9139:
loan elements into Hindi/Urdu, in practice it is often difficult to separate these strands from one another. The Arabic (and also Turkic) lexemes borrowed into Hindi frequently were mediated through
Persian, as a result of which a thorough intertwining of Persian and Arabic elements took place, as manifest by such phenomena as hybrid compounds and compound words. Moreover, although the dominant trajectory of lexical borrowing was from Arabic into Persian, and thence into Hindi/Urdu, examples can be found of words that in origin are actually Persian loanwords into both Arabic and Hindi/Urdu.
620:
487:
1627:(2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, the English language shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before such commencement: Provided that the President may, during the said period, by order authorise the use of the Hindi language in addition to the English language and of the Devanagari form of numerals in addition to the international form of Indian numerals for any of the official purposes of the Union.
6397:
359:
15031:
14872:
407:
347:
15014:
431:
473:
443:
419:
395:
14860:
14884:
383:
14912:
1806:, was elected vice-president of Nepal. He took his oath of office in Hindi in July 2008. This created protests in the streets for 5 days; students burnt his effigies, and there was a general strike in 22 districts. Nepal Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that his oath in Hindi was invalid and he was kept "inactive" as vice-president. An "angry" Jha said, "I cannot be compelled to take the oath now in Nepali. I might rather take it in English."
14980:
371:
14997:
14963:
14946:
14848:
330:
14929:
636:
7637:... more words of Sanskrit origin but 75% of the vocabulary is common. It is also admitted that while this language is known as Hindustani, ... Muslims call it Urdu and the Hindus call it Hindi. ... Urdu is a national language evolved through years of Hindu and Muslim cultural contact and, as stated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, is essentially an Indian language and has no place outside.
71:
7565:
Khanqah (Sufi school of thought) were situated along the Yamuna river (also called Jamuna). Thus, it came to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, with the word "tehzeeb" meaning culture. More than communal harmony, its most beautiful by-product was "Hindustani" which later gave us the Hindi and Urdu languages.
7085:
High Hindi written in
Devanagari, having identical grammar with Urdu, employing the native Hindi or Hindustani (Prakrit) elements to the fullest, but for words of high culture, going to Sanskrit. Hindustani proper that represents the basic Khari Boli with vocabulary holding a balance between Urdu and
9138:
forms from
Sanskrit. The Persian and Arabic lexical elements in Hindi result from the effects of centuries of Islamic administrative rule over much of north India in the centuries before the establishment of British rule in India. Although it is conventional to differentiate among Persian and Arabic
7801:
Hindustani - term referring to common colloquial base of HINDI and URDU and to its function as lingua franca over much of India, much in vogue during
Independence movement as expression of national unity; after Partition in 1947 and subsequent linguistic polarization it fell into disfavor; census of
8920:
In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million
Afghans—mostly Pashtun—fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the
1826:
must promote and ensure respect for Hindi along with other languages. According to a doctoral dissertation by Rajend
Mesthrie in 1985, although Hindi and other Indian languages have existed in South Africa for the last 125 years, there are no academic studies of any of them – of their use in South
1660:) led to the passage of the Official Languages Act of 1963, which provided for the continued use of English indefinitely for all official purposes, although the constitutional directive for the Union Government to encourage the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced its policies.
1642:
It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India and to secure its enrichment by assimilating without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and
7564:
The "Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb" is one such instance of the composite culture that marks various regions of the country. Prevalent in the North, particularly in the central plains, it is born of the union between the Hindu and Muslim cultures. Most of the temples were lined along the Ganges and the
9133:
The primary sources of non-IA loans into MSH are Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, Turkic and
English. Conversational registers of Hindi/Urdu (not to mentioned formal registers of Urdu) employ large numbers of Persian and Arabic loanwords, although in Sanskritized registers many of these words are
1666:
stipulates that the official language commission shall be constituted every ten years to recommend steps for the progressive use of Hindi language and impose restrictions on the use of the
English language by the union government. In practice, the official language commissions are constantly
7136:
The linguistic and cultural ties between
Sanskrit and Urdu are deeply rooted and significant, said Ishtiaque Ahmed, registrar, Maula Azad National Urdu University during a two-day workshop titled "Introduction to Sanskrit for Urdu medium students". Ahmed said a substantial portion of Urdu's
7802:
1951 registered an enormous decline (86–98 per cent) in no. of persons declaring it their mother tongue (the majority of HINDI speakers and many URDU speakers had done so in previous censuses); trend continued in subsequent censuses: only 11,053 returned it in 1971...mostly from S India; .
7770:
During the time of
British rule, Hindi (in its religiously neutral, 'Hindustani' variety) increasingly came to be the symbol of national unity over against the English of the foreign oppressor. And Hindustani was learned widely throughout India, even in Bengal and the Dravidian south. ...
1647:
It was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the Union Government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351), with state governments being free to function in the language of their own choice. However, widespread resistance to the
1583:
7771:
Independence had been accompanied by the division of former British India into two countries, Pakistan and India. The former had been established as a Muslim state and had made Urdu, the Muslim variety of Hindi–Urdu or Hindustani, its national language.
1984:, Hindi and Urdu are two registers of the same language and are mutually intelligible. Both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary of native Prakrit and Sanskrit-derived words. However, Hindi is written in the Devanagari script and contains more direct
1995:
script and uses more Arabic and Persian loanwords compared to Hindi. Because of this, as well as the fact that the two registers share an identical grammar, a consensus of linguists consider them to be two standardised forms of the same language,
8010:
1602:
who even debated in Parliament on this issue. As such, on the 50th birthday of Beohar Rajendra Simha on 14 September 1949, the efforts came to fruition following the adoption of Hindi as the official language. Now, it is celebrated as
7051:
The national language of India and Pakistan 'Standard Urdu' is mutually intelligible with 'Standard Hindi' because both languages share the same Indic base and are all but indistinguishable in phonology and grammar (Lust et al.
1565:
script, by the Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education and Culture to bring about uniformity in writing, to improve the shape of some Devanagari characters, and introducing diacritics to express sounds from other
1643:
expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
1737:
Although there is no specification of a national language in the constitution, it is a widely held belief that Hindi is the national language of India. This is often a source of friction and contentious debate. In 2010, the
1620:
Part XVII of the Indian Constitution deals with the official language of the Indian Union. Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union have been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English:
7615:
Persian became the court language, and many Persian words crept into popular usage. The composite culture of northern India, known as the Ganga Jamuni tehzeeb was a product of the interaction between Hindu society and
7197:
The position of Hindi-Urdu among the languages of the world is anomalous. The number of its proficient speakers, over three hundred million, places it in third of fourth place after Mandarin, English, and perhaps
9753:
1018:
in the world, after Mandarin, Spanish and English. If counted together with the mutually intelligible Urdu, it is the third most-spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. According to reports of
7104:
In terms of cross-linguistic relations, Urdu's combinations of Arabic-Persian orthography and Sanskrit linguistic roots provides interesting theoretical as well as practical comparisons demonstrated in table
9229:
8014:
6937:
9101:
Urdu is closely related to Hindi, a language that originated and developed in the Indian subcontinent. They share the same Indic base and are so similar in phonology and grammar that they appear to be one
6206:
Anucchēd 1 (ēk): Sabhī manuṣya janma sē svatantra tathā maryādā aur adhikārō̃ mē̃ samān hōtē haĩ. Vē tark aur vivēk sē sampanna haĩ tathā unhē̃ bhrātr̥tva kī bhāvanā sē paraspar kē pratī kārya karnā cāhiē.
5449:, Persian became the primary administrative language in the Hindi heartland. Persian borrowings reached a heyday in the 17th century, pervading all aspects of life. Even grammatical constructs, namely the
10199:
7538:
Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106–134.
7683:
It might be useful to recall here that Old Hindi or Hindavi, which was a naturally Persian- mixed language in the largest measure, has played this role before, as we have seen, for five or six centuries.
7593:
But with the establishment of Muslim rule in Delhi, it was the Old Hindi of this area which came to form the major partner with Persian. This variety of Hindi is called Khari Boli, 'the upright speech'.
7218:
1542:
accepted Hindi as its sole official language, replacing Urdu, and thus became the first state of India to adopt Hindi. However, in 2014, Urdu was accorded second official language status in the state.
967:). Outside India, several other languages are recognised officially as "Hindi" but do not refer to the Standard Hindi language described here and instead descend from other nearby languages, such as
8505:
8371:
6151:
have all been disseminated via the internet. In 2015, Google reported a 94% increase in Hindi-content consumption year-on-year, adding that 21% of users in India prefer content in Hindi. Many Hindi
1625:(1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals.
13408:
5505:
The emergence of Modern Standard Hindi in the 19th century went along with the Sanskritisation of its vocabulary, leading to a marginalisation of Persian vocabulary in Hindi, which continued after
6959:
11152:
9052:
11017:
14261:
9735:
6898:
6184:अनुच्छेद १(एक): सभी मनुष्य जन्म से स्वतन्त्र तथा मर्यादा और अधिकारों में समान होते हैं। वे तर्क और विवेक से सम्पन्न हैं तथा उन्हें भ्रातृत्व की भावना से परस्पर के प्रति कार्य करना चाहिए।
6767:
850:
7301:
6231:
All humans birth from independent and dignity and rights in equal are. They logic and conscience from endowed are and they fraternity in the spirit of each other towards work should.
13304:
6088:, who played a major role in establishing Standard Hindi in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love.
6704:
Urdu, like Hindi, was a standardized register of the Hindustani language deriving from the Delhi dialect and emerged in the eighteenth century under the rule of the late Mughals.
6243:
All humans are born independent and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with logic and conscience and they should work towards each other in the spirit of fraternity.
14256:
5096:) words: These are words which are spelled the same in Hindi as in Sanskrit (except for the absence of final case inflections). They include words inherited from Sanskrit via
8959:
1024:
8136:
8835:
7548:
9749:
5386:
words sometimes creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in Hindustani, causing difficulties in pronunciation.
8541:
5235:) words: These are words that were not borrowings from non-indigenous languages but do not derive from attested Indo-Aryan words either. Belonging to this category are
6823:
6792:
5367:
borrowings, especially in technical and academic fields. The formal Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been replaced by
7824:
The everyday speech of well over 50,000,000 persons of all communities in the north of India and in West Pakistan is the expression of a common language, Hindustani.
9195:
6945:
13403:
6868:
8413:
14601:
14329:
11004:
8160:
6295:
9177:
8335:
7347:
7117:
6743:
Two forms of the same language, Nagarai Hindi and Persianized Hindi (Urdu) had identical grammar, shared common words and roots, and employed different scripts.
1718:
in blocks and sub-divisions with more than 10% of the population speaking Hindi. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of official language in the following
8858:
7210:
1554:
Standardisation of grammar: In 1954, the Government of India set up a committee to prepare a grammar of Hindi; The committee's report was released in 1958 as
6131:
is the post-modernist period of Hindi literature, marked by a questioning of early trends that copied the West as well as the excessive ornamentation of the
6562:
14514:
13429:
13326:
8491:
8361:
14268:
14204:
13215:
8783:
9842:
7158:
1187:
is commonly used to specifically refer the modern literary Hindi language, as opposed to colloquial and regional varieties that are also referred to as
9056:
6970:
6368:
13321:
1839:. As a result of this status, the Indian workforce in UAE can file their complaints to the labour courts in the country in their own mother-tongue.
14334:
11324:
9731:
6846:
6279:
7500:
7321:
6890:
1893:, who speak Urdu, which, like Hindi, is a standard register of the Hindustani language; additionally, Indian media are widely viewed in Pakistan.
14310:
13396:
8394:
15106:
11357:
7858:
The Hindi film industry used the most popular street level version of Hindi, namely Hindustani, which included a lot of Urdu and Persian words.
5149:) words: Such words are typically earlier loanwords from Sanskrit which have undergone sound changes subsequent to being borrowed. (e.g. Hindi
1935:, where it is natively spoken at home and among their own Hindustani-speaking communities. Outside India, Hindi speakers are 8 million in
1015:
635:
7281:
6759:
6619:
15096:
14181:
13868:
6284:
857:
5393:, new words are coined using Sanskrit components to be used as replacements for supposedly foreign vocabulary. Usually these neologisms are
1923:
which hails from, or has its origin from the "Hindi Belt" of India. A substantially large North Indian diaspora lives in countries like the
14273:
13434:
10725:
10676:
1538:.In the late 19th century, a movement to further develop Hindi as a standardised form of Hindustani separate from Urdu took form. In 1881,
14734:
13832:
13331:
8656:
6649:
6580:
6300:
5070:
8891:
8312:
8241:
7259:
14519:
14278:
13827:
8209:
6061:
in 1888, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in Hindi prose literature was
14176:
13341:
8263:
7890:
Spoken Hindi is akin to spoken Urdu, and that language is often called Hindustani. Bollywood's screenplays are written in Hindustani.
3470:
1575:
15111:
13311:
6419:
5131:
word could be the Sanskrit non-inflected word-stem, or it could be the nominative singular form in the Sanskrit nominal declension.
1731:
14344:
14149:
13997:
13992:
13858:
13373:
13368:
13336:
10693:
10249:
6274:
1429:, and continues to be spoken as the common language of the people of the northern Indian subcontinent, which is reflected in the
953:
945:
8843:
5127:, "prayer"). Pronunciation, however, conforms to Hindi norms and may differ from that of classical Sanskrit. Amongst nouns, the
1409:, evolving into the present form of Hindustani. Hindi achieved prominence in India after it became the official language of the
959:
Hindi is also spoken, to a lesser extent, in other parts of India (usually in a simplified or pidginised variety such as Bazaar
14502:
13700:
13363:
13294:
10281:
8132:
6915:
2071:
9414:
in Urdu, which is typically not represented or pronounced in Hindi, except when the Urdu variant is transliterated into Hindi.
6609:
Singh, Rajendra, and Rama Kant Agnihotri. Hindi morphology: A word-based description. Vol. 9. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1997.
2070:
and is written from left to right. Unlike Sanskrit, Devanagari is not entirely phonetic for Hindi, especially failing to mark
15061:
14596:
14305:
13980:
13863:
13757:
13358:
13202:
13193:
11319:
10078:
10057:
10018:
9997:
9970:
9946:
9925:
9894:
9855:
9791:
9126:
9094:
8527:
8306:
7936:
7883:
7851:
7794:
7763:
7706:
7676:
7586:
7439:
7190:
7078:
7044:
6736:
6697:
6493:
6170:
4632:
6815:
6784:
15081:
14608:
14339:
10520:
8608:
8630:
8185:
5405:"television", literally "far-sight" have even gained some currency in formal Hindi in the place of the English borrowings
15091:
14900:
14495:
13853:
10515:
10254:
8439:
7610:
6966:
6258:
4157:
3019:
2025:
1657:
9538:
that is surrounded on both sides by schwas. Usually, the second schwa becomes silent, which results in an preceding an
8578:
6876:
14485:
13837:
11350:
10510:
9985:
8686:
7903:
4826:
1663:
1631:
1393:, which covered most of today's north India, eastern Pakistan, southern Nepal and Bangladesh and which resulted in the
831:
132:: 345 million speakers of Hindi and various related languages who reported their language as 'Hindi' (2011 census)
8712:
8150:
2005:
14239:
13668:
13663:
13250:
12886:
10236:
10119:
9821:
9676:
9643:
9618:
9593:
9263:
8818:
8116:
8087:
8056:
7985:
7735:
7632:
7481:
7412:
7353:
6453:
6428:
6110:
8464:
14630:
14445:
14166:
13673:
13391:
13299:
13289:
13268:
10669:
9027:
8985:
7182:
6289:
3921:
3759:
1823:
8868:
1742:
clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such.
14547:
14465:
14430:
14199:
13893:
10558:
10535:
6653:
6212:
6065:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Literary, or
5006:
4441:
4358:
2560:
2148:
1410:
8298:
Language Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India: An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of Minorities in India
7725:
2122:
comments, Palakodety et al., identified that 52% of comments were in Romanised Hindi, 46% in English, and 1% in
1667:
endeavouring to promote Hindi but not imposing restrictions on English in official use by the union government.
14524:
14249:
14171:
11756:
10625:
10167:
Academic Room Hindi Dictionary Mobile App developed in the Harvard Innovation Lab (iOS, Android and Blackberry)
9513:/ is in an onglide position between an onset consonant and a following vowel while , which may phonetically be
5187:) words: These are native Hindi words derived from Sanskrit after undergoing phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit
4537:
4489:
4111:
746:
17:
8947:
Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.
1007:, another recognised register of Hindustani, as both Hindi and Urdu share a core vocabulary base derived from
610:
15076:
14317:
13633:
13346:
12538:
11573:
11343:
9990:
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
9861:
8738:
7155:
4299:
3712:
2370:
1571:
529:
8934:
5521:
written in the Devanagari script. Many words borrowed from Persian in turn were loanwords from Arabic (e.g.
580:
547:
15066:
14935:
12509:
12329:
12175:
11492:
11309:
10630:
9827:
9516:
8269:. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from
4728:
4393:
3610:
2017:
1819:
1426:
843:
672:
644:
307:
167:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9485:
9481:
15086:
15071:
13942:
13072:
13040:
12896:
11304:
10662:
9312:
9256:
A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition: Hindi-Hindustani Grammar, Grammarians, History and Problems
7713:"During the period of Mughal Empire, Hindi was used as an additional official language" (Kansal 1991:48).
6534:
6361:
6077:
and others. The rising numbers of newspapers and magazines made Hindustani popular with educated people.
4778:
4680:
4014:
2001:
1727:
929:
503:
14918:
6838:
1468:
words. Modern Hindi became a literary language in the 19th century. Earliest examples could be found as
14838:
14672:
13439:
12606:
10620:
10530:
10274:
9810:
7508:
6689:
5832:
Many Hindustani words were derived from Portuguese due to interaction with colonists and missionaries:
3251:
2880:
2096:
as its official system of writing Hindi in the Latin script. Various other systems also exist, such as
2083:
1968:
904:
755:
9706:
7819:
14618:
14507:
14450:
13695:
13241:
13186:
13045:
12746:
12720:
12159:
12043:
9514:
9318:
9310:
9302:
9294:
7214:
6070:
5509:
when the Indian government co-opted the policy of Sanskritisation. However, many Persian words (e.g.
5379:(pure Hindi), and is viewed as a more prestigious dialect over other more colloquial forms of Hindi.
4253:
4204:
2093:
1779:
1495:
1083:
508:
6396:
5075:
Traditionally, Hindi words are divided into five principal categories according to their etymology:
14591:
14490:
14455:
14244:
13714:
13553:
12941:
11702:
11314:
10338:
9668:
9320:
9296:
7552:
7148:
Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
6627:
5340:
4873:
3805:
3344:
2802:
2464:
1924:
1236:
826:
604:
15020:
1943:; 450,170 in Mauritius; 380,000 in Fiji; 250,292 in South Africa; 150,000 in Suriname; 100,000 in
273:
15101:
14986:
14089:
13950:
13638:
10574:
9807:
8760:
8079:
6305:
6074:
5823:क़मीज़ ultimately comes from the Latin "camisia" pronunciation reinforced by Portuguese "camisa".
5316:
2926:
2183:
300:
172:
152:
89:
42:
7843:
7837:
2067:
1582:. To this end, several stalwarts rallied and lobbied pan-India in favour of Hindi, most notably
926:
14952:
14715:
14705:
14586:
14574:
14534:
14440:
14290:
13463:
13444:
13424:
13149:
13018:
12294:
12088:
11905:
11440:
10870:
10579:
10446:
10423:
10375:
9230:"Decision to make Urdu second official language in Bihar provokes furore from Maithil Brahmins"
7928:
6414:
6085:
3158:
2759:
1778:
as per the 1997 Constitution of Fiji, where it referred to it as "Hindustani"; however, in the
1000:
775:
157:
31:
10045:
9981:
9457:
Mainly phonemes of Urdu. Hindi speakers may replace , , , and with , , , and respectively.
8664:
7784:
7137:
vocabulary and cultural capital, as well as its syntactic structure, is derived from Sanskrit.
6657:
6588:
14794:
14769:
14764:
14224:
13767:
13623:
13449:
13263:
12819:
12632:
12118:
12083:
12078:
11917:
11900:
11420:
10748:
10730:
10605:
10542:
10267:
9304:
9151:
8904:
8296:
8233:
3518:
3391:
3111:
3065:
2277:
1587:
1579:
1430:
1203:
821:
798:
114:
10600:
9781:
9660:
8264:"Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)"
7429:
2063:
1915:(people having roots in north-India but having migrated to Nepal over hundreds of years) of
15037:
14710:
14667:
14569:
14460:
14229:
14046:
13179:
13107:
13082:
12951:
12921:
12778:
12558:
12548:
12358:
11937:
11366:
11227:
11122:
10473:
10441:
10353:
10323:
8537:
7150:
6058:
6052:
5240:
5066:
5021:
2606:
1972:
1928:
1836:
1595:
1394:
1063:
984:
812:
679:
491:
486:
162:
8270:
5517:"self") have remained entrenched in Standard Hindi, and a larger amount are still used in
8:
14720:
14107:
13777:
13316:
13154:
12961:
12682:
12667:
12599:
12573:
12563:
12488:
12205:
11995:
11922:
11895:
11647:
11477:
11172:
10398:
10358:
10333:
10306:
9661:
8899:
8863:
7651:
Literature, Language, and Nation Formation: The Story of a Modern Hindi Journal 1900–1920
7036:
5426:
5278:
4065:
3967:
3875:
3298:
2973:
2089:
1997:
1649:
1635:
1527:
1499:
1422:
1232:
The sound changes that characterised the transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi are:
1139:"of or belonging to the Hindu/Indian people") was often used in the past, for example by
1079:
992:
960:
933:
896:
793:
652:
223:
177:
8216:
8029:
14888:
14784:
14657:
14652:
13904:
13599:
13351:
12966:
12879:
12844:
12616:
12134:
11869:
11559:
11487:
11482:
11127:
11087:
10980:
10685:
10301:
8496:
8155:
7921:
7122:
6938:"रिपब्लिक ऑफ फीजी का संविधान (Constitution of the Republic of Fiji, the Hindi version)"
6507:
6269:
6118:
5506:
5332:
5265:
from non-indigenous languages. The most frequent source languages in this category are
5197:
5039:
3204:
1976:
1802:, and further by 1,225,950 people as a second language. A Hindi proponent, Indian-born
1739:
1531:
1218:
1039:
952:
and an additional official language in three other states. Hindi is also one of the 22
784:
619:
289:
208:
9469:
Mainly phonemes of Hindi. Urdu speakers usually replace and with and respectively.
9424:
5118:, "name", as well as forms borrowed directly from Sanskrit in more modern times (e.g.
596:
14700:
14695:
14662:
14613:
14562:
14557:
14552:
14064:
14054:
13747:
13604:
13159:
12973:
12642:
12611:
12589:
12553:
12395:
12353:
12258:
12200:
11965:
11887:
11882:
11791:
11712:
11692:
11614:
11539:
11456:
11389:
11282:
11077:
11062:
11057:
10965:
10865:
10783:
10773:
10758:
10738:
10502:
10403:
10393:
10232:
10216:
10208:
10115:
10074:
10053:
10014:
9993:
9966:
9942:
9921:
9890:
9851:
9817:
9787:
9672:
9639:
9614:
9589:
9259:
9203:
9122:
9090:
8814:
8732:
8302:
8112:
8083:
8052:
7981:
7932:
7879:
7847:
7790:
7759:
7751:
7731:
7702:
7672:
7582:
7477:
7435:
7408:
7232:
7186:
7074:
7040:
6923:
6732:
6693:
6535:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions"
6511:
6499:
6489:
6449:
6424:
6106:
5456:
The status of Persian language then and thus its influence, is also visible in Hindi
4585:
1886:, Hindi emerged as a lingua franca among locals who speak over 50 dialects natively.
1883:
1799:
1759:
1719:
1711:
1448:
and the surrounding region, which came to replace earlier prestige languages such as
1425:. The Hindustani vernacular became an expression of Indian national unity during the
1055:
1051:
1043:
972:
900:
892:
13003:
12989:
10158:
9884:
9353:
to most English speakers although the dental and are used in place of the English
8105:
1222:
213:
14864:
14690:
14682:
14398:
14386:
14374:
14112:
14102:
14059:
13495:
13273:
13077:
13067:
13013:
12946:
12849:
12824:
12814:
12793:
12788:
12763:
12702:
12594:
12568:
12531:
12526:
12480:
12426:
12379:
12338:
12289:
12234:
12195:
12144:
12063:
12033:
11980:
11970:
11828:
11823:
11815:
11801:
11751:
11707:
11619:
11425:
11374:
11237:
11107:
11092:
11072:
11052:
11032:
10950:
10915:
10905:
10824:
10814:
10799:
10778:
10743:
10595:
10525:
10436:
10388:
10348:
10316:
9732:"Stop outraging over Marathi – Hindi and English chauvinism is much worse in India"
9370:
9356:
9342:
9328:
9086:
7380:
7004:
6481:
6480:, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 7–9,
6331:
6084:("Age of Dwivedi") in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after
6062:
5987:
5422:
5320:
5308:
5274:
5266:
4240:
2749:
2500:
1859:), as well as an official language of the Government of India, along with English.
1771:
1763:
1683:
1670:
At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following Indian states:
1485:
1457:
1406:
1132:
1059:
912:
803:
765:
760:
695:
387:
10204:
7376:
6335:
6325:
4983:
4943:
4896:
4849:
4801:
4751:
4703:
4655:
4608:
4560:
4512:
4464:
4416:
4322:
4276:
4227:
4180:
4134:
4088:
4037:
3990:
3944:
3898:
3828:
3782:
3735:
3698:
3670:
3633:
3589:
3541:
3493:
3452:
3414:
3367:
3321:
3274:
3227:
3181:
3134:
3088:
3042:
2996:
2949:
2903:
2863:
2825:
2782:
2723:
2676:
2629:
2583:
2536:
2487:
2440:
2393:
2346:
2300:
2253:
2206:
2000:
or Hindi-Urdu. Hindi is the most commonly used scheduled language in India and is
1904:, can also speak and understand Hindi-Urdu due to the popularity and influence of
1550:
After independence, the Government of India instituted the following conventions:
1213:
Like other Indo-Aryan languages, Hindi is a direct descendant of an early form of
624:
Distribution of L1 self-reported speakers of Hindi in India as per the 2011 Census
14647:
14639:
14579:
14354:
14234:
14097:
14079:
13922:
13912:
13742:
13643:
13548:
13525:
13500:
13258:
13122:
12956:
12911:
12798:
12768:
12725:
12677:
12637:
12543:
12493:
12464:
12442:
12374:
12284:
12244:
12210:
12154:
12149:
12108:
12093:
12073:
12068:
12058:
12048:
12038:
12010:
12000:
11990:
11985:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11927:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11796:
11717:
11642:
11598:
11554:
11549:
11534:
11529:
11472:
11435:
11430:
11287:
11252:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11182:
11177:
11167:
11142:
11117:
11112:
11027:
10990:
10985:
10975:
10935:
10925:
10920:
10895:
10880:
10839:
10829:
10804:
10793:
10465:
10431:
10408:
10172:
10008:
9960:
9936:
9915:
9911:
9831:
9583:
8501:
8073:
8046:
7975:
7696:
7655:...Hindustani, Rekhta, and Urdu as later names of the old Hindi (a.k.a. Hindavi).
7402:
7176:
7162:
7030:
6995:
Richard K. Barz (8 May 2007). "The cultural significance of Hindi in Mauritius".
6722:
6683:
6473:
6034:
6030:
5442:
5390:
2111:
1920:
1863:
1803:
1767:
1755:
1599:
1449:
1390:
1095:
1047:
1032:
968:
949:
770:
711:
144:
134:
10147:
8600:
6485:
15056:
14876:
14122:
14074:
13917:
13587:
13560:
13505:
13132:
12874:
12783:
12715:
12710:
12692:
12672:
12459:
12452:
12421:
12315:
12263:
12103:
12098:
12053:
12028:
12020:
11975:
11945:
11912:
11763:
11672:
11637:
11629:
11593:
11544:
11410:
11267:
11257:
11247:
11242:
11217:
11192:
11187:
11102:
11082:
11067:
11047:
11037:
10970:
10955:
10940:
10930:
10900:
10834:
10753:
10715:
10610:
10311:
10068:
9880:
9693:
One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India
9484:
can surface as a trill in word-initial and syllable-final positions. Geminate
8634:
8192:
6114:
6091:
In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as
5992:
Hindi literature is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being
4999:
2037:
1852:
1691:
1282:
1214:
1028:
411:
246:
129:
7008:
1271:
Formation of nasalised long vowels from nasal consonants (-VNC- > -V̄̃C-):
15050:
14117:
13927:
13752:
13577:
13565:
13520:
13515:
13117:
12773:
12687:
12662:
12447:
11786:
11687:
11277:
11272:
11262:
11232:
11222:
11197:
11132:
10960:
10945:
10875:
10809:
10483:
10343:
10220:
9838:
9207:
8568:
7875:
7549:"Women of the Indian Sub-Continent: Makings of a Culture – Rekhta Foundation"
7264:
6503:
6015:
5446:
5236:
4379:
3566:
2653:
2513:
2417:
2323:
2230:
2169:
2021:
1940:
1867:
1848:
1699:
1591:
1578:
replacing the previous usage of Hindustani in the Perso-Arabic script in the
1503:
1441:
964:
917:
700:
573:
435:
10641:
8960:"Hindi most spoken Indian language in US, Telugu speakers up 86% in 8 years"
8753:
7282:"Hindi Added 100Mn Speakers In A Decade; Kashmiri 2nd Fast Growing Language"
7069:
Chatterji, Suniti Kumar; Siṃha, Udaẏa Nārāẏana; Padikkal, Shivarama (1997).
6045:, but to a degree also in Delhavi, the basis for Standard Hindi. During the
14871:
14852:
14415:
14322:
14127:
13932:
13800:
13592:
13530:
13510:
13112:
11877:
11162:
10615:
10478:
9956:
9410:
6472:
Palakodety, Shriphani; KhudaBukhsh, Ashiqur R.; Jayachandran, Guha (2021),
6033:
and the composition of long, epic poems. It was primarily written in other
4920:
2700:
1992:
1815:
1675:
1535:
1140:
689:
684:
478:
363:
279:
10035:
Shapiro, Michael C. (2001). "Hindi". In Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (eds.).
9053:"Hindi and Urdu are classified as literary registers of the same language"
8234:"The Official Languages Act, 1963 (as Amended, 1967) (Act No. 19 of 1963)"
6384:
564:
14789:
14410:
14405:
13960:
13653:
13570:
13226:
13206:
12190:
12005:
11508:
10885:
10383:
10010:
English Heart, Hindi Heartland: the Political Life of Literature in India
9382:
8366:
7302:"Hindi fastest growing language in India, finds 100 million new speakers"
6869:"PART A Languages specified in the Eighth Schedule (Scheduled Languages)"
6263:
6046:
6042:
5518:
5441:) and so Persian was simply an intermediary for Arabic. Later, under the
1981:
1948:
1897:
1715:
1703:
1653:
1169:
922:
447:
9019:
8977:
8011:"Bihar: The language tussle – Indiascope News – Issue Date: Jul 31, 19…"
7816:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11
7607:
The Politics of Secularism: Medieval Indian Historiography and the Sufis
7455:
6204:
5429:. Early borrowings, beginning in the mid-12th century, were specific to
13965:
13480:
13171:
12299:
12268:
12239:
11335:
10890:
10451:
10328:
8573:
7581:. Urdu Markaz; Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies.
6389:
6253:
6164:
6093:
5397:
of English words already adopted into spoken Hindi. Some terms such as
4374:
2164:
2123:
2053:
1856:
1783:
1562:
1510:) by British colonists and indigenous people. He compiled and authored
1489:
1414:
1188:
976:
716:
255:
110:
76:
8133:"हिन्दी दिवस विशेष: इनके प्रयास से मिला था हिन्दी को राजभाषा का दर्जा"
7872:
The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan
7322:"Hindi grew rapidly in non-Hindi states even without official mandate"
6362:"Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2011"
14809:
14799:
14779:
14393:
14381:
14369:
13970:
13089:
12998:
12978:
11667:
11662:
11394:
10788:
10654:
10413:
8532:
6916:"Sequence of events with reference to official language of the Union"
6728:
6324:
Urdu transliteration. The Hindi variant is usually written as एतबार (
6192:
6152:
6148:
5368:
5331:
Hindi has naturally inherited a large portion of its vocabulary from
5312:
5262:
4384:
2174:
2141:
2105:
2033:
1956:
1932:
1905:
1695:
1687:
1604:
1473:
1434:
1418:
1104:
937:
589:
557:
539:
521:
423:
399:
218:
8440:"Hindi Isn't India's National Language. Why Does the Myth Continue?"
8072:
Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (12 May 2016).
1786:" as the official language. It is spoken by 380,000 people in Fiji.
14883:
14859:
14804:
14754:
14749:
14744:
14364:
14029:
13485:
13232:
13220:
13127:
12869:
12220:
11682:
11677:
11657:
11415:
10910:
10819:
10488:
9178:"List of Official Languages of Indian States and Union Territories"
5999:
5171:
2115:
2013:
1988:
1912:
1890:
1507:
1465:
1398:
1240:
1155:
988:
705:
283:
267:
15003:
14969:
6169:
The following is a sample text in High Hindi, of Article 1 of the
14774:
14759:
14069:
13955:
13762:
13061:
12932:
12405:
12139:
11652:
11097:
11042:
10768:
7032:
Education, Ethnicity and Equity in the Multilingual Asian Context
6471:
6135:
movement, and by a return to simple language and natural themes.
6101:) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as
6003:
5457:
5363:
Much of Standard Hindi's vocabulary is borrowed from Sanskrit as
5343:
of vowels preceding consonant clusters in Prakrit, e.g. Sanskrit
5097:
5080:
2119:
2059:
1952:
1875:
1707:
1679:
1523:
1402:
1008:
999:. Apart from the script and formal vocabulary, standard Hindi is
722:
375:
30:
This article is about Modern Standard Hindi. For other uses, see
10037:
An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present
9917:
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esparanto. Vol.1
7100:
Primary Language Impact on Second Language and Literacy Learning
1931:, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, South Africa, Fiji and
1299:
Collapsing of adjacent vowels (including separated by a hiatus:
14814:
14420:
13785:
13490:
12400:
12249:
12224:
11781:
11773:
11697:
11588:
11513:
10860:
10461:
8755:
A history of the Bhojpuri (or "Hindi") language in South Africa
8414:"70 years on, India is still fighting over a national language"
8362:"Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to list of official languages in"
7352:. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 1514. Archived from
7221:
from the original on 29 July 2017 – via encyclopedia.com.
6038:
6011:
5994:
5450:
5394:
5270:
2101:
1944:
1461:
996:
732:
727:
261:
228:
38:
9750:"Hindi content consumption on internet growing at 94%: Google"
8836:"How Hindi became the language of choice in Arunachal Pradesh"
1794:
Hindi is spoken as a first language by about 77,569 people in
14894:
14819:
13790:
12113:
11137:
10089:
7577:
Matthews, David John; Shackle, C.; Husain, Shahanara (1985).
7064:
7062:
7060:
6144:
5430:
4351:
2041:
2029:
1936:
1916:
1901:
1879:
1835:
Hindi is adopted as the third official court language in the
1795:
1723:
1671:
1539:
1445:
1154:
trace back to Old Persian which derived these names from the
941:
908:
351:
335:
118:
100:
9359:
8892:"Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures"
8048:
Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations
1281:
Loss of unaccented or unstressed short vowels (reflected in
13795:
13582:
12916:
12229:
10844:
9824:
9373:
8492:"There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court"
6563:"Abu Dhabi includes Hindi as third official court language"
2097:
1775:
1751:
1453:
1004:
980:
666:
9403:
9396:
9196:"Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed"
7963:. Karachi, Pakistan.: Oxford University Press. p. 41.
7404:
In the Bazaar of Love: The Selected Poetry of Amir Khusrau
7057:
6753:
6751:
2118:, is the dominant form of Hindi online. In an analysis of
1243:
consonants, sometimes with spontaneous nasalisation: Skt.
13008:
8412:
Choudhury, Sushmita; Sharma, Rajesh (15 September 2021).
8336:"West Bengal to have six more languages for official use"
8027:
7789:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 430 (Appendix I).
7570:
7431:
The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket and Society in India
7118:"Ties between Urdu & Sanskrit deeply rooted: Scholar"
1991:-derived words than Urdu, whereas Urdu is written in the
10259:
7260:"What census data reveals about use of Indian languages"
7098:
Yoon, Bogum; Pratt, Kristen L., eds. (15 January 2023).
6891:"How Hindi travelled to these five countries from India"
6029:
Medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of
70:
6748:
6296:
List of languages by number of native speakers in India
10039:. New England Publishing Associates. pp. 305–309.
9325:(as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like
7068:
1574:
adopted Hindi written in the Devanagari script as the
1464:
words from the Hindustani language and replacing with
1405:
base of Old Hindi became enriched with loanwords from
14836:
9636:
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader
9585:
Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader
9156:
Department of Official Language - Governemtn of India
7730:. Institute of Objective Studies. 1997. p. 138.
7576:
7178:
The Teaching and Acquisition of South Asian Languages
6612:
5820:क़ानून ultimately comes from the Greek κανών (kanōn).
5100:
which have survived without modification (e.g. Hindi
1506:
of northern India (including what is now present-day
10177:(reprint ed.), LONDON: H. Milford, p. 1259
10170:
9345:
9331:
8395:"Hindi the first choice of people in only 12 States"
8215:(in Hindi and English). india.gov.in. Archived from
7142:
6266:– the official day to celebrate Hindi as a language.
5794:
5765:
5736:
5707:
5678:
5649:
5620:
5591:
5562:
5217:, "work") and are spelled differently from Sanskrit.
10231:. Leiden, Netherlands & New YorkY: E.J. Brill.
9783:
Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners
8937:. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations
8071:
7918:
7839:
The media were American: U.S. mass media in decline
5806:
5777:
5748:
5719:
5690:
5661:
5632:
5603:
5574:
5481:
1078:originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the
882:
10198:
10174:A dictionary of Urdū, classical Hindī, and English
10156:
9934:
9112:
9110:
8104:
7920:
7320:Mishra, Mayank; Aggarwal, Piyush (11 April 2022).
6369:Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
8926:
8784:"UAE introduces Hindi as third official language"
8601:"Fiji Hindi alphabet, pronunciation and language"
8563:
8561:
8559:
7961:From Hindi to Urdu A Social and Political History
7750:
7653:. University of California, Berkeley. p. 7.
1774:is spoken in Fiji. It is an official language in
1229:"corrupt"), which emerged in the 7th century CE.
15048:
9992:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–103.
8935:"Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection"
8857:Gandapur, Khalid Amir Khan (19 September 2012).
6724:Hindi Christian Literature in Contemporary India
6716:
6714:
6712:
6569:. 10 February 2019 – via www.thehindu.com.
6280:Indian states by most spoken scheduled languages
5200:
1962:
1919:. Apart from this, Hindi is spoken by the large
1714:. It acts as an additional official language of
27:Standardised variety of Hindustani used in India
14311:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
9107:
9005:
9003:
8811:Chutnefying English: The Phenomenon of Hinglish
8692:. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics. 2014
8411:
6994:
6960:"Caribbean Languages and Caribbean Linguistics"
6642:
1758:(an Eastern Hindi dialect) with influence from
10066:
9613:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 38.
9047:
9045:
8556:
8288:
8202:
8075:The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution
7977:Language, Religion and Politics in North India
7901:
7319:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7018:
6557:
6555:
5188:
5159:
5110:
2058:Hindi is written in the Devanagari script, an
2002:one of the two official languages of the union
1911:Hindi is also spoken by a large population of
1561:Standardisation of the orthography, using the
1163:
13869:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
13187:
11351:
10670:
10646:
10275:
10140:(2004 ed.), Oxford University Press, USA
9658:
9076:
9074:
8932:
8719:. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016
7973:
7598:
7233:"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"
6758:Kawoosa, Vijdan Mohammad (22 November 2018).
6709:
6285:List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin
1827:Africa, their evolution and current decline.
1208:
1086:
851:
10229:A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition
10145:
10048:. In Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.).
9659:Bhatia, Tej K.; Ritchie, William C. (2006).
9000:
8850:
8520:
8483:
8353:
7829:
6467:
6465:
6443:
5789:
5760:
5731:
5702:
5673:
5644:
5615:
5586:
5557:
1842:
1172:. The Greek cognates of the same terms are "
954:scheduled languages of the Republic of India
13833:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
10255:Official Unicode Chart for Devanagari (PDF)
9941:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 120.
9935:Parthasarathy, R.; Kumar, Swargesh (2012).
9707:"9 Hindi words that sound just like Arabic"
9501:
9289:
9287:
9285:
9283:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9152:"THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE UNION"
9116:
9042:
8921:decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.
8151:"Hindi Diwas celebration: How it all began"
7912:
7807:
7669:History Of Printing And Publishing In India
7660:
7168:
7071:Suniti Kumar Chatterji: a centenary tribute
7015:
6677:
6675:
6552:
6375:
6301:List of Sanskrit and Persian roots in Hindi
6182:
6069:, Hindi was popularised by the writings of
5801:
5772:
5743:
5714:
5685:
5656:
5627:
5598:
5569:
5541:Loanwords from Persian derived from Arabic
5468:
5291:
5282:
5250:
5224:
5209:
5176:
5150:
5138:
5119:
5101:
5085:
5071:List of Sanskrit and Persian roots in Hindi
4967:
4927:
4880:
4833:
4785:
4735:
4687:
4639:
4592:
4544:
4496:
4448:
4400:
4306:
4260:
4211:
4164:
4118:
4072:
4021:
3974:
3928:
3882:
3812:
3766:
3719:
3682:
3654:
3617:
3573:
3525:
3477:
3436:
3398:
3351:
3305:
3258:
3211:
3165:
3118:
3072:
3026:
2980:
2933:
2887:
2847:
2809:
2766:
2707:
2660:
2613:
2567:
2520:
2471:
2424:
2377:
2330:
2284:
2237:
2190:
1889:Hindi is quite easy to understand for many
1498:was principally known for his study of the
1126:
1116:
874:
58:
13828:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
13194:
13180:
11358:
11344:
10677:
10663:
10282:
10268:
9633:
9581:
9550:
9548:
9508:
9506:
9477:
9475:
9402:
9395:
9071:
8933:Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013).
8883:
8294:
8180:
8178:
7671:. National Book Trust, India. p. 31.
7541:
7427:
7349:A comprehensive Persian-English dictionary
7299:
7279:
6997:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
6720:
6412:
6049:, Hindustani became the prestige dialect.
4976:
4974:
4936:
4934:
4889:
4887:
4842:
4840:
4794:
4792:
4744:
4742:
4696:
4694:
4648:
4646:
4601:
4599:
4553:
4551:
4505:
4503:
4457:
4455:
4409:
4407:
4315:
4313:
4269:
4267:
4220:
4218:
4173:
4171:
4127:
4125:
4081:
4079:
4030:
4028:
3983:
3981:
3937:
3935:
3891:
3889:
3857:
3821:
3819:
3775:
3773:
3728:
3726:
3691:
3689:
3663:
3661:
3626:
3624:
3582:
3580:
3534:
3532:
3486:
3484:
3445:
3443:
3407:
3405:
3360:
3358:
3314:
3312:
3267:
3265:
3220:
3218:
3174:
3172:
3127:
3125:
3081:
3079:
3035:
3033:
2989:
2987:
2942:
2940:
2896:
2894:
2856:
2854:
2818:
2816:
2775:
2773:
2716:
2714:
2669:
2667:
2622:
2620:
2576:
2574:
2529:
2527:
2480:
2478:
2433:
2431:
2386:
2384:
2339:
2337:
2293:
2291:
2246:
2244:
2199:
2197:
1955:; 26,000 in Trinidad and Tobago; 3,000 in
1947:; 45,800 in the United Kingdom; 20,000 in
1576:official language of the Republic of India
858:
844:
618:
69:
9965:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9465:
9463:
8859:"Has Hindi become our national language?"
7604:
7467:
7465:
7377:"Indo-Persian Literature and Amir Khusro"
7345:
7110:
7097:
6813:
6462:
6380:
6378:
936:, which itself is based primarily on the
13201:
11365:
10135:
10067:Snell, Rupert; Weightman, Simon (1989).
9920:. Oxford University Press. p. 481.
9886:Outline of Hindi grammar: With exercises
9879:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9447:
9445:
9272:
8856:
8751:
7863:
7835:
7744:
7642:
7621:
7421:
7400:
6836:
6672:
6420:Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
5401:"telephone", literally "far-speech" and
1732:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
13859:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
10043:
10034:
9910:
9738:from the original on 19 September 2015.
9704:
9545:
9472:
8808:
8687:"Population Monograph of Nepal, Vol. 2"
8528:"Hindi, not a national language: Court"
8465:"Why Hindi isn't the national language"
8437:
8256:
8175:
8139:from the original on 11 September 2017.
7813:
7666:
7629:Indian Journal of Social Work, Volume 4
7174:
7028:
6910:
6908:
6839:"India's Evolving Linguistic Landscape"
6757:
6529:
6527:
6275:Languages with official status in India
2004:, the other being English. Urdu is the
1908:films, songs and actors in the region.
1882:who speak other languages natively. In
1830:
14:
15049:
10684:
10196:
10105:
10006:
9955:
9938:Bihar Tourism: Retrospect and Prospect
9779:
9752:. The Economic Times. 18 August 2015.
9460:
9253:
9175:
9117:Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007).
9080:
8889:
8710:
8661:Official site of the Fijian Government
8102:
7958:
7782:
7471:
7462:
6901:from the original on 29 December 2022.
6826:from the original on 23 November 2022.
6408:
6406:
5494:What is mirror to a hand with bangles,
5239:words or ones borrowed from local non-
2018:one of 22 scheduled languages of India
1652:on non-native speakers, especially in
1516:A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language
1062:in the fourth place, according to the
13175:
11339:
10658:
10645:
10263:
9979:
9889:(3. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Pr.
9756:from the original on 15 February 2018
9695:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
9608:
9496:
9494:
9442:
9227:
8988:from the original on 11 February 2017
8581:from the original on 11 February 2017
8244:from the original on 16 December 2016
8044:
7927:. Stanford University Press. p.
7495:
7493:
6795:from the original on 16 December 2019
6779:
6777:
6770:from the original on 15 October 2022.
6478:Low Resource Social Media Text Mining
6334:transliterates this term as ए'तिबार (
6171:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5339:words. This process usually involves
88:
15097:Languages written in Brahmic scripts
14901:
10521:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
10160:A practical Hindi-English dictionary
9837:
9780:Bhatia, Tej K. (11 September 2002).
9030:from the original on 1 February 2017
8813:. Penguin Books India. p. 128.
8489:
8163:from the original on 8 February 2017
7869:
7756:Principles of Historical Linguistics
7648:
6952:
6905:
6681:
6524:
6448:. Evincepub publishing. p. 43.
5425:influence, standardised from spoken
1545:
1395:contact of Hindu and Muslim cultures
13854:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
10516:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
10087:
9850:. Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press.
9705:Khalife, Leyal (25 December 2016).
9634:Arnold, David; Robb, Peter (2013).
9582:Arnold, David; Robb, Peter (2013).
8833:
8392:
8359:
8333:
7842:. Oxford University Press. p.
7280:Pallapothu, Sravan (28 June 2018).
6988:
6967:University of the West Indies Press
6814:Saravanan, Depak (9 October 2018).
6785:"How many Indians can you talk to?"
6403:
6259:Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
5790:
5761:
5732:
5703:
5674:
5645:
5616:
5587:
5558:
5255:
5229:
5181:
5143:
5090:
1706:. Hindi is an official language of
1526:of Hindustani was published in the
1136:
1087:
24:
13838:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
10511:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
10190:
10163:, Delhi: National Publishing House
10149:Learners' Hindi-English dictionary
10013:. University of California Press.
9986:International Phonetic Association
9491:
9228:Ahmed, Farzand (17 January 2014).
8508:from the original on 18 March 2014
8374:from the original on 30 March 2018
8315:from the original on 25 April 2016
8301:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 89.
8028:Central Hindi Directorate (2011).
7776:
7758:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 475.
7490:
7401:Losensky, Paul E. (15 July 2013).
7346:Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892).
6830:
6816:"Hindi and the North-South divide"
6774:
6760:"How languages intersect in India"
6474:"Low Resource Machine Translation"
5307:Hindi also makes extensive use of
5032:(placed before stressed syllable)
1610:
1023:(2022, 25th edition) Hindi is the
979:, which has an official status in
25:
15123:
14563:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
13864:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
13669:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
13664:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
10243:
10114:]. Allahabad: Kitab Pustika.
9500:occurs as an allophone of when /
9409:
8633:. servat.unibe.ch. Archived from
8360:Roy, Anirban (28 February 2018).
7905:A PRIMER OF MODERN STANDARD HINDI
7694:
7633:Tata Institute of Social Sciences
7257:
5050:(placed after doubled consonant)
5038:
5020:
4919:
4872:
4825:
4777:
4727:
4679:
4631:
4584:
4536:
4488:
4440:
4392:
4298:
4252:
4203:
4156:
4110:
4064:
4013:
3966:
3920:
3874:
3804:
3758:
3711:
3609:
3565:
3517:
3469:
3390:
3343:
3297:
3250:
3203:
3157:
3110:
3064:
3018:
2972:
2925:
2879:
2801:
2758:
2699:
2652:
2605:
2559:
2512:
2463:
2416:
2369:
2322:
2276:
2229:
2182:
2020:, also having official status in
1814:Hindi is a protected language in
1456:. It was developed by extracting
1016:fourth most-spoken first language
944:and neighbouring areas. It is an
15029:
15012:
14995:
14978:
14961:
14944:
14927:
14910:
14882:
14870:
14858:
14846:
14330:Monuments of National Importance
13064:(unknown further classification)
10207:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
9742:
9724:
9698:
9685:
9652:
9627:
9602:
9575:
9566:
9557:
9524:
9417:
9388:
9369:
9355:
9341:
9327:
9247:
9221:
9188:
9169:
9144:
8631:"Section 4 of Fiji Constitution"
8611:from the original on 8 June 2017
8544:from the original on 4 July 2014
8103:Grewal, J. S. (8 October 1998).
7374:
7183:University of Pennsylvania Press
7102:. Lexington Books. p. 198.
6849:from the original on 1 June 2019
6395:
6318:
6290:List of Hindi channels in Europe
5421:Hindi also features significant
1824:Pan South African Language Board
1512:An English-Hindustani Dictionary
634:
485:
471:
441:
429:
417:
405:
393:
381:
369:
357:
345:
328:
15112:Languages written in Devanagari
14345:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
10559:Department of Official Language
10536:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
10138:Oxford Hindi–English Dictionary
10129:
10052:. Routledge. pp. 250–285.
9772:
9667:. John Wiley and Sons. p.
9293:Hindi and Urdu contrast dental
9012:
8970:
8952:
8827:
8802:
8776:
8745:
8704:
8679:
8649:
8623:
8593:
8490:Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010).
8457:
8431:
8405:
8386:
8327:
8238:Department of Official Language
8226:
8143:
8125:
8096:
8065:
8038:
8031:A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi
8021:
8003:
7994:
7967:
7952:
7895:
7718:
7688:
7611:University of Wisconsin–Madison
7532:
7523:
7448:
7394:
7368:
7339:
7250:
7225:
7203:
7091:
6930:
6920:Department of Official Language
6883:
6861:
6807:
6654:North Carolina State University
5453:, were assimilated into Hindi.
5201:
2077:
1809:
1556:A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi
1492:during the early 19th century.
1440:Standard Hindi is based on the
1257:Loss of all word-final vowels:
1180:" (for the land of the river).
1102:), meaning "of or belonging to
494:(third official court language)
14602:Institutes of higher education
10215:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
10073:(2003 ed.). McGraw-Hill.
9425:"Meaning of etibar in English"
9176:Javaid, Arfa (23 June 2021) .
8713:"Hindi in Nepal – An Analysis"
8111:. Cambridge University Press.
8045:Clyne, Michael (24 May 2012).
8013:. 16 June 2022. Archived from
7649:Mody, Sujata Sudhakar (2008).
7458:. Online Etymology Dictionary.
6603:
6573:
6437:
6354:
6158:
5496:What is Persian to a literate.
1417:. It is recorded that Emperor
1069:
673:Regional or dialectal variants
13:
1:
15107:Subject–object–verb languages
13634:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
13342:Provincial Armed Constabulary
11325:Scheduled languages in states
10171:John Thompson Platts (1884),
9691:King, Christopher R. (1994).
8438:Swaddle, The (12 June 2021).
7476:. John Benjamins Publishing.
7258:R, Aishwaryaa (6 June 2019).
7029:Gube, Jan; Gao, Fang (2019).
6347:
6155:also offer digital editions.
5981:
5827:
5060:
1963:Comparison with Standard Urdu
1572:Constituent Assembly of India
1384:
1038:Hindi is the fastest growing
15062:Central Indo-Aryan languages
14269:Parliamentary constituencies
14205:Community Development Blocks
13701:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
10250:The Union: Official Language
10044:Shapiro, Michael C. (2003).
9663:The Handbook of Bilingualism
8334:Roy, Anirban (27 May 2011).
7919:John Joseph Gumperz (1971).
7428:Mihir Bose (18 April 2006).
7165:for the top dozen languages.
6446:Glimpses of Indian Languages
6336:
6326:
5389:As a part of the process of
4984:
4944:
4897:
4850:
4802:
4752:
4704:
4656:
4609:
4561:
4513:
4465:
4417:
4323:
4277:
4228:
4181:
4135:
4089:
4038:
3991:
3945:
3899:
3829:
3783:
3736:
3699:
3671:
3634:
3590:
3542:
3494:
3453:
3415:
3368:
3322:
3275:
3228:
3182:
3135:
3089:
3043:
2997:
2950:
2904:
2864:
2826:
2783:
2724:
2677:
2630:
2584:
2537:
2488:
2441:
2394:
2347:
2301:
2254:
2207:
2129:
2062:. Devanagari consists of 11
1820:Constitution of South Africa
1427:Indian Independence movement
1108:(India)" (hence, "Indian").
1011:(a descendant of Sanskrit).
7:
15082:Official languages of India
13337:Fire and Emergency Services
10157:Mahendra Caturvedi (1970),
10106:Tiwari, Bholanath (2004) .
9408:is sometimes pronounced as
9020:"United Kingdom- Languages"
8393:Sen, Sumant (4 June 2019).
8295:Benedikter, Thomas (2009).
8186:"The Constitution of India"
8000:Parthasarathy, Kumar, p.120
7980:. iUniverse, Incorporated.
7434:. Routledge. pp. 1–3.
6721:Peter-Dass, Rakesh (2019).
6620:"The Constitution of India"
6486:10.1007/978-981-16-5625-5_5
6444:Gangopadhyay, Avik (2020).
6247:
6205:
6138:
6111:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
5807:
5795:
5778:
5766:
5749:
5737:
5720:
5708:
5691:
5679:
5662:
5650:
5633:
5621:
5604:
5592:
5575:
5563:
5482:
5358:
5261:) words: These include all
1728:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1502:, which was adopted as the
887:), commonly referred to as
883:
10:
15128:
15092:Languages of Uttar Pradesh
9812:Linguistic Survey of India
9611:Aspects of Hindi Phonology
9530:occurs as an allophone of
9394:In a number of words, the
8978:"United States- Languages"
8890:Hakala, Walter N. (2012).
8809:Kothari, Ria, ed. (2011).
7814:Ashmore, Harry S. (1961).
7605:Dhulipala, Venkat (2000).
7300:IndiaSpend (2 July 2018).
6690:Cambridge University Press
6177:Hindi in Devanagari Script
6162:
5985:
5416:
5326:
5064:
4366:Devanagari representation
2156:Devanagari representation
2084:Devanagari transliteration
2081:
2074:in spoken Standard Hindi.
2051:
1966:
1927:, the United Kingdom, the
1570:On 14 September 1949, the
1209:Middle Indo-Aryan to Hindi
1201:
1197:
1058:, in the third place, and
1046:in the second place, with
1025:third most-spoken language
36:
29:
14733:
14681:
14638:
14629:
14619:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
14533:
14478:
14429:
14353:
14335:State Protected Monuments
14298:
14289:
14217:
14192:
14159:
14148:
14088:
14045:
14038:
14017:
14010:
13979:
13941:
13903:
13892:
13885:
13846:
13820:
13813:
13776:
13735:
13726:
13713:
13686:
13652:
13622:
13613:
13539:
13471:
13462:
13417:
13384:
13374:Provincial Forest Service
13369:Provincial Police Service
13359:Public Service Commission
13282:
13249:
13240:
13213:
13141:
13098:
13054:
13031:
12987:
12930:
12904:
12895:
12862:
12837:
12807:
12756:
12745:
12738:
12701:
12655:
12625:
12582:
12519:
12508:
12473:
12435:
12414:
12388:
12367:
12346:
12337:
12328:
12308:
12277:
12183:
12174:
12127:
12019:
11936:
11868:
11861:
11814:
11772:
11744:
11737:
11730:
11628:
11607:
11581:
11572:
11522:
11501:
11465:
11449:
11403:
11382:
11373:
11300:
11151:
11016:
11003:
10853:
10724:
10703:
10692:
10652:
10647:Links to related articles
10588:
10567:
10551:
10501:
10460:
10422:
10374:
10367:
10297:
10289:
9638:. Routledge. p. 82.
9588:. Routledge. p. 79.
9507:
9502:
9309:with apical postalveolar
9081:Kuiper, Kathleen (2010).
8752:Mesthrie, Rajend (1985).
8737:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7923:Language in Social Groups
7836:Tunstall, Jeremy (2008).
7783:Masica, Colin P. (1993).
7727:Language Problem in India
7553:Google Arts & Culture
7505:Central Hindi Directorate
7417:– via Google Books.
7215:Columbia University Press
7009:10.1080/00856408008722995
6585:Central Hindi Directorate
6234:Translation (grammatical)
6183:
6173:(by the United Nations):
6071:Swami Dayananda Saraswati
5802:
5773:
5744:
5715:
5686:
5657:
5628:
5599:
5570:
5485:Paṛhe likhe ko Fārsī kyā.
5472:पढ़े लिखे को फ़ारसी क्या।
5469:
5292:
5283:
5251:
5225:
5210:
5189:
5177:
5160:
5151:
5139:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5086:
4998:
4975:
4968:
4956:
4953:
4935:
4928:
4917:
4888:
4881:
4841:
4834:
4793:
4786:
4743:
4736:
4695:
4688:
4647:
4640:
4600:
4593:
4552:
4545:
4504:
4497:
4456:
4449:
4408:
4401:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4314:
4307:
4268:
4261:
4219:
4212:
4172:
4165:
4126:
4119:
4080:
4073:
4029:
4022:
3982:
3975:
3936:
3929:
3890:
3883:
3840:
3837:
3820:
3813:
3802:
3774:
3767:
3727:
3720:
3690:
3683:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3642:
3625:
3618:
3607:
3581:
3574:
3533:
3526:
3485:
3478:
3444:
3437:
3426:
3406:
3399:
3388:
3359:
3352:
3313:
3306:
3266:
3259:
3219:
3212:
3173:
3166:
3126:
3119:
3080:
3073:
3034:
3027:
2988:
2981:
2941:
2934:
2895:
2888:
2855:
2848:
2837:
2817:
2810:
2799:
2774:
2767:
2715:
2708:
2668:
2661:
2621:
2614:
2575:
2568:
2528:
2521:
2479:
2472:
2432:
2425:
2385:
2378:
2338:
2331:
2292:
2285:
2245:
2238:
2198:
2191:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2094:Hunterian transliteration
2047:
1896:A sizeable population in
1874:for the people living in
1843:Geographical distribution
1780:2013 Constitution of Fiji
1164:
1127:
1117:
975:. Such languages include
948:in nine states and three
875:
617:
603:
587:
571:
555:
537:
519:
514:
509:Central Hindi Directorate
502:
458:
320:Official language in
318:
313:
297:
243:
201:
141:
125:
106:
96:
84:
68:
59:
57:
52:
13409:Leader of the Opposition
13364:Provincial Civil Service
12942:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
10050:The Indo-Aryan Languages
9962:The Indo-Aryan Languages
9786:. Taylor & Francis.
9119:The Indo-Aryan Languages
7786:The Indo-Aryan Languages
7698:Status of Hindi in India
7501:"Brief History of Hindi"
7161:11 November 2012 at the
6837:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh.
6685:The Rhetoric of Hindutva
6423:(2 ed.). Elsevier.
6311:
5976:
5483:Hāth kaṅgan ko ārsī kyā,
5341:compensatory lengthening
2795:Similar to the French R
1941:United States of America
1925:United States of America
1789:
1615:
1488:which were published in
1237:Compensatory lengthening
925:. Hindi is considered a
37:Not to be confused with
14257:Assembly constituencies
13639:North-Western Provinces
13332:Disaster Response Force
10575:World Hindi Secretariat
10227:Bhatia, Tej K. (1987).
10136:McGregor, R.S. (1993),
10007:Sadana, Rashmi (2012).
9980:Ohala, Manjari (1999).
9609:Ohala, Manjari (1983).
9381:for some speakers with
9254:Bhatia, Tej K. (1987).
8788:Business Standard India
8761:University of Cape Town
8107:The Sikhs of the Punjab
8080:Oxford University Press
7820:Encyclopædia Britannica
7667:Kesavan, B. S. (1997).
7472:Kachru, Yamuna (2006).
7175:Gambhir, Vijay (1995).
6306:World Hindi Secretariat
6165:Urdu § Sample text
6075:Bhartendu Harishchandra
5317:phono-semantic matching
5233: "of the country"
5208:, and eventually Hindi
2750:t-glottalizing dialects
1782:, it is simply called "
1745:
1176:" (for the river) and "
1082:. It was borrowed from
1027:in the world including
14609:Awards and decorations
14597:School Education Board
14182:Municipal Corporations
13491:Khasa Janapada kingdom
13150:Indo-Iranian languages
10580:World Hindi Conference
10552:National organizations
10531:Hindi–Urdu controversy
10213:Encyclopaedia of Islam
8657:"Constitution of Fiji"
7974:Paul R. Brass (2005).
7959:RAHMAN, TARIQ (2011).
6682:Basu, Manisha (2017).
6086:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
5470:हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या,
4369:English approximation
3603:no English equivalent
2159:English approximation
1969:Hindi–Urdu controversy
1645:
1629:
776:Hindustani orthography
756:Hindi–Urdu controversy
32:Hindi (disambiguation)
14262:Former constituencies
14240:2016 political crisis
14225:Coolie-Begar movement
12820:Maharashtrian Konkani
10731:Constitution of India
10606:Sahitya Akademi Award
10543:Punjabi Suba movement
10197:Bangha, Imre (2018).
10146:Hardev Bahri (1989),
9825:(searchable database)
9734:. 18 September 2015.
8711:Nalankilli, Thanjai.
8159:. 14 September 2016.
8051:. Walter de Gruyter.
7635:. 1943. p. 264.
7237:Ethnologue (Free All)
7154:. Asterisks mark the
6897:. 14 September 2018.
6121:, are the four major
5290:"fort" from Persian,
5185: "born of that"
5147: "semi-tatsama"
5094: "same as that"
5065:Further information:
1640:
1623:
1588:Hazari Prasad Dwivedi
1584:Beohar Rajendra Simha
1580:British Indian Empire
1536:Roman transliteration
1522:, and many more. His
1520:The Oriental Linguist
1482:Rānī Kētakī Kī Kahānī
1431:Hindustani vocabulary
1389:During the period of
1204:History of Hindustani
1202:Further information:
1185:Modern Standard Hindi
1001:mutually intelligible
987:, which is spoken in
871:Modern Standard Hindi
115:Western Uttar Pradesh
15077:Indo-Aryan languages
14503:Association football
14496:Women's cricket team
13696:Rampur Tiraha firing
13392:Legislative Assembly
13300:Council of Ministers
13230:(summer); judicial:
13108:Andaman Creole Hindi
12539:Bishnupriya Manipuri
12359:Caribbean Hindustani
11367:Indo-Aryan languages
10568:Global organizations
10474:Andaman Creole Hindi
10442:Caribbean Hindustani
10070:Teach Yourself Hindi
9844:Modern Hindi grammar
9083:The Culture of India
8966:. 21 September 2018.
8846:on 11 December 2016.
8834:Chandra, Abhimanyu.
8538:Press Trust of India
8198:on 9 September 2014.
8135:. 8 September 2015.
7902:Michael C. Shapiro.
7870:Hiro, Dilip (2015).
7151:Nationalencyklopedin
6222:Gloss (word-to-word)
6059:Devaki Nandan Khatri
5241:Indo-Aryan languages
5067:Hindustani etymology
1973:Hindustani phonology
1929:United Arab Emirates
1855:(which contains the
1837:Emirate of Abu Dhabi
1831:United Arab Emirates
1596:Maithili Sharan Gupt
1480:of Sadal Misra, and
1444:, the vernacular of
1413:during the reign of
1239:of vowels preceding
1223:Śauraseni Apabhraṃśa
1168:), referring to the
1064:2011 census of India
985:Caribbean Hindustani
893:standardised variety
832:Phonological history
492:United Arab Emirates
481:(protected language)
137:: 260 million (2020)
75:The word "Hindi" in
15067:Hindustani language
14508:Men's football team
14306:World Heritage Site
14274:Rajya Sabha members
13155:Nuristani languages
12887:Mitanni superstrate
11493:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
11153:100,000 – 1 million
10088:Taj, Afroz (2002).
9521:, occurs otherwise.
8900:National Geographic
8864:The Express Tribune
8540:. 25 January 2010.
8222:on 31 January 2012.
7529:Masica, pp. 187–211
7073:. Sahitya Akademi.
7037:Springer Publishing
6976:on 20 December 2016
6948:on 1 November 2013.
6879:on 29 October 2013.
6413:Hindustani (2005).
5542:
5315:) and occasionally
4104:ub (but retroflex)
4058:ub (but retroflex)
2090:Government of India
1870:has developed as a
1818:. According to the
1658:those in Tamil Nadu
1650:imposition of Hindi
1636:Indian constitution
1528:Perso-Arabic script
1500:Hindustani language
1080:Indo-Gangetic Plain
1050:(officially called
993:Trinidad and Tobago
934:Hindustani language
897:Hindustani language
884:Ādhunik Mānak Hindī
653:Hindustani language
460:Recognised minority
15087:Standard languages
15072:Fusional languages
14491:Men's cricket team
14446:Govind Pashu Vihar
14230:Statehood movement
14177:Urban Local Bodies
13600:Anglo-Nepalese War
13481:Uttarakuru kingdom
13041:Proto-Indo-Iranian
12922:Early Ardhamagadhi
11305:Linguistic history
10686:Languages of India
10203:. In Fleet, Kate;
9830:9 May 2023 at the
9816:, Calcutta, 1928,
9488:is always a trill.
8964:The Times of India
8790:. 12 February 2019
8667:on 11 October 2016
8497:The Times of India
8418:The Times of India
8156:The Indian Express
7123:The Times of India
6895:The Indian Express
6650:"About Hindi-Urdu"
6270:Languages of India
6143:Hindi literature,
6119:Sumitranandan Pant
6035:varieties of Hindi
5540:
5333:Shauraseni Prakrit
5198:Shauraseni Prakrit
1977:Hindustani grammar
1866:a pidgin known as
1740:Gujarat High Court
1219:Shauraseni Prakrit
877:आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी
813:Linguistic history
290:Devanagari Braille
209:Shauraseni Prakrit
168:Central Indo-Aryan
14834:
14833:
14828:
14827:
14729:
14728:
14673:Udham Singh Nagar
14614:Uttarakhand Ratna
14558:Char Dham Railway
14553:Char Dham Highway
14474:
14473:
14466:Valley of Flowers
14279:Lok Sabha members
14213:
14212:
14144:
14143:
14140:
14139:
14136:
14135:
14006:
14005:
13881:
13880:
13877:
13876:
13809:
13808:
13748:Garhwal Himalayas
13709:
13708:
13682:
13681:
13605:Treaty of Sugauli
13458:
13457:
13352:Police Department
13347:Forest Department
13169:
13168:
13160:Iranian languages
13027:
13026:
12947:Dramatic Prakrits
12858:
12857:
12833:
12832:
12734:
12733:
12651:
12650:
12607:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
12504:
12503:
12324:
12323:
12170:
12169:
12160:list of languages
11857:
11856:
11810:
11809:
11726:
11725:
11568:
11567:
11333:
11332:
11296:
11295:
10999:
10998:
10639:
10638:
10503:Language politics
10497:
10496:
10152:, Delhi: Rajapala
10091:A door into Hindi
10080:978-0-07-142012-9
10059:978-0-415-77294-5
10020:978-0-520-26957-6
9999:978-0-521-63751-0
9972:978-0-521-29944-2
9948:978-8-180-69799-9
9927:978-0-195-13977-8
9896:978-0-19-870008-1
9857:978-1-931546-06-5
9793:978-1-134-83534-8
9429:Rekhta Dictionary
9202:. 23 March 2022.
9128:978-1-135-79711-9
9096:978-1-61530-149-2
8764:(Doctoral Thesis)
8308:978-3-643-10231-7
7938:978-0-8047-0798-5
7885:978-1-56858-503-1
7853:978-0-19-518146-3
7796:978-0-521-29944-2
7765:978-3-11-012962-5
7752:Hans Henrich Hock
7708:978-93-5018-149-2
7678:978-81-237-2120-0
7588:978-0-907962-30-4
7441:978-1-134-24924-4
7306:Business Standard
7192:978-0-8122-3328-5
7080:978-81-260-0353-2
7046:978-981-13-3125-1
6926:on 2 August 2011.
6738:978-1-00-070224-8
6699:978-1-107-14987-8
6660:on 15 August 2009
6495:978-981-16-5624-8
6393:(27th ed., 2024)
6332:Rekhta Dictionary
6191:Transliteration (
6107:Jaishankar Prasad
5974:
5973:
5817:
5816:
5546:Perso-Arabic word
5503:
5502:
5382:Excessive use of
5375:words, is called
5335:, in the form of
5196:, "deed" becomes
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5048:doubled consonant
4994:
4993:
4344:
4343:
2363:ere (but dental)
2026:Jammu and Kashmir
2006:national language
1939:; 863,077 in the
1884:Arunachal Pradesh
1800:2011 Nepal census
1798:according to the
1720:Union Territories
1546:Independent India
1490:Devanagari script
1437:films and songs.
1247:"hand" > Pkt.
1084:Classical Persian
1040:language of India
950:union territories
946:official language
905:official language
901:Devanagari script
868:
867:
629:
628:
504:Regulated by
90:[ˈɦɪndiː]
16:(Redirected from
15119:
15042:
15034:
15033:
15032:
15025:
15024:from Wikiversity
15017:
15016:
15015:
15008:
15000:
14999:
14998:
14991:
14983:
14982:
14981:
14974:
14966:
14965:
14964:
14957:
14949:
14948:
14947:
14940:
14932:
14931:
14930:
14923:
14915:
14914:
14913:
14903:
14887:
14886:
14875:
14874:
14863:
14862:
14851:
14850:
14849:
14842:
14636:
14635:
14399:Kedarnath Temple
14387:Badrinath Temple
14375:Yamunotri Temple
14296:
14295:
14157:
14156:
14043:
14042:
14015:
14014:
13998:Scheduled Tribes
13993:Scheduled Castes
13985:Scheduled Tribes
13981:Scheduled Castes
13901:
13900:
13890:
13889:
13818:
13817:
13733:
13732:
13724:
13723:
13674:United Provinces
13620:
13619:
13496:Himalaya kingdom
13469:
13468:
13247:
13246:
13196:
13189:
13182:
13173:
13172:
13046:Proto-Indo-Aryan
12902:
12901:
12825:Canarese Konkani
12754:
12753:
12743:
12742:
12517:
12516:
12344:
12343:
12335:
12334:
12181:
12180:
11866:
11865:
11742:
11741:
11735:
11734:
11579:
11578:
11380:
11379:
11360:
11353:
11346:
11337:
11336:
11014:
11013:
10854:State-level only
10701:
10700:
10679:
10672:
10665:
10656:
10655:
10643:
10642:
10526:Hindi imposition
10372:
10371:
10284:
10277:
10270:
10261:
10260:
10224:
10202:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10164:
10153:
10141:
10125:
10102:
10100:
10098:
10084:
10063:
10040:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10003:
9976:
9952:
9931:
9912:Frawley, William
9907:
9905:
9903:
9876:
9874:
9872:
9866:
9860:. Archived from
9849:
9804:
9802:
9800:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9728:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9717:
9702:
9696:
9689:
9683:
9682:
9666:
9656:
9650:
9649:
9631:
9625:
9624:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9579:
9573:
9570:
9564:
9561:
9555:
9552:
9543:
9541:
9537:
9533:
9528:
9522:
9520:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9504:
9498:
9489:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9470:
9467:
9458:
9455:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9421:
9415:
9413:
9407:
9406:
9399:
9392:
9386:
9380:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9352:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9338:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9324:
9316:
9308:
9300:
9291:
9270:
9269:
9251:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9192:
9186:
9185:
9173:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9162:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9114:
9105:
9104:
9087:Rosen Publishing
9078:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9064:
9055:. Archived from
9049:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9016:
9010:
9007:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8974:
8968:
8967:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8944:
8942:
8930:
8924:
8923:
8917:
8915:
8910:on 14 March 2018
8909:
8903:. Archived from
8896:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8867:. Archived from
8854:
8848:
8847:
8842:. Archived from
8831:
8825:
8824:
8806:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8780:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8769:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8736:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8717:Tamiltribune.com
8708:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8691:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8672:
8663:. Archived from
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8605:www.omniglot.com
8597:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8565:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8513:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8476:
8461:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8379:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8268:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8214:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8191:. Archived from
8190:
8182:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8147:
8141:
8140:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8110:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8042:
8036:
8035:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8017:on 16 June 2022.
8007:
8001:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7926:
7916:
7910:
7909:
7899:
7893:
7892:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7748:
7742:
7741:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7561:
7559:
7545:
7539:
7536:
7530:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7507:. Archived from
7497:
7488:
7487:
7469:
7460:
7459:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7381:Delhi University
7372:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7332:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7229:
7223:
7222:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7172:
7166:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7066:
7055:
7054:
7026:
7013:
7012:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6975:
6969:. Archived from
6964:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6944:. Archived from
6934:
6928:
6927:
6922:. Archived from
6912:
6903:
6902:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6875:. Archived from
6865:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6834:
6828:
6827:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6755:
6746:
6745:
6718:
6707:
6706:
6679:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6656:. Archived from
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6626:. Archived from
6616:
6610:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6587:. Archived from
6577:
6571:
6570:
6559:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6531:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6469:
6460:
6459:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6410:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6366:
6358:
6341:
6340:) in Devanagari.
6339:
6329:
6322:
6227:Article 1 (one)
6208:
6186:
6185:
6063:Munshi Premchand
5988:Hindi literature
5835:
5834:
5810:
5805:
5804:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5781:
5776:
5775:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5752:
5747:
5746:
5740:
5735:
5734:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5694:
5689:
5688:
5682:
5677:
5676:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5543:
5539:
5487:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5462:
5309:loan translation
5295:
5294:
5286:
5285:
5260:
5259: "foreign"
5257:
5254:
5253:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5163:
5162:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5042:
5024:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4970:
4951:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4856:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4809:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4762:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4711:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4663:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4635:
4616:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4595:
4588:
4568:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4520:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4472:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4424:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4348:
4347:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4214:
4207:
4188:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4141:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4048:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4024:
4017:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3914:ub (but dental)
3905:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3859:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3789:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3640:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3597:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3501:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3460:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3188:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3095:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3049:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2260:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
1900:, especially in
1764:Bihari languages
1684:Himachal Pradesh
1664:Article 344 (2b)
1486:Insha Allah Khan
1377:"marriage" >
1192:in a wider sense
1167:
1166:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1090:
1089:
886:
880:
879:
878:
860:
853:
846:
766:Hindi literature
761:Persian and Urdu
638:
631:
630:
622:
613:
599:
583:
567:
560:
551:
550:
542:
533:
532:
524:
490:
489:
477:
475:
474:
462:language in
446:
445:
444:
434:
433:
432:
422:
421:
420:
410:
409:
408:
398:
397:
396:
388:Himachal Pradesh
386:
385:
384:
374:
373:
372:
362:
361:
360:
350:
349:
348:
334:
332:
331:
303:
249:
147:
92:
73:
64:
63:
62:
50:
49:
21:
15127:
15126:
15122:
15121:
15120:
15118:
15117:
15116:
15047:
15046:
15045:
15041:from Wikivoyage
15035:
15030:
15028:
15018:
15013:
15011:
15001:
14996:
14994:
14990:from Wikisource
14984:
14979:
14977:
14967:
14962:
14960:
14950:
14945:
14943:
14933:
14928:
14926:
14922:from Wiktionary
14916:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14902:sister projects
14899:at Knowledge's
14893:
14881:
14869:
14857:
14847:
14845:
14837:
14835:
14830:
14829:
14824:
14736:
14725:
14677:
14625:
14580:Kumaoni cuisine
14536:
14529:
14520:Olympic Stadium
14515:Cricket Stadium
14470:
14432:
14425:
14356:
14349:
14285:
14250:Local elections
14235:Chipko movement
14209:
14188:
14151:
14132:
14084:
14034:
14002:
13984:
13982:
13975:
13937:
13895:
13873:
13842:
13805:
13772:
13743:Great Himalayas
13728:
13718:
13716:
13705:
13688:
13678:
13655:
13648:
13644:Agra Presidency
13625:
13615:
13609:
13566:Katyuri dynasty
13549:Garhwal Kingdom
13541:
13535:
13526:Kuninda Kingdom
13501:Parvata kingdom
13486:Paurava kingdom
13473:
13454:
13413:
13380:
13312:Chief Secretary
13278:
13236:
13218:: legislative:
13209:
13200:
13170:
13165:
13164:
13137:
13100:
13094:
13050:
13033:
13023:
12983:
12926:
12912:Ashokan Prakrit
12891:
12854:
12829:
12803:
12748:
12730:
12697:
12647:
12621:
12578:
12511:
12500:
12469:
12431:
12410:
12384:
12363:
12320:
12304:
12273:
12245:Hyderabadi Urdu
12166:
12123:
12015:
11932:
11853:
11806:
11797:Pahari-Pothwari
11768:
11722:
11703:Pahari Kinnauri
11624:
11603:
11564:
11530:Indus Kohistani
11523:Hazara Division
11518:
11497:
11461:
11445:
11399:
11369:
11364:
11334:
11329:
11315:Multilingualism
11292:
11154:
11147:
11019:
11008:
11006:
10995:
10849:
10729:
10720:
10695:
10688:
10683:
10648:
10640:
10635:
10584:
10563:
10547:
10493:
10456:
10418:
10363:
10293:
10288:
10246:
10209:Rowson, Everett
10193:
10191:Further reading
10188:
10180:
10178:
10132:
10122:
10096:
10094:
10081:
10060:
10025:
10023:
10021:
10000:
9973:
9949:
9928:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9870:
9868:
9867:on 26 July 2014
9864:
9858:
9847:
9832:Wayback Machine
9808:Grierson, G. A.
9798:
9796:
9794:
9775:
9770:
9769:
9759:
9757:
9748:
9747:
9743:
9730:
9729:
9725:
9715:
9713:
9703:
9699:
9690:
9686:
9679:
9657:
9653:
9646:
9632:
9628:
9621:
9607:
9603:
9596:
9580:
9576:
9571:
9567:
9562:
9558:
9553:
9546:
9529:
9525:
9499:
9492:
9480:
9473:
9468:
9461:
9456:
9443:
9433:
9431:
9423:
9422:
9418:
9401:
9393:
9389:
9372:
9368:
9358:
9354:
9344:
9340:
9330:
9326:
9292:
9273:
9266:
9252:
9248:
9238:
9236:
9226:
9222:
9212:
9210:
9194:
9193:
9189:
9174:
9170:
9160:
9158:
9150:
9149:
9145:
9129:
9115:
9108:
9097:
9079:
9072:
9062:
9060:
9051:
9050:
9043:
9033:
9031:
9018:
9017:
9013:
9009:Frawley, p. 481
9008:
9001:
8991:
8989:
8976:
8975:
8971:
8958:
8957:
8953:
8940:
8938:
8931:
8927:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8894:
8888:
8884:
8874:
8872:
8871:on 31 July 2019
8855:
8851:
8832:
8828:
8821:
8807:
8803:
8793:
8791:
8782:
8781:
8777:
8767:
8765:
8750:
8746:
8730:
8729:
8722:
8720:
8709:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8684:
8680:
8670:
8668:
8655:
8654:
8650:
8640:
8638:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8614:
8612:
8599:
8598:
8594:
8584:
8582:
8567:
8566:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8511:
8509:
8502:The Times Group
8488:
8484:
8474:
8472:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8448:
8446:
8436:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8410:
8406:
8391:
8387:
8377:
8375:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8332:
8328:
8318:
8316:
8309:
8293:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8232:
8231:
8227:
8219:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8195:
8188:
8184:
8183:
8176:
8166:
8164:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8131:
8130:
8126:
8119:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8070:
8066:
8059:
8043:
8039:
8026:
8022:
8009:
8008:
8004:
7999:
7995:
7988:
7972:
7968:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7917:
7913:
7900:
7896:
7886:
7878:. p. 398.
7868:
7864:
7854:
7834:
7830:
7822:. p. 579.
7812:
7808:
7797:
7781:
7777:
7766:
7749:
7745:
7738:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7665:
7661:
7647:
7643:
7627:
7626:
7622:
7603:
7599:
7589:
7579:Urdu literature
7575:
7571:
7557:
7555:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7537:
7533:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7511:on 6 March 2014
7499:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7470:
7463:
7454:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7426:
7422:
7415:
7399:
7395:
7385:
7383:
7373:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7356:on 21 June 2020
7344:
7340:
7330:
7328:
7317:
7310:
7308:
7297:
7290:
7288:
7277:
7270:
7268:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7193:
7173:
7169:
7163:Wayback Machine
7147:
7143:
7129:
7127:
7126:. 12 March 2024
7116:
7115:
7111:
7096:
7092:
7081:
7067:
7058:
7047:
7027:
7016:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6942:Fiji Government
6936:
6935:
6931:
6914:
6913:
6906:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6873:Census of India
6867:
6866:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6835:
6831:
6812:
6808:
6798:
6796:
6789:Hindustan Times
6783:
6782:
6775:
6764:Hindustan Times
6756:
6749:
6739:
6719:
6710:
6700:
6680:
6673:
6663:
6661:
6648:
6647:
6643:
6633:
6631:
6630:on 2 April 2012
6618:
6617:
6613:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6561:
6560:
6553:
6543:
6541:
6533:
6532:
6525:
6516:
6514:
6496:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6442:
6438:
6431:
6411:
6404:
6394:
6383:
6376:
6371:. 29 June 2018.
6364:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6250:
6211:Transcription (
6167:
6161:
6141:
6037:, particularly
6031:Bhakti movement
5990:
5984:
5979:
5830:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5489:
5484:
5476:
5471:
5443:Delhi Sultanate
5419:
5391:Sanskritisation
5361:
5329:
5281:. Examples are
5258:
5232:
5184:
5146:
5093:
5073:
5063:
5049:
5043:
5031:
5025:
5000:Suprasegmentals
4961:
4924:
4877:
4830:
4782:
4732:
4684:
4636:
4589:
4541:
4493:
4445:
4397:
4303:
4257:
4208:
4161:
4115:
4069:
4018:
3971:
3925:
3879:
3845:think, Spanish
3809:
3763:
3716:
3614:
3570:
3522:
3474:
3395:
3348:
3302:
3255:
3208:
3162:
3115:
3069:
3023:
2977:
2930:
2884:
2806:
2763:
2698:
2657:
2610:
2564:
2517:
2468:
2421:
2374:
2327:
2281:
2234:
2187:
2132:
2112:Romanised Hindi
2086:
2080:
2056:
2050:
1979:
1967:Main articles:
1965:
1921:Indian diaspora
1864:Northeast India
1845:
1833:
1812:
1804:Paramananda Jha
1792:
1756:Awadhi language
1748:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1611:Official status
1600:Seth Govind Das
1548:
1478:Batiyāl Pachīsī
1391:Delhi Sultanate
1387:
1325:"village" >
1225:(from Sanskrit
1211:
1206:
1200:
1143:in his poetry.
1098:pronunciation:
1096:Iranian Persian
1072:
1033:second language
876:
864:
771:Urdu literature
739:
738:
721:
710:
694:
625:
609:
595:
579:
576:
563:
556:
546:
545:
538:
528:
527:
520:
498:
497:
484:
472:
470:
463:
461:
454:
442:
440:
430:
428:
418:
416:
406:
404:
394:
392:
382:
380:
370:
368:
358:
356:
346:
344:
329:
327:
321:
314:Official status
304:
299:
250:
245:
239:
204:
197:
148:
145:Language family
143:
133:
80:
60:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15125:
15115:
15114:
15109:
15104:
15102:Lingua francas
15099:
15094:
15089:
15084:
15079:
15074:
15069:
15064:
15059:
15044:
15043:
15026:
15009:
15007:from Wikibooks
14992:
14975:
14973:from Wikiquote
14958:
14941:
14924:
14895:
14892:
14891:
14879:
14867:
14855:
14832:
14831:
14826:
14825:
14823:
14822:
14817:
14812:
14807:
14802:
14797:
14792:
14787:
14782:
14777:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14757:
14752:
14747:
14741:
14739:
14731:
14730:
14727:
14726:
14724:
14723:
14718:
14713:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14693:
14687:
14685:
14679:
14678:
14676:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14644:
14642:
14633:
14627:
14626:
14624:
14623:
14622:
14621:
14616:
14606:
14605:
14604:
14599:
14589:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14572:
14567:
14566:
14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14541:
14539:
14531:
14530:
14528:
14527:
14525:Sports College
14522:
14517:
14512:
14511:
14510:
14500:
14499:
14498:
14493:
14482:
14480:
14476:
14475:
14472:
14471:
14469:
14468:
14463:
14458:
14453:
14448:
14443:
14437:
14435:
14427:
14426:
14424:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14408:
14403:
14402:
14401:
14391:
14390:
14389:
14379:
14378:
14377:
14367:
14361:
14359:
14351:
14350:
14348:
14347:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14327:
14326:
14325:
14318:Ramsar Wetland
14315:
14314:
14313:
14302:
14300:
14293:
14287:
14286:
14284:
14283:
14282:
14281:
14276:
14266:
14265:
14264:
14254:
14253:
14252:
14242:
14237:
14232:
14227:
14221:
14219:
14215:
14214:
14211:
14210:
14208:
14207:
14202:
14196:
14194:
14190:
14189:
14187:
14186:
14185:
14184:
14174:
14169:
14163:
14161:
14154:
14150:Administrative
14146:
14145:
14142:
14141:
14138:
14137:
14134:
14133:
14131:
14130:
14125:
14120:
14115:
14110:
14105:
14100:
14094:
14092:
14086:
14085:
14083:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14057:
14051:
14049:
14040:
14036:
14035:
14033:
14032:
14027:
14021:
14019:
14012:
14008:
14007:
14004:
14003:
14001:
14000:
13995:
13989:
13987:
13977:
13976:
13974:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13958:
13953:
13947:
13945:
13943:Tibeto-Burmans
13939:
13938:
13936:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13915:
13909:
13907:
13898:
13887:
13883:
13882:
13879:
13878:
13875:
13874:
13872:
13871:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13850:
13848:
13844:
13843:
13841:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13824:
13822:
13815:
13811:
13810:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13782:
13780:
13774:
13773:
13771:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13758:Mountain peaks
13755:
13750:
13745:
13739:
13737:
13730:
13721:
13711:
13710:
13707:
13706:
13704:
13703:
13698:
13692:
13690:
13684:
13683:
13680:
13679:
13677:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13660:
13658:
13650:
13649:
13647:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13630:
13628:
13617:
13611:
13610:
13608:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13596:
13595:
13588:Gorkha Kingdom
13585:
13580:
13575:
13574:
13573:
13568:
13561:Kumaon Kingdom
13558:
13557:
13556:
13554:Panwar dynasty
13545:
13543:
13537:
13536:
13534:
13533:
13528:
13523:
13518:
13513:
13508:
13506:Kirata kingdom
13503:
13498:
13493:
13488:
13483:
13477:
13475:
13466:
13460:
13459:
13456:
13455:
13453:
13452:
13447:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13421:
13419:
13415:
13414:
13412:
13411:
13406:
13401:
13400:
13399:
13388:
13386:
13382:
13381:
13379:
13378:
13377:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13356:
13355:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13308:
13307:
13297:
13295:Chief Minister
13292:
13286:
13284:
13280:
13279:
13277:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13255:
13253:
13244:
13238:
13237:
13216:State capitals
13214:
13211:
13210:
13199:
13198:
13191:
13184:
13176:
13167:
13166:
13163:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13143:
13142:
13139:
13138:
13136:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13104:
13102:
13096:
13095:
13093:
13092:
13087:
13086:
13085:
13080:
13070:
13065:
13058:
13056:
13052:
13051:
13049:
13048:
13043:
13037:
13035:
13029:
13028:
13025:
13024:
13022:
13021:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12995:
12993:
12985:
12984:
12982:
12981:
12976:
12971:
12970:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12944:
12938:
12936:
12928:
12927:
12925:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12908:
12906:
12899:
12893:
12892:
12890:
12889:
12884:
12883:
12882:
12877:
12866:
12864:
12860:
12859:
12856:
12855:
12853:
12852:
12847:
12841:
12839:
12835:
12834:
12831:
12830:
12828:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12811:
12809:
12805:
12804:
12802:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12760:
12758:
12751:
12740:
12736:
12735:
12732:
12731:
12729:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12707:
12705:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12659:
12657:
12653:
12652:
12649:
12648:
12646:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12629:
12627:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12603:
12602:
12597:
12586:
12584:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12535:
12534:
12523:
12521:
12514:
12506:
12505:
12502:
12501:
12499:
12498:
12497:
12496:
12491:
12483:
12477:
12475:
12471:
12470:
12468:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12456:
12455:
12450:
12439:
12437:
12433:
12432:
12430:
12429:
12424:
12418:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12409:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12392:
12390:
12386:
12385:
12383:
12382:
12377:
12371:
12369:
12365:
12364:
12362:
12361:
12356:
12350:
12348:
12341:
12332:
12326:
12325:
12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12312:
12310:
12306:
12305:
12303:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12281:
12279:
12275:
12274:
12272:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12227:
12218:
12213:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12187:
12185:
12178:
12172:
12171:
12168:
12167:
12165:
12164:
12163:
12162:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12131:
12129:
12125:
12124:
12122:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12025:
12023:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11942:
11940:
11934:
11933:
11931:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11913:Lisan ud-Dawat
11910:
11909:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11874:
11872:
11863:
11859:
11858:
11855:
11854:
11852:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11820:
11818:
11812:
11811:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11778:
11776:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11766:
11761:
11760:
11759:
11748:
11746:
11739:
11732:
11728:
11727:
11724:
11723:
11721:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11634:
11632:
11626:
11625:
11623:
11622:
11617:
11611:
11609:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11585:
11583:
11576:
11570:
11569:
11566:
11565:
11563:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11537:
11532:
11526:
11524:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11516:
11511:
11505:
11503:
11499:
11498:
11496:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11469:
11467:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11459:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11400:
11398:
11397:
11392:
11386:
11384:
11377:
11371:
11370:
11363:
11362:
11355:
11348:
11340:
11331:
11330:
11328:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11301:
11298:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11149:
11148:
11146:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11024:
11022:
11018:Over 1 million
11011:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10996:
10994:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10857:
10855:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10735:
10733:
10722:
10721:
10719:
10718:
10713:
10707:
10705:
10698:
10690:
10689:
10682:
10681:
10674:
10667:
10659:
10653:
10650:
10649:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10611:Jnanpith Award
10608:
10603:
10598:
10592:
10590:
10586:
10585:
10583:
10582:
10577:
10571:
10569:
10565:
10564:
10562:
10561:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10507:
10505:
10499:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10492:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10470:
10468:
10458:
10457:
10455:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10428:
10426:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10380:
10378:
10369:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10298:
10295:
10294:
10287:
10286:
10279:
10272:
10264:
10258:
10257:
10252:
10245:
10244:External links
10242:
10241:
10240:
10225:
10205:Krämer, Gudrun
10192:
10189:
10187:
10186:
10168:
10165:
10154:
10143:
10131:
10128:
10127:
10126:
10120:
10103:
10085:
10079:
10064:
10058:
10041:
10032:
10019:
10004:
9998:
9977:
9971:
9953:
9947:
9932:
9926:
9908:
9895:
9881:McGregor, R.S.
9877:
9856:
9839:Koul, Omkar N.
9835:
9805:
9792:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9741:
9723:
9697:
9684:
9677:
9651:
9644:
9626:
9619:
9601:
9594:
9574:
9565:
9556:
9544:
9523:
9490:
9471:
9459:
9441:
9416:
9387:
9271:
9264:
9246:
9220:
9187:
9182:jagranjosh.com
9168:
9143:
9127:
9106:
9095:
9070:
9059:on 2 June 2016
9041:
9011:
8999:
8969:
8951:
8925:
8882:
8849:
8826:
8819:
8801:
8775:
8744:
8703:
8678:
8648:
8637:on 9 June 2009
8622:
8592:
8555:
8519:
8482:
8456:
8430:
8404:
8385:
8352:
8326:
8307:
8287:
8276:on 8 July 2016
8255:
8225:
8201:
8174:
8142:
8124:
8117:
8095:
8088:
8064:
8057:
8037:
8020:
8002:
7993:
7986:
7966:
7951:
7937:
7911:
7894:
7884:
7862:
7852:
7828:
7806:
7795:
7775:
7764:
7743:
7736:
7717:
7707:
7701:. Readworthy.
7687:
7677:
7659:
7641:
7620:
7613:. p. 27.
7597:
7587:
7569:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7489:
7482:
7461:
7447:
7440:
7420:
7413:
7407:. Penguin UK.
7393:
7367:
7338:
7286:Indiaspend.com
7249:
7224:
7202:
7191:
7167:
7156:2010 estimates
7141:
7109:
7090:
7079:
7056:
7045:
7014:
6987:
6951:
6929:
6904:
6882:
6860:
6829:
6806:
6773:
6747:
6737:
6708:
6698:
6671:
6641:
6611:
6602:
6572:
6551:
6523:
6494:
6461:
6454:
6436:
6429:
6402:
6374:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6256:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6180:
6178:
6160:
6157:
6140:
6137:
6115:Mahadevi Varma
5998:(devotional –
5986:Main article:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5799:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5770:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5741:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5712:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5683:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5654:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5625:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5567:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5501:
5500:
5492:
5490:
5479:
5477:
5466:
5418:
5415:
5360:
5357:
5328:
5325:
5305:
5304:
5244:
5218:
5168:
5158:from Sanskrit
5132:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5026:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4957:nasal vowel fa
4955:
4952:
4941:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4904:
4894:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4857:
4847:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4810:
4799:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4749:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4712:
4701:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4664:
4653:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4606:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4558:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4521:
4510:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4462:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4414:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4320:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4238:
4235:
4225:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4178:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4132:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4086:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4049:
4035:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3998:
3988:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3942:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3896:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3836:
3826:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3780:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3733:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3668:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3587:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3450:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3422:
3412:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3380:somewhat like
3378:
3375:
3365:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3319:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3272:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3179:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3132:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3086:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3040:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2947:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2780:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2712:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2674:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2637:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2534:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2485:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2438:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2344:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2298:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2131:
2128:
2114:, also called
2082:Main article:
2079:
2076:
2072:schwa deletion
2052:Main article:
2049:
2046:
2038:Andhra Pradesh
1982:Linguistically
1964:
1961:
1853:northern India
1844:
1841:
1832:
1829:
1811:
1808:
1791:
1788:
1747:
1744:
1692:Madhya Pradesh
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1547:
1544:
1496:John Gilchrist
1411:imperial court
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1364:
1333:
1311:
1297:
1283:schwa deletion
1279:
1269:
1255:
1215:Vedic Sanskrit
1210:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1071:
1068:
1042:, followed by
1003:with standard
866:
865:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
816:
815:
809:
808:
807:
806:
801:
796:
788:
787:
781:
780:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
750:
749:
743:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
730:
725:
719:
714:
708:
703:
698:
692:
687:
682:
675:
671:
669:
664:
656:
655:
649:
648:
640:
639:
627:
626:
623:
615:
614:
607:
601:
600:
593:
585:
584:
577:
572:
569:
568:
561:
553:
552:
543:
535:
534:
525:
517:
516:
515:Language codes
512:
511:
506:
500:
499:
496:
495:
482:
467:
466:
464:
459:
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
450:
438:
426:
414:
412:Madhya Pradesh
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
339:
338:
324:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
305:
298:
295:
294:
293:
292:
287:
277:
271:
265:
259:
251:
247:Writing system
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
231:
207:
205:
202:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
151:
149:
142:
139:
138:
127:
126:Total speakers
123:
122:
108:
104:
103:
98:
97:Native to
94:
93:
86:
82:
81:
74:
66:
65:
55:
54:
26:
18:Standard Hindi
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15124:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15083:
15080:
15078:
15075:
15073:
15070:
15068:
15065:
15063:
15060:
15058:
15055:
15054:
15052:
15040:
15039:
15027:
15023:
15022:
15010:
15006:
15005:
14993:
14989:
14988:
14976:
14972:
14971:
14959:
14956:from Wikinews
14955:
14954:
14942:
14938:
14937:
14925:
14921:
14920:
14908:
14907:
14904:
14898:
14890:
14885:
14880:
14878:
14873:
14868:
14866:
14861:
14856:
14854:
14844:
14843:
14840:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14786:
14783:
14781:
14778:
14776:
14773:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14742:
14740:
14738:
14732:
14722:
14719:
14717:
14716:Tehri Garhwal
14714:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14706:Pauri Garhwal
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14688:
14686:
14684:
14680:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14645:
14643:
14641:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14628:
14620:
14617:
14615:
14612:
14611:
14610:
14607:
14603:
14600:
14598:
14595:
14594:
14593:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14581:
14578:
14577:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14568:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14545:
14543:
14542:
14540:
14538:
14532:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14509:
14506:
14505:
14504:
14501:
14497:
14494:
14492:
14489:
14488:
14487:
14484:
14483:
14481:
14477:
14467:
14464:
14462:
14459:
14457:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14447:
14444:
14442:
14439:
14438:
14436:
14434:
14428:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14407:
14404:
14400:
14397:
14396:
14395:
14392:
14388:
14385:
14384:
14383:
14380:
14376:
14373:
14372:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14363:
14362:
14360:
14358:
14352:
14346:
14343:
14341:
14338:
14336:
14333:
14331:
14328:
14324:
14321:
14320:
14319:
14316:
14312:
14309:
14308:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14288:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14271:
14270:
14267:
14263:
14260:
14259:
14258:
14255:
14251:
14248:
14247:
14246:
14243:
14241:
14238:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14228:
14226:
14223:
14222:
14220:
14216:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14197:
14195:
14191:
14183:
14180:
14179:
14178:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14164:
14162:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14147:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14095:
14093:
14091:
14090:Tibeto-Burman
14087:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14056:
14053:
14052:
14050:
14048:
14044:
14041:
14037:
14031:
14028:
14026:
14023:
14022:
14020:
14016:
14013:
14009:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13990:
13988:
13986:
13978:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13949:
13948:
13946:
13944:
13940:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13911:
13910:
13908:
13906:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13891:
13888:
13884:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13851:
13849:
13845:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13825:
13823:
13819:
13816:
13812:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13779:
13775:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13753:Sivalik Hills
13751:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13740:
13738:
13734:
13731:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13712:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13693:
13691:
13685:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13661:
13659:
13657:
13651:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13627:
13621:
13618:
13612:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13594:
13591:
13590:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13583:Raika Kingdom
13581:
13579:
13578:Khasa Kingdom
13576:
13572:
13571:Chand dynasty
13569:
13567:
13564:
13563:
13562:
13559:
13555:
13552:
13551:
13550:
13547:
13546:
13544:
13538:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13521:Kushan Empire
13519:
13517:
13516:Maurya Empire
13514:
13512:
13509:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13494:
13492:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13478:
13476:
13470:
13467:
13465:
13461:
13451:
13448:
13446:
13443:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13431:
13430:Chief Justice
13428:
13426:
13423:
13422:
13420:
13416:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13398:
13395:
13394:
13393:
13390:
13389:
13387:
13383:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13361:
13360:
13357:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13329:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13306:
13303:
13302:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13287:
13285:
13281:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13256:
13254:
13252:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13239:
13235:
13234:
13229:
13228:
13223:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13208:
13204:
13197:
13192:
13190:
13185:
13183:
13178:
13177:
13174:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13145:
13144:
13140:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13118:Haflong Hindi
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13097:
13091:
13088:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13075:
13074:
13073:Chinali–Lahul
13071:
13069:
13066:
13063:
13060:
13059:
13057:
13053:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13030:
13020:
13019:Khasa Prakrit
13017:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12986:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12949:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12929:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12888:
12885:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12872:
12871:
12868:
12867:
12865:
12861:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12842:
12840:
12836:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12812:
12810:
12806:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12761:
12759:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12744:
12741:
12737:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12706:
12704:
12700:
12694:
12691:
12689:
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12295:Chhattisgarhi
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12089:Rathwi Bareli
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11688:Mahasu Pahari
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10871:Chhattisgarhi
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10484:Haflong Hindi
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10447:Chhattisgarhi
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10339:Kinship terms
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9957:Masica, Colin
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9572:Masica, p. 67
9569:
9563:Masica, p. 66
9560:
9554:Masica, p. 65
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9121:. Routledge.
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8569:"Hindi, Fiji"
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8536:. Ahmedabad:
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8500:. Ahmedabad:
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8471:. 31 May 2019
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7876:PublicAffairs
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7695:Kumar, Uday.
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7375:Khan, Rajak.
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7265:Deccan Herald
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6820:Deccan Herald
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6624:lawmin.nic.in
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6198:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6129:Uttar Ādhunik
6126:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6057:, written by
6056:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5800:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5771:
5768:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5742:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5713:
5710:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5684:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5655:
5652:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5626:
5623:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5597:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5568:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5525:"difficult",
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5478:
5475:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5447:Mughal Empire
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5347:> Prakrit
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5299:from English
5298:
5289:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5237:onomatopoetic
5222:
5219:
5216:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5157:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5126:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4848:
4839:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4800:
4791:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4741:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4693:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4645:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4463:
4454:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4406:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4312:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4226:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4170:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4124:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4087:
4078:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3943:
3934:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3888:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:similar to ou
3834:
3832:
3827:
3818:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3781:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3660:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3623:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3311:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:The pause in
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:Uttar Pradesh
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:lingua franca
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:lingua franca
1869:
1868:Haflong Hindi
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:lingua franca
1847:Hindi is the
1840:
1838:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:, along with
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Uttar Pradesh
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Kaka Kalelkar
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:Nāgarī script
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:lingua franca
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Delhi dialect
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:Intervocalic
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:"other" >
1302:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1261:"night" >
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1111:Another name
1109:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:) as well as
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:Hindi is the
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:Haflong Hindi
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
919:
918:lingua franca
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
872:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
839:
838:
833:
830:
828:
827:Kinship terms
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
814:
811:
810:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:
786:
783:
782:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
751:
748:
745:
744:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
720:
718:
715:
713:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
677:
676:
674:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
654:
651:
650:
646:
642:
641:
637:
633:
632:
621:
616:
612:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
592:
591:
586:
582:
578:
575:
574:Linguist List
570:
566:
562:
559:
554:
549:
544:
541:
536:
531:
526:
523:
518:
513:
510:
507:
505:
501:
493:
488:
483:
480:
469:
468:
465:
457:
449:
439:
437:
436:Uttar Pradesh
427:
425:
415:
413:
403:
401:
391:
389:
379:
377:
367:
365:
355:
353:
343:
342:
341:
340:
337:
326:
325:
323:
317:
312:
309:
306:
302:
296:
291:
288:
286:, unofficial)
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
252:
248:
242:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
206:
200:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:Western Hindi
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:Indo-European
150:
146:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
85:Pronunciation
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
15036:
15019:
15002:
14985:
14968:
14951:
14939:from Commons
14934:
14917:
14896:
14416:Panch Prayag
14323:Asan Barrage
14024:
13886:Demographics
13801:Ganges Basin
13687:Contemporary
13593:Shah dynasty
13531:Gupta Empire
13511:Nanda Empire
13231:
13225:
13219:
13113:Bombay Hindi
13055:Unclassified
12952:Ardhamagadhi
12779:Berar Deccan
12633:Chittagonian
12626:Chittagonian
12215:
12119:Vaagri Booli
12084:Pauri Bareli
12079:Palya Bareli
12044:Dhodia–Kukna
11918:Parkari Koli
11731:Northwestern
11421:Kundal Shahi
10763:
10726:8th schedule
10710:
10616:Hindi cinema
10479:Bombay Hindi
10290:
10228:
10212:
10179:, retrieved
10173:
10159:
10148:
10137:
10130:Dictionaries
10112:Hindī Bhasha
10111:
10107:
10095:. Retrieved
10090:
10069:
10049:
10036:
10024:. Retrieved
10009:
9989:
9961:
9937:
9916:
9900:. Retrieved
9885:
9869:. Retrieved
9862:the original
9843:
9811:
9797:. Retrieved
9782:
9773:Bibliography
9758:. Retrieved
9744:
9726:
9714:. Retrieved
9711:Stepfeed.com
9710:
9700:
9692:
9687:
9662:
9654:
9635:
9629:
9610:
9604:
9584:
9577:
9568:
9559:
9526:
9432:. Retrieved
9428:
9419:
9390:
9255:
9249:
9237:. Retrieved
9233:
9223:
9211:. Retrieved
9199:
9190:
9181:
9171:
9159:. Retrieved
9155:
9146:
9135:
9134:replaced by
9132:
9118:
9100:
9082:
9061:. Retrieved
9057:the original
9032:. Retrieved
9023:
9014:
8990:. Retrieved
8981:
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8928:
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8905:the original
8898:
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8869:the original
8862:
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8839:
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8787:
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8716:
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8681:
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8665:the original
8660:
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8635:the original
8625:
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8604:
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8572:
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8531:
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8495:
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8468:
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8417:
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8271:the original
8258:
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8154:
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7922:
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7543:
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7509:the original
7504:
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7370:
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7354:the original
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7325:
7309:. Retrieved
7305:
7289:. Retrieved
7285:
7269:. Retrieved
7263:
7252:
7240:. Retrieved
7236:
7227:
7211:"Hindustani"
7205:
7196:
7177:
7170:
7149:
7144:
7135:
7128:. Retrieved
7121:
7112:
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6978:. Retrieved
6971:the original
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6877:the original
6872:
6863:
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6843:The Diplomat
6842:
6832:
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6809:
6797:. Retrieved
6788:
6763:
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6684:
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6658:the original
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6632:. Retrieved
6628:the original
6623:
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6593:. Retrieved
6589:the original
6584:
6575:
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6542:. Retrieved
6538:
6517:24 September
6515:, retrieved
6477:
6445:
6439:
6418:
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6320:
6240:
6228:
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6054:Chandrakanta
6053:
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6023:
6022:(epic); and
6019:
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5933:
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5849:
5831:
5726:calculation
5534:
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5510:
5504:
5493:
5480:
5467:
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5372:
5371:compounding
5364:
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5344:
5336:
5330:
5306:
5300:
5296:
5287:
5246:
5220:
5214:
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5193:
5170:
5164:
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5134:
5128:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5079:
5074:
4986:
4958:
4946:
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4898:
4863:
4851:
4816:
4804:
4769:
4758:
4754:
4718:
4706:
4670:
4658:
4622:
4611:
4575:
4563:
4527:
4515:
4479:
4467:
4431:
4419:
4337:
4325:
4289:
4279:
4244:
4229:
4194:
4183:
4147:
4136:
4101:
4090:
4055:
4043:
4039:
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3992:
3958:
3946:
3911:
3900:
3864:
3862:
3846:
3842:
3830:
3795:
3785:
3749:
3738:
3700:
3672:
3646:
3635:
3592:
3556:
3544:
3508:
3496:
3455:
3428:
3416:
3381:
3369:
3334:
3323:
3288:
3276:
3242:
3230:
3195:
3194:American bur
3184:
3148:
3136:
3101:
3090:
3055:
3044:
3009:
2998:
2963:
2951:
2916:
2905:
2865:
2839:
2827:
2785:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2726:
2690:
2678:
2643:
2631:
2596:
2586:
2550:
2549:American bir
2538:
2504:
2489:
2454:
2442:
2407:
2395:
2360:
2348:
2313:
2302:
2267:
2255:
2220:
2208:
2110:
2087:
2078:Romanisation
2057:
2009:
1993:Perso-Arabic
1985:
1980:
1951:; 20,000 in
1910:
1895:
1888:
1871:
1861:
1846:
1834:
1816:South Africa
1813:
1810:South Africa
1793:
1749:
1736:
1676:Chhattisgarh
1669:
1662:
1646:
1641:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1494:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1439:
1388:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:"reed" >
1356:
1352:
1351:"pond" >
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1289:"firm" >
1286:
1276:
1275:"bond" >
1272:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1226:
1212:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:Amir Khusrau
1122:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1075:
1073:
1037:
1020:
1013:
958:
927:Sanskritised
916:
903:. It is the
888:
870:
869:
661:
605:Linguasphere
588:
479:South Africa
364:Chhattisgarh
308:Signed Hindi
301:Signed forms
276:(historical)
270:(historical)
264:(historical)
182:
158:Indo-Iranian
47:
14919:Definitions
14889:Linguistics
14790:Pithoragarh
14711:Rudraprayag
14668:Pithoragarh
14451:Jim Corbett
14411:Panch Kedar
14406:Sapta Badri
13905:Indo-Aryans
13689:Uttarakhand
13616:Uttarakhand
13440:Bar Council
13385:Legislature
13327:Departments
13227:Bhararisain
13207:Uttarakhand
13101:and creoles
13083:Lahul Lohar
12962:Maharashtri
12559:Mal Paharia
12549:Kharia Thar
12191:Braj Bhasha
10704:Union-level
10108:हिन्दी भाषा
9760:14 February
9716:16 December
9383:th-stopping
9239:17 December
9234:India Today
9034:17 February
8992:17 February
8794:17 December
8768:17 December
8723:17 December
8585:17 February
8548:23 December
8444:The Swaddle
8367:India Today
8340:India Today
8280:26 December
8210:"Rajbhasha"
7558:25 February
7386:17 February
7360:13 February
7331:16 November
7326:India Today
7311:16 November
7291:16 November
7271:16 November
7086:High Hindi.
6853:22 December
6799:22 December
6595:18 February
6415:Keith Brown
6264:Hindi Divas
6159:Sample text
6082:Dvivedī Yug
6047:British Raj
6043:Braj Bhasha
5844:Portuguese
5533:"thought",
5519:Urdu poetry
5377:Śuddh Hindi
5351:> Hindi
5135:Ardhatatsam
5109:/ Sanskrit
3555:American ga
1949:New Zealand
1898:Afghanistan
1716:West Bengal
1704:Uttarakhand
1654:South India
1632:Article 351
1586:along with
1170:Indus River
1070:Terminology
940:dialect of
923:North India
899:written in
448:Uttarakhand
203:Early forms
15051:Categories
15038:Phrasebook
14970:Quotations
14721:Uttarkashi
14544:Transport
14456:Nanda Devi
14108:Chaudangsi
14047:Indo-Aryan
13814:Ecoregions
13727:Geological
13445:Lok Adalat
13425:High Court
13242:Government
13224:(winter);
13004:Apabhraṃśa
12990:Apabhraṃśa
12967:Shauraseni
12683:Bodo Parja
12668:Sambalpuri
12600:Goalpariya
12574:Tanchangya
12564:Noakhailla
12489:Bote-Darai
12300:Fiji Hindi
12269:Sadhukkadi
12240:Judeo-Urdu
12206:Hindustani
11996:Shekhawati
11938:Rajasthani
11923:Saurashtra
11648:Bhadarwahi
11478:Gawar-Bati
11320:Endangered
11123:Rajasthani
11007:unofficial
10966:Rajbangshi
10891:Kamatapuri
10796:(Manipuri)
10596:Literature
10452:Fiji Hindi
10414:Sansi Boli
10399:Hindustani
10359:Hindustani
10329:Devanagari
10307:Declension
10097:8 November
9161:7 November
9024:Ethnologue
8982:Ethnologue
8875:24 January
8671:14 October
8574:Ethnologue
8345:10 January
8167:7 February
6581:"About Us"
6544:6 December
6539:www.gov.za
6390:Ethnologue
6348:References
6254:Hindi Belt
6239:Article 1
6163:See also:
6153:newspapers
6099:shadow-ism
6026:(modern).
6010:(beauty –
5982:Literature
5828:Portuguese
5549:Hindi word
5513:"enough",
5427:Hindustani
5369:neologisms
5279:Portuguese
5061:Vocabulary
3507:American a
2142:Consonants
2124:Devanagari
2068:consonants
2054:Devanagari
1998:Hindustani
1891:Pakistanis
1857:Hindi Belt
1784:Fiji Hindi
1566:languages.
1563:Devanagari
1470:Prēm Sāgar
1415:Shah Jahan
1385:Hindustani
1227:apabhraṃśa
1217:, through
1146:The terms
1035:speakers.
1021:Ethnologue
977:Fiji Hindi
961:Hindustani
911:alongside
822:Vocabulary
799:Declension
717:Judeo-Urdu
712:Hyderabadi
258:(official)
256:Devanagari
224:Hindustani
214:Apabhraṃśa
178:Hindustani
163:Indo-Aryan
111:Hindi Belt
77:Devanagari
15021:Resources
15004:Textbooks
14865:Languages
14810:Mussoorie
14800:New Tehri
14780:Rishikesh
14658:Champawat
14653:Bageshwar
14631:Districts
14592:Education
14394:Kedarnath
14382:Badrinath
14370:Yamunotri
14299:Monuments
14245:Elections
14167:Districts
14152:divisions
14011:Languages
13971:Banrawats
13923:Jaunsaris
13913:Garhwalis
13821:Highlands
13736:Mountains
13715:Geography
13450:Lokayukta
13418:Judiciary
13283:Executive
13090:Sheikhgal
13034:languages
12999:Abahattha
12979:Paishachi
12880:Classical
12845:Maldivian
12617:Surjapuri
12583:Kamarupic
12485:Kuswaric
12347:Bhojpuric
12135:Khandeshi
11668:Chambeali
11663:Bilaspuri
11560:Mankiyali
11488:Shumashti
11483:Nangalami
11395:Kishtwari
11310:Classical
11128:Surjapuri
11088:Khandeshi
11058:Dhundhari
11009:languages
10981:Sikkimese
10789:Malayalam
10696:languages
10368:Varieties
10354:Etymology
10324:Phonology
10221:1873-9830
9258:. Brill.
9208:0971-751X
9200:The Hindu
9102:language.
8840:Scroll.in
8533:The Hindu
8469:Firstpost
8399:The Hindu
6729:Routledge
6567:The Hindu
6512:244313560
6504:2191-5768
6292:(by type)
6133:Chāyāvādī
6123:Chāyāvādī
6103:Chāyāvādī
5970:holandês
5964:(ओलंदेज़)
5956:Hospital
5950:(अस्पताल)
5855:pineapple
5537:"book").
5507:Partition
5407:(ṭeli)fon
5403:dūrdarśan
5313:calqueing
5301:committee
5263:loanwords
5140:अर्धतत्सम
5125:prārthanā
5121:प्रार्थना
4962:(, etc.)
4385:ISO 15919
4363:Examples
2175:ISO 15919
2153:Examples
2130:Phonology
2106:ISO 15919
2034:Telangana
1957:Singapore
1933:Mauritius
1913:Madheshis
1906:Bollywood
1696:Rajasthan
1688:Jharkhand
1656:(such as
1605:Hindi Day
1534:, and in
1474:Lallu Lal
1435:Bollywood
1421:spoke in
1419:Aurangzeb
1183:The term
1074:The term
938:Khariboli
891:, is the
611:59-AAF-qf
590:Glottolog
558:ISO 639-3
540:ISO 639-2
522:ISO 639-1
424:Rajasthan
400:Jharkhand
219:Old Hindi
14805:Nainital
14795:Srinagar
14785:Ramnagar
14770:Rudrapur
14765:Kashipur
14755:Haldwani
14750:Haridwar
14745:Dehradun
14701:Haridwar
14696:Dehradun
14663:Nainital
14548:Airports
14441:Gangotri
14431:National
14365:Gangotri
14355:Chardham
14218:Politics
14200:Parganas
14065:Jaunsari
14055:Garhwali
14030:Sanskrit
14018:Official
13951:Bhotiyas
13918:Kumaonis
13847:Lowlands
13729:features
13614:Colonial
13542:kingdoms
13540:Medieval
13474:kingdoms
13322:Agencies
13305:Cabinets
13290:Governor
13233:Nainital
13221:Dehradun
13146:See also
13128:Nefamese
13123:Nagamese
13014:Kamarupi
12974:Gāndhārī
12931:Middle (
12870:Sanskrit
12808:Konkanic
12757:Marathic
12747:Marathi–
12739:Southern
12643:Rohingya
12612:Rangpuri
12590:Assamese
12554:Kurmukar
12532:dialects
12512:Kamarupa
12396:Maithili
12389:Maithili
12354:Bhojpuri
12259:Kannauji
12221:Hinglish
12201:Haryanvi
11966:Dhundari
11906:Wadiyara
11888:Jandavra
11883:Gujarati
11870:Gujarati
11792:Khetrani
11757:dialects
11713:Sirmauri
11693:Jaunsari
11683:Mandeali
11678:Pangwali
11658:Bhateali
11615:Garhwali
11574:Northern
11540:Chilisso
11416:Brokskat
11390:Kashmiri
11383:Kashmiri
11283:Tangkhul
11155:speakers
11078:Haryanvi
11063:Garhwali
11020:speakers
10911:Kokborok
10866:Bhojpuri
10820:Sanskrit
10784:Maithili
10774:Kashmiri
10759:Gujarati
10739:Assamese
10694:Official
10489:Hinglish
10404:Kannauji
10394:Haryanvi
10334:Numerals
10312:Pronouns
10211:(eds.).
9959:(1991).
9914:(2003).
9883:(1995).
9841:(2008).
9828:Archived
9814:Vol I-XI
9754:Archived
9736:Archived
9534:near an
9434:18 March
9028:Archived
8986:Archived
8941:13 March
8914:13 March
8733:cite web
8696:29 March
8609:Archived
8579:Archived
8542:Archived
8506:Archived
8475:19 March
8449:19 March
8423:19 March
8378:16 March
8372:Archived
8313:Archived
8242:Archived
8161:Archived
8137:Archived
7754:(1991).
7515:21 March
7242:31 March
7219:Archived
7198:Spanish.
7159:Archived
7003:: 1–13.
6899:Archived
6847:Archived
6824:Archived
6793:Archived
6768:Archived
6664:9 August
6634:21 March
6248:See also
6139:Internet
6094:Chāyāvād
6067:Sāhityik
5953:hospital
5942:botelha
5928:armário
5925:cupboard
5922:(अलमारी)
5908:(गिर्जा)
5880:(बाल्टी)
5866:(पाद्री)
5852:(अनानास)
5668:destiny
5458:proverbs
5435:Muhammad
5359:Sanskrit
5337:tadbhava
5011:Example
4906:ऊ or ू
4859:उ or ु
4714:ई or ी
4571:ऐ or ै
4523:ऐ or ै
4475:ए or े
4241:Scottish
3427:Trilled
2738:"uh-oh!"
2501:American
2116:Hinglish
2014:Pakistan
1989:Sanskrit
1760:Bhojpuri
1750:Outside
1712:Gujarati
1638:states:
1508:Pakistan
1466:Sanskrit
1399:Sanskrit
1291:sutthira
1287:susthira
1241:geminate
1156:Sanskrit
1131:) (from
1056:Gujarati
1052:Manipuri
1044:Kashmiri
989:Suriname
973:Bhojpuri
930:register
915:and the
794:Numerals
706:Hinglish
701:Dhakaiya
645:a series
643:Part of
597:hind1269
284:Hinglish
268:Mahajani
14877:Writing
14839:Portals
14775:Kotdwar
14760:Roorkee
14691:Chamoli
14683:Garhwal
14587:Economy
14575:Cuisine
14486:Cricket
14357:circuit
14340:Temples
14291:Tourism
14172:Tehsils
14113:Darmiya
14103:Byangsi
14070:Bangani
14060:Kumaoni
13956:Shaukas
13763:Bugyals
13719:ecology
13624:Company
13472:Ancient
13464:History
13404:Speaker
13397:History
13317:Gazette
13251:Symbols
13099:Pidgins
13078:Chinali
13068:Bazigar
13062:Badeshi
12957:Magadhi
12933:Prakrit
12850:Sinhala
12838:Insular
12815:Konkani
12794:Katkari
12789:Phudagi
12769:Varhadi
12764:Marathi
12749:Konkani
12721:Bhunjia
12595:Kamrupi
12569:Sylheti
12527:Bengali
12520:Bengali
12481:Kumhali
12448:Kochila
12436:Tharuic
12427:Kurmali
12415:Sadanic
12406:Bajjika
12380:Khortha
12330:Eastern
12290:Bagheli
12278:Eastern
12235:Deccani
12211:Kauravi
12196:Bundeli
12184:Western
12176:Central
12145:Dawoodi
12140:Lambadi
12064:Bhilori
12034:Bhilali
11981:Marwari
11971:Harauti
11901:Parkari
11862:Western
11829:Kholosi
11824:Jadgali
11802:Saraiki
11752:Punjabi
11745:Eastern
11738:Punjabi
11708:Hinduri
11653:Churahi
11630:Western
11620:Kumaoni
11608:Central
11582:Eastern
11509:Kalasha
11502:Chitral
11457:Pashayi
11450:Pashayi
11426:Kalkoti
11238:Ladakhi
11143:Varhadi
11108:Marwari
11098:Lambadi
11093:Kumaoni
11073:Harauti
11053:Bundeli
11043:Bajjika
11033:Bagheli
10951:Mundari
10916:Kurmali
10906:Khortha
10825:Santali
10815:Punjabi
10800:Marathi
10779:Konkani
10769:Kannada
10744:Bengali
10716:English
10626:Writers
10466:Creoles
10462:Pidgins
10437:Bagheli
10424:Eastern
10409:Kauravi
10389:Bundeli
10376:Western
10349:History
10344:Braille
10302:Grammar
10200:"Hindi"
10046:"Hindi"
10026:19 July
9988:(ed.).
9982:"Hindi"
9902:19 July
9871:19 July
9799:19 July
9400:and/or
9213:4 March
9136:tatsama
8615:22 June
8319:13 June
7944:26 June
7456:"India"
6980:16 July
6417:(ed.).
6337:e'tibār
6125:poets.
6024:Ādhunik
6020:Vīgāthā
6004:Raskhan
5962:olandez
5948:aspatāl
5914:igreja
5858:ananás
5841:Meaning
5680:kursiyy
5531:x(a)yāl
5529:"air",
5423:Persian
5417:Persian
5399:dūrbhāṣ
5395:calques
5327:Prakrit
5321:English
5275:English
5267:Persian
5256:transl.
5247:Videshī
5230:transl.
5182:transl.
5172:Tadbhav
5144:transl.
5098:Prakrit
5091:transl.
4812:औ or ौ
4765:ओ or ो
4666:इ or ि
4427:आ or ा
4120:वर्ज़िश
3854:लतीफ़ा
3377:क़्
2569:ख़िलाफ़
2126:Hindi.
2120:YouTube
2066:and 33
2060:abugida
2016:and is
1986:tatsama
1953:Germany
1876:Haflong
1772:English
1708:Gujarat
1680:Haryana
1634:of the
1524:lexicon
1458:Persian
1407:Persian
1403:Prakrit
1198:History
1152:"Hindu"
1148:"Hindi"
1133:Persian
1128:हिन्दुई
1118:हिन्दवी
1113:Hindavī
1060:Bengali
1009:Prakrit
932:of the
913:English
895:of the
785:Grammar
747:History
723:Kauravi
696:Deccani
680:Andaman
376:Haryana
14815:Almora
14737:cities
14648:Almora
14640:Kumaon
14537:topics
14479:Sports
14461:Rajaji
14421:Gomukh
14098:Rongpo
14039:Spoken
13933:Tharus
13928:Buksas
13896:groups
13894:Ethnic
13786:Bhabar
13778:Plains
13435:Judges
13264:Emblem
13032:Proto-
12988:Late (
12897:Middle
12799:Kadodi
12726:Nahari
12703:Halbic
12678:Bhatri
12638:Chakma
12544:Hajong
12510:Gauda–
12494:Danwar
12474:Others
12465:Musasa
12401:Angika
12375:Magahi
12368:Magahi
12339:Bihari
12309:Others
12285:Awadhi
12250:Rekhta
12225:Urdish
12155:Romani
12150:Domari
12128:Others
12109:Vasavi
12094:Pardhi
12074:Magari
12069:Mawchi
12059:Bauria
12049:Dhanki
12039:Chodri
12011:Nimadi
12001:Dhatki
11991:Mewari
11986:Mewati
11961:Gujari
11956:Loarki
11951:Goaria
11928:Vaghri
11849:Sindhi
11844:Memoni
11839:Luwati
11834:Kutchi
11816:Sindhi
11782:Hindko
11774:Lahnda
11718:Sarazi
11698:Kullui
11643:Kangri
11599:Nepali
11589:Doteli
11555:Tirahi
11550:Kalami
11535:Bateri
11514:Khowar
11473:Dameli
11436:Palula
11431:Ushoji
11375:Dardic
11288:Thadou
11253:Mising
11213:Konyak
11208:Kolami
11203:Kodava
11198:Khotta
11183:Dimasa
11178:Badaga
11168:Angami
11118:Nimadi
11113:Mewari
11083:Kangri
11028:Awadhi
10991:Tamang
10986:Sunwar
10976:Sherpa
10956:Newari
10936:Magahi
10926:Lepcha
10921:Kurukh
10896:Kharia
10881:Gurung
10861:Angika
10840:Telugu
10830:Sindhi
10805:Nepali
10794:Meitei
10728:to the
10601:Awards
10432:Awadhi
10235:
10219:
10181:6 July
10118:
10077:
10056:
10017:
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9675:
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9063:1 June
8817:
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8248:9 June
8115:
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6147:, and
6039:Avadhi
6016:Bihari
6012:Keshav
6008:Śṛṇgār
5995:Bhakti
5939:bottle
5936:(बोतल)
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5600:क़मीज़
5552:Gloss
5523:muśkil
5451:izafat
5433:(e.g.
5384:tatsam
5373:tatsam
5365:tatsam
5349:tikkha
5345:tīkṣṇa
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5252:विदेशी
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5030:stress
5014:Notes
4352:Vowels
4308:अझ़दहा
4262:काग़ज़
4051:ट्
3984:چھوڑنا
3976:छोड़ना
3583:پڑھائی
3438:ज़र्रा
3384:aught
3238:ङ् or
2935:कमज़ोर
2744:er "bu
2717:اعتبار
2585:k͟hilā
2102:ITRANS
2064:vowels
2048:Script
1975:, and
1945:Uganda
1822:, the
1768:Fijian
1754:, the
1462:Arabic
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1375:vivāha
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983:, and
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733:Urdish
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690:Bombay
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476:
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262:Kaithi
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15057:Hindi
14987:Texts
14936:Media
14897:Hindi
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14820:Pauri
14735:Major
14570:Music
14535:Other
14433:parks
14193:Rural
14160:Urban
14123:Rawat
14080:Tharu
14075:Buksa
14025:Hindi
13961:Rajis
13791:Terai
13768:Lakes
13654:Crown
13274:Motto
13203:State
13133:Vedda
12905:Early
12875:Vedic
12784:Varli
12716:Kamar
12711:Halbi
12693:Kupia
12673:Desia
12460:Majhi
12453:Buksa
12443:Tharu
12422:Sadri
12316:Parya
12264:Sansi
12216:Hindi
12114:Wagdi
12104:Kalto
12099:Gamit
12054:Dubli
12029:Bhili
11976:Malvi
11946:Bagri
11896:Kachi
11892:Koli
11764:Sansi
11673:Gaddi
11638:Dogri
11594:Jumli
11545:Gowro
11466:Kunar
11411:Shina
11404:Shina
11268:Rabha
11258:Nishi
11248:Malto
11243:Lotha
11218:Korku
11193:Karbi
11188:Halbi
11138:Wagdi
11103:Malvi
11068:Gondi
11048:Bhili
11038:Bagri
11005:Major
10971:Sadri
10941:Magar
10931:Limbu
10901:Khasi
10835:Tamil
10764:Hindi
10754:Dogri
10711:Hindi
10631:Poets
10621:Music
10317:Verbs
10291:Hindi
10110:[
9984:. In
9865:(PDF)
9848:(PDF)
9519:]
9515:[
9323:]
9319:[
9315:]
9311:[
9307:]
9303:[
9299:]
9295:[
8908:(PDF)
8895:(PDF)
8690:(PDF)
8641:3 May
8512:5 May
8274:(PDF)
8267:(PDF)
8220:(PDF)
8213:(PDF)
8196:(PDF)
8189:(PDF)
7474:Hindi
7130:8 May
7105:12.1.
6974:(PDF)
6963:(PDF)
6508:S2CID
6385:Hindi
6365:(PDF)
6327:etbār
6312:Notes
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6000:Kabir
5977:Media
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5934:botal
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5864:pādrī
5838:Hindi
5796:dunyā
5784:news
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5178:तद्भव
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5087:तत्सम
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4689:जीतना
4649:جِتنا
4641:जितना
4625:bout
4434:ther
4375:Hindi
4316:اژدہا
4213:ख़राब
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4031:ٹماٹر
4023:टमाटर
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3822:تالاب
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2954:amzor
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2748:er" (
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2709:एतबार
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2553:ouse
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2530:ڈھکّن
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10233:ISBN
10217:ISSN
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10075:ISBN
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10015:ISBN
9994:ISBN
9967:ISBN
9943:ISBN
9922:ISBN
9904:2014
9891:ISBN
9873:2014
9852:ISBN
9818:ISBN
9801:2014
9788:ISBN
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9718:2022
9673:ISBN
9640:ISBN
9615:ISBN
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9436:2023
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8084:ISBN
8053:ISBN
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7933:ISBN
7880:ISBN
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7313:2023
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7075:ISBN
7041:ISBN
6982:2016
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6801:2019
6733:ISBN
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