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233:. Progressive dies are commonly fed from a coil of steel, coil reel for unwinding of coil to a straightener to level the coil and then into a feeder which advances the material into the press and die at a predetermined feed length. Depending on part complexity, the number of stations in the die can be determined.
188:
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to protect the tool and die surface from scratching or galling. The lubricant also protects the sheet metal and finished part from the same surface abrasion as well as facilitate elastic material flow preventing rips, tears and wrinkles. There are a variety of lubricants available for this task. They
473:
Metal stamping can be applied to a variety of materials based on their unique metalworking qualities for a number of applications across a wide range of industries. Metal stamping may require the forming and processing of base common metals to rare alloys for their application-specific advantages.
422:
Stamping simulation is used when a sheet metal part designer or toolmaker desires to assess the likelihood of successfully manufacturing a sheet metal part, without the expense of making a physical tool. Stamping simulation allows any sheet metal part forming process to be simulated in the virtual
248:
It is believed that the first coins were struck by the
Lydians in what is modern-day Turkey in the seventh century B.C. Until 1550, the hammering method of coins remained the primary method of coin-making. Marx Schwab in Germany developed a new process for stamping that involved as many as 12 men
267:
Over the history of metal stamping, forging and deep drawing, presses of all types are the backbone of metals manufacturing. The processes continue to improve in moving more metal in one press stroke. Press and interconnected automation devices increase production rates, reduce labor costs and
256:
Stamped bicycle parts were being imported from
Germany to the United States in 1890. U.S. companies then started to have stamping machines custom built by U.S. machine tool makers. Through research and development, Western Wheel was able to stamp most bicycle parts.
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is a technology that calculates the process of sheet metal stamping, predicting common defects such as splits, wrinkles, springback and material thinning. Also known as forming simulation, the technology is a specific application of non-linear
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Some industries require the electrical or thermal conductivity of beryllium copper in areas such as aerospace, electrical, and the defense industry, or the high strength application of steel and its many alloys for the automotive industry.
252:
Stamped parts were used for mass-produced bicycles in the 1880s. Stamping replaced die forging and machining, resulting in greatly reduced cost. Although not as strong as die forged parts, they were of good enough quality.
222:, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining. This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series of stages.
465:. However, key issues such as quality control, high-volume application, and the need for material research into mechanical properties must be addressed before full-scale implementation of the technology is realized.
419:
Recent research by the
Aberdeen research company (October 2006) found that the most effective manufacturers spend more time simulating upfront and reap the rewards towards the end of their projects.
449:
has driven research into micro- forms of stamping. From the early development of micropunching machines in the early to mid-2000s to the creation and testing of a microbending machine at
264:
resisted the recommendations of his engineers to use stamped parts, but when his company could not satisfy demand with die forged parts, Ford was forced to use stamping.
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Results from a stamping simulation allow sheet metal part designers to assess alternative designs very quickly to optimize their parts for low cost manufacture.
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318:
Stretching - the surface area of a blank is increased by tension, with no inward movement of the blank edge. Often used to make smooth auto body parts.
996:
Hyunok Kim PhD, 2008, March "Evaluation of Deep
Drawing Performance of Stamping Lubricants with Dual Phase (DP) 590 GA", Part II in III part series,
906:
Phillip Hood, 1986, Spring, "Environmental
Compliance - A Lawn and Garden Manufacturers' Approach to Stamping Lubricants and Environmental Change",
1032:
351:
is a combination of the above methods done with a set of dies in a row through which a strip of the material passes one step at a time.
445:
components has traditionally focused on the macro level (e.g. vehicle, aircraft, and packaging applications), the continuing trend of
916:, April 27, 1989, Marilyn Claessens, "At 75, IRMCO still a pioneer - Lubricants go down the drain by design", Evanston, IL, page 33
38:
324:- the material is squeezed and reduced in thickness along a vertical wall. Used for beverage cans and ammunition cartridge cases.
457:. Examples of applications of sheet metal microstamping include electrical connectors, micromeshes, microswitches, microcups for
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210:
surface forms the metal into a net shape. Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as
679:
434:
This section is about the industrial manufacturing process. For the ballistics stamping technology and associated laws, see
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From the
American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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289:- the material is stretched into a shallow depression. Used primarily for adding decorative patterns. See also
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turning a large wheel to press metal into coins. In the 1880s, the stamping process was further innovated.
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311:- the surface area of a blank is stretched into an alternate shape via controlled material flow. See also
388:
lubricant refers to the larger category that also includes more traditional oil and fat-based compounds.
954:
Philip Ward, 1996, July/August, "Water-Based
Stamping Lubricant Washes Away Oil-Based Lube Problems",
336:- folding an edge over onto itself to add thickness. The edges of automobile doors are usually hemmed.
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78:
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James R. Rozynek, 1995, Winter, "Case Study: Converting to Water-Based Metal
Stamping Lubricants",
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Brad F. Kuvin, 2007, February, "Forming
Advanced High Strength Steel Leaves No-Room for Error",
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in the 2010s, microstamping tools continue to be researched as alternatives to machining and
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Reducing/Necking - used to gradually reduce the diameter of the open end of a vessel or tube.
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305:- a pattern is compressed or squeezed into the material. Traditionally used to make coins.
8:
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William C. Jeffery, 1985, November, "Non-Oil
Drawing Compounds Make Dollars and Sense",
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Curling - deforming material into a tubular profile. Door hinges are a common example.
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Don Hixon, 1984, December, "Alternative Lubricant Offers Advantages for Stamping",
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372:-based, soap and acrylic-based dry films. The newest technology in the industry is
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202:) is the process of placing flat sheet metal in either blank or coil form into a
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Brad F Kuvin, January, 2009, "Deep-Draw Automation returns remarkable results",
784:"The Simulation-driven Design Benchmark Report: Getting It Right the First Time"
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Bradley Jeffery, 1991, August, "Environmental Solutions for Metal Stamping",
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Brad Jeffery, 2003, April, "The Bottom Line - Getting your N-Values Worth",
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Matt Bailey, UK, 1997, May, "Non-Oil Lubricants Offer Solvent Solution",
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environment of a PC for a fraction of the expense of a physical tryout.
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The Center for Precision forming (CPF), The Ohio State University
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Robin P. Bergstrom, 1991, November, "Stamping Made Clean(er)",
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include plant and mineral oil-based, animal fat or lard-based,
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machine, a combination stamping, bending, and punching machine
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Brad F. Kuvin, 2007, May, "Dana's Giant Lube Leap of Faith",
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260:
Several automobile manufacturers adopted stamping of parts.
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Brian S. Cook, 1992, January 6, "Appropriate Technology",
868:"Process Analysis and Variation Control in Micro-stamping"
461:, wristwatch components, handheld device components, and
280:- the material is deformed or bent along a straight line.
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process generates friction which requires the use of a
617:(International edition. 4th ed.). Prentice Hall.
640:"Metal Stamping History | Thomas Engineering Company"
191:
Animation of a power press with a fixed barrier guard
866:
Advanced Manufacturing Processes Laboratory (2015).
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Flanging - the material is bent along a curved line.
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229:, but can also be used on other materials, such as
933:1991, February, "Lubricants and Environment Mix",
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236:Stamping is usually done on cold metal sheet. See
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968:Chris Wren, UK, 1999, June, "One Out - Oil Out"
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737:. Fabricators and Manufacturers Association.
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613:Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven (2001).
347:can also be performed in stamping presses.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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416:are critical to the success of a company.
404:. The technology has many benefits in the
16:Forming metal sheets with a stamping press
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175:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
837:Dixit, U.S.; Das, R. (15 October 2012).
615:Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
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120:This article includes a list of general
477:Industries metal stamping is used for:
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412:, where lead time to market, cost and
225:The process is usually carried out on
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735:"Sheet Metal Stamping 101, part V"
733:Hedrick, Art (December 15, 2009).
374:polymer-based synthetic lubricants
240:for hot metal forming operations.
126:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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268:provide more safety for workers.
34:This article has multiple issues.
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845:. CRC Press. pp. 263–282.
638:says, Jesse Kent (2015-06-26).
42:or discuss these issues on the
804:Razali, A.R.; Qin, Y. (2013).
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672:Johns Hopkins University Press
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644:Thomas Engineering News | Tips
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469:Industry-specific applications
441:While the concept of stamping
397:Sheet metal forming simulation
1:
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843:Micromanufacturing Processes
839:"Chapter 15: Microextrusion"
823:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.086
786:. Aberdeen Group. 2006-10-31
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956:Forming & Fabricating
935:Manufacturing Engineering
870:. Northwestern University
1142:Electrohydraulic forming
589:Shearing (manufacturing)
90:may contain suggestions.
75:may need to be rewritten
1147:Electromagnetic forming
841:. In Jain, V.K. (ed.).
670:, Baltimore, Maryland:
533:Lawn care and equipment
451:Northwestern University
402:finite element analysis
141:more precise citations.
1132:Casting (metalworking)
970:Sheet Metal Industries
963:Sheet Metal Industries
749:"Sheet Metal Stamping"
406:manufacturing industry
192:
1353:Tools and terminology
573:Forming limit diagram
190:
1182:Progressive stamping
810:Procedia Engineering
584:Progressive stamping
568:Circle grid analysis
349:Progressive stamping
291:Repoussé and chasing
1384:Simulation software
1258:Finishing processes
928:Production Magazine
664:Hounshell, David A.
410:automotive industry
378:oil-free lubricants
949:Stamping Quarterly
944:, pages 51–52, 58.
908:Stamping Quarterly
414:lean manufacturing
382:non-oil lubricants
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1152:Explosive forming
1120:Forming processes
816:(2013): 665–672.
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1212:Tube bending
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511:Construction
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84:You can help
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36:Please help
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1323:Fabrication
1271:Galvanizing
1111:Sheet metal
1101:Fabrication
1085:fabrication
1000:, pages 1–5
554:Power tools
515:Electronics
489:Ammunitions
486:Agriculture
443:sheet metal
384:. The term
231:polystyrene
227:sheet metal
139:introducing
1373:Categories
1343:Metallurgy
1286:Patination
1106:Piece work
887:References
790:2011-11-07
698:1104810110
649:2019-08-15
578:Four-slide
507:Commercial
503:Automotive
392:Simulation
262:Henry Ford
147:April 2009
122:references
96:March 2014
39:improve it
1338:Machining
1333:Jewellery
1301:Polishing
1266:Anodizing
1243:Soldering
1157:Extrusion
979:, page 76
896:, page 13
768:15 August
600:Footnotes
529:Jewellery
519:Fire arms
482:Aerospace
365:lubricant
361:Tribology
355:Lubricant
287:Embossing
272:Operation
88:talk page
45:talk page
1348:Smithing
1238:Riveting
1233:Crimping
1202:Spinning
1187:Punching
1172:Stamping
874:18 March
690:83016269
666:(1984),
594:Punching
562:See also
548:Plumbing
536:Lighting
370:graphite
341:Piercing
297:Blanking
214:using a
212:punching
200:pressing
196:Stamping
1358:Welding
1328:Forming
1318:Casting
1296:Plating
1291:Peening
1248:Welding
1228:Brazing
1207:Swaging
1197:Sinking
1192:Rolling
1162:Forging
1137:Drawing
1127:Coining
1094:General
1081:Forming
545:Medical
345:cutting
334:Hemming
322:Ironing
309:Drawing
303:Coining
278:Bending
244:History
238:Forging
135:improve
849:
696:
688:
678:
621:
542:Marine
124:, but
86:. The
876:2016
847:ISBN
770:2024
694:OCLC
686:LCCN
676:ISBN
619:ISBN
524:HVAC
359:The
343:and
921:MAN
818:doi
380:or
218:or
208:die
1375::
1083:,
814:53
812:.
808:.
692:,
684:,
674:,
642:.
48:.
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
1034:e
1027:t
1020:v
878:.
855:.
826:.
820::
793:.
772:.
751:.
652:.
627:.
438:.
315:.
293:.
178:)
172:(
160:)
154:(
149:)
145:(
131:.
98:)
94:(
81:.
55:)
51:(
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