17:
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91:
298:
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423:
219:
who now were the holders of the honorary dignity. The term ceased to be used in these contexts after circa 1075, and by the time
165:
By the early 8th century, these titles had lost their original military connotations and become honorific titles. The title of
328:
76:
492:
529:
458:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
483:
140:
in imperial service. The various generals and provincial governors also maintained military attendants called
16:
539:
306:
124:(the imperial "sacred chamber") charged with military duties. They are attested from the reign of Emperor
103:
Originally, the term was probably applied to both private and imperial bodyguards. The original imperial
183:
of 899, it occupies the seventh-highest place in the hierarchy of ranks for non-eunuchs, above the
108:
432:
174:
282:
8:
456:
191:
488:
478:
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462:
272:
80:
244:
154:
136:
for eunuchs in 532 probably suggests the existence by then of other, non-eunuch,
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65:
53:
45:
466:
523:
179:
125:
510:
416:
220:
170:
112:
68:
129:
21:
435:, Institutul de Lingvistică "Iorgu Iordan", Editura Univers Enciclopedic
452:
275:, commander of the cavalry and second-in-command of the army after the
253:
162:"), which became a separate dignity probably in the late 7th century.
208:
96:
487:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1935–1936.
303:
260:
169:
ranked initially quite high, being awarded for instance by
Emperor
276:
225:
185:
144:, whilst those of the emperor were distinguished with the prefix
509:
du Fresne, Carolo (1883–1887). "Spatharius (t. 7, col. 545a)".
61:
323:
268:
200:
177:(r. 717–741). It gradually declined, however, and in the
132:
held the post. The existence of the specific title of
148:("imperial ones"). The officer leading the imperial
75:in the 5th–6th centuries, later becoming a purely
521:
299:Milites Ordinis Militaris S. Jacobi de la Spatha
199:, the insignia of the dignity was a gold-hilted
508:
430:
421:
173:(r. 685–695) to his friend and future emperor
233:was held to be completely insignificant.
512:Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis
90:
15:
473:
424:Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române
355:
107:were probably or later became also the
522:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
329:Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
535:Guards units of the Byzantine Empire
451:
403:
391:
379:
367:
236:
215:("household"), as distinct from the
71:imperial bodyguards in the court in
461:. London: Oxford University Press.
13:
502:
484:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
340:
14:
551:
128:(r. 408–450), where the eunuch
409:
397:
385:
373:
361:
1:
515:(in French). Niort: L. Favre.
334:
229:in the early 12th century, a
203:. At the same time, the term
291:swyrd-bora. Id est, Ensifer.
267:was the keeper of the royal
7:
317:
10:
556:
445:
86:
64:-bearer") were a class of
477:(1991). "Spatharios". In
296:In the 12th century, the
57:
530:Byzantine court titles
431:
422:
134:spatharokoubikoularios
100:
49:
29:
358:, pp. 1935–1936.
94:
19:
289:as "sword-bearer": "
217:basilikoi spatharioi
205:oikeiakos spatharios
175:Leo III the Isaurian
540:Medieval bodyguards
207:still designated a
195:. According to the
479:Kazhdan, Alexander
475:Kazhdan, Alexander
394:, pp. 22, 26.
192:spatharokandidatos
120:), members of the
101:
95:A Grand Spătar of
30:
24:of John, imperial
283:Ælfric of Eynsham
237:Other occurrences
547:
516:
498:
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440:
439:
437:
427:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
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359:
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309:, were known as
211:of the imperial
122:sacrum cubiculum
81:Byzantine Empire
77:honorary dignity
59:
555:
554:
550:
549:
548:
546:
545:
544:
520:
519:
505:
503:Further reading
495:
448:
443:
433:Academia Română
429:(in Romanian).
415:
414:
410:
402:
398:
390:
386:
378:
374:
366:
362:
354:
341:
337:
320:
307:chivalric order
245:Lex Alemannorum
239:
155:prōtospatharios
152:held the title
89:
12:
11:
5:
553:
543:
542:
537:
532:
518:
517:
504:
501:
500:
499:
493:
471:
447:
444:
442:
441:
408:
396:
384:
372:
370:, p. 112.
360:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
326:
319:
316:
315:
314:
294:
280:
257:
238:
235:
189:and below the
118:koubikoularioi
88:
85:
73:Constantinople
28:, 10th century
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
552:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
525:
514:
513:
507:
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496:
494:0-19-504652-8
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
436:
434:
428:
426:
425:
418:
412:
406:, p. 22.
405:
400:
393:
388:
382:, p. 27.
381:
376:
369:
364:
357:
352:
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346:
344:
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321:
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198:
197:Klētorologion
194:
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182:
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180:Klētorologion
176:
172:
168:
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157:
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147:
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135:
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127:
126:Theodosius II
123:
119:
115:
114:
110:
106:
98:
93:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:, literally "
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
37:
36:
27:
23:
18:
511:
482:
457:
420:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
356:Kazhdan 1991
310:
297:
290:
286:
264:
259:In medieval
249:
243:
230:
224:
221:Anna Komnene
216:
212:
204:
196:
190:
184:
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171:Justinian II
166:
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137:
133:
121:
117:
111:
104:
102:
40:
39:
34:
33:
31:
25:
453:Bury, J. B.
130:Chrysaphius
113:cubicularii
44:(singular:
22:signet ring
524:Categories
467:1046639111
335:References
304:Portuguese
287:spatharius
254:swordsmith
250:spatharius
248:(79.7), a
231:spatharios
223:wrote her
167:spatharios
160:spatharios
150:spatharioi
142:spatharioi
138:spatharioi
105:spatharioi
50:spatharius
41:spatharioi
26:spatharios
404:Bury 1911
392:Bury 1911
380:Bury 1911
368:Bury 1911
311:Spatharii
209:bodyguard
146:basilikoi
97:Wallachia
58:σπαθάριος
35:spatharii
455:(1911).
417:"spătar"
318:See also
285:glosses
273:bludgeon
261:Moldavia
158:("first
116:(Greek:
481:(ed.).
446:Sources
438:. 1988.
277:voivode
242:In the
226:Alexiad
186:hypatos
87:History
79:in the
491:
465:
265:Spătar
263:, the
109:eunuch
99:, 1827
62:spatha
324:Rynda
269:sword
252:is a
213:oikos
201:sword
69:Roman
54:Greek
46:Latin
20:Gold
489:ISBN
463:OCLC
302:, a
271:and
66:Late
32:The
38:or
526::
419:.
342:^
83:.
56::
52:;
48::
497:.
469:.
313:.
293:"
279:.
256:.
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