39:
31:
237:"In 2010, 158 countries reported that 18 years was the minimum legal age for marriage for women without parental consent or approval by a pertinent authority. However, in 146 countries, state or customary law allows girls younger than 18 to marry with the consent of parents or other authorities; in 52 countries, girls under age 15 can marry with parental consent. In contrast, 18 is the legal age for marriage without consent among males in 180 countries. Additionally, in 105 countries, boys can marry with the consent of a parent or a pertinent authority, and in 23 countries, boys under age 15 can marry with parental consent."
1683:
1671:
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206:). This often makes it difficult to leave a marriage, especially for the woman: in some parts of Africa, once the bride price has been paid, the wife is seen as belonging to the husband and his family; and if she wants to leave, the husband may demand back the bride price that he had paid to the girl's family. The girl's family often cannot or does not want to pay it back.
131:
over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children), it was only in 1985 that a legal reform abolished the stipulation that the husband had the sole power to administer the children's property. in the 1980s. In various
130:
in marriage were
Switzerland. In 1985, a referendum guaranteed women legal equality with men within marriage. The new reforms came into force in January 1988. Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965, and the paternal authority of a man
125:
rights, and the right to dictate the activities of children of the marriage, have typically been given to male marital partners. However, this practice was curtailed to a great deal in many countries in the twentieth century, and more modern statutes tend to define the rights and duties of a spouse
117:. Historically, many societies have given sets of rights and obligations to male marital partners that have been very different from the sets of rights and obligations given to female marital partners. In particular, the control of
381:
Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) “The
Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. August
104:
is not that prevalent, there is instead customary marriage, which is usually regulated informally by the community. In many parts of the world, spousal rights and obligations are related to the payment of
96:
The legal status of a spouse, and the specific rights and obligations associated with that status, vary significantly among the jurisdictions of the world. These regulations are usually described in
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684:
202:. In some parts of the world, the formal dissolution of a marriage is complicated by the payments and goods which have been exchanged between families (this is common where
351:
403:
754:
815:
691:
506:
139:
states at
Article 1105: "In relations between husband and wife; the position of the head of the family is the exclusive right of the husband".
38:
715:
571:
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427:
379:
394:
In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands’ permission to initiate judicial proceedings
459:
991:
488:
250:. In some parts of the world, there is greater expectations that heterosexual couples will procreate, such is the case in
664:"Protecting the Girl Child: Using the Law to End Child, Early and Forced Marriage and Related Human Rights Violations"
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42:
142:
Depending on jurisdiction, the refusal or inability of a spouse to perform the marital obligations may constitute a
30:
931:
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663:
230:
478:
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254:. For example, the payment of the bride signifies a woman's requirement to bear children, and women using
1348:
793:
816:"Women's fears and men's anxieties: the impact of family planning on gender relations in Northern Ghana"
606:
Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family Under Latin. American
Dictatorships and Democracies
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820:
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around the world, however, the husband continues to have authority; for instance the Civil Code of
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Regardless of legislation, personal relations between spouses may also be influenced by local
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There are many ways in which a spouse is chosen, which vary across the world, and include
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154:. The latter two options are more prevalent in countries where the dominant religion is
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Women's
Movements of the World : an international directory and reference guide
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1080:
976:
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226:
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814:
Bawah, Ayaga Agula; Akweongo, Patricia; Simmons, Ruth; Phillips, James F. (1999).
634:
374:
In 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing
126:
without reference to gender. Among the last
European countries to establish full
66:. The word 'spouse' can only ever be used when a couple is married legally or by
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586:"Divorce Is Now Legal in Argentina but, So Far, Few Couples Have Taken the Break"
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352:"Marriage and Family Code Chapter 5: Rights and Obligations of the Spouses"
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286:. Forcing someone to marry is also a criminal offense in some countries.
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http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/explore/cmcf-vsi-women-in-france.pdf
460:"The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology"
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523:"Los 7 mejores ejercicios para la TERAPIA DE PAREJA ¡Descúbrelos!"
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378:, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children
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Stange, Mary Zeiss, and Carol K. Oyster, Jane E. Sloan (2011).
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in 2011). In recent years, many
Western countries have adopted
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624:: divorce between 1976-1991 was allowed for non-Catholics
158:, some of which introduced divorce only recently (i.e.
1659:
100:
statutes. However, in many parts of the world, where
877:"Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014"
1695:
731:Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World, Volume 1
925:
792:United Nations Population Fund UNFPA (2012).
769:"Marriage and Cultures:marriage and culture"
753:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
47:, a Renaissance period painting depicting a
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932:
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794:"Marrying Too Young - End Child Marriage"
464:history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch
278:. The latter is in some jurisdictions a
246:In Western countries, spouses sometimes
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714:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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258:are at risks of threats and coercion.
27:Partner in a marriage or similar union
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635:"Chile introduces right to divorce"
24:
74:while a female spouse is called a
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483:. Longman Group UK. p. 254.
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442:"Switzerland profile - Timeline"
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70:. A male spouse is called a
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477:Shreir, Sally, ed. (1988).
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248:choose not to have children
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1055:Second-degree relatives
331:www.merriam-webster.com
1484:Storge (familial love)
1090:Third-degree relatives
992:First-degree relatives
327:"Definition of SPOUSE"
233:stated the following:
204:marriages are arranged
51:
44:Marriage of the Virgin
35:
34:Husband and wife, 1951
1593:National Adoption Day
1469:Agape (parental love)
733:. SAGE. p. 496.
527:Terapia de Pareja Web
86:Further information:
41:
33:
1649:Dysfunctional family
1634:Museum of Motherhood
1581:National Family Week
1447:Quarters of nobility
906:at Wikimedia Commons
1619:Wedding anniversary
1571:American Family Day
1527:Father–Daughter Day
1474:Eros (marital love)
1223:Kinship terminology
645:. November 18, 2004
1379:collateral descent
881:legislation.gov.uk
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509:2016-03-04 at the
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982:Matrifocal family
902:Media related to
832:on behalf of the
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490:978-0-89774-508-6
301:Spousal privilege
284:voidable marriage
272:arranged marriage
156:Roman Catholicism
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16:(Redirected from
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138:
134:
133:marriage laws
129:
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93:
92:Marital power
89:
79:
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57:
50:
46:
45:
40:
32:
19:
1542:Parents' Day
1532:Siblings Day
1522:Father's Day
1510:Mother's Day
1494:Polyfidelity
1489:Filial piety
1414:Family trees
1316:Crow kinship
1266:Estrangement
1161:Child-in-law
1133:
1081:Niece/Nephew
880:
871:
825:
819:
809:
800:
787:
776:. Retrieved
772:
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699:. Retrieved
692:the original
679:
670:
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638:
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548:the original
535:
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404:the original
390:
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355:
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333:. 2024-03-07
330:
321:
306:Work spouses
265:
245:
224:
208:
194:in 2004 and
141:
95:
55:
53:
43:
1369:Inheritance
1354:Family name
1213:Stepsibling
1107:Great-uncle
1062:Grandparent
242:Procreation
221:Minimum age
123:inheritance
107:bride price
1698:Categories
1614:Only child
1559:Family Day
1432:Ahnentafel
1394:Progenitor
1256:Disownment
1201:stepmother
1196:stepfather
1191:Stepparent
1183:Stepfamily
1171:son-in-law
1111:Great-aunt
1067:Grandchild
778:2020-04-02
701:2015-03-11
649:2013-11-01
557:2017-10-23
413:2014-08-25
361:2024-03-18
337:2024-03-15
313:References
170:in 1977,
98:family law
68:common law
1624:Godparent
1331:Genealogy
1208:Stepchild
957:Household
836:: 54–66.
749:cite book
610:Mala Htun
262:Selection
190:in 1996,
186:in 1991,
182:in 1991,
178:in 1987,
176:Argentina
174:in 1981,
166:in 1975,
162:in 1970,
152:annulment
88:Coverture
1503:Holidays
1427:Genogram
1364:Heredity
1359:Heirloom
1281:Marriage
1246:Affinity
1241:Adoption
1027:daughter
860:10216896
710:cite web
639:BBC News
612:, pp 102
566:cite web
507:Archived
446:BBC News
422:cite web
290:See also
215:religion
184:Colombia
180:Paraguay
164:Portugal
64:marriage
49:marriage
1709:Spouses
1676:Society
1662:Portals
1602:Related
1336:lineage
1261:Divorce
1231:Kinship
1144:husband
1039:brother
1034:Sibling
952:History
904:Spouses
211:culture
188:Ireland
82:Married
72:husband
18:Spouses
1704:Family
1644:Incest
1564:Canada
1134:Spouse
1116:Cousin
1044:sister
1010:father
1005:mother
1000:Parent
941:Family
858:
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487:
274:, and
229:. The
168:Brazil
56:spouse
1552:Japan
1072:Uncle
1017:Child
830:Wiley
828:(1).
797:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
688:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
608:, by
551:(PDF)
544:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
400:(PDF)
376:dowry
296:Bride
282:or a
196:Malta
192:Chile
172:Spain
160:Italy
115:dower
111:dowry
62:in a
58:is a
1515:U.S.
1399:Clan
1334:and
1139:wife
1076:Aunt
865:Pdf.
856:PMID
755:link
735:ISBN
716:link
622:note
572:link
485:ISBN
428:link
213:and
137:Iran
90:and
76:wife
1688:Law
1022:son
846:hdl
838:doi
643:BBC
150:or
113:or
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