701:, the United States requested that a more detailed report of the accident be provided. (There was even a United States congressional inquiry regarding this failure and several others.) In the report the Soviets made to the Americans, the abort was referred to as the "April 5th anomaly", and as this was the only term the Soviets ever used for the incident, that became the "official" designation for years afterwards. It was also disclosed that the booster used in the launch was an older model and not the same model that would be used for
599:
582:
542:
523:
1200:
772:
403:
758:
640:, which activated an automatic abort program. As the escape tower was long gone by this point, the abort had to be performed with the Soyuz's own engines. This separated the spacecraft from the third-stage booster and then separated the orbital and service modules of the Soyuz from the re-entry capsule. At the time, when the safety system initiated separation the spacecraft was already pointed downward toward
1025:
998:
697:'s time, it was rare to disclose anything about Soviet failures, and so the first (Soviet) publication about the realities of the flight was made only a month later (8 May 1975). The Americans were informed on 7 April 1975 after the crew had been rescued. However, as the failure occurred during preparations for the joint
635:
The launch proceeded according to plan until T+288.6 seconds at an altitude of 145 km (90 mi), when the second and third stages of the booster began separation. Only three of the six locks holding the stages together released and the third stage's engine ignited with the second stage still
662:
were extremely hostile, so they quickly destroyed documents relating to a military experiment planned for the flight. They reportedly exited the spacecraft shortly after landing and built a fire. Soon, the crew was in radio contact with a rescue team in an approaching helicopter, who confirmed they
657:
at a point 829 km (515 mi) north of the
Chinese border. The capsule landed on a snow-covered slope and began rolling downhill towards a 152 m (499 ft) sheer drop before it was stopped by the parachutes becoming snagged on vegetation. Having landed in chest-deep powder snow and a
636:
attached below it. The third stage's thrust broke the remaining locks, throwing the second stage free but putting the booster under unexpected strain that caused it to deviate from the proper trajectory. At T+295 seconds, the deviation was detected by the Soyuz's
650:(147 m/s²), the cosmonauts experienced up to 21.3 g (209 m/s²). Despite very high overloading, the capsule's parachutes opened properly and slowed the craft to a successful landing after a flight of only 21 minutes.
667:. The deep snow, the high altitude, and the terrain meant the rescuers had great difficulty in making contact with the cosmonauts. It was the next day before they were safely airlifted out. The crew were returned to
489:
with the United States which flew three months later. Lazarev never flew to space again and never fully recovered from the accident; Makarov made two more flights on board a Soyuz (both of which were to the
3408:
658:
local temperature of −7 °C (19 °F), the cosmonauts donned their cold-weather survival clothing. The cosmonauts were uncertain if they had landed in China, at a time when
674:
Initial Soviet reports stated the men had suffered no ill effects from their flight. However, subsequent reports claimed that
Lazarev was injured by the high acceleration of
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705:. The mission is referred to in some literature as Soyuz 18a or Soyuz 18–1, since the following Soyuz mission in May 1975 received the name
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The exact landing site of the capsule was a subject of debate amongst space historians in subsequent years. A Russian source quoted by
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space station for a 60-day mission. Both cosmonauts were on their second mission and had flown their first mission together,
993:
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659:
644:, which accelerated its descent significantly. Instead of the expected acceleration in such an emergency situation of 15
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The accident was partly disclosed by the normally secretive
Soviets as it occurred during preparations for their joint
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The failed Soyuz mission was the only case of a crewed booster accident at high altitude until the accident with
482:, which the crew survived. The crew, who initially feared they had landed in China, were successfully recovered.
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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1020:. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate. 1976. p. 211.
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628:, in September 1973 to test a new type of Soyuz spacecraft after the fatal accident of
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965:«Союз» без номера. В 1975 году советские космонавты выжили, упав из космоса
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116:
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1833:
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687:
617:
3448:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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994:"Summary of CIA Report on Soviet Readiness to Participate in ASTP"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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616:
Soyuz 7K-T No.39 was intended to be the second mission to take
466:
the crew failed to make orbit. The crew consisted of commander
911:. New York: Orion Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc.
3096:
2657:
641:
1044:
Rocket - Space
Corporation 'Energiya' (Fiftieth Anniversary)
455:
in 1975. The mission was expected to dock with the orbiting
709:. (The Soviets only gave numbers to successful launches.)
2576:
753:
904:
3491:Space accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
852:
16:Unsuccessful crewed launch of the Soyuz programme
3457:
939:Disasters and Accidents in Manned Space Flight
3444:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2562:
1105:
671:; the capsule was recovered some time later.
193:
187:
967:. — «Аргументы и факты», 27 November 2014.
882:. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company.
821:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
663:were in the Soviet Union, near the town of
2569:
2555:
1142:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
1112:
1098:
1056:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1137:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
1073:"Consultant Report: Soyuz Landing Safety"
932:
930:
928:
447:) was an unsuccessful launch of a crewed
1041:
1017:Soviet Space Programs, 1971-75, Volume 1
716:has stated that the landing occurred in
2535:The † sign designates failed missions.
936:
877:
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925:
871:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
443:by some sources and also known as the
2550:
1093:
1070:
902:
880:Almanac of Soviet Manned Space Flight
816:
730:
611:
570:
511:
3496:Spacecraft launched by Soyuz rockets
2533:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
2525:Uncrewed missions are designated as
1042:Semyonov, Yuri; et al. (1996).
896:
1119:
837:
13:
979:
678:. Makarov went on to take part in
14:
3512:
853:Hall, Rex; David Shayler (2003).
478:and therefore is recognized as a
1198:
1023:
996:
941:. Springer Praxis. p. 159.
857:. Springer Praxis. p. 193.
770:
756:
653:The capsule landed southwest of
597:
580:
540:
521:
401:
1064:
907:The Soviet Manned Space Program
2539:designates cancelled missions.
1071:Oberg, James (19 March 1997).
1035:
1008:
973:
955:
810:
739:6,830 kg (15,060 lb)
556:
462:, but due to a failure of the
1:
3481:Suborbital human spaceflights
1190:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
855:Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft
803:
745:192.0 km (119.3 mi)
3501:20th-century rocket launches
531:Second and last spaceflight
7:
3486:Spacecraft launched in 1975
788:, 1983 Soyuz launch failure
749:
194:
10:
3517:
267:5 April 1975, 11:26:21 UTC
198: – "Ural")
3476:Satellite launch failures
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987:Vol. 121, Page
699:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
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487:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
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26:
3471:1975 in the Soviet Union
878:Newkirk, Dennis (1990).
794:, 2018 in-flight failure
407:Salyut program insignia
3393:Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 2
3087:Ji Shu Shiyan Weixing 1
937:Shayler, David (2000).
903:Clark, Phillip (1988).
798:List of space accidents
497:
480:sub-orbital spaceflight
476:common space boundaries
219:5 April 1975, 11:04:54
85:sub-orbital spaceflight
1132:List of Soyuz missions
470:, and flight engineer
30:Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 18-1,
3466:Crewed Soyuz missions
1158:Soyuz (rocket family)
660:Sino-Soviet relations
331:Reference system
100:Spacecraft properties
65:21 minutes 27 seconds
3334:Fanhui Shi Weixing 2
2585:Orbital launches in
1333:Zond lunar programme
1210:(by spacecraft type)
1022:"April 5th Anomaly"
983:Congressional Record
727:on 11 October 2018.
464:Soyuz launch vehicle
56:Soviet space program
1168:Baikonur Cosmodrome
786:Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L
778:Soviet Union portal
562:
550:Second spaceflight
503:
298: /
23:
2440:(uncrewed landing)
1647:(uncrewed landing)
1163:Soyuz (spacecraft)
764:Spaceflight portal
731:Mission parameters
612:Mission highlights
604:Vitaly Sevastyanov
561:
502:
326:Orbital parameters
21:
3453:
3452:
2544:
2543:
2462:
2461:
2449:(uncrewed launch)
1662:(uncrewed launch)
1473:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
1448:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
1185:Soyuz abort modes
825:on 28 August 2016
609:
608:
554:
553:
430:
429:
302:50.833°N 83.417°E
67:60 days (planned)
32:April 5th Anomaly
3508:
3227:Intelsat IVA F-1
2777:Soyuz 7K-T No.39
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2467:Current missions
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1233:Soyuz 7K-OK No.1
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494:space station).
449:Soyuz spacecraft
433:Soyuz 7K-T No.39
405:
335:Geocentric orbit
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211:Start of mission
197:
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72:Orbits completed
62:Mission duration
24:
22:Soyuz 7K-T No.39
20:
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3430:Molniya-3 No.15
3304:Molniya-3 No.13
2970:Molniya-1 No.24
2891:Intelsat IV F-1
2811:Molniya-3 No.12
2750:Nauka-5KSA No.4
2674:Intelsat IV F-6
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2488:Future missions
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991:(July 14, 1975)
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108:Soyuz 7K-T No.6
75:Failed to orbit
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2765:Meteor-M No.31
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2760:Interkosmos 13
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2442:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2319:(2016–present)
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1697:
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1679:
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1669:
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1655:
1649:
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1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1063:
1034:
1007:
972:
954:
947:
924:
917:
895:
888:
870:
863:
836:
819:"Baikonur LC1"
808:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
795:
789:
782:
781:
767:
751:
748:
747:
746:
740:
732:
729:
620:to the Soviet
613:
610:
607:
606:
594:
590:
589:
577:
573:
572:
569:
558:
555:
552:
551:
537:
533:
532:
528:Vasily Lazarev
518:
514:
513:
510:
499:
496:
468:Vasily Lazarev
428:
427:
420:
414:
413:
408:
398:
397:
394:
393:
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
338:
332:
328:
327:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
307:50.833; 83.417
273:
269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
259:End of mission
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
185:
181:
180:
174:Vasily Lazarev
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
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124:
120:
119:
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110:
109:
106:
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101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
42:
38:
37:
34:
33:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3513:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
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3489:
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3404:
3401:
3399:
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3379:
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3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
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3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3273:E-8-5M No.412
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
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3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:Meteor-2 No.1
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:DS-U3-IK No.5
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
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2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
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2800:
2797:
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2773:
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2649:
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2639:
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2621:
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2616:
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2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2580:
2572:
2567:
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2558:
2553:
2552:
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2538:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2514:
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2508:
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2417:
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2402:
2399:
2393:
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2372:
2369:
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2359:
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2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
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2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
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2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Soyuz TMA-01M
2210:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
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1879:
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1867:
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1699:
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1597:
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1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
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1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
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1348:
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1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:Past missions
1206:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1030:public domain
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:
1003:public domain
995:
990:
986:
984:
976:
966:
963:
958:
950:
948:1-85233-225-5
944:
940:
933:
931:
929:
920:
918:0-517-56954-X
914:
909:
908:
899:
891:
889:0-87201-848-2
885:
881:
874:
866:
864:1-85233-657-9
860:
856:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
824:
820:
813:
809:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
779:
768:
765:
754:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
728:
726:
721:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
661:
656:
655:Gorno-Altaysk
651:
649:
648:
643:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
605:
600:
591:
588:
583:
574:
568:
565:
564:
548:
543:
534:
529:
524:
515:
509:
506:
505:
495:
493:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:space station
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
424: →
423:
418:
415:←
411:
404:
399:
395:
391:
388:Docking with
386:
382:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
311:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
196:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:
44:Docking with
43:
39:
35:
29:
25:
19:
3445:
3441:
3425:Meteor No.38
3420:Gran' No.11L
3407:
3403:Molniya-2-15
3365:
3358:
3271:
3142:Molniya-2-14
3132:Molniya-1-31
3061:Apollo–Soyuz
3059:
3050:Molniya-2-13
2957:
2900:
2846:Molniya-1-29
2803:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2672:
2648:Molniya-2-12
2605:
2536:
2530:
2526:
1732:Apollo–Soyuz
1570:
1490:Soyuz 7K-OKS
1464:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1439:Soyuz 7K-L1E
1426:
1419:
1076:. Retrieved
1066:
1043:
1037:
1016:
1010:
981:
975:
969:(in Russian)
961:
957:
938:
906:
898:
879:
873:
854:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
812:
742:
736:
722:
711:
692:
673:
652:
646:
634:
615:
587:Pyotr Klimuk
547:Oleg Makarov
484:
472:Oleg Makarov
453:Soviet Union
444:
440:
436:
435:(also named
432:
431:
375:90.0 minutes
272:Landing site
264:Landing date
178:Oleg Makarov
141:Landing mass
123:Manufacturer
41:Mission type
18:
3314:Explorer 55
3252:Explorer 54
3122:Symphonie 2
2851:Explorer 53
2529:instead of
2326:Soyuz MS-01
2205:(2010–2016)
2203:Soyuz-TMA-M
2088:Soyuz TMA-1
2081:(2002–2012)
1893:(1986–2002)
1789:Kosmos 1001
1782:(1978–1986)
1751:(1974–1976)
1704:(1974–1976)
1702:Soyuz 7K-TM
1518:(1972–1981)
1466:(1971–1972)
1441:(1969–1970)
1329:(1967–1970)
1327:Soyuz 7K-L1
1220:(1966–1970)
1218:Soyuz 7K-OK
1151:Main topics
1078:15 December
962:Сидорчик А.
817:Mark Wade.
792:Soyuz MS-10
725:Soyuz MS-10
714:James Oberg
557:Backup crew
361:Inclination
305: /
237:Launch site
216:Launch date
133:Launch mass
3460:Categories
3398:Kosmos 786
3378:Kosmos 785
3344:Kosmos 784
3339:Kosmos 783
3329:Kosmos 782
3324:Kosmos 781
3319:Kosmos 780
3299:Kosmos 779
3294:Kosmos 778
3289:Kosmos 777
3284:Kosmos 776
3257:Kosmos 775
3247:Kosmos 774
3242:Kosmos 773
3237:Kosmos 772
3222:Kosmos 771
3217:Kosmos 770
3212:Kosmos 769
3202:Kosmos 768
3197:Kosmos 767
3192:Kosmos 766
3187:Kosmos 765
3182:Kosmos 764
3177:Kosmos 763
3172:Kosmos 762
3167:Kosmos 761
3162:Kosmos 760
3157:Kosmos 759
3137:Kosmos 758
3127:Kosmos 757
3117:Kosmos 756
3107:Kosmos 755
3102:Kosmos 754
3092:Kosmos 753
3082:Kosmos 752
3077:Kosmos 751
3072:Kosmos 750
3045:Kosmos 749
3040:Kosmos 748
3035:Kosmos 747
3030:Kosmos 746
3025:Kosmos 745
3015:Kosmos 744
3000:Kosmos 743
2965:Kosmos 742
2953:Kosmos 741
2948:Kosmos 740
2943:Kosmos 739
2938:Kosmos 738
2933:Kosmos 737
2928:Kosmos 736
2923:Kosmos 735
2918:Kosmos 734
2913:Kosmos 733
2908:Kosmos 732
2881:Kosmos 731
2841:Kosmos 730
2836:Kosmos 729
2821:Kosmos 728
2816:Kosmos 727
2799:Kosmos 726
2789:Kosmos 725
2784:Kosmos 724
2770:Kosmos 723
2755:Kosmos 722
2745:Kosmos 721
2740:Kosmos 720
2735:Kosmos 719
2725:Kosmos 718
2720:Kosmos 717
2715:Kosmos 716
2710:Kosmos 715
2705:Kosmos 714
2700:Kosmos 713
2695:Kosmos 712
2690:Kosmos 711
2685:Kosmos 710
2668:Kosmos 709
2663:Kosmos 708
2643:Kosmos 707
2638:Kosmos 706
2633:Kosmos 705
2628:Kosmos 704
2618:Kosmos 703
2613:Kosmos 702
2396:(uncrewed)
1904:(uncrewed)
1900:Soyuz TM-1
1804:(uncrewed)
1758:Kosmos 670
1749:Soyuz 7K-S
1711:Kosmos 638
1586:(uncrewed)
1550:Kosmos 656
1540:Kosmos 613
1525:Kosmos 496
1516:Soyuz 7K-T
1454:Kosmos 382
1353:Zond 1967A
1342:Kosmos 146
1282:(uncrewed)
1253:Kosmos 186
1242:Kosmos 140
1237:(uncrewed)
1227:Kosmos 133
980:1975
829:11 October
804:References
690:missions.
618:cosmonauts
576:Commander
571:Cosmonaut
517:Commander
512:Cosmonaut
441:Soyuz 18-1
282:(official)
280:Kazakhstan
117:Soyuz 7K-T
105:Spacecraft
83:192.0 km (
3442:underline
3415:Prognoz 4
3005:Venera 10
2831:Aryabhata
2653:Starlette
2623:Landsat 2
2079:Soyuz-TMA
1800:Soyuz T-1
1178:Site 31/6
1052:cite book
1046:. Moscow.
688:Soyuz T-3
669:Star City
437:Soyuz 18a
392:(planned)
337:(planned)
162:Crew size
3388:OPS 3165
3383:Satcom 1
3354:OPS 5547
3349:OPS 4428
3309:Soyuz 20
3262:OPS 5499
3152:Viking 2
3112:Viking 1
3010:OPS 4966
2995:Nimbus 6
2985:OPS 6381
2980:Venera 9
2902:Soyuz 18
2896:OPS 6226
2876:OPS 9436
2871:OPS 9435
2826:OPS 4883
2730:OPS 2439
2607:Soyuz 17
2317:Soyuz MS
1891:Soyuz-TM
1721:Soyuz 16
1555:Soyuz 14
1545:Soyuz 13
1535:Soyuz 12
1499:Soyuz 10
1398:Zond-M 1
1173:Site 1/5
750:See also
718:Mongolia
707:Soyuz 18
703:Soyuz 19
695:Brezhnev
684:Soyuz 27
680:Soyuz 26
676:re-entry
630:Soyuz 11
626:Soyuz 12
622:Salyut 4
567:Position
508:Position
492:Salyut 6
457:Salyut 4
422:Soyuz 18
417:Soyuz 17
390:Salyut 4
355:192.0 km
352:Altitude
245:Site 1/5
241:Baikonur
184:Callsign
52:Operator
46:Salyut 4
3446:italics
3409:Unnamed
3267:Triad 2
2990:P-226-1
2856:Anik A3
2537:Italics
2307:TMA-20M
2302:TMA-19M
2297:TMA-18M
2292:TMA-17M
2287:TMA-16M
2282:TMA-15M
2277:TMA-14M
2272:TMA-13M
2267:TMA-12M
2262:TMA-11M
2257:TMA-10M
2252:TMA-09M
2247:TMA-08M
2242:TMA-07M
2237:TMA-06M
2232:TMA-05M
2227:TMA-04M
2222:TMA-03M
2217:TMA-02M
1780:Soyuz-T
1278:Soyuz 2
1247:Soyuz 1
743:Apogee:
451:by the
293:83°25′E
290:50°50′N
170:Members
144:1200 kg
136:6830 kg
3279:GOES 1
3147:Kiku 1
2975:SRET-2
2866:Castor
2861:Polluz
2794:GEOS-3
2594:1976 →
2579:← 1974
2527:Kosmos
2447:
2438:
2394:
2193:TMA-22
2188:TMA-21
2183:TMA-20
2178:TMA-19
2173:TMA-18
2168:TMA-17
2163:TMA-16
2158:TMA-15
2153:TMA-14
2148:TMA-13
2143:TMA-12
2138:TMA-11
2133:TMA-10
1902:
1802:
1728:
1660:
1645:
1584:
1492:(1971)
1410:Zond 7
1365:Zond 4
1280:
945:
915:
886:
861:
686:, and
665:Aleysk
371:Period
342:Regime
227:Rocket
80:Apogee
3367:DAD-B
3360:DAD-A
3097:Cos-B
3020:OSO-8
2805:RM-20
2680:Taiyo
2658:SMS-2
2531:Soyuz
2513:MS-29
2509:2026
2503:MS-28
2498:MS-27
2494:2025
2479:MS-26
2474:MS-25
2454:MS-24
2445:MS-23
2436:MS-22
2431:MS-21
2426:MS-20
2421:MS-19
2416:MS-18
2411:MS-17
2406:MS-16
2401:MS-15
2392:MS-14
2387:MS-13
2382:MS-12
2377:MS-11
2371:MS-10
2366:MS-09
2361:MS-08
2356:MS-07
2351:MS-06
2346:MS-05
2341:MS-04
2336:MS-03
2331:MS-02
2128:TMA-9
2123:TMA-8
2118:TMA-7
2113:TMA-6
2108:TMA-5
2103:TMA-4
2098:TMA-3
2093:TMA-2
2069:TM-34
2064:TM-33
2059:TM-32
2054:TM-31
2049:TM-30
2044:TM-29
2039:TM-28
2034:TM-27
2029:TM-26
2024:TM-25
2019:TM-24
2014:TM-23
2009:TM-22
2004:TM-21
1999:TM-20
1994:TM-19
1989:TM-18
1984:TM-17
1979:TM-16
1974:TM-15
1969:TM-14
1964:TM-13
1959:TM-12
1954:TM-11
1949:TM-10
1850:T-10a
1392:1969A
1376:1968B
1370:1968A
1359:1967B
989:22528
737:Mass:
642:Earth
365:51.6°
231:Soyuz
127:OKB-1
27:Names
3232:Aura
3067:DM-2
2587:1975
1944:TM-9
1939:TM-8
1934:TM-7
1929:TM-6
1924:TM-5
1919:TM-4
1914:TM-3
1909:TM-2
1881:T-15
1876:T-14
1871:T-13
1866:T-12
1861:T-11
1856:T-10
1795:1074
1479:No.2
1080:2007
1058:link
943:ISBN
913:ISBN
884:ISBN
859:ISBN
831:2018
498:Crew
195:Ural
189:Урал
157:Crew
1845:T-9
1839:T-8
1834:T-7
1829:T-6
1824:T-5
1819:T-4
1814:T-3
1809:T-2
1769:869
1763:772
1716:672
1571:18a
1530:573
1404:M 2
1347:154
1273:238
1268:213
1263:212
1258:188
693:In
439:or
221:UTC
3462::
1739:22
1726:19
1692:40
1687:39
1682:38
1677:37
1672:36
1667:35
1658:34
1652:33
1643:32
1638:31
1633:30
1628:29
1623:28
1618:27
1613:26
1607:25
1602:24
1596:23
1591:21
1582:20
1577:18
1566:17
1560:15
1505:11
1428:10
1235:†
1054:}}
1050:{{
985:,
927:^
839:^
720:.
682:,
632:.
278:,
243:,
2570:e
2563:t
2556:v
2373:†
1852:†
1841:†
1791:†
1771:†
1765:†
1734:)
1730:(
1654:†
1609:†
1598:†
1573:†
1562:†
1507:†
1501:†
1481:†
1475:†
1450:†
1421:9
1415:8
1406:†
1400:†
1394:†
1387:6
1382:5
1378:†
1372:†
1361:†
1355:†
1349:†
1335:)
1331:(
1317:9
1312:8
1307:7
1302:6
1297:5
1292:4
1287:3
1249:†
1229:†
1113:e
1106:t
1099:v
1082:.
1060:)
1032:.
1005:.
951:.
921:.
892:.
867:.
833:.
647:g
192:(
165:2
87:)
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