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
904:
903:in 607 BCE.
902:
898:
894:
882:
880:
876:
872:
866:
859:
850:
848:
843:
839:
815:
806:
788:
774:
769:
767:
763:
762:Five Hegemons
759:
755:
753:
749:
745:
730:
728:
725:and defeated
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
663:
653:
645:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
605:
597:
591:
573:
564:
549:
547:
543:
540:
536:
528:
526:
522:
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
498:
492:
487:
485:
481:
473:
471:
467:
459:
457:
453:
450:
446:
438:
436:
432:
429:
425:
419:
414:
412:
408:
400:
398:
394:
386:
384:
380:
372:
370:
366:
363:
359:
354:
350:
342:
340:
336:
328:
326:
322:
317:
311:
306:
302:
297:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
262:
259:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
203:
199:
196:
192:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
158:
155:
152:
146:
143:
140:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
53:
48:
45:806 BC–375 BC
43:
31:
19:
4571:
4552:Western Zhou
4527:Eastern Zhou
4505:Minor states
4458:Seven states
4173:Minor states
4163:
4087:Major states
4079:Zhou dynasty
4031:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3973:
3966:
3946:
3939:
3919:
3909:
3882:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3811:
3806:
3795:. Retrieved
3791:
3767:
3737:
3706:
3650:
3634:
3625:
3571:
3562:
3554:
3545:
3537:
3528:
3460:
3451:
3443:
3434:
3374:
3365:
3311:
3302:
3248:
3239:
3185:
3176:
3083:
3074:
3066:
3057:
3049:
3040:
2879:
2870:
2862:
2853:
2571:
2562:
2338:
2329:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2148:Zheng-zi Wei
2146:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2104:
1907:Gongshu Duan
1899:
1890:
1734:
1725:
1591:
1582:
1446:Zheng state
1070:Zheng-zi Wei
952:
943:
939:Zhou dynasty
932:
916:
912:rival states
905:
883:
867:
864:
853:Later period
844:
840:
816:
777:
772:
756:
741:
698:
679:
659:
641:
618:Zhou dynasty
607:
571:
570:
501:Southern Min
369:Hanyu Pinyin
261:Zhou dynasty
243:Succeeded by
242:
237:
228:; Spade coin
226:Chinese coin
4220:Western Guo
4215:Eastern Guo
3677:Lienü zhuan
1432:395–375 BC
1415:422–396 BC
1381:455–424 BC
1364:462–455 BC
1347:500–463 BC
1330:513–501 BC
1313:529–514 BC
1296:565–530 BC
1279:570–566 BC
1264:581–571 BC
1215:584–581 BC
1198:586–585 BC
1181:604–587 BC
1147:627–606 BC
1130:672–628 BC
1113:679–673 BC
1098:693–680 BC
1064:696–695 BC
1049:700–697 BC
1015:743–701 BC
998:770–744 BC
981:806–771 BC
961:Given name
805:Duke Zhuang
723:Eastern Guo
688:. When the
634:code of law
604:Old Chinese
539:Old Chinese
316:seal script
314:"Zheng" in
238:Preceded by
90:Old Chinese
4601:Categories
4034:. Beijing.
3875:Youlin 幼麟"
3797:2021-09-23
3689:References
3682:Shen Buhai
3635:422–396 BC
3572:395–375 BC
3538:462–455 BC
3461:455–424 BC
3444:500–463 BC
3375:513–501 BC
3312:529–514 BC
3186:570–566 BC
3084:584–571 BC
3050:586–585 BC
2880:604–587 BC
2339:672–628 BC
2173:693–680 BC
2139:679–673 BC
2118:696–695 BC
1735:770–744 BC
1592:806–771 BC
656:Foundation
435:Suzhounese
397:Wade–Giles
195:Prince You
114:Government
4577:Zhongshan
4425:Zhongshan
3857:Zuo Zhuan
3667:Zheng Mao
2572:627–606BC
847:Chu state
787:Duke Huan
96:Religion
4240:Han (SE)
4235:Han (NW)
3917:(2008).
3736:(1970).
1519:Seven Mu
929:Xingyang
752:commerce
715:Xinzheng
690:Quanrong
470:Jyutping
222:Currency
117:Monarchy
79:Xinzheng
4430:Zhoulai
4420:Zhongli
3814:(1999).
2135:700–697
1398:423 BC
1249:581 BC
1232:581 BC
1164:605 BC
1081:694 BC
1032:701 BC
1010:Wùshēng
925:state.
836:
829:
822:
812:
801:
794:
783:
694:Haojing
630:Luoyang
624:on the
596:Chinese
508:Hokkien
189:•
176:History
104:Animism
70:Capital
4652:375 BC
3981:
3954:
3927:
3897:
3839:
3744:
3713:
3661:Zichan
3555:423 BC
3124:Zichan
3067:581 BC
2863:605 BC
2156:694 BC
964:Reign
958:Title
908:Zichan
684:under
609:reng-s
598::
525:Tâi-lô
213:375 BC
200:806 BC
179:
127:
100:Taoism
62:Status
4572:Zheng
4285:Liang
4250:Huang
4230:Guzhu
4225:Gumie
4164:Zheng
3877:. In
1342:Shèng
993:Juétú
719:Henan
614:state
572:Zheng
554:reŋ-s
462:Jehng
403:Chêng
375:Zhèng
299:Zheng
74:Zheng
65:Duchy
4562:Yiqu
4547:Teng
4542:Song
4496:Zhao
4415:Zeng
4405:Yiqu
4400:Ying
4395:Yang
4380:Xing
4375:Xian
4365:Teng
4360:Tang
4345:Shěn
4340:Shēn
4325:Quan
4310:Peng
4290:Liao
4205:Deng
4190:Chao
4139:Song
4104:Chen
3979:ISBN
3952:ISBN
3925:ISBN
3895:ISBN
3837:ISBN
3742:ISBN
3711:ISBN
1376:Chǒu
1308:Níng
1176:Jiān
1093:Yīng
935:荥阳郑氏
899:and
897:Chen
893:Song
873:and
727:Kuai
681:Situ
531:Tēnn
476:Zeng
389:Jenq
123:Duke
81:(新鄭)
4582:Zou
4567:Yue
4557:Wey
4537:Shu
4522:Dai
4517:Cai
4491:Yan
4486:Wei
4481:Qin
4471:Han
4466:Chu
4435:Zou
4355:Tan
4350:Sui
4335:Ruo
4330:Rui
4300:Luo
4280:Lai
4270:Jia
4255:Huo
4245:Hua
4200:Dai
4195:Dao
4185:Bei
4159:Yue
4154:Yan
4144:Wey
4134:Shu
4129:Qin
4114:Jin
4109:Chu
4099:Cao
4094:Cai
3887:doi
3831:".
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