Anti-ballistic missile

797: 1094:(IBCS) designed to shoot down short, medium, and intermediate range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase by intercepting with a hit-to-kill approach. Northrop Grumman was selected as the prime contractor in 2010; the Army spent $ 2.7 billion on the program between 2009 and 2020. IBCS engagement stations will support identification and tracking of targets using sensor fusion from disparate data streams, and selection of appropriate kill vehicles from available launcher systems. In February 2022 THAAD radar and TFCC (THAAD Fire Control & Communication) demonstrated their interoperability with Patriot PAC-3 MSE missile launchers, engaging targets using both THAAD and Patriot interceptors. 331:

guidance/command system, the Fan Ji (FJ) missile interceptor, and the XianFeng missile-intercepting cannon. The FJ-1 had completed two successful flight tests during 1979, while the low-altitude interceptor FJ-2 completed some successful flight tests using scaled prototypes. A high altitude FJ-3 interceptor was also proposed. Despite the development of missiles, the programme was slowed down due to financial and political reasons. It was finally closed down during 1980 under a new leadership of Deng Xiaoping as it was seemingly deemed unnecessary after the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States and the closure of the US

1000: 1814:'s ABM system was potentially seen as a threat by Russia, who felt that their ability to retaliate any perceived nuclear threats would be degraded. To combat this, Russia proposed that any ABM system enacted by NATO must be universal to operate, cover the entirety of the European continent, and not upset any nuclear parity. The United States actively sought NATO involvement in the creation of an ABM system, and saw an Iranian threat as a sufficient reason to warrant its creation. The United States also had plans to create missile defense facilities, but 278: 1498: 97: 579: 866:, and ammunition storage centers of the Japanese military. The exact location are not known to the public. A military spokesman said that tests had been done on two sites, one of them a business park in central Tokyo, and Ichigaya – a site not far from the Imperial Palace. Along with the PAC-3, Japan has installed a US-developed ship-based anti-ballistic missile system, which was tested successfully on 18 December 2007. Japan has 4 destroyers of this type capable of carrying 1364: 830: 883: 1536:(MIRV) warheads. Suddenly, each launcher was throwing not one warhead, but several. These would spread out in space, ensuring that a single interceptor would be needed for each warhead. This simply added to the need to have several interceptors for each warhead in order to provide geographical coverage. Now it was clear that an ABM system would always be many times more expensive than the ICBMs they defended against. 251:, a Social Democrat, expressed severe concerns about the way in which the U.S. had conveyed its plans to its European partners and criticised the U.S. administration for not having consulted Russia prior to announcing its endeavours to deploy a new missile defence system in Central Europe. According to a July 2007 survey, a majority of Poles were opposed to hosting a component of the system in Poland. By 28 July 2016 1759:(GMD). It was planned to protect all 50 states from a rogue missile attack. The Alaska site provides more protection against North Korean missiles or accidental launches from Russia or China, but is likely less effective against missiles launched from the Middle East. The Alaska interceptors may be augmented later by the naval Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System or by ground-based missiles in other locations. 470: 703: 749: 22: 1201: 1682: 1561:

development. The radar systems and anti-ballistic missiles were approximately 90 miles north/northwest of Grand Forks AFB, near Concrete, North Dakota. The missiles were deactivated in 1975. The main radar site (PARCS) is still used as an early warning ICBM radar, facing relative north. It is located at Cavalier Air Force Station, North Dakota.

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satellites with kinetic warheads. The system relied on improvements of computer technology, avoided problems with overly centralized command and control and risky, expensive development of large, complicated space defense satellites. It promised to be much less expensive to develop and have less technical development risk.

598:(outside the atmosphere) interceptor system, intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile. The PAD missile has the secondary stage of the Prithvi missile and can reach altitude of 80 km (50 mi). During the test, the target missile was intercepted at a 50 km (31 mi) altitude. On 6 December 2007, the 1189: 1325:

in Canada, which researched the main problems of ABM systems. A key problem with any radar system is that the signal is in the form of a cone, which spreads with distance from the transmitter. For long-distance interceptions like ABM systems, the inherent inaccuracy of the radar makes an interception

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system in February 2022. This particular missile has been in development since 2019 and is South Korea's next anti-ballistic missile generation. It is expected to have a range of 150 km and be able to intercept targets between 40 km and 100 km of altitude, and it can also be used as an

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is developing a new Prithvi interceptor missile code-named PDV. The PDV is designed to take out the target missile at altitudes above 150 km (93 mi). The first PDV was successfully test fired on 27 April 2014. According to scientist V K Saraswat of the DRDO, the missiles will work in tandem

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On 13 June 2002, the United States withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and recommenced developing missile defense systems that would have formerly been prohibited by the bilateral treaty. The action was stated as needed to defend against the possibility of a missile attack conducted by a

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were not feasible with then-current technology. As research continued, SDI evolved through various concepts as designers struggled with the difficulty of such a large complex defense system. SDI remained a research program and was never deployed. Several post-SDI technologies are used by the present

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missile over northern Japan, the Japanese have been jointly developing a new surface-to-air interceptor known as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3) with the US. Tests have been successful, and there are 11 locations that are planned for the PAC-3 to be installed. The approximate locations are

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On 27 January 2013, China did another anti ballistic missile test. According to the Chinese Defence Ministry, the missile launch is defensive in character and is not aimed against any countries. Experts hailed China's technological breakthrough because it is difficult to intercept ballistic missiles

1661:, was developed and tested—a complete redesign of the PAC-2 deployed during the war, including a totally new missile. The improved guidance, radar and missile performance improves the probability of kill over the earlier PAC-2. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, Patriot batteries engaged 100% of enemy 1428:

By the time it was cancelled in 1963, potential upgrades had been explored for some time. Among these were radars capable of scanning much greater volumes of space and able to track many warheads and launch several missiles at once. These, however, did not address the problems identified with radar

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failed to be a credible defence in an era of rapidly increasing ICBM counts due to its ability to attack only one target at a time. Additionally, significant concerns about its ability to successfully intercept warheads in the presence of high-altitude nuclear explosions, including its own, lead to

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The name Brilliant Pebbles comes from the small size of the satellite interceptors and great computational power enabling more autonomous targeting. Rather than rely exclusively on ground-based control, the many small interceptors would cooperatively communicate among themselves and target a large

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was a proposed space-based anti-ballistic system that was meant to avoid some of the problems of the earlier SDI concepts. Rather than use sophisticated large laser battle stations and nuclear-pumped X-ray laser satellites, Brilliant Pebbles consisted of a thousand very small, intelligent orbiting

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SDI was an extremely ambitious program to provide a total shield against a massive Soviet ICBM attack. The initial concept envisioned large sophisticated orbiting laser battle stations, space-based relay mirrors, and nuclear-pumped X-ray laser satellites. Later research indicated that some planned

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In practice, the price of the interceptor missile was considerable, due to its sophistication. The system had to be guided all the way to an interception, which demanded guidance and control systems that worked within and outside the atmosphere. Due to their relatively short ranges, an ABM missile

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from potentially unfriendly regimes, though no specific region, state, or country was formally mentioned. This adoption came from the recognition of territorial missile defense as a core alliance objective. At this time, Iran was seen as the likely aggressor that eventually led to the adoption of

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In addition to the blast effect, the detonation of nuclear devices against attacking intercontinental ballistic missiles produces a neutron kill effect from the strong radiation emitted, and this neutralizes the warhead, or warheads, of the attacking missile. Most A.B.M. devices depend on neutron

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A wartime study by Bell Labs into the task of shooting down ballistic missiles in flight concluded it was not possible. In order to intercept a missile, one needs to be able to steer the attack onto the missile before it hits. A V-2's speed would require guns of effectively instantaneous reaction

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During 1993, a symposium was held by western European nations to discuss potential future ballistic missile defence programs. In the end, the council recommended deployment of early warning and surveillance systems as well as regionally controlled defence systems. During spring 2006 reports about

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called for a more limited version using rocket-launched interceptors based on the ground at a single site. Such system was developed since 1992, was expected to become operational in 2010 and capable of intercepting small number of incoming ICBMs. First called the National Missile Defense (NMD),

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The Soviet military had requested funding for ABM research as early as 1953, but were only given the go-ahead to begin deployment of such a system on 17 August 1956. Their test system, known simply as System A, was based on the V-1000 missile, which was similar to the early US efforts. The first

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in the Earth's atmosphere, causing secondary showers of charged particles over an area hundreds of miles across. These can become trapped in the Earth' magnetic field, creating an artificial radiation belt. It was believed that this might be strong enough to damage warheads traveling through the

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The V-2, the first true ballistic missile, has no known record of being destroyed in the air. SCR-584's could be used to plot the trajectories of the missiles and provide some warning, but were more useful in backtracking their ballistic trajectory and determining the rough launch locations. The

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During 1998 the Israeli military conducted a successful test of their Arrow missile. Designed to intercept incoming missiles travelling at up to 2-mile/s (3 km/s), the Arrow is expected to perform much better than the Patriot did in the Gulf War. On 29 July 2004 Israel and the United States

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time, or some sort of weapon with ranges on the order of dozens of miles, neither of which appeared possible. This was, however, just before the emergence of high-speed computing systems. By the mid-1950s, things had changed considerably, and many forces worldwide were considering ABM systems.

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such as North Korea. GMD does not have the ability to protect against an all-out nuclear attack from Russia, as there are currently only 44 ground-based interceptors available to counter projectiles headed towards the US. (This interceptor count does not include the THAAD, or Aegis, or Patriot

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By the ABM treaty and a 1974 revision, each country was allowed to deploy a mere 100 ABMs to protect a single, small area. The Soviets retained their Moscow defences. The U.S. designated their ICBM sites near Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, where Safeguard was already under advanced

1159:, which has a hit-to-kill capability against incoming missiles. The main reason that the South Korean anti-ballistic defense system is not very developed is because they have tried to developed their own, without help from other countries, since the beginning of the 1990s. The South Korean 330:

Project 640 had been the PRC's indigenous effort to develop ABM capability. The Academy of Anti-Ballistic Missile & Anti-Satellite was established from 1969 for the purpose of developing Project 640. The project was to involve at least three elements, including the necessary sensors and

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detectors for this role. They also studied a number of missile airframe designs, a new and much more powerful solid rocket fuel, and numerous systems for testing it all. After a series of drastic budget reductions during the late 1950s the research ended. One offshoot of the project was

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to find and destroy V-2s before launch, but these operations were largely ineffective. In one instance a Spitfire happened upon a V-2 rising through the trees, and fired on it with no effect. This led to allied efforts to capture launching sites in Belgium and the Netherlands.

1517:(ICBMs). The economics seemed simple enough; since rocket costs increase rapidly with size, the price of the ICBM launching a large warhead should always be greater than the much smaller interceptor missile needed to destroy it. In an arms race the defense would always win. 730:

carried out a joint experiment in the US, in which the Arrow was launched against a real Scud missile. The experiment was a success, as the Arrow destroyed the Scud with a direct hit. During December 2005 the system was deployed successfully in a test against a replicated

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missiles, in the short operational period of 1975/1976, was the second counter-ICBMs system in the world. Safeguard protected only the main fields of US ICBMs from attack, theoretically ensuring that an attack could be responded to with a US launch, enforcing the

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blackouts caused by high-altitude explosions. To address this need, a new missile with extreme performance was designed to attack incoming warheads at much lower altitudes, as low as 20 km. The new project encompassing all of these upgrades was launched as

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was developed to destroy incoming aircraft and is now unreliable in defending a ballistic missile attack from North Korea, as they have developed further their nuclear program. As of 2018, South Korea decided to improve its defense system by upgrading to the

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David's Sling (Hebrew: קלע דוד), also sometimes called Magic Wand (Hebrew: שרביט קסמים), is an Israel Defense Forces military system being jointly developed by the Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and the American defense contractor

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with very high acceleration was added to handle warheads that evaded longer-ranged Spartan. Sprint was a very fast missile (some sources claimed it accelerated to 8,000 mph (13 000 km/h) within 4 seconds of flight—an average acceleration of

558:(or variants of it) integrating Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles. France and Italy are developing a new variant, the Aster 30 Block II, which can destroy ballistic missiles up to a maximum range of 3,000 km (1,900 mi). It will incorporate a 1653:

missiles. Post-war analyses show that the Patriot was much less effective than initially thought because of its radar and control system's inability to discriminate warheads from other objects when the Scud missiles broke up during reentry.

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within their engagement territory. Of these engagements, 8 of them were verified as kills by multiple independent sensors; the remaining was listed as a probable kill due to lack of independent verification. Patriot was involved in three

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The Arrow ABM system was designed and constructed in Israel with financial support by the United States by a multibillion-dollar development program called "Minhelet Homa" (Wall Administration) with the participation of companies like

1402:, designed to protect Moscow, became operational in 1971. A-35 was designed for exoatmospheric interceptions, and would have been highly susceptible to a well-arranged attack using multiple warheads and radar black-out techniques. 1013:

In several tests, the U.S. military have demonstrated the feasibility of destroying long and short range ballistic missiles. Combat effectiveness of newer systems against 1950s tactical ballistic missiles seems very high, as the

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would be needed to counter an ICBM wherever it might be aimed. That implies that dozens of interceptors are needed for every ICBM since warhead's targets couldn't be known in advance. This led to intense debates about the "

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A new version of the Hawk missile was tested during the early to mid-1990s and by the end of 1998 the majority of US Marine Corps Hawk systems were modified to support basic theater anti-ballistic missile capabilities. The

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On 10 December 2015 Arrow 3 scored its first intercept in a complex test designed to validate how the system can detect, identify, track and then discriminate real from decoy targets delivered into space by an improved

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Lasers originally developed for the SDI plan are in use for astronomical observations. Used to ionize gas in the upper atmosphere, they provide telescope operators with a target to calibrate their instruments.

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proposed spending an additional $ 6.6 billion on intercontinental ballistic missile defense programs to build a system to protect against attacks from North Korea or accidental launches from Russia or China.

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On 4 February 2021, China successfully conducted mid-course intercept anti-ballistic missile test. Military analysts indicates that the test and dozens done before reflects China's improvement in the area.

2832: 84:. The term "anti-ballistic missile" is a generic term for a system designed to intercept and destroy any type of ballistic threat; however, it is commonly used for systems specifically designed to counter 1648:

was the first deployed tactical ABM system, although it was not designed from the outset for that task and consequently had limitations. It was used during the 1991 Gulf War to attempt to intercept Iraqi

228:

negotiations between the United States, Poland, and the Czech Republic were published. The plans propose the installation of a latest generation ABM system with a radar site in the Czech Republic and the

2671: 608: 4580: 4042: 2914: 591: 4605: 1440:—a Nike Zeus upgraded for longer range and a much larger 5 megaton warhead intended to destroy enemy's warheads with a burst of x-rays outside the atmosphere. A second shorter-range missile called 599: 4592: 3299: 1486:(FOBS) that would give little warning to the defense. Another problem was high altitude EMP (whether from offensive or defensive nuclear warheads) which could degrade defensive radar systems. 247:

level and not 'unilaterally' between the U.S. and other states (although most strategic arms reduction treaties were between the Soviet Union and U.S., not NATO). The German foreign minister

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On 18 October 2010, France announced a successful tactical ABM test of the Aster 30 missile and on 1 December 2011 a successful interception of a Black Sparrow ballistic target missile. The

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In the meantime, a public debate over the merit of ABMs began. Difficulties that had already made an ABM system questionable for defending against an all-out attack. One problem was the

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had a successful test of a U.S. Army Zombie Pathfinder rocket, to be used as a target for exercising various anti-ballistic missile scenarios. The rocket was launched as part of NASA's

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or greater. The THAAD interceptor has a reported maximum speed of mach 8, and THAAD has repeatedly proven it can intercept descending exoatmospheric missiles in a ballistic trajectory.

1044:(THAAD) system began production in 2008. Its stated range as a short to intermediate ballistic missile interceptor means that it is not designed to hit midcourse ICBMs, which can reach 2066: 4548: 3092: 1230:

British fighters destroyed some V-1 "buzz bombs" in flight, although concentrated barrages of heavy anti-aircraft artillery had greater success. Under the lend-lease program, 200 US

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system was also enhanced and tested for ballistic missile interception. During the late 1990s, SM-2 block IVA missiles were tested in a theater ballistic missile defense function.

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short-range missile endoatmospheric intercepts that eluded Gorgon. The A-135 system is considered to be technologically equivalent to the United States Safeguard system of 1975.

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Since North Korea started developing its nuclear weapon program, South Korea has been under imminent danger. South Korea started its BDM program by acquiring 8 batteries of the

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X-band radars with 44 exoatmospheric interceptors stationed in underground silos around California and Alaska, to protect against low-count ICBM attacks from rogue states. Each

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radar system. The missiles have a range of 200 km and was designed to take on fast moving vehicles with low radar cross-section. The latest variant of this system is the

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that have reached the highest point and speed in the middle of their course. Only two countries, including the US, have successfully conducted such a test in the past decade.

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The Moscow ABM defense system was designed with the aim of being able to intercept the ICBM warheads aimed at Moscow and other important industrial regions, and is based on:

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India has an active ABM development effort using indigenously developed and integrated radars, and indigenous missiles. In November 2006, India successfully conducted the

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and David Wright, "Broken Shield: Missiles designed to destroy incoming nuclear warheads fail frequently in tests and could increase global risk of mass destruction",

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re-entry vehicles, all eight shot from only one missile. Each line is the path of a warhead which, were it live, would detonate with the explosive power of twenty-five

874:. Japan is currently modifying another 4 destroyers so that they can take part of their defense force against ballistic missiles, bringing the total number to 8 ships. 2597: 1972:

Besides these, some smaller systems exist (tactical ABMs) that generally cannot intercept intercontinental strategic missiles, as they move too fast for these systems.

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network detected an ICBM launch; U.S. Navy sailors aboard the USS John Finn (DDG-113) then launched an SM-3 Block IIA missile which destroyed the ICBM in mid-course.

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Testing ABM technology continued during the 1990s with mixed success. After the Gulf War, improvements were made to several U.S. air defense systems. A new Patriot,

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successful test interception was carried out on 24 November 1960, and the first with a live warhead on 4 March 1961. In this test, a dummy warhead was released by a

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The current Phase-1 of the Indian ABM system can intercept ballistic missiles of range up to 2,000 km and the Phase-2 will increase it up to 5,000 km.

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missile system was tested successfully. This missile is an endo-atmospheric interceptor with an altitude of 30 km (19 mi). First reported in 2009, the

1398:(known in the west as Galosh), was developed to carry the larger warhead and carry it much further from the launch site. Further development continued, and the 4567: 1269:

But defences against Soviet long-range bombers took priority until 1957, when the Soviet Union demonstrated its advances in ICBM technology with the launch of

1262:

The American armed forces began experimenting with anti-missile missiles soon after World War II, as the extent of German research into rocketry became clear.

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administration to propose a thin ABM defense, that could provide almost complete coverage of the United States. In a September 1967 speech, Defense Secretary

4639: 4577: 4014: 2204: 2400: 1029:, which hit a target going faster than ICBM warheads. On 16 November 2020 an SM-3 Block IIA interceptor successfully destroyed an ICBM in mid-course, under 817:, fired at ranges from 40 km to 300 km. It is designed with the aim of intercepting the newest generation of tactical ballistic missiles, such as 813:, designed to intercept tactical ballistic missiles, as well as medium- to long-range rockets and slower-flying cruise missiles, such as those possessed by 4602: 3620: 3385: 1292:

In 1958, the U.S. sought to explore whether airbursting nuclear weapons might be used to ward off ICBMs. It conducted several test explosions of low-yield

796: 240: 2128: 770:, said: "The design of Arrow 3 promises to be an extremely capable system, more advanced than what we have ever attempted in the U.S. with our programs." 4743: 4599:

79 Military installations; " 'Air Force's $ 1 billion radar installation on a Marshall Islands atoll 'is projected to be underwater within two decades'."

243:(OSCE) security conference during spring 2007 in Munich. Other European ministers commented that any change of strategic weapons should be negotiated on 2619: 157:

has the capability to shoot down ICBMs. It has completed developmental trials and is awaiting the Indian government's clearance in order to be deployed.

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When this proved infeasible for economic reasons, a much smaller deployment using the same systems was proposed, namely Safeguard (described later).

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had more than enough missiles to overwhelm any American defense), but rather against the potential nuclear threat of the People's Republic of China.

627:

and then Mumbai. After these two cities, it will be deployed in other major cities and regions. India has structured a five-layer missile shield for

168:(NMD), was first tested in 1997 and had its first successful intercept test in 1999. Instead of using an explosive charge, it launches a hit-to-kill 4355: 2782: 1822:

for collective defense. The officials also argued the potential prospect of U.S-commanded operation system that would work in conjunction with the

1394:

The V-1000 missile system was nonetheless considered not reliable enough and abandoned in favour of nuclear-armed ABMs. A much larger missile, the

424:. China is the second country after US that demonstrated intercepting ballistic missile with a kinetic kill vehicle, the interceptor missile was a 3983: 3790: 3900: 2286: 1608:(often referred to as "Star Wars"), along with research into various energy-beam weaponry, brought new interest in the area of ABM technologies. 4109: 4503: 2813: 2236: 4419: 3930: 2474: 2091: 1118:), this surface-to-air missile can intercept and destroy enemy aircraft and ballistic missiles. These system was created in partnership with 603: 453: 4545: 2760: 2452: 1750:

While the Reagan era Strategic Defense Initiative was intended to shield against a massive Soviet attack, during the early 1990s, President

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swarm of ICBM warheads in space or in the late boost phase. Development was discontinued later in favor of a limited ground-based defense.

3885:"Jen Judson (20 Aug 2020) US Army's future missile defense command system nearly simultaneously defeats cruise, ballistic missile threats" 3025: 2370: 4734: 4590:

Chris D’Angelo and Alexander C. Kaufman (01/18/2019) Pentagon Confirms Climate Change Is A National Security Threat, Contradicting Trump

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MDA Newsroom (17 Nov 2020) U.S. Successfully Conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test Against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target

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In terms of organization, during 1993 SDI was reorganized as the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization. In 2002, it was renamed to

172:

to intercept an ICBM. The current GMD system is intended to shield the United States mainland against a limited nuclear attack by a

4445: 3830: 3714: 1868: 1215:

The idea of destroying rockets before they can hit their target dates from the first use of modern missiles in warfare, the German

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FTM-44 (17 Nov 2020) U.S. Successfully Conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test Against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target

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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

5057: 4795: 3554: 1064: 941: 3759: 3003: 2862: 1873: 1022: 871: 229: 181: 4574:"Military planners should begin to consider potential abrupt climate change scenarios and their impacts on national defense." 4072:"The Ballistic Missile Defense Construction Strategies of South Korea and Japan: Self-reliance versus Cooperation with the US" 3162: 2501: 1483: 1090:'s Patriot missile (SAM) engagement control station (ECS), along with seven other forms of ABM defense command systems, with 910: 3501: 2593: 1670:

incidents: two incidents of Patriot shootings at coalition aircraft and one of U.S. aircraft shooting at a Patriot battery.

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system entered operational service in 2017. It is designed for exo-atmosphere interception of ballistic missiles during the

139:. These missiles have been updated (2017) and use non-nuclear kinetic interceptors instead, to intercept any incoming ICBMs. 4881: 4859: 3115: 1810:

this ABM system, as Iran has the largest missile arsenal of the Middle East, as well as a space program. From this summit,

369:, was first tested in 2003, and subsequently a few more times, including in November 2015. The HQ-29, a counterpart to the 4726: 4397: 4379: 3273: 1848:

in the general direction of Hawaii, triggering a satellite warning to a Colorado Air Force base, which then contacted the

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A US Missile Defence Shield in Europe? Opinions and Arguments in the German Political Debate. Natolin Analyses 7(20)/2007

1953: 1406: 1041: 923: 116: 2982: 413:

using a ground-launched interceptor during January 2007 was immediately applied to current ABM efforts and development.

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Scott Waldman, E&E News (1 March 2018) Key Missile Defense Installation Will be Uninhabitable in Less Than 20 Years

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and nuclear weapons establishments who suggested it would be much simpler to build more nuclear warheads and guarantee

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Outermost BMD layer at endo- and exo-atmospheric altitudes (15–25 km, and 80–100 km) for 2,000 km ranges

222: 124: 108: 85: 3598: 3576: 1818:

officials feared that it would have provided protection to Europe, it would have detracted from the responsibility of

232:. The system was announced to be aimed against ICBMs from Iran and North Korea. This caused harsh comments by Russian 4887: 4309: 4173: 2888: 1300:– launched from ships to very high altitudes over the southern Atlantic Ocean. Such an explosion releases a burst of 1079:(EKV) kinetic kill interceptor, with 97% probability of intercept when four interceptors are launched at the target. 312: 5264: 5244: 4624: 4564: 4003: 2299: 2016: 4565:

Richard F. Pittenger and Robert B. Gagosian (Dec 2003) Global Warming Could Have a Chilling Effect on the Military

3918:"Daniel Cebul (12 October 2018) Army continues push for integrated sensors and shooters with latest IBCS contract" 1425:

the conclusion that the system would simply be too costly for the very low amount of protection it could provide.

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SAM system may possess terminal ABM capabilities. PRC Navy's operating modern air-defense destroyers known as the

5211: 5051: 4964: 3856: 3815: 2396: 4467: 1409:. The Gorgon (SH-11/ABM-4) long-range missile was designed to handle intercepts outside the atmosphere, and the 4819: 4758: 1756: 1056: 161: 30: 1246:

computers were sent to the UK. These demonstrated a 95% success rate against V-1s that flew into their range.

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system in response. Zeus was criticized throughout its development program, especially from those within the

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Surface to air missiles and gun systems as the inner-most ring of defense. Previously planned to acquire

4362: 2790: 5201: 5196: 4899: 4716:—by blocking further cuts in nuclear arsenals and potentially spurring new deployments." (p. 67.) 1705: 1662: 1026: 1006: 867: 852: 715: 551: 495: 291: 185: 3897: 5100: 5045: 4500: 2233: 1709: 607:

to ensure a hit probability of 99.8 percent. On 15 May 2016, India successfully launched AAD renamed

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PAD and PDV are designed for mid-course interception, while AAD is for terminal phase interception.

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portion of their trajectory, including those of ICBMs. It may also act as an anti-satellite weapon.

26: 3416:"U.S. and Allied Ballistic Missile Defenses in the Asia-Pacific Region | Arms Control Association" 2478: 2102: 370: 5164: 5118: 4246: 2756: 2448: 1634: 759:

The Arrow 3 system is capable of exo-atmosphere interception of ballistic missiles, including of

697: 248: 5254: 5029: 4946: 4922: 4893: 4871: 4837: 4781: 4731: 3662:"Jason Cutshaw (August 8, 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium" 3035: 2374: 2303: 2229: 1771: 1685:

Developed in the late 1990s, the Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile attaches to a modified

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and the DRDO are awaiting government's final approval before the system is deployed to protect

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Gobarev, Victor (2001). "The early development of Russia's ballistic missile defense system".

3300:"India's AD-1 missile can intercept, destroy enemy ballistic missiles fired from 5000 km away" 1557:

of 1972, which restricted the deployment of strategic (not tactical) anti-ballistic missiles.

1475:), claimed that Sentinel would be directed not against the Soviet Union's missiles (since the 4928: 4326:"Military Magic Boosts Astronomy : Declassified technology enhances celestial knowledge" 3635: 3523: 1928: 1913: 1823: 1715: 1391:

spherical impactors 140 seconds after launch, at an altitude of 25 km (82,000 ft).

1297: 1119: 531: 491: 3440: 2967:"Interview: Vijay Kumar Saraswat Chief Controller of Research and Development, India's DRDO" 2563: 2527: 2329: 2260: 1678:

missile is not operational in U.S. service since 2002, but is used by many other countries.

4521: 3351: 1898: 1502: 1352: 1110:

anti-ballistic missile systems. With the tense situations with China, Taiwan developed the

645: 421: 343:

In March 2006, China tested an interceptor system comparable to the U.S. Patriot missiles.

4280: 3676: 3471: 2426: 2041:"India's ballistic missile shield ready, IAF & DRDO to seek govt nod to protect Delhi" 1708:

systems have also been tested for an ABM role. In 2008, an SM-3 missile launched from the

1339:'s system for inexpensive high-speed testing, consisting of missile airframes shot from a 710:

The Arrow project was begun after the U.S. and Israel agreed to co-fund it on 6 May 1986.

523:. The Aster 30 variants are capable of ballistic missile defense. An export customer, the 210:

launched a missile which destroyed the surrogate ICBM, while still outside the atmosphere.

8: 5090: 4999: 4958: 4713: 4688: 4578:

David Vergun (22 April 2021) Defense Secretary Calls Climate Change an Existential Threat

2728: 1923: 1844:

In November 2020, the US successfully destroyed a dummy ICBM. The ICBM was launched from

1697: 1681: 1526: 1472: 1321:

Other countries were also involved in early ABM research. A more advanced project was at

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that supposedly have some terminal ABM capability (as opposed to midcourse capability):

5095: 4831: 4226: 4189: 4091: 3146: 3061: 2966: 2190: 1798: 1690: 1251: 1231: 1083: 1003: 889:

vehicles. From left to right: 64N6E2 detection radar, 54K6E2 command post and 5P85 TEL.

844: 612: 420:

on 11 January 2010. The test was exoatmospheric and done in midcourse phase and with a

277: 169: 3970:"Jen Judson (February 6, 2017) Army falls behind with new anti-missile command system" 3871:"Jen Judson (11 Oct 2018) So Patriot and THAAD will talk. What does that really mean?" 3857:"Fort Sill Tribune staff (August 8, 2019) MOS 14E: Linchpin of Patriot missile system" 5113: 5023: 4940: 4843: 4712:. Instead large-scale developments will create barriers to taking real steps toward 4305: 4230: 4169: 4083: 3614: 3222: 2833:"China Claims It Has Conducted A New Midcourse Intercept Anti-Ballistic Missile Test" 1938: 1878: 1806: 1751: 1734: 1570: 1460: 1376: 1327: 1216: 990: 675:

deterred by high cost is now looking at domestic alternative (potentially land-based

547: 476: 332: 132: 54: 2999: 2866: 1513:

ABM systems were developed initially to counter single warheads launched from large

5186: 5069: 5034: 4976: 4876: 4666: 4218: 1995:

ARBATOV, ALEXEY; DVORKIN, VLADIMIR; TOPYCHKANOV, PETR; ZHAO, TONG; BIN, LI (2017).

1948: 1701: 1686: 1578: 1468: 1441: 1388: 1340: 1278: 1266:

began in 1946, with the aim of creating a missile capable of intercepting the V-2.

1239: 801: 791: 672: 620: 3550: 5225: 5154: 5080: 4994: 4984: 4738: 4693: 4609: 4596: 4584: 4571: 4552: 4507: 4287: 4196: 4144: 3990: 3957: 3937: 3904: 3746: 3584: 3505: 2986: 2240: 2023: 1943: 1933: 1908: 1903: 1845: 1838: 1645: 1574: 1464: 1306: 1270: 1143: 1123: 1103: 1015: 959: 947: 886: 863: 719: 661: 192: 136: 62: 4625:"Jason Cutshaw (24 February 2021) Army's Reagan Test Site supports missile test" 4383: 3831:"Congress and the Administration Must Reassess Failing Missile Defense Programs" 778:

target missile. According to officials, the milestone test paves the way toward

578: 5144: 5085: 5018: 4989: 4848: 4709: 4401: 2300:"55% Polaków przeciw budowie tarczy (55% of Poles against building the Shield)" 1437: 1373: 1322: 1293: 1263: 1193: 818: 524: 236: 58: 4222: 3739: 2915:"Une première en France : un missile intercepté par un antimissile Aster" 1497: 5238: 5206: 5011: 4087: 3248:"India concerned over 'very high price' of American missile shield for Delhi" 3226: 2979: 2154: 1996: 1849: 1763: 1667: 1601: 1235: 977: 928: 499: 204: 3984:(10 Mar 2022) Missile Defense Agency fires Patriot missile from THAAD system 255:

planning and agreements had clarified enough to give more details about the

3390: 3142:"Rajat Pandit (9 June 2019) India to buy US missile system to shield Delhi" 1476: 1453: 1395: 1380: 1344: 1282: 1224: 933: 915: 902: 559: 539: 488: 428:. The sources suggest the system is not operationally deployed as of 2010. 256: 177:

defenses which provide shorter range defence against incoming projectiles.)

128: 4484:

A total of 30 interceptors are planned for deployment by the end of 2010.

3951:(23 Dec 2021) Army awards Northrop Grumman $ 1.4 billion contract for IBCS 2892: 2067:"ASAT test shows India has means to destroy ICBMs in outer space: Experts" 96: 5149: 5074: 4683: 4546:

U.S. Army announces successful test of U.S. Army Zombie Pathfinder rocket

4004:"Who to Protect? Taiwan's SAM Systems and the Distribution of Protection" 3931:

Daniel Cebul (9 October 2018) Army looks to a future of integrated fire

1805:

program that was formed in response to the threat of a rapid increase of

1784: 1745: 1733:

Approved for acquisition by the Pentagon during 1991 but never realized,

1675: 1471:". McNamara, a private ABM opponent because of cost and feasibility (see 1384: 1336: 1188: 1049: 858: 535: 484: 448: 443: 425: 173: 147: 34: 4095: 4071: 1330:

system to address the accuracy concerns, and developed several advanced

837: 4697: 2205:"A Successful U.S. Missile Intercept Ends the Era of Nuclear Stability" 1506: 1363: 1220: 543: 473: 81: 77: 4732:

Video of the Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor missile system test by India

3791:"Can The U.S. Intercept A North Korean Missile? [Infographic]" 1018:(PAC-1 and PAC-2) had a 100% success rate in Operation Iraqi Freedom. 188:

missile demonstrated it can shoot down an ICBM target on 16 Nov 2020.

4753: 4744:

Video of the Exo-Atmospheric interceptor missile system test by India

4708:. Missile defenses will not allow us to escape our vulnerability to 4612::Rising seas will ruin Kwajalein Atoll site where 1,300 work and live 4471: 3030: 2234:

Anti-missile defence for Europe – guidelines drawn from the symposium

1641:. The Arrow was supported by the United States throughout the 1990s. 1553:

Technical, economic and political problems described resulted in the

1421: 1243: 1208: 829: 814: 624: 619:. As of 8 January 2020, the BMD programme has been completed and the 582:

Second phase of Anti-ballistic Missile defense test with AD-1 missile

355: 4671:

Defense Policy Formation: A Comparative Analysis of the McNamara Era

2863:"SAMP/T Successful on First European Missile Defense Intercept Test" 882: 458: 388: 383: 4773: 4701: 1788: 1638: 1331: 1087: 1068: 810: 731: 676: 651: 107:

There are a limited number of systems worldwide that can intercept

66: 4692:, vol. 320, no. no. 6 (June 2019), pp. 62–67. "Current U.S. 3601:. 20 December 2008. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008 1456:

warhead in the 1–3 kiloton range for in-atmosphere interceptions.

199:

in the general direction of the continental US, which triggered a

5159: 5106: 4805: 4640:"Successful SM-3 weapons test offers missile defense opportunity" 3707:"BBC NEWS – World – Americas – US missile hits 'toxic satellite'" 3000:"India successfully conducts interceptor supersonic missile test" 1722: 1532:

Conditions changed dramatically in 1970 with the introduction of

1448: 1274: 1205: 1111: 1107: 1030: 752: 743: 655: 143: 101: 73: 4361:. Defense Science Board Task Force. January 2005. Archived from 4110:"South Korea tests indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile" 3760:"What Is THAAD, What Does It Do, and Why Is China Mad About It?" 5126: 4418:(Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. 20 February 2008. 3898:

Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System (IBCS)

2814:"China conducts another mid-course anti-ballistic missile test" 2699:"Demarche Following China's January 2010 Intercept Flight-Test" 2129:"There is no guaranteed defence against ballistic missiles—yet" 1859:

missile to destroy the US dummy, still outside the atmosphere.

1430: 953: 702: 668: 616: 516: 469: 196: 191:

In a November 2020 test, the US launched a surrogate ICBM from

120: 3215:"U.S. State dept. nod for sale of air defence system to India" 3163:"Report: India's Homemade Anti-Ballistic Missile Shield Ready" 2449:"Pentagon Received No Warning of Chinese Missile Defense Test" 2423:"Chinese Version of Patriot Interceptor Said Undergoing Tests" 1997:"ENTANGLEMENT AS A NEW SECURITY THREAT: A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE" 1405:

A-35 was upgraded during the 1980s to a two-layer system, the

5131: 3816:"Army Seeks To Field One-Size-Fits-All Battle Command System" 2175: 1994: 1658: 1613: 1301: 1172: 1167: 1034: 965: 748: 628: 555: 520: 398: 366: 200: 16:

Surface-to-air missile designed to counter ballistic missiles

2942:"France, Italy To Cooperate in Development of Aster Missile" 1200: 1175:

system is expected to be complete and ready to use in 2024.

1033:

Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications (

21: 4705: 2371:"Project 640: China's National Missile Defence in the '70s" 1856: 1834: 1827: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1802: 1792: 1650: 1410: 1348: 766:

Lieutenant General Patrick J. O'Reilly, Director of the US

760: 351: 244: 216: 3189:"NASAMS 2: India to buy US missile system to shield Delhi" 2594:"HQ-18 (S-300V) (China) – Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems" 1387:. The dummy warhead was destroyed by the impact of 16,000 1211:

missile, the first ABM system to enter widespread testing.

57:(missile defense). Ballistic missiles are used to deliver 4442:"Navy Succeeds in Intercepting Non-Functioning Satellite" 3274:"Not Keen On NASAMS-II, IAF Wants Indian Missile Defence" 3116:"India Successfully Tests Supersonic Interceptor Missile" 2232:. Technological and Aerospace Committee. Lenzer. via FAS. 2092:"Defence Research and Development Organisation ASAT test" 4763: 4416:"DoD Succeeds in Intercepting Non-Functioning Satellite" 1542: 1092:

Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System

464: 404: 123:. It became operational in 1995 and was preceded by the 4727:

Article on Missile Threat Shift to the Black Sea region

3058:"India Successfully Test-Fires New Interceptor Missile" 119:(upgraded in 2017 to A-235) is used for the defense of 1746:

Transformation of SDI into MDA, development of NMD/GMD

1564: 4748: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2017:

Israel successfully tests David's Sling's interceptor

734:

missile. This feat was repeated on 11 February 2007.

1637:

system was tested initially during 1990, before the

604:

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

350:

series of terminal ABM-capable SAMs. China-produced

241:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

1787:. The next day, the Russian Federation dropped the 804:, designed to intercept tactical ballistic missiles 223:

National missile defense § Recent developments

4520:Hildreth, Steven A.; Ek, Carl (28 December 2010). 3976: 3877: 2889:"Premier tir anti-balistique | Blog de la DE" 2865:. Defense Update. 26 November 2010. Archived from 2550: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2127: 1628: 877: 648:layer at ranges of 150, 250, 350 & 400 km 409:The technology and experience from the successful 3924: 3548: 2477:. SinoDefence.com. 3 October 2009. Archived from 2174:Flight Test Aegis Weapon System-44 (FTM-44). The 1534:multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle 1459:The experimental success of Nike X persuaded the 5236: 4165:Tools of War: History of Weapons in Modern Times 3863: 3619:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 346:China has acquired and is license-producing the 4617: 3599:"Russian Anti-Ballistic Guided Missile Systems" 3551:"Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems" 3502:"Russian Anti-Ballistic Guided Missile Systems" 2475:"HongQi 9 (HQ-9) Surface-to-Air Missile System" 2354: 2165: 1589: 1416: 1355:rockets, which used the new solid rocket fuel. 590:in which an anti-ballistic missile, called the 91: 4444:(Press release). U.S. Navy. 20 February 2008. 3386:"US-Israel Arrow-3 intercepts target in space" 2425:. MissileThreat. 29 March 2006. Archived from 2292: 1700:was expanded to include ABM capabilities. The 1309:returned key data about a related effect, the 1273:, the Earth's first artificial satellite. The 4789: 4356:"Patriot system performance – report summary" 2672:"China Adds Precision Strike To Capabilities" 2502:"Did China Just Test a New Satellite-Killer?" 2246: 2155:"Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) System" 2099:Defence Research and Development Organisation 2026:By Yaakov Lappin. Jpost.com, 25 November 2012 706:An Arrow 2 anti-ballistic missile interceptor 515:is a family of missiles jointly developed by 338: 267: 4238: 3891: 3517: 3515: 3134: 3085:"India on way to joining exclusive BMD club" 3082: 2980:Prithvi Mission Milestone in Missile Defence 2693: 2691: 2689: 2193:20-MDA-10624 (Not to scale nor in real time) 1889:Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems 1728: 1383:, and intercepted by a V-1000 launched from 1166:has confirmed that it has test launched the 763:. It also acts as an anti-satellite weapon. 658:layer at ranges of 70, 80, & 100 km 3962: 3740:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUDQrLcY5oI 3654: 3379: 3377: 2322: 1305:layer. This proved not to be the case, but 262: 259:sites in Romania (2014) and Poland (2018). 203:to a Colorado Air Force base. In response, 4796: 4782: 4558: 4522:"Missile Defense and NATO's Lisbon Summit" 4519: 3383: 2830: 2733:(in Chinese). SINA News. 12 January 2010. 2564:"HQ-19 Anti-Ballistic Missile Interceptor" 2528:"HQ-29 Anti-Ballistic Missile Interceptor" 2120: 1894:Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme 1573:system, which utilized the nuclear-tipped 1161:Defense Acquisition Program Administration 574:Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme 4157: 4155: 4153: 4076:Journal of International and Area Studies 3910: 3633: 3521: 3512: 2917:(in French). Marianne2.fr. Archived from 2783:"China test-fires anti-ballistic missile" 2686: 2191:MDA (18 Nov 2020) FTM-44 mission overview 1884:Command systems in the United States Army 1343:round, which would later be the basis of 1289:. Zeus was eventually cancelled in 1963. 325: 313:Learn how and when to remove this message 4244: 3808: 3738:SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test animation 3384:Opall-Rome, Barbara (10 December 2015). 3374: 3212: 3113: 2596:. Articles.janes.com. 16 December 2011. 2186: 2184: 1869:2010 Chinese anti-ballistic missile test 1680: 1496: 1492: 1362: 1199: 1187: 998: 881: 857:Since 1998, when North Korea launched a 828: 795: 747: 701: 577: 468: 217:American plans for Central European site 95: 20: 5058:Semi-automatic command to line of sight 4304:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 200. 4208: 4202: 3822: 3699: 3060:. News.outlookindia.com. Archived from 2721: 2039:Philip, Snehesh Alex (8 January 2020). 1841:program, at White Sands Missile Range. 1150:) missiles from the United States. The 1065:AN/FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning Radar 5237: 4764:Stanley R. Mickelson Safeguard complex 4637: 4468:"Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD)" 4211:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 4161: 4150: 4138:"Missile Defense for the 21st Century" 4132: 4130: 3729: 3186: 2831:Trevithick, Joseph (4 February 2021). 2038: 1874:Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System 1791:agreement, intended to completely ban 1023:Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System 872:Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System 418:land-based anti-ballistic missile test 4777: 4448:from the original on 25 February 2008 4422:from the original on 26 February 2008 4299: 4065: 4063: 4037: 4035: 4001: 3828: 3687:from the original on 20 February 2012 3674: 3557:from the original on 21 November 2015 3469: 3410: 3408: 3362:from the original on 16 December 2007 3213:Lakshman, Sriram (11 February 2020). 3161:Gady, Franz-Stefan (8 January 2020). 2646:"4. Anti-Stealth and Countermeasures" 2455:from the original on 13 December 2011 2267:from the original on 1 September 2017 2202: 2181: 2064: 1543:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 1529:" between interceptors and warheads. 1484:Fractional Orbital Bombardment System 1126:ADAR-HP as inspiration to create the 465:France, Italy, and the United Kingdom 405:Development of midcourse ABM in China 4882:Submarine-launched ballistic missile 4860:Intermediate-range ballistic missile 4803: 4638:Bowman, Bradley (23 November 2020). 4069: 3788: 3451:from the original on 18 January 2008 3160: 3006:from the original on 15 October 2015 2939: 2855: 2811: 2763:from the original on 19 January 2010 2737:from the original on 14 January 2010 2709:from the original on 3 February 2018 2399:. English.donga.com. 28 March 2006. 2342:from the original on 11 October 2017 2310:from the original on 20 January 2012 2034: 2032: 2012: 2010: 1990: 1988: 1326:difficult. CARDE considered using a 1097: 527:also operates the Aster 30 Block 0. 362:are armed with naval HQ-9 missiles. 271: 4769:History of U.S. Air Defense Systems 4127: 4020:from the original on 9 October 2022 3849: 3642:from the original on 9 October 2018 3530:from the original on 9 October 2018 3352:"Israeli missile test 'successful'" 3122:from the original on 14 August 2017 3026:"DRDO to launch series of missiles" 2499: 2203:Kluth, Andreas (29 November 2020). 1954:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense 1565:Brief use of Safeguard in 1975/1976 1515:intercontinental ballistic missiles 1042:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense 588:PADE (Prithvi Air Defence Exercise) 117:A-135 anti-ballistic missile system 109:intercontinental ballistic missiles 86:intercontinental ballistic missiles 13: 5064:Automatic command to line of sight 4854:Intercontinental ballistic missile 4696:plans are being driven largely by 4677: 4660: 4281:-135 anti-ballistic missile system 4060: 4032: 3717:from the original on 13 April 2009 3441:"Japan plans Tokyo missile shield" 3405: 2538:from the original on 6 August 2017 2397:"donga.com[English donga]" 2196: 1400:A-35 anti-ballistic missile system 1183: 1059:(GMD) system was developed by the 125:A-35 anti-ballistic missile system 14: 5276: 4888:Submarine-launched cruise missile 4754:Federation of American Scientists 4720: 4261:from the original on 3 March 2016 3829:Kiley, Gregory T. (17 May 2017). 3770:from the original on 4 April 2017 3757: 3679:Operation Iraqi Freedom – Patriot 3549:Sean O'Connor (27 January 2014). 3326:"Israeli-United States Relations" 3083:Rajat Pandit (26 November 2007). 3034:. 17 October 2009. Archived from 2648:. SinoDefence.com. Archived from 2600:from the original on 2 April 2012 2574:from the original on 14 July 2017 2403:from the original on 20 June 2012 2373:. SinoDefence.com. Archived from 2084: 2029: 2007: 1985: 1833:On 15 December 2016, the US Army 1277:accelerated development of their 980:(serial production began in 2021) 4631: 4539: 4513: 4489: 4147:, Heritage Foundation, 2003, p.3 3837:from the original on 21 May 2017 3482:from the original on 16 May 2012 3328:. Policy almanac. Archived from 3095:from the original on 13 May 2013 2891:. Ead-minerve.fr. Archived from 2812:Tate, Andrew (8 February 2021). 2561: 2525: 2065:Kumar, Bhaswar (22 April 2019). 984: 785: 664:layer at ranges of 25–30 km 276: 164:(GMD) system, formerly known as 5212:List of surface-to-air missiles 5052:Manual command to line of sight 4965:Man-portable air-defense system 4460: 4434: 4408: 4390: 4372: 4348: 4318: 4293: 4273: 4182: 4102: 3995: 3943: 3782: 3751: 3668: 3627: 3591: 3569: 3542: 3494: 3463: 3433: 3344: 3318: 3292: 3266: 3240: 3206: 3180: 3154: 3107: 3076: 3050: 3018: 2992: 2973: 2959: 2933: 2907: 2881: 2824: 2805: 2775: 2749: 2664: 2638: 2622:. MissileThreat. Archived from 2612: 2586: 2519: 2500:Axe, David (11 November 2015). 2493: 2467: 2441: 2415: 2389: 2279: 2261:"MDA International cooperation" 2222: 1777: 1762:During 1998, Defense Secretary 1629:Tactical ABMs deployed in 1990s 1358: 878:Soviet Union/Russian Federation 182:Aegis ballistic missile defense 135:missiles previously armed with 4820:Air-launched ballistic missile 4749:Center for Defense Information 4002:Huang, Po-Chang (9 May 2017). 3940:by integrating THAAD IBCS LRPF 3187:Pandit, Rajat (10 June 2019). 2451:. Globalsecuritynewswire.org. 2147: 2058: 1966: 1757:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense 1521:kill for their effectiveness. 1137: 1057:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense 162:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense 155:Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mark 2 33:system, loaded into a silo at 31:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense 1: 4866:Short-range ballistic missile 2940:Tran, Pierre (14 June 2016). 2330:"(28 July 2016) Aegis Ashore" 1939:Safeguard/Sentinel ABM system 1696:Soon after the Gulf War, the 1549:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1311:nuclear electromagnetic pulse 550:, and the French and Italian 5139:Automatic target recognition 4497:The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 4188:Nuclear Weapon Archive.org. 4162:Ramsey, Syed (12 May 2016). 2759:. Global Security Newswire. 2101:. 3 May 2019. Archived from 1979: 1606:Strategic Defense Initiative 1596:Strategic Defense Initiative 1590:SDI experiments in the 1980s 1584:mutually assured destruction 1417:American Nike-X and Sentinel 1287:mutually assured destruction 439:Rumored midcourse missiles: 373:, was first tested in 2011. 92:Current counter-ICBM systems 7: 5192:List of missiles by country 4935:Anti-ship ballistic missile 4826:Air-launched cruise missile 4168:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 3818:. Space News. 29 June 2004. 3634:John Pike (20 April 2018). 3522:John Pike (20 April 2018). 2705:. London. 2 February 2011. 1862: 1723:a non-functioning satellite 1721:, successfully intercepted 1612:technologies such as X-ray 1077:Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle 1063:. It combines ground-based 995:Next generation interceptor 862:near major air bases, like 780:low-rate initial production 724:Israel Aerospace Industries 10: 5281: 5202:List of anti-tank missiles 5197:List of anti-ship missiles 4900:Surface-to-surface missile 1755:since 2002 it was renamed 1593: 1546: 1178: 1171:aircraft interceptor. The 1027:RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 1007:RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 988: 868:RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 853:RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 850: 789: 741: 737: 716:Israel Military Industries 695: 691: 600:Advanced Air Defence (AAD) 571: 504: 365:The HQ-19, similar to the 339:Operational Chinese system 268:People's Republic of China 220: 5220: 5174: 5101:Global Positioning System 5046:Command off line of sight 4974: 4909: 4812: 4398:"Navy Area Defense (NAD)" 4223:10.1080/13518040108430478 4195:11 September 2006 at the 4047:militarywatchmagazine.com 4043:"Military Watch Magazine" 3358:. BBC. 11 February 2007. 1799:The Lisbon Summit of 2010 1729:Brilliant Pebbles concept 1706:Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) 1316: 1067:installations and mobile 686: 592:Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) 5182:List of military rockets 5040:Command to line-of-sight 5006:Semi-active radar homing 4302:A Dictionary of Aviation 4300:Wragg, David W. (1973). 4070:Park, Hwee Rhak (2018). 3989:26 November 2022 at the 3956:24 December 2021 at the 3936:26 November 2022 at the 3524:"Galosh - Moscow System" 2729: 1959: 1919:National Missile Defense 1452:) and had a smaller W66 1296:– 1.7kt boosted fission 1075:(GBI) rocket carries an 1073:Ground-Based Interceptor 835:guided missile destroyer 824: 565: 263:Current tactical systems 166:National Missile Defense 27:Ground-Based Interceptor 5265:Surface-to-air missiles 5245:Anti-ballistic missiles 5165:Predicted line of sight 5119:Astro-inertial guidance 4506:27 January 2011 at the 4286:15 October 2007 at the 4247:"ABM AND SPACE DEFENSE" 2985:8 December 2007 at the 2239:15 October 2015 at the 1009:anti-ballistic missile. 847:anti-ballistic missile. 698:Arrow (Israeli missile) 377:Surface-to-air missiles 285:Some of this section's 249:Frank-Walter Steinmeier 4947:Anti-submarine missile 4923:Anti-radiation missile 4917:Anti-ballistic missile 4894:Surface-to-air missile 4872:Shoulder-fired missile 4838:Air-to-surface missile 4714:reducing nuclear risks 4551:9 January 2017 at the 3903:6 October 2017 at the 3683:. GlobalSecurity.org. 3638:. Globalsecurity.org. 3526:. Globalsecurity.org. 3478:. Globalsecurity.org. 2568:www.globalsecurity.org 2532:www.globalsecurity.org 2304:Polska Agencja Prasowa 2230:Western European Union 1909:Anti-torpedo torpedoes 1855:. The ship launched a 1801:saw the adoption of a 1772:Missile Defense Agency 1693: 1619:Missile Defense Agency 1510: 1368: 1212: 1197: 1061:Missile Defense Agency 1010: 890: 870:and equipped with the 848: 805: 768:Missile Defense Agency 756: 707: 583: 532:Horizon-class frigates 507:Aster (missile family) 502: 326:Historical Project 640 253:Missile Defense Agency 104: 51:surface-to-air missile 43:anti-ballistic missile 38: 37:, Alaska, in July 2004 29:of the United States' 5123:Terrestrial guidance 4929:Anti-satellite weapon 4608:27 April 2021 at the 4595:27 April 2021 at the 4583:27 April 2021 at the 4555:accessdate=2017-01-08 4470:. MDA. Archived from 4400:. FAS. Archived from 4382:. FAS. Archived from 4336:(1): 48. January 2001 3745:25 April 2021 at the 2730:我国试验陆基反导此前仅美国进行过相关试验 1929:Nuclear proliferation 1914:Multiple Kill Vehicle 1687:SM-2 Block IV missile 1684: 1500: 1493:Defense against MIRVs 1436:The main missile was 1411:Gazelle (SH-08/ABM-3) 1366: 1203: 1191: 1120:Raytheon Technologies 1002: 885: 832: 799: 751: 705: 581: 472: 348:S-300PMU-2/S-300PMU-1 230:launch site in Poland 221:Further information: 99: 24: 4737:16 July 2011 at the 4368:on 26 February 2006. 4279:GlobalSecurity.org. 4245:Karpenko, A (1999). 4143:13 July 2015 at the 3833:. RealClearDefense. 3713:. 21 February 2008. 3114:Franz-Stefan, Gady. 2285:Gaspers, J. (2007). 1899:Kinetic kill vehicle 1503:LGM-118A Peacekeeper 929:ABM-3 Gazelle / 53T6 552:FREMM-class frigates 422:kinetic kill vehicle 416:China carried out a 53:designed to counter 5000:Active radar homing 4959:Land-attack missile 4689:Scientific American 4526:UNT Digital Library 4386:on 15 October 2015. 4235:Viewed 26 May 2012. 3587:on 9 February 2008. 3508:on 9 February 2008. 3447:. 15 January 2008. 3420:www.armscontrol.org 2921:on 5 September 2012 2869:on 29 November 2010 2703:The Daily Telegraph 2620:"Hongqi-15 (HQ-15)" 2481:on 4 September 2013 2377:on 13 December 2011 1924:Nuclear disarmament 1698:Aegis Combat System 1527:cost-exchange ratio 1473:cost-exchange ratio 1467:referred to it as " 934:ABM-4 Gorgon / 51T6 903:ABM-1 Galosh / 5V61 631:as of 9 June 2019: 554:are all armed with 411:anti-satellite test 360:Type 051C Destroyer 356:Type 052C Destroyer 5260:Russian inventions 5096:Satellite guidance 4832:Air-to-air missile 4570:6 May 2021 at the 4510:. 28 January 1999. 4474:on 6 December 2010 4404:on 12 August 2007. 3972:. 6 February 2017. 3873:. 10 October 2018. 3332:on 4 November 2002 3304:The Times of India 3254:. 16 February 2020 3193:The Times of India 3147:The Times of India 3089:The Times of India 3038:on 8 November 2012 2674:. Aviationweek.com 2022:9 May 2013 at the 1807:ballistic missiles 1694: 1511: 1454:enhanced radiation 1379:launched from the 1369: 1347:. Another was the 1252:Operation Crossbow 1213: 1198: 1132:Sky Bow III (TK-3) 1084:United States Army 1011: 1004:United States Navy 891: 849: 845:Standard Missile 3 806: 757: 708: 613:Abdul Kalam Island 584: 548:Type 45 destroyers 503: 477:Type 45 destroyers 170:kinetic projectile 127:. The system uses 105: 55:ballistic missiles 39: 5232: 5231: 5114:Inertial guidance 5081:Infrared guidance 5024:Track-via-missile 4953:Anti-tank missile 4941:Anti-ship missile 4844:Ballistic missile 4759:MissileThreat.com 4667:Murdock, Clark A. 4501:A Viable Defense? 4136:Gregory Canavan, 3920:. 2 October 2018. 3887:. 20 August 2020. 3789:McCarthy, Niall. 3577:"Wonderland.org: 3306:. 3 November 2022 2108:on 10 August 2019 2071:Business Standard 1944:Spartan (missile) 1879:Atmospheric entry 1752:George H. W. Bush 1735:Brilliant Pebbles 1461:Lyndon B. Johnson 1377:ballistic missile 1328:terminal guidance 1098:Republic of China 1086:plans to replace 1025:(Aegis BMD) uses 991:Safeguard Program 615:off the coast of 500:Aster 30 missiles 323: 322: 315: 201:satellite warning 5272: 5187:List of missiles 5070:Pursuit guidance 5035:Command guidance 4877:Standoff missile 4798: 4791: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4621: 4615: 4562: 4556: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4517: 4511: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4479: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4360: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4297: 4291: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4206: 4200: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4159: 4148: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4067: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4019: 4011:TUFTS University 4008: 3999: 3993: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3949:Andrew Eversden 3947: 3941: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3755: 3749: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3618: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3583:. Archived from 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3504:. Archived from 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3472:"GlobalSystems: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3381: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3278:Livefist Defence 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3064:on 28 April 2014 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2895:on 26 April 2012 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839:. Archived from 2828: 2822: 2821: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2789:. Archived from 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2695: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2559: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2367: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2334: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2306:. 17 July 2007. 2296: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2257: 2244: 2228:Assembly of the 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2179: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2131: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2096: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2036: 2027: 2014: 2005: 2004: 1992: 1973: 1970: 1949:Sprint (missile) 1702:Standard missile 1389:tungsten-carbide 1279:LIM-49 Nike Zeus 1250:Allies launched 1240:Western Electric 1128:Chang Bai S-band 1082:Since 2004, the 944:(In development) 936:(decommissioned) 918:(decommissioned) 905:(decommissioned) 782:of the Arrow 3. 673:Indian Air Force 621:Indian Air Force 318: 311: 307: 304: 298: 280: 272: 137:nuclear warheads 5280: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5250:Missile defense 5235: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5226:Sounding rocket 5216: 5170: 5155:Contrast seeker 4995:Radar altimeter 4970: 4905: 4808: 4802: 4739:Wayback Machine 4723: 4710:nuclear weapons 4694:missile defense 4680: 4678:Further reading 4663: 4661:General sources 4658: 4648: 4646: 4644:defensenews.com 4636: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4610:Wayback Machine 4597:Wayback Machine 4585:Wayback Machine 4572:Wayback Machine 4563: 4559: 4553:Wayback Machine 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4518: 4514: 4508:Wayback Machine 4494: 4490: 4477: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4365: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4298: 4294: 4288:Wayback Machine 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4243: 4239: 4207: 4203: 4197:Wayback Machine 4187: 4183: 4176: 4160: 4151: 4145:Wayback Machine 4135: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4068: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4041: 4040: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3991:Wayback Machine 3981: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3958:Wayback Machine 3948: 3944: 3938:Wayback Machine 3929: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3905:Wayback Machine 3896: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3827: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3756: 3752: 3747:Wayback Machine 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3632: 3628: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3602: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3513: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3382: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3167:thediplomat.com 3159: 3155: 3150:. 10 June 2019. 3140: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2987:Wayback Machine 2978: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2829: 2825: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2787:english.ruvr.ru 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2506:The Daily Beast 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2429:on 20 July 2012 2421: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2259: 2258: 2247: 2241:Wayback Machine 2227: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2182: 2170: 2166: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2037: 2030: 2024:Wayback Machine 2015: 2008: 1993: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1934:Nuclear warfare 1904:Missile defense 1865: 1846:Kwajalein Atoll 1839:sounding rocket 1780: 1748: 1731: 1631: 1598: 1592: 1575:LIM-49A Spartan 1567: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1507:Hiroshima-style 1501:Testing of the 1495: 1465:Robert McNamara 1419: 1361: 1319: 1294:nuclear weapons 1186: 1184:1940s and 1950s 1181: 1144:MIM-104 Patriot 1140: 1124:Lockheed Martin 1106:and indigenous 1104:MIM-104 Patriot 1102:Procurement of 1100: 1016:MIM-104 Patriot 997: 987: 880: 864:Kadena Air Base 855: 827: 794: 788: 746: 740: 700: 694: 689: 596:exo-atmospheric 576: 568: 509: 467: 407: 341: 328: 319: 308: 302: 299: 296: 281: 270: 265: 225: 219: 193:Kwajalein Atoll 186:SM-3 Block II-A 94: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5278: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5145:Radio guidance 5142: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5093: 5088: 5086:Laser guidance 5083: 5078: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5032: 5030:Anti-radiation 5027: 5021: 5019:Passive homing 5016: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4990:Radar guidance 4987: 4981: 4979: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4910:By target type 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4849:Cruise missile 4846: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4793: 4786: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4729: 4722: 4721:External links 4719: 4718: 4717: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4630: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4600: 4587: 4557: 4538: 4512: 4488: 4459: 4433: 4407: 4389: 4371: 4347: 4317: 4310: 4292: 4272: 4251:Nevsky Bastion 4237: 4201: 4181: 4174: 4149: 4126: 4101: 4059: 4031: 3994: 3975: 3961: 3942: 3923: 3909: 3907:vendor summary 3890: 3876: 3862: 3848: 3821: 3807: 3781: 3758:Panda, Ankit. 3750: 3728: 3711:news.bbc.co.uk 3698: 3667: 3653: 3626: 3590: 3568: 3541: 3511: 3493: 3462: 3432: 3404: 3373: 3343: 3317: 3291: 3280:. 20 July 2022 3265: 3239: 3205: 3179: 3153: 3133: 3106: 3075: 3049: 3017: 3002:. Pib.nic.in. 2991: 2972: 2958: 2932: 2906: 2880: 2854: 2843:on 13 May 2021 2823: 2804: 2793:on 16 May 2013 2774: 2748: 2720: 2685: 2663: 2652:on 18 May 2012 2637: 2611: 2585: 2549: 2518: 2492: 2466: 2440: 2414: 2388: 2353: 2321: 2291: 2278: 2245: 2243:. 17 May 1993. 2221: 2195: 2180: 2164: 2159:Missile Threat 2146: 2119: 2083: 2057: 2028: 2006: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1864: 1861: 1857:SM-3 Block IIA 1779: 1776: 1747: 1744: 1730: 1727: 1713:-class cruiser 1639:first Gulf War 1630: 1627: 1594:Main article: 1591: 1588: 1566: 1563: 1547:Main article: 1544: 1541: 1494: 1491: 1438:LIM-49 Spartan 1418: 1415: 1360: 1357: 1318: 1315: 1264:Project Wizard 1236:SCR-584 radars 1194:Project Wizard 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1139: 1136: 1099: 1096: 1055:The U.S. Army 1046:terminal phase 1040:The U.S. Army 1021:The U.S. Navy 986: 983: 982: 981: 978:S-500 Prometey 975: 969: 963: 957: 951: 945: 939: 938: 937: 931: 921: 920: 919: 908: 907: 906: 879: 876: 851:Main article: 826: 823: 790:Main article: 787: 784: 776:Silver Sparrow 742:Main article: 739: 736: 696:Main article: 693: 690: 688: 685: 681: 680: 665: 659: 649: 639: 572:Main article: 567: 564: 525:United Kingdom 505:Main article: 496:FREMM frigates 466: 463: 462: 461: 456: 451: 446: 406: 403: 402: 401: 396: 391: 386: 371:MIM-104F PAC-3 340: 337: 327: 324: 321: 320: 287:listed sources 284: 282: 275: 269: 266: 264: 261: 237:Vladimir Putin 218: 215: 214: 213: 212: 211: 178: 158: 151: 140: 93: 90: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5277: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255:Missile types 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5227: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:List of ICBMs 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5091:Wire guidance 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5012:Passive radar 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4799: 4794: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4673:. SUNY Press. 4672: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4620: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4542: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4485: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4311:9780850451634 4307: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4185: 4177: 4175:9789386019837 4171: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4131: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4082:(2): 87–106. 4081: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4064: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4016: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3979: 3971: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3919: 3913: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3872: 3866: 3858: 3852: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 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