515:(ADGP). The State Special Branch is responsible for collecting, assessing, and collating significant intelligence and communicating it to the government through periodic and special reports. The special branch functions as an intelligence agency and as the eyes and ears of the respective state governments. The special branch consists of several units such as Intelligence, Security, Internal Security, and sub-units like the extremist cell, digital surveillance unit, organized crime cell, VVIP security, bomb detection disposal squad, foreigners cell, passport verification, etc."
36:
320:
633:(RMP). The SB is empowered to acquire and develop intelligence on internal and external threats to the nation, subversive activities, extremist activities and activities of sabotage and spying. It is also empowered to analyse and advise on the necessary course of action to the various departments and agencies both within the Police Department and other related agencies.
850:
and assassinations against anti-Apartheid activists in the ANC and SACP. They first gained this role in the 1960s, under the regime of
Justice Minister "B.J." Vorster, who convened the Special Branch to target these groups. Controversially, they have also been linked to the bombing of anti-apartheid
302:
confirmed the existence and found the files were "scandalously inaccurate, irrelevant to security purposes and outrageously unfair to hundreds, perhaps thousands, of loyal and worthy citizens". Dunstan sacked
Salisbury for misleading Parliament about the existence of the "pink files". Special Branch
441:
is classed as one of the best intelligence units in the Asia
Pacific region. Similar to their Commonwealth counterparts, the Fijian Special Branch deals with matters of national security. They facilitate Interpol, counter terrorism, surveillance, anti-espionage and VIP protection units. Entry into
449:
The unit's name was changed to the Fiji Police
Intelligence Bureau in 2009. According to the Fijian government, this was done due to the "impact of modern crimes with other unlawful and illegal activities in national development demands dramatic changes in the Force." This was also done while the
657:
Jim
Cummings decided that the section of the Police Force dealing with subversive organisations would be designated the Special Branch, following a recent precedent established by a conference of Police Commissioners in Melbourne in November 1949. Its functions included dealing with subversive
293:
politicians, church leaders, trade unionists and so-called "pink files" on gay community activists at a time when homosexuality was still illegal. The South
Australia Police was deliberately vague about the existence of Special Branch. In 1970, Commissioner Harold Salisbury told Premier
536:), he would be observing the society in general, and also taking reports from the uniformed police constables on general patrol. The special branch staff play a very important role in collecting advance intelligence about law and order matters as well as illegal activities like
472:
in
Chinese (政治部). In 1933, the squad's English name became "Special Branch" while its Chinese name remained unchanged. In addition to anti-subversion operations, its role during its first two decades also included immigration, passport control and registration of persons.
383:. The Special Branch has twelve different sections through which it carries out the directives of the Government and around 64 district based offices, called District Special Branch and also has offices in many Upazila/Thana areas. All the members are recruited from the
1272:
580:(Irish National Police). The SDU is responsible for the investigation of threats to state security and the monitoring of persons and groups who pose a threat on both national and international fronts. The SDU works closely with other special units within the
247:
Police at the outbreak of World War II to form the
Military/Police Intelligence Branch. The civilian component was formed back into the Police Subversive Organisations Branch in 1946, which was renamed Special Branch in 1948. The
845:
groups using techniques and tactics including such as conducting surveillance, infiltrating meetings, recruiting informers, and obtaining documents and leaflets. They have also been linked to torture, extralegal detention, and
600:. The Special Detective Unit has a close working relationship with similar units in other western countries, particularly the United Kingdom, who share information to target, detect and disrupt the activities of terrorists.
1276:
851:
groups COSATU and SACC during the South
African Truth & Reconciliation Committees. It is now the Crime Intelligence Unit which investigates crime but which continues to investigate groups perceived to be
518:
There have been many allegations that the
Special Branch is used by the ruling government for setting up surveillance on their political opponents. The Special Branch has its own Detective
807:
After Singapore achieved independence, the SSB was renamed as the Internal Security Department and became a separate agency on 17 February 1966, together with its foreign counterpart, the
957:
492:
agencies in India. Like their counterparts in the United Kingdom, they deal with matters of state security. However, more serious espionage detection is the responsibility of the
153:, Irish, and other police forces. A Special Branch unit acquires and develops intelligence, usually of a political or sensitive nature, and conducts investigations to protect the
663:
1874:
267:
to incite violence so the protesters could be arrested) and investigating and harassing political opponents. It was disbanded in 1989 following a recommendation by the
310:
Special Branch was formed in 1931 and disbanded in 1983. Similar work in monitoring terrorism is conducted by the Security Intelligence Group, established in 2000.
249:
1198:
914:. Many of those in county and city police forces have since been merged or converted into inter-force regional counter terrorism units and organised crime units.
464:
In the face of a perceived direct Communist threat to Hong Kong, an Anti-Communist Squad was established in the Criminal Investigation Department of the then
1243:
1162:
259:
Special Bureau was formed on 30 July 1940 and renamed Special Branch on 7 April 1948. It has been criticised for being used for political purposes by the
1966:
252:
found Special Branch was gathering information on people who posed no threat of politically motivated violence, and as a result it was disbanded in 1997.
1971:
1600:
1329:
1699:
228:
Special Branch was renamed the Special Intelligence Branch in 1985 and merged into the Security Intelligence & Diplomatic Liaison Branch in 1995.
1867:
1652:"SPEECH BY MR LEE HSIEN LOONG,PRIME MINISTER, AT THE INTERNAL SECURITY DEPARTMENT 60TH ANNIVERSARY DINNER, 30 AUGUST 2008, 8.15 PM AT THE ISTANA"
1416:
1077:
365:
force officers and to check persons up for promotions. The Director of the Security Intelligence Branch holds the rank of Chief Superintendent.
1360:
1217:
597:
964:
679:
289:
in 1939, which was disbanded in 1945. A Subversive Section was established in 1947 and renamed Special Branch in 1949. It amassed files on
1961:
1860:
1180:
1626:
683:
1981:
765:
770:
The Internal Security Department of Singapore was initially established as the Criminal Intelligence Department in 1918 after the
1724:
1676:
477:
426:
1035:
1884:
1111:
903:
609:
512:
408:
100:
1058:
526:
rankings and superior police officer rankings. Every police station is to have a Special Branch head constable or Assistant
1934:
1920:
895:
737:
335:
263:
government in the 1970s and 1980s, such as enforcing laws against protests (sometimes outnumbering the protesters or using
192:
and related political groups regarded as extremist or subversive. They also focused on German and Japanese activity during
177:
142:
72:
20:
399:
It is responsible for the internal affairs of the country and collecting intelligence on behalf of the security services.
1766:
1017:
999:
981:
796:
The Singapore Special Branch (SSB) was first established on 23 August 1948 by the British colonial government, after the
721:
413:
The ISD was created to replace the Royal Brunei Police's Special Branch division, which was disbanded on August 1, 1993.
214:
1524:
1976:
808:
641:
The Special Branch under the control of the Myanmar Police Force is also known as the Special Intelligence Department.
387:. The chief of the Special Branch has the rank of Additional Inspector General (Addl IGP) and reports directly to the
79:
1900:
1835:
1824:
1809:
1794:
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932:
753:
119:
1506:
812:
786:
585:
571:
541:
443:
299:
201:
188:
Most state police forces and the federal police had a Special Branch. They were tasked mainly with monitoring the
1956:
1747:
1247:
816:
442:
Special Branch is usually by recruitment. Even though it is a police unit, Special Branch also recruits from the
53:
86:
828:
659:
146:
57:
793:. It was disbanded in 1948 and two secret branches, one in Singapore and the other in Malaysia, were created.
712:
Special Branch sections of the New Guinea Police Force and Royal Papuan Constabulary, in Australia-controlled
790:
589:
1488:
1915:
1691:
1337:
928:
465:
388:
232:
189:
173:
68:
733:
493:
374:
362:
343:
1430:
Thompson, Rhys (2 January 2020). "Securing the colony: the Burma Police Special Branch (1896 – 1942)".
701:
459:
324:
24:
740:. It remained active following the dissolution of the federation and was instrumental in creating the
1910:
923:
907:
695:
496:(IB), India's federal internal security agency. The nomenclature varies from state to state, such as
256:
225:
218:
1651:
1368:
1221:
872:
778:
671:
626:
620:
206:
480:
in 1997. Units of SB were reassigned under the Security Wing (Department B) – Crime and Security.
1830:
Wilson, Ray and Adams, Ian (2015). "Special Branch: a History 1883 - 2006". Biteback Publishing.
841:'s Security Branch, also known as the Special Branch was a police unit often used to attack anti-
797:
717:
438:
180:
as the unit's remit widened to include more than just Irish Republican-related counterespionage.
150:
46:
1852:
540:
plantation/transportation, illicit attacks, etc. They forward the information to the respective
801:
630:
559:
553:
290:
282:
1102:
Cunningham, Andrew (1981). "Industrial Relations". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).
511:
The Special Branch functions at the state level and is headed by a senior-ranked officer, the
884:
800:(CPM) launched an armed uprising to establish a communist state. It was structured under the
771:
425:
was a counterintelligence unit or "Special Branch" from 1950 to 1984. It was replaced by the
422:
240:
158:
736:(BSAP) developed its Special Branch in the early 1950s amid growing political unrest in the
658:
organisations and vetting public servants. Known targets of the Special Branch included the
93:
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847:
838:
8:
899:
654:
593:
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260:
236:
169:
1847:
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911:
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268:
1802:
Serving Secretly: An Intelligence Chief on Record: Rhodesia into Zimbabwe 1964 to 1981
1566:
Serving Secretly. An Intelligence Chief on Record: Rhodesia into Zimbabwe 1964 to 1981
1831:
1820:
1805:
1790:
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1459:
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384:
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138:
1439:
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1136:
358:
1443:
1770:
1751:
537:
351:
339:
307:
244:
154:
1552:
My Gun, My Brother: The World of the Papua New Guinea Colonial Police, 1920–1960
653:
Special Branch was formally created on 29 December 1949. At the time, the-then
1763:
1601:"Keeping Singapore Safe: The Story of the Internal Security Department - RSIS"
1510:
1390:
1140:
1021:
1003:
985:
1950:
1905:
1451:
781:(MSS) which was not yet fully operational by the time of the outbreak of the
741:
532:
527:
235:
Subversive Organisations Branch was formed in 1933. It was combined with the
1848:
Scottish Executive – Guidelines on Special Branch Work in the United Kingdom
1817:
Assignment Selous Scouts: Inside Story of a Rhodesian Special Branch Officer
1570:
Assignment Selous Scouts: Inside Story of a Rhodesian Special Branch Officer
782:
678:. In November 1956, the Special Branch's functions were transferred to the
489:
286:
193:
756:
and later, the Police Internal Security and Intelligence division (PISI).
298:
that Special Branch did not exist. A 1977 inquiry by Justice White of the
347:
295:
137:
is a label customarily used to identify units responsible for matters of
361:
on persons who have been recruited for jobs such as police officers and
1692:"Documents show how Special Branch infiltrated Anti-Apartheid Movement"
1314:
819:(MINDEF) and MHA with SID and ISD falling under the them respectively.
675:
1754:, South East Regional Organised Crime Unit. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
1744:
1391:"The Crime & Security Branch (CSB) / Special Detective Unit (SDU)"
752:
independence in 1980, the Special Branch was succeeded in part by the
1492:
864:
842:
834:
523:
519:
35:
749:
354:
276:
275:. The Special Branch destroyed its records before Fitzgerald could
204:
was formed in 1917 as "a form of federal special branch" under the
1627:"PMO | PM Lee Hsien Loong at the ISD 75th Anniversary Gala Dinner"
906:
going on to form its own Special Branch. In Northern Ireland, the
1882:
217:
Special Branch was established in 1957. It was absorbed into the
161:, particularly terrorism and other extremist political activity.
785:. The MSS was disrupted by the Japanese invasion and subsequent
346:. It is mandated to perform intelligence operations inside the
1475:
Spies and Revolutionaries: A History of New Zealand Subversion
1417:"Police receive orders to reform National Intelligence Bureau"
1301:
Fu, H L; Cullen, R (2003). "Political Policing in Hong Kong".
1787:
The Branch: History of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch
1477:. Auckland: Reed Publishing. pp. 162–63, 191–94, 229–31.
1104:
The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level
319:
1273:"22/09/09 – Cabinet approves name change for special branch"
558:
In Ireland, the 'Special Branch' is known officially as the
379:
The Bangladeshi Special Branch is an intelligence agency of
1509:. New Zealand Security Intelligence Service. Archived from
1491:. New Zealand Security Intelligence Service. Archived from
815:
until 11 August 1970, when the ministry was split into the
1127:
Baird, Barbara (2001). "The Death of a Great Australian".
1199:"Changes to anti-terror squad will make Victorians safer"
774:
of 1915. In 1933, the CID was renamed as Special Branch.
667:
1163:"Political surveillance and the South Australian Police"
250:
Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service
720:, were established in 1947. These were merged into the
357:
and foreigners. The branch is also mandated to perform
1218:"Judge To Decide on Prosecutor's Trial By Month's End"
1669:
1165:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from
666:, and the left-wing New Zealand diplomat and alleged
334:, also known as Special Branch, is the main domestic
1489:"New Zealand Security Intelligence Service Archives"
598:
Defence Forces Directorate of Military Intelligence
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1773:, Thames Valley Police. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
1181:"Infiltrating community groups has a long history"
1101:
700:The Special Branch is an intelligence unit of the
1106:. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 163–178.
476:The division was disbanded in 1995, prior to the
285:formed an Intelligence Branch at the outbreak of
1948:
811:(SID). Both agencies operated under the former
168:, as it was then known, was a unit of London's
1624:
1126:
1868:
488:The Special Branch is a separate wing in the
1568:, (London: John Hammond); Parker, J. (2006)
1525:"Special Branch to check police performance"
952:
950:
948:
1397:. An Garda Síochána (Irish National Police)
1215:
592:(ERU), and Ireland's national and military
1967:Types of police unit of the United Kingdom
1875:
1861:
629:is an intelligence agency attached to the
1972:1883 establishments in the United Kingdom
1677:"Security Branch - the O'Malley Archives"
1554:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 99.
1216:Lightbourne, Sasha L. (2 February 2011).
945:
684:New Zealand Security Intelligence Service
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1429:
1300:
1120:
1069:
1053:
1051:
1049:
982:"Police Subversive Organisations Branch"
958:"A History of Australian Federal Police"
931:(military police, the equivalent of the
766:Internal Security Department (Singapore)
570:unit operates under the auspices of the
318:
1901:Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
1358:
1330:"KMT spies infiltrated colonial police"
1296:
1294:
1267:
1265:
1173:
1018:"New South Wales Police Special Branch"
867:) was created in late 1966 tasked with
674:and the civil servant and intellectual
1949:
1549:
1361:"FBI-style security squad to start up"
1244:"Special branch undergoes name change"
1209:
902:, formed in London in 1883, with each
777:In 1939, it was restructured into the
478:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong
427:Canadian Security Intelligence Service
1856:
1689:
1575:
1327:
1075:
1046:
1000:"Military/Police Intelligence Branch"
804:and headed by a Deputy Commissioner.
610:National Intelligence Service (Kenya)
513:Additional Director General of Police
409:Internal Security Department (Brunei)
1472:
1321:
1291:
1262:
738:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
21:Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)
1930:
1727:from the original on 20 August 2016
1702:from the original on 26 August 2016
1275:. Fijian government. Archived from
871:as an intelligence agency attached
722:Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
707:
450:police force was being modernised.
172:formed in March 1883 to combat the
13:
1962:Law enforcement agencies of Brunei
1819:. Alberton, South Africa: Galago.
1779:
1625:katherine_chen (27 October 2023).
1618:
1432:Intelligence and National Security
863:The Special Branch of Ceylon (now
809:Security and Intelligence Division
748:. Following formal recognition of
14:
1993:
1841:
1764:South East Counter Terrorism Unit
1631:Prime Minister's Office Singapore
889:
754:Central Intelligence Organisation
572:Crime & Security Branch (CSB)
23:. For the British TV series, see
19:For the British police unit, see
1789:. London: Secker & Warburg.
1690:Evans, Rob (26 September 2005).
1550:Kituai, August Ibrum K. (1998).
875:. This was closed down in 1970.
813:Ministry of Interior and Defence
530:(ASI) (working plain clothes or
444:Republic of Fiji Military Forces
332:Security and Intelligence Branch
300:Supreme Court of South Australia
34:
1982:Law enforcement in South Africa
1757:
1738:
1713:
1683:
1644:
1593:
1583:"A Cause Greater Than Our Self"
1558:
1543:
1517:
1499:
1481:
1466:
1423:
1409:
1383:
1359:Goodsir, Darren (1 June 1995).
1352:
1236:
1220:. Jones Bahamas. Archived from
1191:
1155:
1076:Gould, Ian (16 November 2005).
1036:"The making of civil liberties"
1020:. State Records. Archived from
1002:. State Records. Archived from
984:. State Records. Archived from
822:
437:The Special Branch unit of the
45:needs additional citations for
1095:
1059:"Inside Queensland's spy unit"
1028:
1010:
992:
974:
963:. Archives ACT. Archived from
829:Security Branch (South Africa)
682:, which was later renamed the
660:Communist Party of New Zealand
644:
1:
1444:10.1080/02684527.2019.1664517
1129:Journal of Australian Studies
939:
898:in the world was that of the
506:State Intelligence Department
368:
164:The first Special Branch, or
1246:. Connect Me. Archived from
929:Special Investigation Branch
858:
759:
680:New Zealand Security Service
453:
389:Prime Minister of Bangladesh
233:New South Wales Police Force
190:Communist Party of Australia
183:
174:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
1507:"Records held by the NZSIS"
917:
878:
734:British South Africa Police
727:
689:
614:
468:by 1930. It was named the
375:Special Branch (Bangladesh)
344:Commonwealth of the Bahamas
210:. It was disbanded in 1919.
10:
1998:
882:
855:such as social movements.
826:
763:
702:Police Service of Pakistan
693:
636:
618:
607:
586:National Surveillance Unit
551:
547:
460:Special Branch (Hong Kong)
457:
406:
372:
325:Royal Bahamas Police Force
314:
157:from perceived threats of
25:Special Branch (TV series)
18:
1977:Protective security units
1911:Forward Intelligence Team
1891:
1141:10.1080/14443050109387722
924:Forward intelligence team
908:Royal Ulster Constabulary
798:Communist Party of Malaya
696:Special Branch (Pakistan)
542:Superintendents of police
416:
402:
394:
226:Australian Federal Police
219:Australian Federal Police
202:Commonwealth Police Force
16:Police intelligence units
1883:Specialist units of the
1804:. London: John Hammond.
1785:Allason, Rupert (1983).
1587:Ministry of Home Affairs
1365:South China Morning Post
1334:South China Morning Post
779:Malayan Security Service
672:Desmond Patrick Costello
664:Waterside Workers' Union
627:Malaysian Special Branch
621:Malaysian Special Branch
603:
483:
350:to ensure the safety of
207:War Precautions Act 1914
1750:15 October 2016 at the
787:occupation of Singapore
718:Territory of New Guinea
590:Emergency Response Unit
432:
1957:Hong Kong Police Force
1721:"The 'special branch'"
1078:"A Feast of diversity"
802:Singapore Police Force
631:Royal Malaysian Police
560:Special Detective Unit
554:Special Detective Unit
544:for necessary action.
327:
303:was disbanded in 1984.
291:Australian Labor Party
283:South Australia Police
1885:United Kingdom police
1572:, (Alberton: Galago).
1473:Hunt, Graeme (2007).
1303:Hong Kong Law Journal
885:Special Branch Bureau
848:forced disappearances
764:Further information:
619:Further information:
552:Further information:
423:RCMP Security Service
322:
241:Royal Australian Navy
1815:Parker, Jim (2006).
1800:Flower, Ken (1987).
1513:on 20 November 2014.
1328:Seawright, Stephen.
1169:on 27 November 2012.
1082:Sydney Star Observer
910:(1922–2001) had the
904:British police force
853:enemies of the state
839:South African Police
498:State Special Branch
470:Political Department
166:Special Irish Branch
54:improve this article
1921:Police Support Unit
1769:1 July 2016 at the
1723:. 13 January 2012.
1529:The Express Tribune
1495:on 5 February 2013.
900:Metropolitan Police
873:Ceylon Police Force
817:Ministry of Defence
655:Police Commissioner
594:intelligence agency
568:counterintelligence
522:, Head Constables,
494:Intelligence Bureau
237:Commonwealth Police
215:Commonwealth Police
170:Metropolitan Police
1926:Road Policing Unit
1896:Basic Command Unit
1564:Flower, K. (1987)
1531:. 24 December 2022
1250:on 26 October 2009
1187:. 16 October 2008.
1042:. 13 October 2007.
912:RUC Special Branch
746:Rhodesian Bush War
714:Territory of Papua
651:New Zealand Police
502:Special Branch CID
328:
269:Fitzgerald Inquiry
176:. The name became
1944:
1943:
1419:. 9 January 2015.
1113:978-0-582-71466-3
869:national security
564:counter-terrorist
439:Fiji Police Force
385:Bangladesh Police
381:Bangladesh Police
359:background checks
273:police corruption
257:Queensland Police
139:national security
130:
129:
122:
104:
1989:
1877:
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1863:
1854:
1853:
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1420:
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1407:
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1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1367:. Archived from
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:. Archived from
1325:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1279:on 17 March 2012
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1073:
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1055:
1044:
1043:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1024:on 5 April 2012.
1014:
1008:
1007:
1006:on 5 April 2012.
996:
990:
989:
988:on 5 April 2012.
978:
972:
971:
969:
962:
954:
783:Second World War
708:Papua New Guinea
466:Hong Kong Police
340:security service
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Special Branch"
62:
38:
30:
1997:
1996:
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1986:
1947:
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1945:
1940:
1887:
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1844:
1782:
1780:Further reading
1777:
1771:Wayback Machine
1762:
1758:
1752:Wayback Machine
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1607:
1605:www.rsis.edu.sg
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47:verification
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1661:21 February
1636:21 February
1610:21 February
1315:10722/75000
744:during the
645:New Zealand
562:(SDU). The
508:(SID),etc.
296:Don Dunstan
243:Police and
1951:Categories
1935:Met Police
1731:2016-07-19
1706:2016-07-19
1401:6 February
1375:21 January
1344:21 January
940:References
894:The first
750:Zimbabwean
676:Bill Sutch
588:(NSU) and
520:Constables
504:(SB-CID),
369:Bangladesh
159:subversion
80:newspapers
1460:203524218
1452:0268-4527
1283:14 August
1254:14 August
1149:141435368
865:Sri Lanka
859:Sri Lanka
843:Apartheid
835:Apartheid
760:Singapore
724:in 1950.
524:Inspector
454:Hong Kong
184:Australia
1767:Archived
1748:Archived
1745:About Us
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1700:Archived
918:See also
879:Thailand
728:Rhodesia
690:Pakistan
615:Malaysia
538:cannabis
355:citizens
352:Bahamian
277:subpoena
221:in 1979.
1228:2 March
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1185:The Age
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574:of the
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363:defence
348:Bahamas
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101:JSTOR
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