130:
402:
867:
390:
105:
370:
884:
1070:
is scaled and also has no spines. The mouth is slightly oblique and can be protruded a little. The upper jaw never extends back past a vertical line through the centre of the eye. There are teeth in the jaws which vary from conical or flattened but there are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. There
1181:
Sparids are highly regarded as food fish and are important target species for commercial fisheries wherever they occur. Between 1990 and 1995, the FAO Yearbook of
Fishery Statistics reported that the annual weight of landings was between 2,170 and 4,020 t (2,140 and 3,960 long tons; 2,390 and
1104:, The lateral line is single and continuous and reached the base of the caudal fin. They are very variable in colour and may be pinkish or reddish to yellowish or greyish, frequently with tints of silver or gold and dark or coloured spots, stripes or bars. The two largest species of Sparid are the
1160:
Sparidae breams are predatory with most feeding on benthic invertebrates. Smaller species in the family usually gather in schools, as do the juveniles of the larger species. The larger adult fishes are normally solitary or, at least, are less sociable and prefer deeper waters. The juveniles and
1559:
316:
within the
Sparidae. These were Boopsinae, Denticinae, Diplodinae, Pagellinae, Pagrinae, and Sparinae. However, these taxa did not resolve as monophyletic in all the analyses undertaken. These analyses support Sparidae as a monophyletic family if
1075:
which is supported by between 10 and 13 spines and 9 and 17 soft rays, with the ultimate ray being split into 2, and no incision separated the spines from the soft rays. The rearmost spines in the dorsal fin may be elongated or filamentous. The
1061:
Sparidae breams have oblong, moderately deep and compressed bodies. The head is large, with a characteristic steep dorsal slant. There are no scales on the snout but there are scales on the cheeks. The
1525:
1654:
FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the
Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae)
436:
1526:"The Bolca Fossil-Lagerstätte: A window into the Eocene World. 5. The Pesciara- Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Excursion guide"
1124:
2071:
394:
297:, with some authorities using the term "Sparoid lineage" for the families Centracanthidae, Nemipteridae, Lethrinidae and Sparidae. Since then the use of
999:
963:
440:
1912:
1951:
952:
505:
1010:
988:
927:
1165:
and some have both male and female sex organs at the same time. Others change sex as the grow, either changing from male to female, i.e.
902:
2076:
1092:
are under or immediately to the rear of the bases of the pectoral fins, supported a single spine and 5 soft rays, with an scale in the
305:
containing six families, with
Callanthidae, Sillaginidae and Lobotidae included. Other workers have found that the Centracanthidae is
1886:
1925:
1720:
1306:
1930:
605:
1161:
subadults are often markedly different in shape and colour patterns, and may be much more colourful. Many sparids are
1746:
2023:
1956:
2066:
1938:
290:
196:
309:
with
Sparidae and that the Spariformes contains only the remaining three families of the "Sparoid lineage".
1707:
1834:
1821:
1735:
301:
in more modern classifications has meant that the
Spariformes is recognised as a valid order within the
1839:
1560:"Evolutionary relationships of the Sparidae (Teleostei: Percoidei): integrating fossil and Recent data"
2005:
2028:
1966:
918:
129:
1678:
776:
730:
1233:
1598:
789:
298:
1992:
1500:
1761:
717:
1136:
Sparidae breams are found in tropical and temperate coastal waters around the world. They are
1987:
1917:
631:
466:
2015:
1979:
2056:
1860:
1808:
1379:
1290:
558:
1624:
8:
1703:
1524:
Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; MarramĂ , G.; Tyler, James C.; Zorzin., R. (2014).
932:
2061:
1799:
1408:
1381:
1145:
601:
334:
306:
217:
124:
1353:(2002). "A phylogeny of sparoid fishes (Perciformes, Percoidei) based on morphology".
2051:
1974:
1847:
1742:
1716:
1579:
1482:
1413:
1346:
1320:
1312:
1302:
1255:
1231:
1141:
979:
763:
618:
1852:
1715:. Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315.
1571:
1540:
1474:
1403:
1393:
1362:
1350:
1294:
1282:
1245:
1114:
1067:
270:. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are
244:
1813:
1328:
1191:
1105:
835:
354:
252:
248:
112:
1943:
1826:
1465:
Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype".
1122:
of 200 cm (79 in), while the smallest species is the cherry seabream (
323:, a genus formerly in the family Centracanthidae, was included. This meant that
1207:
1149:
1096:, referred to as the axillary pelvic process. The scales are typically smooth,
694:
613:
513:
492:
479:
423:
406:
171:
1575:
1564:
Earth and
Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1478:
1398:
1250:
1066:
may or may not have scales and has no spines or serrations on its margin. The
2045:
1784:
1699:
1674:
1651:
K.E. Carpenter (2001). "Sparidae". In
Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.).
1583:
1324:
1195:
1162:
1137:
1037:
830:
812:
712:
701:
543:
523:
453:
418:
329:
271:
62:
1652:
1332:
1486:
1417:
1259:
1119:
1085:
1063:
853:
770:
758:
725:
659:
639:
431:
374:
293:. Traditionally the taxa within the Spariformes were classified within the
30:
1366:
1298:
866:
401:
1899:
1793:
1380:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
1170:
1166:
974:
941:
888:
784:
748:
689:
448:
313:
302:
294:
267:
255:
181:
37:
1544:
1232:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1089:
1081:
1072:
1032:
843:
738:
566:
533:
500:
474:
346:
333:
were both now classified within
Sparidae, so that Centracanthidae is a
287:
82:
47:
1281:
1904:
1873:
1046:
1021:
871:
553:
389:
141:
87:
1891:
1755:
1698:
Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In
1432:"Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE"
1080:
is supported by 3 robust spines and between 7 and 15 soft rays. The
104:
1878:
1778:
1683:
1431:
1077:
913:
858:
797:
669:
586:
461:
283:
161:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
1316:
1345:
1101:
1097:
820:
626:
596:
319:
92:
67:
1697:
369:
1093:
876:
807:
679:
649:
576:
151:
883:
282:
Sparidae was first proposed as a family in 1818 by the French
2000:
1865:
1523:
1182:
4,430 short tons) of sparids in the Western Central Pacific.
487:
413:
The family Sparidae contains about 155 species in 38 genera:
383:
1599:"Soortenlijst van fossiele vissen uit het Eoceen van België"
353:, that name coming from the Greek for its only species the
266:, although they were traditionally classified in the order
1084:
varies from moderately deeply emarginate to forked. The
1702:; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and
1625:"Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California"
1190:
The most celebrated of the breams in cookery are the
892:, a fossil seabream from the middle Eocene of Belgium
2043:
1533:Rendiconti della SocietĂ Paleontologica Italiana
1436:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
1650:
1456:
1152:, and a few of these will enter fresh water.
1382:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
2072:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1669:
1667:
1131:
1709:Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean
1118:), both of which have a maximum published
103:
1450:
1407:
1397:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1249:
1100:, or slightly rough to the touch, weakly
1691:
1664:
882:
865:
400:
388:
368:
1673:
1596:
1285:; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016).
1227:
1225:
1223:
1088:are typically long and pointed and the
2044:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1438:. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022
1424:
1373:
1339:
1266:
1760:
1759:
1622:
1234:"Family-group names of recent fishes"
2006:FD1087D9-FFAA-4A59-FF67-A1474C76FEA7
1967:8e225615-90c5-4fad-bae4-08aa86290e98
1220:
1639:
1557:
875:, a fossil seabream from the early
312:In the past workers recognised six
13:
1461:, a new genus for the sparid fish
1457:Tanaka, F.; Iwatsuki, Y. (2015). "
1056:
14:
2088:
2077:Extant Ypresian first appearances
1517:
345:Sparidae takes its name from its
128:
35:
1729:
1616:
1590:
382:, is an important food fish in
1551:
1493:
1:
1629:Contributions to Paleontology
1289:(5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
1213:
1148:. A few species are found in
291:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1176:
1015:Bannikov & Kotylar, 2015
340:
7:
1201:
277:
10:
2093:
1185:
1169:. or from female to male,
1155:
1026:Jordan & Gilbert, 1920
993:Jordan & Gilbert, 1920
1768:
1660:. FAO Rome. p. 2990.
1576:10.1017/S0263593300000468
1479:10.11646/zootaxa.4007.2.3
1399:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
1251:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
1112:) and the red steenbras (
1110:Lithognathus lithognathus
364:
223:
216:
209:
204:
125:Scientific classification
123:
111:
102:
23:
1677:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1623:David, Lorre R. (1946).
1386:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1132:Distribution and habitat
1687:. October 2023 version.
1355:Ichthyological Research
896:Fossil genera include:
299:molecular phylogenetics
1597:Dobbels, Leon (1994).
1558:Day, Julia J. (2002).
1125:Polysteganus cerasinus
893:
880:
410:
398:
386:
1988:Paleobiology Database
1739:Mediterranean Seafood
1463:Cheimerius matsubarai
1367:10.1007/s102280200015
1299:10.1002/9781119174844
1291:John Wiley & Sons
886:
869:
802:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
753:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
743:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
707:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
571:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
538:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
404:
392:
372:
2067:Marine fish families
1293:. pp. 502–506.
1287:Fishes of the World
674:Valenciennes, 1830
1700:Phillip C Heemstra
894:
881:
411:
399:
395:Dentex fourmanoiri
387:
2039:
2038:
1975:Open Tree of Life
1762:Taxon identifiers
1741:, Penguin, 1972.
1722:978-1-990951-32-9
1679:"Family Sparidae"
1347:Kent E. Carpenter
1308:978-1-118-34233-6
1142:continental shelf
1052:
1041:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
969:
958:
947:
936:
922:
908:
862:
849:
839:
826:
825:Rafinesque, 1810
816:
803:
793:
780:
767:
754:
744:
734:
721:
708:
698:
685:
675:
665:
655:
645:
635:
622:
609:
592:
591:Rafinesque, 1810
582:
572:
562:
549:
539:
529:
528:Rafinesque, 1810
519:
509:
496:
483:
470:
457:
444:
427:
251:belonging to the
249:ray-finned fishes
238:
237:
229:
200:
2084:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1995:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1946:
1944:NBNSYS0000161019
1934:
1933:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1636:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1606:Afzettingen WTKG
1603:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1351:G. David Johnson
1343:
1337:
1336:
1279:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1229:
1115:Petrus rupestris
1050:
1036:
1025:
1014:
1003:
992:
978:
967:
956:
945:
931:
917:
906:
857:
847:
834:
824:
811:
801:
788:
775:
762:
752:
742:
729:
716:
706:
693:
683:
673:
663:
653:
643:
630:
617:
600:
590:
580:
570:
557:
547:
537:
527:
517:
504:
491:
478:
465:
452:
435:
422:
227:
226:Centracanthidae
195:
133:
132:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
16:Family of fishes
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1712:
1696:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1640:
1621:
1617:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1556:
1552:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1378:
1374:
1344:
1340:
1309:
1280:
1267:
1230:
1221:
1216:
1204:
1192:gilt-head bream
1188:
1179:
1158:
1138:demersal fishes
1134:
1106:white steenbras
1059:
1057:Characteristics
1000:Pseudosparnodus
644:Swainson, 1839
548:Swainson, 1839
518:Swainson, 1839
367:
355:gilt-head bream
343:
280:
194:
127:
113:Gilt-head bream
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2090:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2020:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1961:
1948:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1831:
1818:
1805:
1790:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1728:
1721:
1704:John E Randall
1690:
1675:Froese, Rainer
1663:
1638:
1615:
1589:
1570:(4): 333–353.
1550:
1539:(1): i–xxvii.
1516:
1505:paleobiodb.org
1492:
1473:(2): 195–206.
1449:
1423:
1372:
1361:(2): 114–127.
1338:
1307:
1265:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:Porgie fishing
1203:
1200:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1163:hermaphroditic
1157:
1154:
1150:brackish water
1133:
1130:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
984:
970:
964:Kreyenhagenius
959:
948:
937:
923:
909:
864:
863:
850:
840:
827:
817:
804:
794:
781:
768:
755:
745:
735:
722:
709:
699:
686:
676:
666:
664:GĂĽnther, 1859
656:
646:
636:
623:
614:Gymnocrotaphus
610:
606:W. F. Thompson
593:
583:
573:
563:
550:
540:
530:
520:
510:
497:
484:
480:J. L. B. Smith
471:
458:
445:
428:
407:Pagrus auratus
366:
363:
342:
339:
335:junior synonym
279:
276:
236:
235:
234:
233:
230:
221:
220:
214:
213:
207:
206:
202:
201:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
172:Actinopterygii
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
117:Sparus auratus
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2089:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1749:, pp. 86–108.
1748:
1747:0-14-046174-4
1744:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1196:common dentex
1193:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:pectoral fins
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1051:Agassiz, 1838
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
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837:
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831:Spondyliosoma
828:
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746:
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713:Polyamblyodon
710:
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692:
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687:
684:Cuvier, 1816
682:
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677:
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654:Cuvier, 1829
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581:Cuvier, 1814
579:
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551:
546:
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544:Chrysoblephus
541:
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524:Centracanthus
521:
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419:Acanthopagrus
416:
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385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
362:
360:
359:Sparus aurata
356:
352:
348:
338:
337:of Sparidae.
336:
332:
331:
330:Centracanthus
326:
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1736:Davidson, A.
1731:
1708:
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1632:
1628:
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1609:
1605:
1592:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1536:
1532:
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1501:"PBDB Taxon"
1495:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:Amamiichthys
1458:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1435:
1426:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1358:
1354:
1341:
1286:
1283:Nelson, J.S.
1244:(2): 1–230.
1241:
1237:
1189:
1180:
1159:
1135:
1123:
1120:total length
1113:
1109:
1064:preoperculum
1060:
1045:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
973:
962:
951:
946:Storms, 1896
940:
926:
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901:
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870:
854:Virididentex
852:
842:
829:
819:
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783:
771:
759:Rhabdosargus
757:
747:
737:
726:Polysteganus
724:
711:
702:
688:
678:
668:
660:Pachymetopon
658:
648:
640:Lithognathus
638:
625:
612:
602:D. S. Jordan
595:
585:
575:
565:
559:Valenciennes
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
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486:
473:
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432:Amamiichthys
430:
417:
412:
405:
393:
379:
375:Pagrus major
373:
358:
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344:
328:
324:
318:
311:
281:
274:carnivores.
263:
259:
240:
239:
210:
191:
116:
31:Early Eocene
18:
2057:Spariformes
1900:iNaturalist
1794:Wikispecies
1545:10088/25678
1442:18 December
1171:protogynous
1167:protandrous
1090:pelvic fins
975:Paracalamus
968:David, 1946
953:Ellaserrata
942:Ctenodentex
919:van Beneden
889:Ctenodentex
848:Gill, 1865
785:Sparidentex
749:Pterogymnus
690:Parargyrops
449:Archosargus
314:subfamilies
303:Percomorpha
295:Perciformes
268:Perciformes
256:Spariformes
182:Spariformes
2046:Categories
1510:2024-04-03
1317:2015037522
1214:References
1082:caudal fin
1073:dorsal fin
1033:Sciaenurus
1011:Pshekharus
989:Plectrites
928:Crommyodus
844:Stenotomus
739:Porcostoma
731:Klunzinger
567:Cymatoceps
534:Cheimerius
501:Boopsoidea
475:Argyrozona
347:type genus
307:synonymous
288:naturalist
232:Denticidae
228:Gill, 1893
197:Rafinesque
33:to present
2062:Game fish
1584:1473-7116
1333:25909650M
1325:951899884
1177:Fisheries
1068:operculum
1047:Sparnodus
1022:Rhythmias
1004:Day, 2003
980:Arambourg
957:Day, 2003
907:Day, 2003
903:Abromasta
872:Sparnodus
777:Bonaparte
695:S. Tanaka
554:Crenidens
506:Castelnau
437:F. Tanaka
341:Etymology
260:seabreams
211:see text
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
2052:Sparidae
1827:Sparidae
1814:Sparidae
1800:Sparidae
1779:Wikidata
1770:Sparidae
1706:(eds.).
1684:FishBase
1487:26623801
1418:28683774
1260:25543675
1202:See also
1194:and the
1078:anal fin
914:Burtinia
879:of Italy
813:Linnaeus
798:Sparodon
670:Pagellus
632:Holbrook
587:Diplodus
467:Swainson
462:Argyrops
443:, 2015
441:Iwatsuki
284:polymath
278:Taxonomy
272:demersal
241:Sparidae
218:Synonyms
192:Sparidae
188:Family:
162:Chordata
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
24:Sparidae
1785:Q239590
1467:Zootaxa
1409:5501477
1392:(162).
1238:Zootaxa
1186:Cookery
1156:Biology
1140:on the
1102:ctenoid
1098:cycloid
1071:is one
1038:Agassiz
861:, 1971
838:, 1849
821:Spicara
815:, 1758
792:, 1948
779:, 1831
766:, 1933
733:, 1870
720:, 1935
697:, 1916
634:, 1855
627:Lagodon
621:, 1859
619:GĂĽnther
608:, 1912
597:Evynnis
561:, 1830
514:Calamus
508:, 1861
495:, 1814
482:, 1938
469:, 1839
456:, 1865
426:, 1855
325:Spicara
320:Spicara
264:porgies
205:Genera
178:Order:
168:Class:
2029:125564
2016:114382
2013:uBio:
1993:210659
1980:186486
1964:NZOR:
1931:169180
1918:114065
1879:1SPRUF
1745:
1719:
1582:
1485:
1416:
1406:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1305:
1258:
1094:axilla
1040:, 1845
982:, 1927
935:, 1875
921:, 1873
877:Eocene
836:Cantor
808:Sparus
764:Fowler
718:Norman
703:Petrus
680:Pagrus
650:Oblada
604:&
577:Dentex
493:Cuvier
439:&
424:Peters
365:Genera
351:Sparus
258:, the
245:family
199:, 1810
2024:WoRMS
2001:Plazi
1913:IRMNG
1905:49238
1853:626ZQ
1713:(PDF)
1658:(PDF)
1602:(PDF)
1529:(PDF)
1146:slope
790:Munro
772:Sarpa
488:Boops
384:Japan
380:madai
378:, or
253:order
243:is a
1957:8169
1952:NCBI
1926:ITIS
1892:5068
1887:GBIF
1874:EPPO
1866:5203
1840:1742
1835:BOLD
1743:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1612:(4).
1580:ISSN
1483:PMID
1471:4007
1444:2023
1414:PMID
1349:and
1321:OCLC
1313:LCCN
1303:ISBN
1256:PMID
1242:3882
1144:and
933:Cope
859:Poll
454:Gill
327:and
286:and
262:and
38:Preęž’
1939:NBN
1861:EoL
1848:CoL
1822:AFD
1809:ADW
1572:doi
1541:hdl
1475:doi
1404:PMC
1394:doi
1363:doi
1295:doi
1246:doi
1128:).
361:).
247:of
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2026::
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1990::
1977::
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1941::
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1681:.
1666:^
1641:^
1633:IV
1631:.
1627:.
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1604:.
1578:.
1568:93
1566:.
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