693:
485:. To make the launch as quick as possible, the missile, which was ejected by an explosive-driven piston, simply blasted through the fiberglass silo cover. As the missile cleared the silo at 0.6 seconds, the first stage fired and the missile was tilted toward its target. The first stage was exhausted after only 1.2 seconds, but produced 650,000 pounds-force (2,900 kilonewtons) of thrust. On separation, the spent first stage disintegrated due to aerodynamic forces. The second stage fired within 1 to 2 seconds of launch. Interception at an altitude of 1 to 19 miles (1.5 to 30 km) took at most 15 seconds.
669:
681:
31:
548:
461:... of an autonomous module for close-in, low-altitude intercept (≈10,000 to 30,000 ft) and is based upon three radar/data-processor units located about 10 nautical miles apart. The module will have six or seven firing sites containing about 100 modified Sprint interceptors to defend approximately 21 silos.
416:
to study the anti-missile concept. ARPA noted that both the radar decoys and high-altitude explosions stopped working in the thickening lower atmosphere. If one simply waited until the warheads descended below about 60 km, they could be easily picked out on radar again. However, as the warheads
469:
and its purpose was to defend
Minuteman silos. Over the original Sprint missile, the Sprint II interceptor had slightly reduced launch dispersion, increased hardness to the effect of nuclear weapons, and decreased miss distance. Los Alamos staff expected a request for warhead development sometime in
558:
The "HIBEX" (high boost experiment) missile is considered to be somewhat of a design predecessor and competitor to the Sprint missile, as it was a similar high-acceleration missile in the early 1960s, with a technological transfer from that program to the Sprint development program occurring. Both
388:
suggested a salvo of four warheads would have a 90% chance of destroying a Zeus base. This was of little concern during early development when ICBMs were enormously expensive, but as their cost fell and the
Soviets claimed to be turning them out "like sausages", this became a serious problem.
261:, reaching a speed of Mach 10 (12,000 km/h; 7,600 mph) in 5 seconds. Such a high velocity at relatively low altitudes created skin temperatures up to 6,200 °F (3,400 °C), requiring an ablative shield to dissipate the heat. The high temperature caused a
383:
During the period Zeus was being developed, several problems arose that appeared to make it trivially easy to defeat. The simplest was that its 1950s-era mechanical radars could track a limited number of targets, and it could be easily overwhelmed by numbers; a report by the
248:
and exposed the RV to observation by radar. As the RV would be traveling at about 5 miles per second (8,047 m/s; 26,400 ft/s; Mach 24), Sprint needed to have phenomenal performance to achieve an interception in the few seconds before the RV reached its target.
354:. The main technological issues would be the need for extremely powerful radars that could detect the incoming ICBM warheads long enough in advance to fire on them, and computers with enough speed to develop tracks for the targets in engagements that lasted seconds.
452:
Work on initial investigations into "Follow-On Sprint" was underway in the second quarter of 1968. Los Alamos were examining two warheads for the
Upstage II design variation. By third-quarter 1971, Sprint II was incorporated into a new module for Safeguard called
397:
signals above about 60 kilometers (37 mi) altitude. By exploding a single warhead above the Zeus sites, the
Soviets could block observation of following warheads until they were too close to attack. Another simple measure would be to pack
330:
type as early as the mid-1940s. Early studies suggested their short flight times, on the order of 5 minutes, would make it difficult to detect, track, and shoot at these weapons. In theory, it would be easier to attack
417:
would be moving at about 5 miles per second (8 km/s; Mach 24) at this point, they were only seconds from their targets. An extremely high-speed missile would be needed to attack them during this period.
3057:
392:
However, other issues also became obvious in the late 1950s. One issue was that nuclear explosions in space had been tested in 1958 and found that they blanketed a huge area with radiation that blocked
1793:
668:
288:, which was operational only for a few months from October 1975 to early 1976. Congressional opposition and high costs linked to its questionable economics and efficacy against the then emerging
2753:
444:
Nike-X required great improvements in radars, computers, and especially the missile. Zeus had an attack profile lasting about a minute; Nike-X's interceptions would last about five seconds.
522:
nuclear warhead with a yield reportedly of a few kilotons, though the exact number has not been declassified. The warhead was intended to destroy the incoming reentry vehicle primarily by
295:
During the early 1970s, some work was carried out on an improved Sprint II, which was mostly concerned with the guidance systems. These were to be dedicated to the task of protecting the
2832:
692:
790:
Mr. McNamara told
Congress in January that the Nike-Zeus anti-missile system "would not be effective against a sophisticated (missile) threat in the late 1960's and early 1970's."
3037:
470:
FY-1972-1974. A Phase 2 feasibility study report was completed by Los Alamos in third-quarter 1972 and investigations into warhead design continued into first-quarter 1973.
272:
system, which concentrated on placing bases around large cities to intercept Soviet warheads. The cost of such a system quickly became untenable as the
Soviets added more
1065:
2792:
3047:
992:
777:
1428:
3032:
1235:
3062:
2435:
2403:
881:
567:, its role was to intercept reentry vehicles at a much lower altitude than Sprint, 20,000 feet (6,100 m), and it is considered to be a last-ditch
1319:
433:
that Zeus was simply not worth deploying. He suggested using the funds allocated to its deployment to develop the ARPA system, which became known as
289:
2630:
2625:
2510:
2465:
365:. The program went fairly smoothly, and the first tests were carried out in the summer of 1959. By 1962, a complete Zeus base had been built on
2899:
2802:
2763:
2595:
457:(HSD) and a joint Atomic Energy Commission/DoD working group was examining new warheads that would require less tritium. HSD was described as:
2430:
265:
to form around the missile, requiring extremely powerful radio signals to reach it for guidance. The missile glowed bright white as it flew.
718:
342:, who had developed the earlier Nike missiles, a contract to study the ABM issue. They returned a report saying the concept was within the
244:(RV) after they had descended below an altitude of about 60 kilometres (37 mi), where the thickening air stripped away any decoys or
680:
848:
2777:
2600:
2362:
1175:
REFRACTORY AIR VANE AND REFRACTORY MATERIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Task II -- Refactory
Materials for a Thurst Vector Control Valve
603:
425:
The result of the ARPA study came at the height of the debate over the Zeus system in the early 1960s. The new
Secretary of Defense,
2944:
2357:
2423:
1578:
3042:
1574:
674:
Closeup of Sprint anti-ballistic missile nosecone in its silo. The nose would deflect slightly to steer the missile in flight.
2979:
2949:
2733:
1784:
473:
It is unclear when Sprint II was canceled; however, a report on Sprint II electrical connectors was published in April 1977.
369:
and proved very successful over the following year, successfully intercepting test warheads and even low-flying satellites.
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273:
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1418:
1559:. Missile Manufacturing Technology Conference Held At Hilton Head Island, South Carolina on 22–26 September 1975.
2939:
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1058:
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1458:
560:
3002:
2929:
2924:
2743:
2610:
1633:
1311:
628:
962:"Pentagon Concedes Sentinel Would Cost More Than Estimate; Pentagon Concedes Costs of Sentinel Would Grow"
2408:
584:
1620:
2919:
2703:
2383:
2148:
2143:
2022:
1705:
757:
870:
Boffey, Philip M. (16 May 1969). "ABM: Critical Report by
Scientists Brings Sharp Pentagon Rebuttal".
2570:
2485:
2418:
2248:
2012:
1777:
615:
591:
staples (0.125 inches (3 mm) in length) embedded or "randomly dispersed" throughout the matrix.
551:
530:
402:
in with the warhead, presenting many false targets on the radar screens that cluttered the displays.
323:
572:
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2894:
1610:
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1297:
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220:
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646:
568:
347:
223:
44:
1222:
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2133:
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836:
595:
227:
119:
1710:
1110:
1098:
488:
The first stage's
Hercules X-265 engine is believed to have contained alternating layers of
2964:
2914:
2822:
2332:
1770:
1699:
1083:
885:
576:
280:, which used Sprint as a last-ditch defense against RVs that evaded the much longer-ranged
233:
8:
2470:
2310:
2233:
575:"composite modified double-base propellant", known as FDN-80, created from the mixing of
1223:"Chapter II. Rockets, Communications and Deploying Ballistic Missile Defense, 1958-1975"
889:
182:
7,610 miles per hour; 12,300 kilometers per hour; 3,400 meters per second (Mach 10)
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1278:
The first test of the SPRINT itself came in November 1965 at While Sands Missile Range.
967:
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901:
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237:
639:
has both Safeguard missiles (Sprint and Spartan), plus Nike Zeus and HIBEX on exhibit.
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1967:
1957:
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972:
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753:
508:
501:
362:
343:
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195:
1753:
Chapter 9: Sprint Missile Subsystem from ABM Research and development at Bell Labs
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2017:
2002:
1997:
1972:
1962:
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897:
430:
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80:
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2007:
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1905:
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281:
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1930:
1880:
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1808:
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905:
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351:
1538:
1261:
1128:
1116:
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1056:
2853:
2837:
2817:
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2708:
2698:
2651:
2585:
2555:
2515:
2500:
2337:
2290:
2243:
2218:
2183:
2103:
1992:
1910:
1823:
1737:
1720:
1675:
1651:
1514:
1269:
1020:
The conception, birth, and growth of a missile umbilical system (SPRINT II)
988:
945:
937:
805:
773:
650:
523:
519:
512:
482:
292:
warheads of the Soviet Union, resulted in a very short operational period.
230:
1742:
2525:
2295:
2285:
2188:
1976:
1925:
1895:
1890:
1875:
1850:
1738:
Nike Sprint dual launch during a salvo test at Kwajalein Atoll test range
327:
645:
Remote Site Launch Sprint Missile Historic Museum, RSL #3 missile site,
2327:
2228:
2198:
921:
438:
2909:
2123:
2072:
1701:
AT&T Archives: A 20-year History of Antiballistic Missile Systems
632:
588:
563:. Although HIBEX's initial acceleration rate was higher, at near 400
542:
489:
358:
339:
313:
1757:
1752:
3058:
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
2772:
1142:
636:
580:
1628:
The Missile Defense Controversy: Technology in Search of a Mission
1553:
Ballistic Missile Defense System Guidance Manufacturing Technology
1450:
1253:
2656:
2530:
2520:
2445:
2378:
1230:
Seize the High Ground: The U.S. Army in Space and Missile Defense
319:
256:
30:
1726:
1715:
1659:
1522:
1360:. pp. 162–178, with impact sensitivity on G-24. AD0901850.
1344:
Upstage Technology Report: Special Manufacturing And Fabrication
929:
276:
to their fleet, and Nike-X was abandoned. In its place came the
2738:
2718:
2580:
2540:
2440:
2305:
2280:
2253:
2158:
1423:
434:
378:
269:
138:
1st stage: Hercules X-265 650,000 pounds-force (2,900 kN);
1064:(Report). Los Alamos National Labs. p. V-63. LA-14066-H.
2934:
2884:
2879:
1982:
1920:
1915:
413:
394:
686:
Sprint anti-ballistic missile on a test stand before launch.
642:
The White Sands Missile Range Museum has a HIBEX on exhibit.
346:
and could be built using modest upgrades to the latest Army
299:
fields. Further work was canceled as US ABM policy changed.
971:. Vol. CXVIII, no. 40, 562 (Late City ed.).
712:
177:
335:, with their longer flight times and higher trajectories.
35:
Sprint anti-ballistic missile interceptor on a test stand.
743:"Army Awards Pact For an Anti-Missile To Martin Marietta"
1550:
Krips, Jack; Holllngshead, Charles (22 September 1975).
547:
3004:
United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963
361:
in 1956, working out of the Nike development center at
1220:
Walker, James; Bernstein, Lewis; Lang, Sharon (2005).
240:
during 1975–76. It was designed to intercept incoming
3038:
Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the United States
837:"Appendix 4: Undesignated Vehicles - Martin Marietta
752:. Vol. CXII, no. 38405 (Western ed.).
481:
The conical Sprint was stored in and launched from a
465:
By the first quarter of 1972, the system was renamed
1236:
United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command
1794:
1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations
1219:
882:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
614:The first test of the Sprint missile took place at
529:The first test of the Sprint missile took place at
511:, which tracked the incoming reentry vehicles with
1625:
1619:
1488:
1227:
1221:
960:
741:
1549:
1455:Remote Site Launch Sprint Missile Historic Museum
698:Final assembly of a Sprint missile before a test.
606:, star-grained cross-section solid rocket motor.
598:" rocket of 1947 produced an acceleration of 100
3024:
1129:Tracing the Origins of the W76: 1966-Spring 1973
1117:Tracing the Origins of the W76: 1966-Spring 1973
1105:Tracing the Origins of the W76: 1966-Spring 1973
1093:Tracing the Origins of the W76: 1966-Spring 1973
1059:Tracing the Origins of the W76: 1966-Spring 1973
571:"in a similar vein to Sprint". HIBEX employed a
507:The Sprint was controlled by ground-based radio
1711:Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
1491:US Intelligence and the Soviet Strategic Threat
845:Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
3048:Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States
1012:
1010:
1778:
1410:
1215:
1213:
1165:
3033:Anti-ballistic missiles of the United States
1189:Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center
1134:
719:Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems
515:radar and guided the missile to its target.
284:. Sentinel was itself changed to become the
1379:
1334:
1007:
3063:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
1785:
1771:
1210:
952:
863:
736:
734:
322:had considered the issue of shooting down
29:
1617:
1618:Yanarella, Ernest J. (1 December 1977).
1483:
1416:
1171:
800:
798:
546:
437:, a name given by engineering professor
1743:Video of Nike Sprint launch (2 MB .mpg)
1140:
1016:
731:
3025:
1575:National Technical Information Service
1385:
1340:
958:
869:
834:
816:from the original on 14 September 2021
536:
496:powder, followed by gelatinizing with
441:when he was reporting on the concept.
357:Bell began development of what became
1766:
1758:Nike Sprint and Spartan Photo Gallery
1461:from the original on 25 December 2021
1367:from the original on 23 February 2022
1322:from the original on 12 November 2020
1304:
1198:from the original on 23 February 2022
1071:from the original on 15 February 2023
1038:from the original on 24 February 2022
828:
795:
780:from the original on 23 February 2022
1584:from the original on 9 February 2017
1562:Defense Technical Information Center
1443:
1431:from the original on 24 October 2014
1353:Defense Technical Information Center
1184:Defense Technical Information Center
1153:from the original on 6 December 2021
959:Finney, John W. (12 February 1969).
1141:Lowther, Scott (27 December 2009).
1057:Betty L Perkins (3 November 2003).
715: – USSR anti-ballistic missile
333:intercontinental ballistic missiles
13:
1748:Encyclopedia Astronautica - Sprint
1476:
1017:Nordman, Glenn W. (1 April 1977).
995:from the original on 21 March 2022
268:Sprint was the centerpiece of the
14:
3074:
3010:Drones designated in UAV sequence
1716:Terminal defense using the Sprint
1688:
1172:Moorhead, Seth B. (1 July 1974).
851:from the original on 21 July 2021
721: – Defense system comparison
1419:"ADA park (Fort Sill, Oklahoma)"
1417:DeCristo, Daniel (28 May 2011).
691:
679:
667:
2419:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109
1341:Schwab, D. E. (17 March 1972).
653:(full scale replica on display)
500:, thus forming a higher thrust
1386:Bedard, Andre (26 June 2002).
1050:
405:As the problems piled up, the
372:
1:
3043:Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons
1388:"Composite Solid Propellants"
1028:NASA Technical Reports Server
725:
561:White Sands Launch Complex 38
518:The Sprint was armed with an
1634:University Press of Kentucky
1621:"5. Exit Zeus, Enter Nike-X"
898:10.1126/science.164.3881.807
760:. 19 March 1963. p. 9.
621:
585:double-base smokeless powder
447:
307:
95:7,700 pounds (3,500 kg)
7:
1451:"RSL #3 Missile Site Tours"
706:
554:Museum HIBEX rocket display
10:
3079:
746:. Business & Finance.
657:
609:
540:
376:
324:theater ballistic missiles
311:
302:
2993:
2867:
2846:
2639:
2371:
2091:
1801:
616:White Sands Missile Range
552:White Sands Missile Range
531:White Sands Missile Range
476:
420:
252:Sprint accelerated at 100
201:
186:
176:
168:
156:
148:
141:2nd Stage: Hercules X-271
131:
126:
115:
107:
99:
91:
86:
76:
71:
63:
58:
51:Place of origin
50:
40:
28:
21:
1565:. No. AD-A017 242.
835:Parsch, Andreas (n.d.).
810:Nuclear ABMs of the USA
338:In 1955, the Army gave
111:53 inches (1.35 m)
103:26.9 feet (8.20 m)
1312:"III. HIBEX - UPSTAGE"
569:anti-ballistic missile
555:
492:"staples" embedded in
463:
348:surface-to-air missile
224:anti-ballistic missile
45:Anti-ballistic missile
16:Anti-ballistic missile
2980:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U
1721:Sprint missile launch
629:Air Defense Artillery
618:on 17 November 1965.
550:
533:on 17 November 1965.
459:
234:thermonuclear warhead
172:19 miles (30 km)
164:25 miles (40 km)
2264:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84
1499:. pp. 89, 148.
1356:(Technical report).
1187:(Technical report).
1030:(Technical report).
604:composite propellant
577:ammonium perchlorate
407:Secretary of Defense
226:(ABM), armed with a
1636:. pp. 79–101.
1577:. pp. 97–132.
890:1969Sci...164..807B
812:. 27 January 2003.
602:with a polysulfide
559:were tested at the
537:Design predecessors
1727:"Sprint Gallery 1"
1632:(First ed.).
1605:Unknown parameter
1567:Hilton Head Island
1497:Palgrave Macmillan
1495:(First ed.).
1487:(1 January 1977).
1485:Freedman, Lawrence
1292:Unknown parameter
1238:. pp. 37–82.
968:The New York Times
749:The New York Times
556:
520:enhanced radiation
502:double-base powder
238:United States Army
231:enhanced-radiation
72:Production history
3018:
3017:
1358:McDonnell Douglas
1147:The Unwanted Blog
431:President Kennedy
386:Gaither Committee
297:Minuteman missile
286:Safeguard Program
219:was a two-stage,
213:
212:
3070:
3005:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1734:
1702:
1683:
1680:Internet Archive
1631:
1623:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1558:
1546:
1543:Internet Archive
1494:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1398:on 6 August 2002
1394:. Archived from
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1349:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1274:Internet Archive
1233:
1225:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1180:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1131:, p. V-101.
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1107:, p. V-100.
1102:
1096:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1025:
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1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
975:. p. 1,11.
964:
956:
950:
949:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
802:
793:
792:
787:
785:
745:
738:
695:
683:
671:
509:command guidance
455:Hardsite Defense
400:radar reflectors
367:Kwajalein Island
363:Redstone Arsenal
344:state of the art
278:Sentinel program
255:
246:radar reflectors
242:reentry vehicles
196:command guidance
179:
33:
24:
19:
18:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3053:Missile defense
3023:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3003:
2989:
2863:
2842:
2635:
2506:RUM-125/UUM-125
2486:CQM-121/CGM-121
2367:
2087:
1797:
1791:
1725:
1700:
1691:
1686:
1644:
1606:
1604:
1598:cite conference
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1477:Further reading
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81:Martin Marietta
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1689:External links
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2868:Undesignated
1730:
1678:– via
1627:
1586:. Retrieved
1560:
1552:
1541:– via
1490:
1463:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1391:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1351:
1343:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1315:
1306:
1277:
1272:– via
1229:
1200:. Retrieved
1182:
1174:
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1155:. Retrieved
1146:
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1073:. Retrieved
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997:. Retrieved
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853:. Retrieved
844:
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818:. Retrieved
809:
789:
782:. Retrieved
747:
651:North Dakota
613:
599:
593:
564:
557:
528:
524:neutron flux
517:
513:phased array
506:
487:
480:
472:
467:Site Defense
466:
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460:
454:
451:
443:
429:, convinced
424:
404:
391:
382:
356:
337:
317:
294:
267:
257:
251:
236:used by the
216:
214:
77:Manufacturer
2965:Senior Prom
2003:LGM-35 (II)
1652:j.ctt2jcrcd
1588:23 February
1515:j.ctt7ztzzz
1465:23 February
1435:23 February
1402:23 February
1371:23 February
1326:23 February
1202:23 February
1157:23 February
1075:18 November
1042:23 February
999:23 February
884:: 807–810.
855:23 February
820:23 February
784:23 February
596:Thunderbird
373:New concept
328:V-2 missile
158:Operational
3027:Categories
2682:AGM-158A/B
1998:AQM-35 (I)
1668:1204958636
1531:1004379442
1254:2005364289
973:Washington
754:Washington
726:References
631:museum at
573:star-grain
541:See also:
439:Jack Ruina
221:solid-fuel
152:Solid fuel
149:Propellant
2998:See also:
2910:Have Dash
2274:AGM-84H/K
1973:MGM-31A/B
1731:srmsc.org
1609:ignored (
1539:29356452M
1296:ignored (
1285:cite book
981:0362-4331
914:0036-8075
906:1095-9203
766:0362-4331
633:Fort Sill
622:Survivors
589:zirconium
543:Nike Zeus
490:zirconium
448:Sprint II
359:Nike Zeus
340:Bell Labs
314:Nike Zeus
308:Nike Zeus
2773:AIM-174B
2687:AGM-158C
2424:BGM-109G
2321:"AIM-92"
1676:4901409M
1660:76046034
1579:Archived
1523:77007525
1459:Archived
1429:Archived
1362:Archived
1320:Archived
1270:7380755M
1262:57711369
1193:Archived
1151:Archived
1143:"SPRINT"
1066:Archived
1036:Archived
993:Archived
946:17840557
930:17024346
880:(3881).
849:Archived
814:Archived
806:"Sprint"
778:Archived
707:See also
647:Cavalier
637:Oklahoma
581:aluminum
205:platform
188:Guidance
108:Diameter
2975:Wagtail
2955:OpFires
2875:Aequare
2859:MIM-401
2854:AIM-260
2838:AGM-187
2833:MQM-186
2828:MQM-185
2823:RGM-184
2818:AGM-183
2813:LGM-182
2808:AGM-181
2803:AGM-180
2798:AGM-179
2793:MQM-178
2788:BQM-177
2783:AGM-176
2778:MQM-175
2769:RIM-174
2764:GQM-173
2759:FGM-172
2754:MQM-171
2749:MQM-170
2744:AGM-169
2739:MGM-168
2734:BQM-167
2729:MGM-166
2724:RGM-165
2719:MGM-164
2714:GQM-163
2709:RIM-162
2704:RIM-161
2699:ADM-160
2694:AGM-159
2677:MGM-157
2672:RIM-156
2667:BQM-155
2662:AGM-154
2657:AGM-153
2652:AIM-152
2647:FQM-151
2640:151–200
2631:PQM-150
2626:PQM-149
2621:FGM-148
2616:BQM-147
2611:MIM-146
2606:BQM-145
2601:ADM-144
2596:MQM-143
2591:AGM-142
2586:ADM-141
2581:MGM-140
2576:RUM-139
2571:CEM-138
2566:AGM-137
2561:AGM-136
2556:ASM-135
2551:MGM-134
2546:UGM-133
2541:AIM-132
2536:AGM-131
2531:AGM-130
2526:AGM-129
2521:AQM-128
2516:AQM-127
2511:BQM-126
2501:AGM-124
2496:AGM-123
2491:AGM-122
2481:AIM-120
2476:AGM-119
2471:LGM-118
2466:FQM-117
2461:RIM-116
2456:MIM-115
2451:AGM-114
2446:RIM-113
2441:AGM-112
2436:BQM-111
2431:BGM-110
2414:BQM-108
2409:MQM-107
2404:BQM-106
2399:MQM-105
2394:MIM-104
2389:AQM-103
2384:PQM-102
2379:RIM-101
2372:101–150
2363:LIM-100
2269:AGM-84E
2073:XLIM-49
1977:MGM-31C
1941:LGM-25C
1936:HGM-25A
1706:YouTube
1457:. n.d.
1318:. n.d.
989:1645522
938:1644869
922:1726673
886:Bibcode
873:Science
774:1645522
658:Gallery
610:Testing
587:, with
326:of the
320:US Army
303:History
116:Warhead
67:1975–76
23:Sprint
2970:Sprint
2358:LIM-99
2353:YQM-98
2348:AIM-97
2343:UGM-96
2338:AIM-95
2333:YQM-94
2328:XQM-93
2316:FIM-92
2311:AQM-91
2306:BQM-90
2301:UGM-89
2296:AGM-88
2291:AGM-87
2286:AGM-86
2281:RIM-85
2259:AGM-83
2254:AIM-82
2249:AQM-81
2244:AGM-80
2239:AGM-79
2234:AGM-78
2229:FGM-77
2224:AGM-76
2219:BGM-75
2214:BQM-74
2209:UGM-73
2204:MIM-72
2199:BGM-71
2194:LEM-70
2189:AGM-69
2184:AIM-68
2179:RIM-67
2174:RIM-66
2169:AGM-65
2164:AGM-64
2159:AGM-63
2154:AGM-62
2149:MQM-61
2144:AQM-60
2139:RGM-59
2134:MQM-58
2129:MQM-57
2124:PQM-56
2119:RIM-55
2114:AIM-54
2109:AGM-53
2104:MGM-52
2099:MGM-51
2092:51–100
2083:RIM-50
2078:LIM-49
2068:AGM-48
2063:AIM-47
2058:MIM-46
2053:AGM-45
2048:UUM-44
2043:FIM-43
2038:MQM-42
2033:AQM-41
2028:MQM-40
2023:MQM-39
2018:AQM-38
2013:AQM-37
2008:MQM-36
1993:AQM-34
1988:MQM-33
1983:MGM-32
1968:LGM-30
1963:MGM-29
1958:AGM-28
1953:UGM-27
1948:AIM-26
1931:RIM-24
1926:MIM-23
1921:AGM-22
1916:MGM-21
1911:ADM-20
1906:PGM-19
1901:MGM-18
1896:PGM-17
1891:CGM-16
1886:RGM-15
1881:MIM-14
1871:AGM-12
1866:PGM-11
1861:CIM-10
1695:Sprint
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1640:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1503:
1424:Flickr
1268:
1260:
1252:
1242:
987:
979:
944:
936:
928:
920:
912:
904:
839:Sprint
772:
764:
583:, and
477:Design
435:Nike-X
421:Sprint
412:asked
379:Nike-X
350:, the
270:Nike-X
263:plasma
254:
217:Sprint
203:Launch
194:Radio
190:system
132:Engine
100:Length
2985:GLSDB
2945:NCADE
2935:MA-31
2885:Brazo
2880:ASALM
1856:AIM-9
1851:RIM-8
1844:RIM-7
1839:AIM-7
1834:RGM-6
1829:MGM-5
1824:AIM-4
1819:MIM-3
1814:RIM-2
1809:MGM-1
1648:JSTOR
1582:(PDF)
1557:(PDF)
1511:JSTOR
1365:(PDF)
1348:(pdf)
1196:(PDF)
1179:(pdf)
1069:(PDF)
1062:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
918:JSTOR
902:eISSN
395:radar
274:ICBMs
160:range
2960:PrSM
2950:NLOS
2940:MSDM
2930:LRHW
2925:LREW
2905:HACM
2900:HALO
2847:201–
1802:1–50
1664:OCLC
1656:LCCN
1638:ISBN
1611:help
1590:2022
1527:OCLC
1519:LCCN
1501:ISBN
1467:2022
1437:2022
1404:2022
1373:2022
1328:2022
1298:help
1258:OCLC
1250:LCCN
1240:ISBN
1204:2022
1159:2022
1077:2022
1044:2022
1001:2022
985:OCLC
977:ISSN
942:PMID
934:OCLC
926:LCCN
910:ISSN
857:2022
822:2022
786:2022
770:OCLC
762:ISSN
713:53T6
627:The
483:silo
414:ARPA
318:The
290:MIRV
215:The
209:Silo
92:Mass
41:Type
2920:KEI
2915:JSM
2895:GBI
1704:on
894:doi
878:164
758:UPI
228:W66
120:W66
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