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800:'Heavenly Palace'), the first module of which was launched on 29 April 2021, is in low Earth orbit, 340 to 450 kilometres above the Earth at an orbital inclination of 42° to 43°. Its planned construction via 11 total launches across 2021–2022 is intended to extend the core module with two laboratory modules, capable of hosting up to six crew.
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Two types of space stations have been flown: monolithic and modular. Monolithic stations consist of a single vehicle and are launched by one rocket. Modular stations consist of two or more separate vehicles that are launched independently and docked on orbit. Modular stations are currently preferred
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is a planned commercial segment to be added to the ISS starting in the mid-2020s. Axiom Space gained NASA approval for the venture in
January 2020. Up to three Axiom modules will attach to the International Space Station. The first module, Hab One, is expected to be launched at the end of 2026 and
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resupply mission. This module, based on NASA research in the 1990s, weighed 1,400 kilograms (3,100 lb) and was transported while compressed before being attached to the ISS by the space station arm and inflated to provide a 16 cubic metres (21 cu yd) volume. Whilst it was initially
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Molds that develop aboard space stations can produce acids that degrade metal, glass, and rubber. Despite an expanding array of molecular approaches for detecting microorganisms, rapid and robust means of assessing the differential viability of the microbial cells, as a function of phylogenetic
503:
Early stations were monolithic designs that were constructed and launched in one piece, generally containing all their supplies and experimental equipment. A crew would then be launched to join the station and perform research. After the supplies had been consumed, the station was abandoned.
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also fit this description, they are usually not considered space habitats as they are heading for a destination), but the line between the two is fuzzy with significant overlap and the term space station is sometimes used for both concepts. The first such artificial satellite in fiction was
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During the first 20 years of operation of the
International Space Station, there were around 3,000 scientific experiments in the areas of biology and biotech, technology development, educational activities, human research, physical science, and Earth and space science.
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after the end of mission is reached for the ISS. However, in
September 2017, the head of Roscosmos said that the technical feasibility of separating the station to form OPSEK had been studied, and there were now no plans to separate the Russian segment from the ISS.
1401:, orbital navigation and propulsion, automation and robotics, computing and communications, environmental and life support, crew facilities, and crew and cargo transportation. Stations must serve a useful role, which drives the capabilities required.
646:, fly to the correct orbit, and dock themselves without human intervention. Connections are automatically made for power, data, gases, and propellants. The Russian autonomous approach allows the assembly of space stations prior to the launch of crew.
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sped ahead and made the Apollo program focus on what was originally planned to come after it, the lunar landing. The
Project Olympus space station, or orbiting laboratory of the Apollo program, was proposed as an in-space unfolded structure with the
173:, through which they are built and maintained, allowing the joining or movement of modules and the docking of other spacecrafts for the exchange of people, supplies and tools. While space stations generally do not leave their orbit, they do feature
500:. The hardware developed during the initial Soviet efforts remains in use, with evolved variants comprising a considerable part of the ISS, orbiting today. Each crew member stays aboard the station for weeks or months but rarely more than a year.
1380:, announced in July 2024 that has contracted Mitsui & Co. to develop a concept for a new space station module for eventual flight and docking to an American private space station as yet to be determined as of the initial announcement.
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597:; a core unit was launched, and additional modules, generally with a specific role, were later added. This method allows for greater flexibility in operation, as well as removing the need for a single immensely powerful
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669:. Connections for electrical power, data, propulsion, and cooling fluids are also made at this time, resulting in an integrated block of modules that is not designed for disassembly and must be deorbited as one mass.
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As it currently costs on average $ 10,000 to $ 25,000 per kilogram to launch anything into orbit, space stations remain the exclusive province of government space agencies, which are primarily funded by
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1572:, and the development of on-site agricultural ecosystems. Some designs might even accommodate large numbers of people, becoming essentially "cities in space" where people would reside semi-permanently.
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These space stations have been announced by their host entity and are currently in planning, development or production. The launch date listed here may change as more information becomes available.
601:. Modular stations are also designed from the outset to have their supplies provided by logistical support craft, which allows for a longer lifetime at the cost of requiring regular support launches.
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The space station environment presents a variety of challenges to human habitability, including short-term problems such as the limited supplies of air, water, and food and the need to manage
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International Space
Station : 1998-2011 (all stages) : an insight into the history, development, collaboration, production and role of the permanently manned earth-orbiting complex
54:
Size comparisons between current and past space stations as they appeared most recently. Solar panels in blue, heat radiators in red. Stations have different depths not shown by silhouettes.
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shortly before it was abandoned; this served as a proof of concept for the use of modular space stations. The later
Salyuts may reasonably be seen as a transition between the two groups.
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supply vehicles to be docked to the station, meaning that fresh supplies could be brought to aid long-duration missions. This concept was expanded on Salyut 7, which "hard docked" with a
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may attempt to address these issues, and could be designed for occupation beyond the weeks or months that current missions typically last. Possible solutions include the creation of
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Space stations provide a useful platform to test the performance, stability, and survivability of materials in space. This research follows on from previous experiments such as the
550:(1973–1979) was also equipped with two docking ports, like second-generation stations, but the extra port was never used. The presence of a second port on the new stations allowed
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687:. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its first core module, and send private astronauts to inhabit the modules. The modules would later detach into the
5433:
Groh, K. D.; Banks, B.; Dever, Joyce A.; Jaworske, D.; Miller, Sharon K. R.; Sechkar, Edward A.; Panko, Scott R. (2009). "International Space
Station Experiments (Misse 1–7)".
1722:, with its first occupation in 2000. The ISS has hosted the highest number of people in orbit at the same time, reaching 13 for the first time during the eleven day docking of
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Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
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Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
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on April 19, 1971. The early Soviet stations were all designated "Salyut", but among these, there were two distinct types: civilian and military. The military stations,
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could spend 90 days in space, at which point it needed to be replaced by a fresh Soyuz spacecraft. This allowed for a crew to man the station continually. The
American
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1706:(1973–1974), having allowed a progression of long-duration direct human presence in space. Long-duration resident crews have been joined by visiting crews since 1977 (
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mission in 2009. The record for most people on all space stations at the same time has been 17, first on May 30, 2023, with 11 people on the ISS and 6 on the TSS.
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1301:"Scheduled to be the world's first commercial space station, Haven-1 and subsequent human spaceflight missions will accelerate access to space exploration"
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1133:"The StarMax module provides up to 400 cubic meters of usable habitable volume - nearly half the volume of the International Space Station in one module."
1337:"Before offering LIFE for Orbital Reef, though, the company is proposing to launch a standalone “pathfinder” version of LIFE as soon as the end of 2026".
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2280:. The difference between the two is that habitats are larger and more complex structures intended as permanent homes for substantial populations (though
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With Russia leaving the ISS programme sometime after 2024, Roscosmos announced this new space station in April 2021 as the replacement for that program.
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Eventually will detach from the ISS in the early 2030s and form a private, free flying space station for commercial tourism and science activities.
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3341:"ISRO Chairman announces details of Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-2 and Missions to Sun& Venus India to have its own space station, says Dr K Sivan"
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A space station is a complex vehicle that must incorporate many interrelated subsystems, including structure, electrical power, thermal control,
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155:. The highest number of people at the same time on one space station has been 13, first achieved with the eleven day docking to the ISS of
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The 2nd
European Symposium on Utilisation of the International Space Station : 16-18 November 1998, ESTEC, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
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9585:
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2355:
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1228:, but will instead build a space station of its own. of 52 Tonne Mass It is intended to be built 5–7 years after the conclusion of the
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1085:"Commercial platform supporting a business designed to enable science, research, and manufacturing for customers around the world."
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5096:. Vol. 385. European Space Agency. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: European Space Agency Publications Division. pp. 19–27.
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3617:"Space Compass initiates feasibility study to commercialize telecom and on-orbit data processing for post-ISS Japanese Module"
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was merged with
Tiangong-2. The station made a controlled reentry on 19 July 2019 and burned up over the South Pacific Ocean.
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2293:" in 1869, a sphere of bricks 61 meters across accidentally launched into orbit around the Earth with people still onboard.
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1095:, to provide the main habitat for the station. As of 2024, they are no longer listed as a partner on Starlab's website.
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3959:"Curious Kids: Where does the oxygen come from in the International Space Station, and why don't they run out of air?"
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Space stations have harboured so far the only long-duration direct human presence in space. After the first station,
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5370:. Vol. 433. European Space Agency. Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, ESTEC. pp. 653–658.
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were built with two docking ports, which allowed a second crew to visit, bringing a new spacecraft with them; the
86:. The purpose of maintaining a space station varies depending on the program. Most often space stations have been
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Space Station Utilisation, Proceedings of the Symposium held 30 September – 2 October, 1996 in Darmstadt, Germany
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orbiting Earth at a height of 8,200 kilometres (5,100 mi). No further research was ever conducted. In 1951,
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5847:, October 1951, pp. 120–121; article on the subject of space exploration and a space station orbiting earth
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1434:, thermal effects of the sun and cold temperatures for very long periods of time. They are typically made from
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323:, referencing Potočnik's idea. However, development of a rotating station was never begun in the 20th century.
5502:
5210:"Overview of the space environmental effects observed on the retrieved long duration exposure facility (LDEF)"
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1718:. Uninterrupted occupation of stations has been achieved since the operational transition from the Mir to the
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in March to July 1986 was the first and as of 2016, only spacecraft to visit two different space stations,
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Noumi, Ai; Ujiie, Ryo; Ueda, Satoshi; Someya, Kazunori; Ishihama, Naoki; Kondoh, Yoshinori (2018-01-08).
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from 1994 to 1995. As of 2021, four cosmonauts have completed single missions of over a year, all aboard
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space station was in orbit from 1986 to 2001 and was supported and visited by the following spacecraft:
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The Russian "second-generation" modules are able to be reconfigured to suit changing needs. As of 2009,
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Space station air and water is brought up in spacecraft from Earth before being recycled. Supplemental
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Currently there are two fully operational space stations – the International Space Station (ISS) and
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Research conducted on the Mir included the first long term space based ESA research project EUROMIR
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129:. Uninterrupted occupation has been sustained since the operational transition from the Mir to the
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4667:"With successful splashdown, SpaceX retires first version of Dragon spacecraft – Spaceflight Now"
4614:"The last voyage of NASA's space shuttle: Looking back at Atlantis' final mission 10 years later"
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1533:. These conditions can create long-term health problems for space-station inhabitants, including
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1183:"Commercial station in LEO for research, industrial, international, and commercial customers."
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4211:. AIAA SciTech Forum. Kissimmee, Florida: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
4204:"Verification of HTV-X resilient design by simulation environment with model-based technology"
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then successfully performed an automatic rendezvous and docking in November 2011. The crewed
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3143:"Airbus et Voyager vont créer une coentreprise pour la construction d'une station spatiale"
1595:
678:
208:". The first to give serious, scientifically grounded consideration to space stations were
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was included in the project, as of 2024, it appears their primary role has been filled by
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4182:"Last in current line of Japan's HTV cargo ships departs space station – Spaceflight Now"
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is slated to expand once launch costs are lowered sufficiently. By the end of the 2020s,
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Kinard, W.; O'Neal, R.; Wilson, B.; Jones, J.; Levine, A.; Calloway, R. (October 1994).
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4241:"Russia's position in space race above India but below US and China — RealnoeVremya.com"
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Intended to serve as a science platform and as a staging area for the lunar landings of
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performed the first ever internal transfer of astronauts between two docked spaceships.
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and eventually become a lunar orbiting module which was used for station-like purposes.
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The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
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4713:"Shenzhou-12 and three crew members successfully launch to new Chinese space station"
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3118:"Voyager Space and Airbus to Form Joint Venture for Starlab Commercial Space Station"
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This article is about an outpost in space. For radio broadcasts sent from space, see
7131:
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5258:"The Long Duration Exposure Facility—A forgotten bridge between Apollo and Stardust"
2748:
Engineering Challenges to the Long-Term Operation of the International Space Station
337:
The first human flew to space and concluded the first orbit on April 12, 1961, with
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2356:"Chinese astronaut launch breaks record for most people in orbit – Spaceflight Now"
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docking. While never realized, the Apollo command and service module would perform
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performed the first docked, but not internal, crew transfer, and finally in March
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642:
The Russian Orbital Segment's "second-generation" modules were able to launch on
5982:
3560:"Sierra Space describes long-term plans for Dream Chaser and inflatable modules"
3501:"Vast and SpaceX aim to put the first commercial space station in orbit in 2025"
3063:"SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission"
2774:"SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission"
2645:
1993:(1986–2000) – An additional Progress spacecraft was used in 2001 to deorbit Mir.
293:
was published, the first to envision a "rotating wheel" space station to create
9124:
8727:
8707:
8634:
8596:
8496:
8459:
8017:
7797:
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7588:
7515:
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7397:
7370:
7224:
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7065:
7043:
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6976:
6513:
6489:
6457:
5606:
5602:
5590:
5559:
5555:
5543:
5152:
5059:
4339:
4203:
3933:
3855:
3477:
2290:
2262:
1711:
1534:
1526:
1470:
year lifetime it was still attached and being used for storage in August 2022.
1283:
1036:
598:
594:
555:
479:
399:
383:
345:
306:
213:
205:
122:
5829:
5784:
Manned space stations" Their construction, operation and potential application
5688:
4909:"Spaceflight Now | Mir | Deorbiting space tug arrives at Russia's Mir station"
4588:"Space History Photo: Madeleine Albright & Daniel Goldin at STS-88 Launch"
10152:
9362:
8752:
8702:
8677:
8558:
8317:
8116:
8096:
7409:
7392:
7213:
7136:
7099:
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7028:
7006:
6986:
6949:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6427:
6376:
6345:
5879:
5696:
5506:
5338:
5289:
5083:
4908:
4885:"Spaceflight Now | Mir | Space tug poised for launch to Russia's Mir station"
4082:
3675:
3622:(Press release). Space Compass Corporation. 26 September 2023. Tokyo, Japan.
3317:
2555:
2513:
2415:
2273:
2216:
2191:
2005:
1891:
1557:
1314:
1278:
1156:
1145:
1106:
1052:
1025:
1014:
936:
929:
855:
847:
748:
688:
662:
353:
170:
159:
99:
5672:
5393:
5119:
5035:
5010:
3398:
2873:"China's Tiangong-1 Space Station Has Fallen Back to Earth Over the Pacific"
1710:), and stations have been occupied by consecutive crews since 1987 with the
360:
flight and an orbital laboratory station in orbit of Earth, at times called
8862:
8781:
8747:
8737:
8712:
8543:
8368:
8194:
8180:
7971:
7926:
7583:
7466:
7360:
7300:
7283:
7109:
7087:
7038:
6996:
6981:
6966:
6832:
6791:
6756:
6576:
6462:
6355:
5242:
5160:
5141:"Astronauts have conducted nearly 3,000 science experiments aboard the ISS"
3191:
2313:
1676:
1605:
1601:
1462:
1319:
1161:
1138:
512:
467:
148:
6534:
Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
5859:
5809:
Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Space Stations
3492:
3439:
3014:"China to begin construction of space station this year – Spaceflight Now"
2746:
2531:
2489:
8955:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8732:
8667:
8538:
8479:
8348:
8338:
8235:
8229:
8012:
8000:
7995:
7946:
7921:
7891:
7886:
7834:
7829:
7654:
7568:
7527:
7488:
7365:
7196:
7119:
7082:
6971:
5821:
5365:
5091:
3584:
3551:
2195:
2166:
1661:
1150:
941:
733:
650:
357:
219:
152:
5314:"Shuttle and MIR Special Environmental Effects and Hardware Cleanliness"
4216:
653:
was considering the removal and reuse of some modules of the ROS on the
9681:
8742:
8474:
8254:
8201:
7941:
7520:
7104:
6241:
6204:
6107:
6102:
6026:
5598:
5551:
5281:
5036:"SP-4208 LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE: A HISTORY OF SKYLAB – Chapter 17"
5011:"SP-4208 LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE: A HISTORY OF SKYLAB – Chapter 15"
4687:"China space station: Shenzhou-12 delivers first crew to Tianhe module"
3505:
1775:
1774:
Many spacecraft are used to dock with the space stations. Soyuz flight
1647:
1600:
Like uncrewed spacecraft close to the Sun, space stations in the inner
1522:
763:
759:
729:
725:
721:
543:
497:
493:
67:
3633:
3237:
3235:
8553:
8403:
8215:
8208:
7637:
7603:
7434:
7355:
7278:
7273:
7244:
6991:
6944:
6813:
6796:
6236:
6225:
6220:
6130:
6125:
4763:"China launches Tianzhou 2, first cargo mission to new space station"
3597:
3564:
3067:
2933:
2830:"China launches TianGong-1 to mark next human space flight milestone"
2778:
2723:
2187:
1987:
1850:
1828:
1250:
1229:
1019:
984:
455:
274:
200:
The first mention of anything resembling a space station occurred in
7239:
3525:
1453:
The International Space Station has a single inflatable module, the
1426:
Space stations are made from durable materials that have to weather
9149:
8268:
8106:
7573:
7429:
7414:
7155:
6862:
6710:
6231:
6076:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6011:
4642:"SpaceX Launches Private Capsule on Historic Trip to Space Station"
4315:"Cygnus sets date for next ISS mission – Castor XL ready for debut"
3609:
3593:"Japanese venture seeks to develop commercial space station module"
3299:"ISRO Looks Beyond Manned Mission; Gaganyaan Aims to Include Women"
3275:
3232:
3216:"Blue Origin andn Sierra Space Developing Commercial Space Station"
3092:
2849:
2845:"Tiangong-1: Defunct China space lab comes down over South Pacific"
2804:"NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module"
2329:
2309:
2208:
2186:, guests sometimes pay $ 50 million to spend the week living as an
1783:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1679:
1439:
1221:
539:
535:
524:
520:
516:
508:
471:
430:
403:
395:
391:
338:
250:
114:
110:
3054:
865:
716:
Rendering of the completed Tiangong Space Station in November 2022
9676:
8913:
8469:
8373:
7510:
7498:
7424:
6823:
6801:
6676:
6661:
6350:
5311:
Harvey, Gale A; Humes, Donald H; Kinard, William H (March 2000).
1723:
1271:
732:
then docked with Tiangong-1 in June 2012, followed by the crewed
426:
422:
413:
302:
266:
156:
8286:
5718:
Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations
5362:"Transitioning from Spacelab to the International Space Station"
3333:
2533:
Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations
47:
9134:
8388:
7951:
7148:
7143:
6857:
6852:
6818:
6806:
6751:
6703:
6696:
6671:
6666:
6545:
6081:
4960:
4131:"NASA Adds Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser To ISS Supply Vehicles"
3826:"Bigelow Aerospace transfers BEAM space station module to NASA"
3644:
3641:"Mitsui selected to conduct a concept study of Japanese module"
3461:
3407:"India's own space station to come up in 5–7 years: Isro chief"
3093:"Russia to set up national orbital outpost in 2027 — Roscosmos"
2018:
1703:
1627:
1550:
1447:
1245:
1092:
1047:
979:
875:
785:
752:
547:
483:
459:
450:
442:
118:
4986:"STS-91 Space Radiation Environment Measurement Program -TOP-"
4738:"China launches new cargo ship to Tianhe space station module"
3747:"CRS-8 Dragon completes ISS mission, splashes down in Pacific"
3724:
3431:
2975:"China plans to launch core module of space station this year"
7268:
6847:
6779:
6774:
6689:
6644:
6639:
6538:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
6535:
6294:
6016:
3167:
1823:
1796:
List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
1683:
1349:
1195:
1058:
886:
635:(USOS). The first module of the International Space Station,
528:
475:
446:
9952:
R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
1702:
crew, space stations have been operated consecutively since
462:(1973–1974), the first U.S. space station and second overall
6900:
6784:
6649:
5817:
5206:
4464:"CRS-21 Dragon completes mission with splashdown off Tampa"
4290:"Orbital's Antares launches Cygnus on debut mission to ISS"
3881:
3797:"All about BEAM, the space station's new inflatable module"
3038:
2719:"International partners in no rush regarding future of ISS"
2114:, a free flying experimental platform which flew from April
1377:
1354:
1200:
913:
891:
860:
242:
5473:
Center, NASA's Marshall Space Flight (15 September 2021).
5184:"20 Breakthroughs from 20 Years of Science aboard the ISS"
4036:
3934:"Basics of Space Flight Section II. Space Flight Projects"
2381:"Strange Forgotten Space Station Concepts That Never Flew"
9223:
6629:
6059:
4487:
Jenniskens, Peter; published, Jason Hatton (2008-09-25).
4209:
2018 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference
3535:(Press release). Long Beach, California: Vast Space LLC.
1980:
1779:
1719:
1715:
1491:
589:
579:
569:
488:
126:
5741:
Architecture for Astronauts – An Activity based Approach
2238:
1800:
Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
470:
developed and launched the world's first space station,
147:(TSS), which have been occupied since October 2000 with
117:. Consecutively space stations have been operated since
4265:"Orel, the russian capsule that will replace the Soyuz"
3772:"BEAM installed on ISS following CRS-8 Dragon handover"
3243:"Prime Minister reviews readiness of Gaganyaan Mission"
5475:"Marshall contributes to key Space Station experiment"
5432:
4787:"China's unmanned Shenzhou 8 capsule returns to Earth"
4489:"The Spectacular Breakup of ATV: One Final Experiment"
3367:"India planning to have own space station: ISRO chief"
2086:
Scientific research on the International Space Station
410:
were the first spacecrafts that docked automatically.
2491:
Salyut – The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy
366:, as two different possible program goals, until the
105:
Space stations have been hosting the only continuous
5759:
Salyut: the first space station: triumph and tragedy
5673:"The Space Station From Concept to Evolving Reality"
4200:
4071:"March 22, 1995: Longest Human Space Adventure Ends"
2929:"China has deorbited its experimental space station"
1592:
Electrical system of the International Space Station
8954:
4486:
2269:– was the first fictional space station or habitat.
587:Unlike previous stations, the Soviet space station
216:about two decades apart in the early 20th century.
5930:
5312:
5208:
4539:"Japan Launches Space Cargo Ship on Maiden Flight"
4202:
2956:"China launches first module of new space station"
2603:
5643:Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia
5310:
1808:has been supported by many different spacecraft.
762:was launched in September 2016, while a plan for
661:In contrast, the main US modules launched on the
113:(1971), hosting the first crew, of the ill-fated
78:for extended periods of time. It therefore is an
10150:
5585:
5538:
5515:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 736–738.
4513:"Ariane 5 Launches Final ATV Mission to Station"
4438:"SpaceX's debut Cargo Dragon 2 docks to Station"
3533:"VAST Announces the Haven-1 and VAST-1 Missions"
2133:Materials International Space Station Experiment
1789:
1652:Amateur Radio on the International Space Station
1494:– first modular space station assembled in orbit
1416:Manufacturing of the International Space Station
691:in a manner similar to Russia's proposed OPSEK.
326:
6589:
4636:
2821:
1224:announced in 2019 that India will not join the
655:Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex
627:The ISS is divided into two main sections, the
33:
9692:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
5359:
5034:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983).
5009:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983).
4812:"China launches Shenzhou-11 crewed spacecraft"
3994:"Are there military space stations out there?"
2641:Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
604:
8940:
8302:
6750:
6561:
6215:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
5916:
5033:
5008:
4961:"When Atlantis Met MIR 25 Years Since STS-71"
3271:"India plans to launch space station by 2030"
2973:January 2021, Mike Wall 07 (7 January 2021).
2901:"China's Tiangong 1 Space Station to Burn Up"
2453:
2219:makes up a small portion of money to run it.
2098:days and included 35 scientific experiments.
1753:
1618:Environmental Control and Life Support System
1461:2016 after being delivered to the ISS on the
811:List of space stations § Planned and proposed
724:was launched in September 2011. The uncrewed
665:and were attached to the ISS by crews during
257:: electric cable to an external observatory.
10128:Timeline of first images of Earth from space
5060:"The USSR launches first space station crew"
3842:
3313:"India eying an indigenous station in space"
2972:
2864:
2836:
2751:. National Academies Press. pp. 28–30.
1675:The last military-use space station was the
1394:due to lower costs and greater flexibility.
406:the first ever space docking, while in 1967
5666:
4364:"Progress MS – Spacecraft & Satellites"
3498:
2997:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2765:
1686:program and orbited between 1976 and 1977.
795:
436:
8947:
8933:
8309:
8295:
6568:
6554:
5923:
5909:
5892:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5839:"Giant Doughnut Purposed as Space Station"
5632:
3721:"State space corporation ROSCOSMOS |"
2525:
2523:
1921:is supported by the following spacecraft:
1824:New Space-Station Resupply Vehicle (HTV-X)
1764:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
1500:– modular space station assembled in orbit
133:(ISS), with its first occupation in 2000.
5781:
5754:
4710:
4389:"Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-32"
3694:
2898:
2487:
1906:
1488:– launched in a single launch in May 1973
8081:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
5786:. Paris: European Space Agency SP-1137.
5646:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 35–37.
5500:
5255:
4930:
4928:
4461:
4156:"First Dream Chaser vehicle takes shape"
4017:
3957:Brown, Michael J. I. (5 December 2017).
3744:
2892:
2601:
2483:
2481:
2256:
1731:duration record for a single spaceflight
1644:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
989:Russia's next generation space station.
711:
614:
573:
454:
412:
218:
121:(1973) and occupied since 1987 with the
51:The image above contains clickable links
29:
8277:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
7305:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
5714:
4564:"HTV-9 arrives at ISS on final mission"
4104:
3697:"Looking back at the Mir space station"
3466:"Russia unveils space plan beyond 2030"
3437:
3168:"Starlab - A New-Era Space Destination"
2827:
2568:
2529:
2520:
2374:
2372:
2146:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
2053:
1517:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
1482:– first space station, launched in 1971
10151:
6484:Space stations and habitats in fiction
6479:List of films featuring space stations
6402:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
5755:Ivanovich, Grujica S. (July 7, 2008).
5472:
5181:
5088:"Utilisation of the MIR Space Station"
5082:
4937:"Why Mir Mattered More Than You Think"
4861:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
4837:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
4760:
4611:
4561:
4411:
4100:
4098:
4020:"Pentagon Eyes Military Space Station"
3769:
3664:"Mir, the first modular space station"
3460:
3115:
2926:
2668:"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering"
2405:
2403:
2251:Space stations and habitats in fiction
2227:
1343:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
677:will be docked to the forward port of
8928:
8290:
6549:
5904:
5857:
5138:
4925:
4536:
4105:Magazine, Smithsonian; Zak, Anatoly.
3956:
3848:
3823:
3794:
3590:
3557:
3404:
3172:Starlab - A New-Era Space Destination
3060:
2899:Dickinson, David (10 November 2017).
2870:
2842:
2771:
2744:
2716:
2628:
2478:
2239:International cooperation and economy
2105:
2066:International Docking System Standard
1938:
1666:Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science
948:International Space Station programme
741:China Manned Space Engineering Office
386:paved the way and achieved the first
333:Space rendezvous § First docking
9509:Spaceflight-related human fatalities
8414:Association of Autonomous Astronauts
5360:Nicogossian, A. E.; Roy, S. (1999).
4735:
4068:
3906:
3499:Etherington, Darrell (10 May 2023).
2378:
2369:
1975:List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
1953:relied on the following spacecraft.
1446:, with layers of insulation such as
1404:
5612:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
5565:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
5262:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
4934:
4095:
3982:Russian Space Stations (wikisource)
3878:"Space Settlements: A Design Study"
3629:from the original on 2 August 2024.
3572:from the original on 23 August 2024
3513:from the original on 1 October 2023
3385:"India's Space Exploration Roadmap"
3259:from the original on 5 August 2024.
2745:Kelly, Thomas; et al. (2000).
2690:
2423:
2400:
2297:
2272:The concepts of space stations and
2031:
1450:as a ballistics shield protection.
803:
694:
417:Gemini 8 docking with Agena vehicle
13:
10061:Communications satellite companies
6585:
5851:
4414:"Soyuz MS-01 trio return to Earth"
3849:Chang, Kenneth (27 January 2014).
3661:
3605:from the original on 13 July 2024.
3539:from the original on 1 August 2024
2828:Barbosa, Rui (29 September 2011).
2693:"Russia 'to save its ISS modules'"
2562:
2243:
2060:Docking and berthing of spacecraft
1455:Bigelow Expandable Activity Module
1422:Bigelow Expandable Activity Module
1399:attitude determination and control
1206:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
46:
23:. For stations named "Space", see
16:Habitat and station in outer space
14:
10190:
10106:First orbital launches by country
8424:Commercial Spaceflight Federation
8316:
5968:International Space Station (ISS)
5952:List of commercial space stations
5802:
5677:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
4664:
4179:
3695:Williams, Matt; Today, Universe.
3651:from the original on 27 May 2024.
3011:
2717:Foust, Jeff (25 September 2017).
2636:"History and Timeline of the ISS"
2353:
2139:
2127:Mir Environmental Effects Payload
2025:Apollo command and service module
1971:List of human spaceflights to Mir
1637:
373:Apollo command and service module
195:
10133:Timeline of longest spaceflights
8509:
8168:
8156:
8144:
6575:
6170:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
5981:
5660:
5466:
5426:
5353:
5304:
5249:
5200:
5175:
5132:
5076:
5052:
5027:
5002:
4978:
4953:
4711:Davenport, Justin (2021-06-16).
4612:Howell, Elizabeth (2021-07-09).
4107:"The Strange Trip of Soyuz T-15"
4018:Hitchens, Theresa (2019-07-02).
3419:from the original on 21 May 2024
3405:Singh, Surendra (13 June 2019).
3116:Jewett, Rachel (2 August 2023).
3061:Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023).
2772:Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023).
2249:This section is an excerpt from
2171:
1880:Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV)
1348:
1313:
1277:
1244:
1194:
1155:
1144:
1105:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1024:
1013:
978:
935:
885:
874:
864:
854:
809:This section is an excerpt from
755:, on 2 April 2018 at 00:15 UTC.
720:China's first space laboratory,
10138:Timeline of private spaceflight
9812:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
9672:Communications satellite firsts
8044:Gravitationally rounded objects
6330:Russian Orbital Service Station
5864:. Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset.
5743:. Springer Praxis Books, 2011,
5707:
5139:Witze, Alexandra (2020-11-03).
4901:
4877:
4853:
4829:
4804:
4779:
4754:
4729:
4704:
4679:
4658:
4630:
4605:
4580:
4555:
4530:
4505:
4480:
4455:
4430:
4405:
4381:
4356:
4332:
4307:
4282:
4257:
4233:
4194:
4173:
4148:
4123:
4062:
4011:
3986:
3975:
3950:
3926:
3900:
3870:
3817:
3788:
3763:
3738:
3713:
3688:
3655:
3454:
3377:
3359:
3305:
3291:
3263:
3208:
3184:
3160:
3135:
3109:
3085:
3026:
3005:
2966:
2948:
2927:Liptak, Andrew (20 July 2019).
2920:
2871:Chang, Kenneth (1 April 2018).
2796:
2738:
2710:
2684:
2660:
2496:Springer Science+Business Media
2379:Mann, Adam (January 25, 2012).
2112:Long Duration Exposure Facility
1682:, which was launched under the
1611:
1510:
1473:
1388:
972:Russian Orbital Service Station
5256:Zolensky, Michael (May 2021).
4965:Coca-Cola Space Science Center
4761:Graham, William (2021-05-29).
4562:Graham, William (2020-05-25).
4462:Gebhardt, Chris (2021-01-11).
3909:"Preventing "Sick" Spaceships"
3745:Gebhardt, Chris (2016-05-11).
2612:British Interplanetary Society
2595:
2488:Ivanovich, Grujica S. (2008).
2437:. July 9, 1945. Archived from
2347:
2198:may become relatively common.
2074:
1529:and relatively high levels of
1457:, which was installed in April
790:
781:
683:, requiring relocation of the
398:in 1965. Subsequently in 1966
165:Space stations are most often
109:. The first space station was
1:
10073:Private spaceflight companies
9016:Rocket and missile technology
5501:McKinney, Richard L. (2005).
2419:. September 1989. p. 20.
2340:
1748:
1689:
1525:, and long-term ones such as
744:
327:First advances and precursors
9687:Earth observation satellites
9542:Cumulative spacewalk records
6397:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
6185:Exploration Gateway Platform
5973:Tiangong space station (TSS)
5723:University of Nebraska Press
5235:10.1016/0273-1177(94)90444-8
4412:Bergin, Chris (2016-10-30).
3770:Bergin, Chris (2016-04-16).
3558:Foust, Jeff (28 June 2023).
3440:"Lunar Orbital Station, LOS"
2691:Zak, Anatoly (22 May 2009).
2606:The History of Mir 1986–2000
2538:University of Nebraska Press
1991:Progress (multiple variants)
1854:Progress (multiple variants)
1770:Commercial Resupply Services
1409:
1376:Japan's spaceflight agency,
1189:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
511:, which was launched by the
507:The first space station was
315:rotating wheel space station
297:. Conceptualized during the
90:, but they have also served
7:
10111:First satellites by country
8645:Space elevator competitions
8139:Outline of the Solar System
7902:Interplanetary medium/space
5782:Neri Vela, Rodolfo (1990).
5090:. In Guyenne, T. D. (ed.).
4935:Zak, Anatoly (2016-02-19).
4537:Malik, Tariq (2009-09-10).
3851:"Beings Not Made for Space"
3795:Davis, Jason (2016-04-05).
3591:Foust, Jeff (9 July 2024).
2318:
2213:International Space Station
2184:International Space Station
2079:
1886:H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
1806:International Space Station
1790:International Space Station
1670:
1632:solid fuel oxygen generator
1498:International Space Station
1226:International Space Station
838:Planned Pressurized Volume
621:International Space Station
611:International Space Station
605:International Space Station
291:The Problem of Space Travel
233:The Problem of Space Travel
131:International Space Station
107:presence of humans in space
10:
10195:
9802:Medium-lift launch vehicle
9603:Objects at Lagrange points
8587:Commercialization of space
7855:Extraterrestrial materials
6200:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
5331:10.1088/0954-0083/12/1/306
5215:Advances in Space Research
5182:Guzman, Ana (2020-10-26).
5153:10.1038/d41586-020-03085-8
3824:Foust, Jeff (2022-01-21).
2569:Portree, D. S. F. (1995).
2307:
2301:
2248:
2231:
2201:
2175:
2164:
2153:
2143:
2083:
2063:
2057:
2035:
2016:
1968:
1942:
1910:
1793:
1767:
1757:
1754:Resupply and crew vehicles
1655:
1641:
1615:
1589:
1586:Solar panels on spacecraft
1583:
1514:
1419:
1413:
808:
758:A second space laboratory
701:
608:
567:
482:were eventually joined by
440:
330:
313:published a concept for a
188:
184:
18:
10096:
10051:
10035:
9820:
9807:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
9797:Small-lift launch vehicle
9740:
9660:
9586:Landings on other planets
9564:
9517:
9389:
9361:
9333:
9273:
9221:
9178:
9033:
9024:
8976:
8963:
8891:
8871:
8855:
8774:
8765:
8660:
8653:
8620:
8579:
8518:
8507:
8447:
8434:Space Frontier Foundation
8379:Sierra Nevada Corporation
8359:Mojave Aerospace Ventures
8331:
8324:
8175:Earth sciences portal
8134:
8089:
8026:
7897:Interplanetary dust cloud
7776:
7612:
7542:
7253:
7195:
6888:
6741:
6583:
6532:
6471:
6420:
6389:
6369:
6338:
6322:
6315:
6250:
6195:Industrial Space Facility
6157:
6150:
6118:
6090:
6069:
5997:
5990:
5979:
5960:
5942:
5689:10.1179/isr.1987.12.2.143
5319:High Performance Polymers
4736:Wall, Mike (2021-05-29).
3662:As, Ganesh (2020-03-13).
2411:"The First Space Station"
2234:NASA spinoff technologies
2222:
2160:
2070:Chinese Docking Mechanism
2047:Soyuz (multiple variants)
2012:
2000:Soyuz (multiple variants)
1863:Soyuz (multiple variants)
1816:Sierra Nevada Corporation
1760:List of crewed spacecraft
1576:lineage, remain elusive.
1341:
1305:
1270:
1236:
1187:
1137:
1100:
1006:
970:
928:
845:
840:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
408:Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188
151:and since June 2022 with
10088:Spacecraft manufacturers
9623:leaving the Solar System
8419:Astronaute Club Européen
8188:Local Interstellar Cloud
6906:other near-Earth objects
5818:Russian News Agency TASS
5669:Ordway, Frederick I. III
3474:China Central Television
3345:Press Information Bureau
3248:Press Information Bureau
3034:"NASA's Gateway Program"
2461:"Project Olympus (1962)"
1964:
1579:
639:, was launched in 1998.
437:Salyut, Almaz and Skylab
9502:timeline by nationality
8968:Timeline of spaceflight
8151:Solar System portal
7877:Giant-impact hypothesis
7484:Trans-Neptunian objects
5667:Fries, Sylvia Doughty;
5364:. In Wilson, A. (ed.).
5274:2021M&PS...56..900Z
5064:www.russianspaceweb.com
4344:www.russianspaceweb.com
3907:Bell, Trudy E. (2007).
3318:The Hindu Business Line
3253:Prime Minister's Office
3149:(in French). 2023-08-02
2571:"Mir Hardware Heritage"
2536:. Clayton C. Anderson.
1733:is 437.75 days, set by
1698:(1971), and its tragic
1658:Interplanetary Internet
1549:, and elevated risk of
1506:– Chinese space station
629:Russian Orbital Segment
223:First description of a
10121:Constellation missions
9748:Orbital launch systems
9640:Timeline of satellites
9581:Interplanetary voyages
8429:Copenhagen Suborbitals
8039:Possible dwarf planets
7882:Gravitational collapse
7820:Circumstellar envelope
6625:
5947:List of space stations
5638:"Artificial satellite"
3884:. 1975. Archived from
2843:Staff (1 April 2018).
2832:. NASASpaceflight.com.
2602:Hall, R., ed. (2000).
2576:. NASA. Archived from
2270:
2265:" – an 1869 serial by
1919:Tiangong space station
1913:Tiangong space station
1907:Tiangong space station
1504:Tiangong space station
1064:Mitsubishi Corporation
717:
704:Tiangong space station
624:
584:
561:
534:The civilian stations
463:
418:
368:Kennedy administration
282:
225:rotating space station
210:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
191:List of space stations
55:
52:
25:Space (disambiguation)
10036:Launches by spaceport
9645:Sample-return mission
9159:Civilian spaceflight
8899:Axiom Orbital Segment
8723:Christopher Sembroski
8630:America's Space Prize
8612:Suborbital spaceplane
8439:Space Tourism Society
8394:The Spaceship Company
8248:Laniakea Supercluster
7865:Sample-return mission
6624:
6407:Lunar Orbital Station
5858:Baker, David (2015).
5739:Haeuplik-Meusburger:
5715:Chladek, Jay (2017).
4340:"Progress cargo ship"
4048:Canadian Space Agency
3805:The Planetary Society
3647:. 14 September 2023.
2530:Chladek, Jay (2017).
2260:
2211:. In the case of the
2178:Orbital space tourism
2156:ISS year-long mission
1630:can be supplied by a
1622:Vika oxygen generator
1430:, internal pressure,
1238:Lunar Orbital Station
922:human mission to Mars
909:≥125 m (4,400 cu ft)
715:
674:Axiom Orbital Segment
618:
577:
527:, were also known as
458:
416:
331:Further information:
222:
84:habitation facilities
50:
45:
9760:Sounding rocket list
9699:Geosynchronous orbit
9635:Missions to the Moon
9407:by year of selection
8640:Google Lunar X Prize
8491:Space Island Project
8489:Space Island Group (
8465:Golden Spike Company
8364:Orbital Technologies
8163:Astronomy portal
8064:Solar System objects
7810:Circumplanetary disk
4111:Smithsonian Magazine
2054:Docking and berthing
1596:Roll Out Solar Array
583:station seen in 1998
382:But before that the
305:" was a theoretical
80:artificial satellite
10097:Other mission lists
10078:Rocket launch sites
10052:Agencies, companies
9348:Crewed Spaceflights
9006:Spaceflight records
8958:lists and timelines
8904:Tourism on the Moon
8455:Armadillo Aerospace
8262:Observable universe
8059:Solar System models
7989:Protoplanetary disk
7912:Interstellar medium
7872:Frost/Ice/Snow line
6158:Individual projects
5479:The Redstone Rocket
5376:1999ESASP.433..653N
5227:1994AdSpR..14j...7K
5102:1996ESASP.385.....G
4865:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
4841:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
4767:NASASpaceFlight.com
4717:NASASpaceFlight.com
4568:NASASpaceFlight.com
4468:NASASpaceFlight.com
4442:NASASpaceFlight.com
4418:NASASpaceFlight.com
4319:NASASpaceFlight.com
4294:NASASpaceFlight.com
4217:10.2514/6.2018-1926
3776:NASASpaceFlight.com
3751:NASASpaceFlight.com
3442:. Russian Space Web
3255:. 17 October 2023.
2906:Sky & Telescope
2648:on 25 February 2018
2583:on 7 September 2009
2335:Shuttle–Mir program
2287:Edward Everett Hale
2267:Edward Everett Hale
2228:Technology spinoffs
2094:95 which lasted 179
1570:radiation shielding
1568:, the inclusion of
261:: condenser pipes.
202:Edward Everett Hale
21:space radio station
10169:1971 introductions
9997:Thor DM-21 Agena-B
9987:Thor DM-18 Agena-A
9900:Falcon 9 and Heavy
9596:artificial objects
9547:Longest spacewalks
9110:Vostok and Voskhod
8622:Space competitions
8592:Space colonization
8242:Virgo Supercluster
8223:Milky Way subgroup
8054:Natural satellites
7937:Nebular hypothesis
7917:Interstellar space
7907:Interstellar cloud
7815:Circumstellar disc
7405:Near-Earth objects
7289:names and meanings
6626:
6525:(2016 documentary)
6522:A Beautiful Planet
6517:(2009 documentary)
6509:(2008 documentary)
6501:(2002 documentary)
6493:(1997 documentary)
6438:McKendree cylinder
6251:Incorporated into
6175:Deep Space Habitat
5830:The star named ISS
5763:. Praxis. p.
5282:10.1111/maps.13656
4913:spaceflightnow.com
4889:spaceflightnow.com
4069:Madrigal, Alexis.
3412:The Times of India
3371:The Economic Times
2878:The New York Times
2431:"Science: Sun Gun"
2271:
2118:1984 until January
2106:Materials research
1604:generally rely on
1566:rotating structure
1562:artificial gravity
1547:eyesight disorders
1539:bone deterioration
1531:ionizing radiation
1174:second half 2020s
718:
633:US Orbital Segment
625:
585:
464:
419:
350:its early planning
295:artificial gravity
283:
98:, such as hosting
56:
53:
10179:Soviet inventions
10146:
10145:
9560:
9559:
9041:Crewed spacecraft
9026:Human spaceflight
8984:Space exploration
8922:
8921:
8887:
8886:
8812:Blue Origin NS-22
8807:Blue Origin NS-21
8802:Blue Origin NS-20
8797:Blue Origin NS-19
8792:Blue Origin NS-18
8787:Blue Origin NS-16
8761:
8760:
8673:Mark Shuttleworth
8505:
8504:
8344:Bigelow Aerospace
8284:
8283:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8102:Lagrangian points
8074:by discovery date
7672:Human spaceflight
7643:historical models
7536:
7535:
7161:S/2015 (136472) 1
6543:
6542:
6506:Orphans of Apollo
6385:
6384:
6311:
6310:
6146:
6145:
5871:978-0-85733-839-6
5832:– on Roscosmos TV
5793:978-92-9092-124-0
5774:978-0-387-73585-6
5749:978-3-7091-0666-2
5732:978-0-8032-2292-2
5653:978-0-415-97460-8
5634:Stableford, Brian
5522:978-0-313-32952-4
5454:Missing or empty
5086:(December 1996).
4941:Popular Mechanics
4393:www.spacefacts.de
4245:realnoevremya.com
4226:978-1-62410-528-9
4137:. 15 January 2016
4044:"Mission STS-127"
3938:www2.jpl.nasa.gov
3801:www.planetary.org
3643:(Press release).
3480:on 6 October 2014
3464:(28 April 2012).
3251:(Press release).
3196:www.gravitics.com
2758:978-0-309-06938-0
2621:978-0-9506597-4-9
2547:978-0-8032-2292-2
2505:978-0-387-73973-1
1608:to obtain power.
1543:balance disorders
1442:and high-quality
1405:Orbit and purpose
1384:
1383:
1087:While originally
798:
739:According to the
377:docking maneuvers
311:Wernher von Braun
88:research stations
10186:
9478:Space travelers
9474:Space scientists
9462:African American
9031:
9030:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8926:
8925:
8772:
8771:
8718:Hayley Arceneaux
8693:Richard Garriott
8658:
8657:
8602:Space settlement
8513:
8485:RocketShip Tours
8384:Space Adventures
8329:
8328:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8288:
8287:
8278:
8276:
8267:
8260:
8253:
8246:
8240:
8234:
8228:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8200:
8193:
8186:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8149:
8148:
8147:
7850:Exozodiacal dust
7540:
7539:
7506:Detached objects
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6588:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6547:
6546:
6498:Space Station 3D
6453:Space settlement
6443:O'Neill cylinder
6320:
6319:
6155:
6154:
6098:Tiangong program
5995:
5994:
5985:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5883:
5835:
5826:
5797:
5778:
5762:
5736:
5701:
5700:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5595:"Space Habitats"
5583:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5548:"Space Stations"
5536:
5527:
5526:
5503:"Space Habitats"
5498:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5316:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5212:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5040:history.nasa.gov
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5015:history.nasa.gov
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4665:Clark, Stephen.
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4366:. Archived from
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4180:Clark, Stephen.
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4024:Breaking Defense
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3990:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3963:The Conversation
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3911:. Archived from
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3723:. Archived from
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3621:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3476:. Archived from
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3389:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3012:Clark, Stephen.
3009:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2962:. 29 April 2021.
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2644:. Archived from
2632:
2626:
2625:
2609:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2354:Clark, Stephen.
2351:
2304:Space settlement
2298:Space settlement
2282:generation ships
2121:
2117:
2097:
2093:
2038:Salyut programme
2032:Salyut programme
1958:Shenzhou program
1951:Tiangong program
1945:Tiangong program
1939:Tiangong program
1842:Northrop Grumman
1469:
1466:designed for a 2
1460:
1359:Mitsui & Co.
1353:
1352:
1318:
1317:
1282:
1281:
1249:
1248:
1199:
1198:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1110:
1109:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1017:
983:
982:
962:(~23,548 cu ft)
940:
939:
890:
889:
879:
878:
868:
859:
858:
850:
820:
819:
804:Planned projects
799:
796:
792:
783:
708:Tiangong program
421:In January 1969
390:(undocked) with
388:space rendezvous
320:Collier's Weekly
299:Second World War
279:Verdampfungsrohr
259:Kondensatorrohre
229:Hermann Noordung
49:
32:
10194:
10193:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10149:
10148:
10147:
10142:
10098:
10092:
10053:
10047:
10031:
9982:Thor DM-18 Able
9890:Delta IV Medium
9822:
9816:
9792:Sounding rocket
9736:
9663:
9656:
9567:
9556:
9513:
9487:by first flight
9385:
9357:
9329:
9269:
9217:
9174:
9020:
8972:
8959:
8953:
8923:
8918:
8909:Tourism on Mars
8883:
8867:
8851:
8767:
8757:
8688:Charles Simonyi
8683:Anousheh Ansari
8649:
8616:
8580:Living in space
8575:
8514:
8501:
8443:
8399:Virgin Galactic
8320:
8315:
8285:
8280:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8265:
8258:
8251:
8244:
8238:
8232:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8205:
8198:
8191:
8184:
8169:
8167:
8157:
8155:
8145:
8143:
8130:
8121:
8085:
8022:
8006:vs. Hill sphere
7932:Molecular cloud
7860:Sample curation
7840:Detached object
7779:
7772:
7616:
7608:
7545:
7532:
7477:Neptune trojans
7260:
7258:
7256:
7249:
7191:
6884:
6755:
6737:
6623:
6586:
6579:
6574:
6544:
6539:
6528:
6467:
6416:
6412:Voyager Station
6381:
6365:
6334:
6307:
6246:
6180:Excalibur Almaz
6142:
6114:
6086:
6065:
5999:
5986:
5977:
5956:
5938:
5929:
5885:
5884:
5872:
5854:
5852:Further reading
5844:Popular Science
5833:
5824:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5775:
5733:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5665:
5661:
5654:
5631:
5627:
5618:
5616:
5607:Sleight, Graham
5603:Langford, David
5591:Langford, David
5587:Nicholls, Peter
5584:
5580:
5571:
5569:
5560:Sleight, Graham
5556:Langford, David
5544:Langford, David
5540:Nicholls, Peter
5537:
5530:
5523:
5499:
5492:
5483:
5481:
5471:
5467:
5455:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5431:
5427:
5415:
5414:
5405:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5386:
5358:
5354:
5309:
5305:
5254:
5250:
5205:
5201:
5192:
5190:
5180:
5176:
5137:
5133:
5124:
5122:
5112:
5081:
5077:
5068:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5044:
5042:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5017:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4970:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4945:
4943:
4933:
4926:
4917:
4915:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4893:
4891:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4867:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4845:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4759:
4755:
4746:
4744:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4709:
4705:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4650:
4648:
4638:Clara Moskowitz
4635:
4631:
4622:
4620:
4610:
4606:
4597:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4572:
4570:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4545:
4535:
4531:
4522:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4481:
4472:
4470:
4460:
4456:
4447:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4422:
4420:
4410:
4406:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4274:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4174:
4165:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4085:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4028:
4026:
4016:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3778:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3678:
3660:
3656:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3470:english.cntv.cn
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3403:
3399:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3321:. June 13, 2019
3311:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3279:. June 16, 2019
3269:
3268:
3264:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3114:
3110:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3073:
3071:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3006:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2841:
2837:
2826:
2822:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2548:
2528:
2521:
2506:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2441:on May 21, 2013
2429:
2428:
2424:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2377:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2278:science fiction
2254:
2246:
2244:Cultural impact
2241:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2204:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:Bioastronautics
2144:Main articles:
2142:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2056:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2015:
1977:
1969:Main articles:
1967:
1947:
1941:
1915:
1909:
1898:SpaceX Dragon 1
1869:SpaceX Dragon 2
1802:
1794:Main articles:
1792:
1772:
1766:
1758:Main articles:
1756:
1751:
1735:Valeri Polyakov
1692:
1673:
1668:
1654:
1642:Main articles:
1640:
1624:
1616:Main articles:
1614:
1598:
1588:
1582:
1519:
1513:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1444:aluminum alloys
1436:stainless steel
1432:micrometeoroids
1428:space radiation
1424:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1368:
1347:
1329:
1312:
1293:
1276:
1259:
1243:
1240:
1212:
1193:
1179:(29,000 cu ft)
1171:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1129:(14,126 cu ft)
1121:
1104:
1089:Lockheed Martin
1081:(~15892 cu ft)
1073:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1012:
994:
977:
974:
954:
944:
934:
918:Artemis program
903:
884:
883:
873:
872:
863:
853:
846:
814:
806:
751:, northwest of
747:over the South
710:
702:Main articles:
700:
613:
607:
572:
566:
453:
441:Main articles:
439:
363:Project Olympus
335:
329:
287:Herman Potočnik
281:: boiler pipe).
236:
198:
193:
187:
179:station keeping
96:commercial uses
64:orbital station
44:
30:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10192:
10182:
10181:
10176:
10174:Human habitats
10171:
10166:
10164:Space stations
10161:
10144:
10143:
10141:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10113:
10108:
10102:
10100:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10090:
10085:
10083:Space agencies
10080:
10075:
10070:
10069:
10068:
10057:
10055:
10054:and facilities
10049:
10048:
10046:
10045:
10039:
10037:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9972:Thor and Delta
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9913:
9912:
9907:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9885:Delta IV Heavy
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9826:
9824:
9823:by rocket type
9818:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9783:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9762:
9757:
9756:
9755:
9744:
9742:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9718:Magnetospheric
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9695:
9694:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9668:
9666:
9662:Earth-orbiting
9658:
9657:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9652:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9631:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9605:
9600:
9599:
9598:
9593:
9583:
9578:
9572:
9570:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9523:
9521:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9511:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9492:by nationality
9489:
9484:
9476:
9471:
9470:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9393:
9391:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9367:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9339:
9337:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9305:
9297:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9279:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9256:
9255:
9250:
9242:
9241:
9240:
9229:
9227:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9204:
9203:
9198:
9190:
9184:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9055:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9037:
9035:
9028:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8980:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8970:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8952:
8951:
8944:
8937:
8929:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8881:
8875:
8873:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8778:
8776:
8769:
8763:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8728:Yusaku Maezawa
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8708:Jared Isaacman
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8664:
8662:
8655:
8654:Space tourists
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8635:Ansari X Prize
8632:
8626:
8624:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8597:Space medicine
8594:
8589:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8522:
8520:
8516:
8515:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8497:XCOR Aerospace
8494:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8460:Canadian Arrow
8457:
8451:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8354:Airbus D&S
8351:
8346:
8341:
8335:
8333:
8326:
8322:
8321:
8314:
8313:
8306:
8299:
8291:
8282:
8281:
8178:
8177:
8165:
8153:
8141:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8091:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8071:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8018:Scattered disc
8015:
8010:
8009:
8008:
7998:
7993:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7803:Excretion disk
7798:Accretion disk
7795:
7790:
7788:Star formation
7784:
7782:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7677:space stations
7669:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7548:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7516:Scattered disc
7513:
7508:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
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6514:Space Tourists
6510:
6502:
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6490:Mission to Mir
6486:
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6458:Stanford torus
6455:
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6448:Rotating wheel
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6316:In development
6313:
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6309:
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6261:Space Station
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5804:
5803:External links
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5709:
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5703:
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5683:(2): 143–159.
5671:(1987-06-01).
5659:
5652:
5625:
5615:(4th ed.)
5578:
5568:(4th ed.)
5528:
5521:
5507:Westfahl, Gary
5490:
5465:
5425:
5416:|journal=
5384:
5352:
5303:
5268:(5): 900–910.
5248:
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4967:. 16 June 2020
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4640:(2012-05-22).
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4269:Enkey Magazine
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4050:. Aug 13, 2008
4035:
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3888:on 31 May 2010
3869:
3856:New York Times
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3347:. 13 June 2019
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3084:
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3042:. 12 June 2023
3025:
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2320:
2317:
2302:Main article:
2299:
2296:
2291:The Brick Moon
2274:space habitats
2263:The Brick Moon
2255:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2203:
2200:
2176:Main article:
2173:
2170:
2165:Main article:
2162:
2159:
2141:
2140:Human research
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:(2001–present)
2130:
2107:
2104:
2084:Main article:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2058:Main article:
2055:
2052:
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2050:
2036:Main article:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2017:Main article:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1994:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1943:Main article:
1940:
1937:
1936:
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1934:(2021–present)
1929:
1928:(2021–present)
1911:Main article:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:(2020–present)
1866:
1865:(2001–present)
1857:
1856:(2000–present)
1848:
1847:(2013–present)
1836:
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1834:
1826:
1821:
1791:
1788:
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1672:
1669:
1639:
1638:Communications
1636:
1613:
1610:
1584:Main article:
1581:
1578:
1558:space habitats
1535:muscle atrophy
1527:weightlessness
1515:Main article:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1414:Main article:
1411:
1408:
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1403:
1390:
1387:
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1234:
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1220:ISRO chairman
1218:
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975:
968:
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964:
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952:
950:
945:
932:
926:
925:
920:and follow-on
910:
907:
904:
901:
899:
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851:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
815:
807:
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802:
699:
693:
631:(ROS) and the
609:Main article:
606:
603:
599:launch vehicle
595:modular design
568:Main article:
565:
560:
438:
435:
400:Neil Armstrong
384:Gemini program
346:Apollo program
328:
325:
307:orbital weapon
271:Treppenschacht
214:Hermann Oberth
206:The Brick Moon
197:
196:Early concepts
194:
186:
183:
100:space tourists
70:which remains
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10191:
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10177:
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10139:
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10119:
10118:
10117:
10116:NASA missions
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10099:and timelines
10095:
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10043:Satish Dhawan
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9467:Ibero-America
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9299:Spaceflights
9298:
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9244:Spaceflights
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9226:
9225:
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9192:Spaceflights
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8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8779:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8766:Space tourism
8764:
8754:
8753:John Shoffner
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8703:Oliver Daemen
8701:
8699:
8698:Guy Laliberté
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8678:Gregory Olsen
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
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8631:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8607:Space station
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8570:
8567:
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8562:
8560:
8559:SpaceShip III
8557:
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8542:
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8498:
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8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8336:
8334:
8330:
8327:
8325:Organizations
8323:
8319:
8318:Space tourism
8312:
8307:
8305:
8300:
8298:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8279:
8270:
8263:
8256:
8249:
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8176:
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8152:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8118:
8117:Tidal locking
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8097:Double planet
8095:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8049:Minor planets
8047:
8045:
8042:
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8035:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8025:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7982:Merging stars
7980:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7775:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7615:
7611:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7584:Subsatellites
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7544:Hypothetical
7541:
7538:
7529:
7526:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7410:Asteroid belt
7408:
7406:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7284:Minor planets
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7252:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7194:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6887:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6831:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6812:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6582:
6578:
6571:
6566:
6564:
6559:
6557:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6537:
6531:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6428:Bernal sphere
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6378:
6377:Lunar Gateway
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:International
6368:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6346:Axiom Station
6344:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
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6156:
6153:
6149:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:United States
6068:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
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6040:
6038:
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6033:
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5993:
5989:
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5907:
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5895:
5889:
5881:
5877:
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5867:
5863:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5846:
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5807:
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5776:
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5753:
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5712:
5698:
5694:
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5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5655:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5582:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5495:
5480:
5476:
5469:
5461:
5448:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5421:
5409:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5385:92-9092-732-1
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5356:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5203:
5189:
5185:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5111:92-9092-223-0
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5041:
5037:
5030:
5016:
5012:
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4987:
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4807:
4792:
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4707:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4668:
4661:
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4608:
4593:
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4508:
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4483:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4370:on 2023-06-01
4369:
4365:
4359:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4295:
4291:
4285:
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4260:
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4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3999:
3998:HowStuffWorks
3995:
3989:
3983:
3978:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3915:on 2017-05-14
3914:
3910:
3903:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3727:on 2021-06-27
3726:
3722:
3716:
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3698:
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3508:
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3495:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3441:
3438:Ahatoly Zak.
3434:
3418:
3414:
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3408:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3372:
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3217:
3211:
3197:
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3187:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3123:
3122:Via Satellite
3119:
3112:
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2515:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2445:September 13,
2440:
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2259:
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2235:
2220:
2218:
2217:space tourism
2214:
2210:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:space tourism
2189:
2185:
2179:
2172:Space tourism
2168:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
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2103:
2099:
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2067:
2061:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2007:
2006:Space Shuttle
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1959:
1956:
1955:
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1946:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
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1892:Space Shuttle
1890:
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1038:
1032:
1031:Voyager Space
1027:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:
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986:
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973:
969:
965:
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949:
946:
943:
938:
933:
931:
930:Axiom Station
927:
923:
919:
915:
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905:
900:
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895:
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882:
877:
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867:
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849:
848:Lunar Gateway
844:
837:
821:
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801:
793:
787:
779:
775:
774:Space Station
773:
767:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
749:Pacific Ocean
746:
743:, Tiangong-1
742:
737:
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731:
727:
723:
714:
709:
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697:
692:
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689:Axiom Station
686:
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664:
663:Space Shuttle
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481:
480:Salyut series
477:
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469:
466:In 1971, the
461:
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402:performed on
401:
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358:lunar orbital
355:
354:lunar landing
352:instead of a
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160:Space Shuttle
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61:
60:space station
26:
22:
10159:Solar System
9787:Upper stages
9628:lunar probes
9566:Solar System
9552:Spacewalkers
9537:2015–present
9497:billionaires
9222:
9093:2021–present
9058:Spaceflights
8863:Polaris Dawn
8782:Inspiration4
8748:Eytan Stibbe
8738:Larry Connor
8713:Sian Proctor
8606:
8544:SpaceShipTwo
8273:Each arrow (
8195:Local Bubble
8181:Solar System
8179:
7972:Planetesimal
7927:Kuiper cliff
7676:
7655:Space probes
7628:Colonization
7467:Kirkwood gap
7388:Saturn Moons
7301:Planetesimal
6765:Terrestrials
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6654:
6577:Solar System
6520:
6512:
6504:
6496:
6488:
6463:Wet workshop
6356:Orbital Reef
6293:
6287:(ISS module)
6284:
6276:
6262:
6219:
6058:
6000:Soviet Union
5931:
5860:
5842:
5834:(in Russian)
5825:(in English)
5783:
5758:
5740:
5717:
5708:Bibliography
5680:
5676:
5662:
5641:
5628:
5617:. Retrieved
5610:
5581:
5570:. Retrieved
5563:
5510:
5482:. Retrieved
5478:
5468:
5428:
5397:. Retrieved
5366:
5355:
5325:(1): 65–82.
5322:
5318:
5306:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5221:(10): 7–16.
5218:
5214:
5202:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:
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5144:
5134:
5123:. Retrieved
5092:
5078:
5067:. Retrieved
5063:
5054:
5043:. Retrieved
5039:
5029:
5018:. Retrieved
5014:
5004:
4993:. Retrieved
4989:
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4969:. Retrieved
4964:
4955:
4944:. Retrieved
4940:
4916:. Retrieved
4912:
4903:
4892:. Retrieved
4888:
4879:
4868:. Retrieved
4864:
4855:
4844:. Retrieved
4840:
4831:
4820:. Retrieved
4818:. 2016-10-17
4815:
4806:
4795:. Retrieved
4793:. 2011-11-17
4790:
4781:
4770:. Retrieved
4766:
4756:
4745:. Retrieved
4741:
4731:
4720:. Retrieved
4716:
4706:
4695:. Retrieved
4693:. 2021-06-17
4690:
4681:
4670:. Retrieved
4660:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:
4632:
4621:. Retrieved
4617:
4607:
4596:. Retrieved
4594:. 2012-05-22
4591:
4582:
4571:. Retrieved
4567:
4557:
4546:. Retrieved
4542:
4532:
4521:. Retrieved
4519:. 2014-07-30
4516:
4507:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:
4482:
4471:. Retrieved
4467:
4457:
4446:. Retrieved
4444:. 2020-12-06
4441:
4432:
4421:. Retrieved
4417:
4407:
4396:. Retrieved
4392:
4383:
4372:. Retrieved
4368:the original
4358:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:
4334:
4323:. Retrieved
4321:. 2014-10-08
4318:
4309:
4298:. Retrieved
4296:. 2013-09-18
4293:
4284:
4273:. Retrieved
4271:. 2020-07-16
4268:
4259:
4248:. Retrieved
4244:
4235:
4208:
4196:
4185:. Retrieved
4175:
4164:. Retrieved
4162:. 2022-04-29
4159:
4150:
4139:. Retrieved
4134:
4125:
4114:. Retrieved
4110:
4086:. Retrieved
4074:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4047:
4038:
4027:. Retrieved
4023:
4013:
4002:. Retrieved
4000:. 2008-06-23
3997:
3988:
3977:
3966:. Retrieved
3962:
3952:
3941:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3917:. Retrieved
3913:the original
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3886:the original
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3854:
3844:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:
3819:
3808:. Retrieved
3800:
3790:
3779:. Retrieved
3775:
3765:
3754:. Retrieved
3750:
3740:
3729:. Retrieved
3725:the original
3715:
3704:. Retrieved
3700:
3690:
3679:. Retrieved
3667:
3657:
3635:
3611:
3596:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3563:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3504:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:the original
3469:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3410:
3400:
3391:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3316:
3307:
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3246:
3222:. Retrieved
3210:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3186:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:
3162:
3151:. Retrieved
3146:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3121:
3111:
3100:. Retrieved
3096:
3087:
3079:
3072:. Retrieved
3066:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3037:
3028:
3017:. Retrieved
3007:
2982:. Retrieved
2978:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2904:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2876:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:
2823:
2812:. Retrieved
2810:. 2020-01-28
2807:
2798:
2790:
2783:. Retrieved
2777:
2767:
2747:
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2722:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:
2686:
2675:. Retrieved
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2639:
2630:
2605:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2578:the original
2564:
2532:
2490:
2469:. Retrieved
2467:. 2013-09-02
2464:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2434:
2425:
2414:
2390:. Retrieved
2384:
2359:. Retrieved
2349:
2325:Apollo–Soyuz
2314:Mars habitat
2205:
2196:space hotels
2181:
2109:
2100:
2089:
1978:
1948:
1916:
1819:Dream Chaser
1803:
1773:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1693:
1674:
1625:
1612:Life support
1606:solar panels
1602:Solar System
1599:
1574:
1555:
1520:
1511:Habitability
1474:Construction
1463:SpaceX CRS-8
1452:
1425:
1396:
1392:
1389:Architecture
1320:Sierra Space
1178:
1162:Sierra Space
1139:Orbital Reef
1128:
1086:
1080:
961:
835:Launch date
816:
789:
771:
768:
757:
738:
719:
695:
679:
671:
660:
648:
641:
626:
619:View of the
588:
586:
578:
562:
533:
513:Soviet Union
506:
502:
487:
468:Soviet Union
465:
420:
381:
361:
343:
336:
318:
290:
284:
278:
270:
262:
258:
254:
246:
238:
232:
199:
169:, featuring
164:
149:Expedition 1
142:
135:
104:
76:hosts humans
63:
59:
57:
9922:H-II and H3
9865:Delta DM-19
9855:Black Brant
9568:exploration
9343:Expeditions
9283:Expeditions
9233:Expeditions
9188:Expeditions
8956:Spaceflight
8837:Galactic 06
8832:Galactic 05
8827:Galactic 04
8822:Galactic 03
8817:Galactic 02
8733:Yozo Hirano
8668:Dennis Tito
8539:New Shepard
8480:PlanetSpace
8349:Blue Origin
8339:Axiom Space
8236:Local Sheet
8230:Local Group
8013:Rubble pile
8001:Roche limit
7996:Ring system
7947:Outer space
7922:Kuiper belt
7892:Hill sphere
7887:Hills cloud
7835:Debris disk
7830:Cosmic dust
7614:Exploration
7569:Planet Nine
7554:Fifth giant
7528:Hills cloud
7489:Kuiper belt
7460:exceptional
7376:Trojan camp
6433:Bishop Ring
5936:settlements
5822:Infographic
5599:Clute, John
5552:Clute, John
4990:iss.jaxa.jp
3892:10 February
3446:11 February
3224:November 6,
3192:"Gravitics"
3127:13 December
3074:13 December
3046:13 December
2785:13 December
2587:30 November
2392:January 22,
2276:feature in
2167:Astrobotany
2129:(1996–1997)
2075:Maintenance
2049:(1971–1986)
2027:(1973–1974)
2008:(1995–1998)
2002:(1986–2000)
1960:(2011–2016)
1900:(2012–2020)
1894:(1998–2011)
1888:(2009–2020)
1882:(2008–2015)
1662:InterPlaNet
1309:Pathfinder
1262:after 2030
1151:Blue Origin
942:Axiom Space
734:Shenzhou 10
651:RKK Energia
544:Soyuz ferry
239:Achs-Körper
153:Shenzhou 14
10153:Categories
10066:comparison
9992:Thor DM-18
9977:Thor-Agena
9932:Long March
9850:Atlas LV3C
9845:Atlas LV3B
9765:Spacecraft
9753:Comparison
9682:PocketQube
9664:satellites
9442:Cosmonauts
9397:Astronauts
9353:Spacewalks
9315:Spacewalks
9260:Spacewalks
9208:Spacewalks
9168:Suborbital
9051:by program
9011:Space Race
9001:Spacecraft
8743:Mark Pathy
8475:Orion Span
8255:Local Hole
8202:Gould Belt
7942:Oort cloud
7778:Formation,
7768:Deep space
7604:Vulcanoids
7521:Oort cloud
7445:first 1000
7381:Greek camp
7279:Meteoroids
7274:Damocloids
7220:Charikloan
6242:Tiangong-3
6205:Nautilus-X
6108:Tiangong-2
6103:Tiangong-1
6027:Cosmos 557
5619:2021-08-06
5572:2023-12-29
5484:2022-08-28
5456:|url=
5399:2022-08-28
5193:2022-08-28
5125:2022-08-28
5084:Reiter, T.
5069:2022-08-26
5045:2022-08-26
5020:2022-08-26
4995:2022-08-26
4971:2022-08-26
4946:2022-08-26
4918:2022-08-26
4894:2022-08-26
4870:2022-08-26
4846:2022-08-26
4822:2022-08-26
4797:2022-08-26
4772:2022-08-26
4747:2022-08-26
4722:2022-08-26
4697:2022-08-26
4672:2022-08-24
4651:2022-08-24
4623:2022-08-24
4598:2022-08-24
4573:2022-08-24
4548:2022-08-24
4523:2022-08-24
4498:2022-08-24
4473:2022-08-24
4448:2022-08-24
4423:2022-08-25
4398:2022-08-25
4374:2022-08-25
4349:2022-08-25
4325:2022-08-24
4300:2022-08-24
4275:2022-08-25
4250:2022-08-25
4187:2022-08-25
4166:2022-08-25
4141:2022-08-25
4135:TechCrunch
4116:2022-08-26
4088:2022-08-27
4029:2022-08-27
4004:2022-08-27
3968:2022-08-27
3943:2022-08-23
3919:2017-07-12
3862:27 January
3835:2022-08-28
3810:2022-08-28
3781:2022-08-28
3756:2022-08-28
3731:2020-06-26
3706:2022-08-27
3681:2022-08-27
3506:TechCrunch
3201:2024-03-28
3177:2024-07-03
3153:2024-07-03
3147:Boursorama
3102:2023-05-30
3019:2021-05-04
2984:2021-05-04
2912:8 February
2814:2020-09-18
2730:26 October
2677:2012-08-13
2652:8 February
2471:2023-10-12
2416:Boys' Life
2341:References
2308:See also:
2232:See also:
2154:See also:
2064:See also:
1768:See also:
1749:Operations
1714:successor
1690:Occupation
1656:See also:
1648:Lira (ISS)
1590:See also:
1523:waste heat
1420:See also:
957:Late 2026
832:Crew size
764:Tiangong-3
760:Tiangong-2
730:Shenzhou 9
726:Shenzhou 8
722:Tiangong-1
531:stations.
498:Tiangong-2
494:Tiangong-1
189:See also:
125:successor
82:featuring
68:spacecraft
10012:V-2 tests
9910:2020–2022
9905:2010–2019
9880:Delta III
9532:2000–2014
9527:1965–1999
9381:Rollbacks
9145:Gaganyaan
9088:2011–2020
9083:2001–2010
9078:1991–2000
9073:1981–1990
9068:1971–1980
9063:1961–1970
8872:Cancelled
8564:Starliner
8554:New Glenn
8404:CAS Space
8216:Milky Way
8209:Orion Arm
7977:Formation
7962:Migration
7957:Disrupted
7825:Coatlicue
7793:Accretion
7780:evolution
7726:Asteroids
7638:astronomy
7633:Discovery
7494:Cubewanos
7415:Asteroids
7245:Quaoarian
7235:Neptunian
7225:Chironean
7210:Saturnian
6992:Enceladus
6237:Sundancer
6226:FlexCraft
6221:Skylab II
5888:cite book
5880:945783975
5820:Official
5697:0308-0188
5418:ignored (
5408:cite book
5347:137731119
5339:0954-0083
5298:235890776
5290:1086-9379
5169:226258372
4816:SpaceNews
4742:Space.com
4646:Space.com
4618:Space.com
4592:Space.com
4543:Space.com
4517:SpaceNews
4493:Space.com
4160:SpaceNews
4083:1059-1028
3830:SpaceNews
3676:0971-751X
3668:The Hindu
3598:SpaceNews
3565:SpaceNews
3068:SpaceNews
2979:Space.com
2934:The Verge
2808:SpaceNews
2779:SpaceNews
2724:SpaceNews
2673:. Usu.edu
2556:990337324
2514:304494949
2190:. Later,
2188:astronaut
1988:Roscosmos
1851:Roscosmos
1829:Roscosmos
1726:in 2009.
1410:Materials
1251:Roscosmos
1232:program.
1230:Gaganyaan
1112:Gravitics
1053:MDA Space
1020:NanoRacks
985:Roscosmos
960:~666.8 m
745:reentered
736:in 2013.
356:a crewed
285:In 1929,
275:stairwell
237:(Legend:
204:'s 1868 "
175:thrusters
157:the 127th
9967:Starship
9937:Minotaur
9895:Delta IV
9875:Delta II
9860:Electron
9821:Launches
9780:heaviest
9770:uncrewed
9741:Vehicles
9677:CubeSats
9618:orbiters
9576:Timeline
9437:European
9376:Missions
9335:Tiangong
9325:Deployed
9320:Visitors
9308:uncrewed
9293:Visiting
9265:Visitors
9253:uncrewed
9213:Visitors
9201:uncrewed
9150:Spacelab
9140:Shenzhou
9046:timeline
8994:timeline
8879:dearMoon
8768:missions
8569:Starship
8534:Dragon 2
8525:Current
8519:Vehicles
8269:Universe
8107:Moonlets
7687:programs
7660:timeline
7648:timeline
7579:Planet X
7574:Planet V
7511:Sednoids
7499:Plutinos
7472:Centaurs
7450:families
7185:Dysnomia
7173:Xiangliu
7168:Gonggong
7156:Makemake
7115:Kerberos
7002:Hyperion
6940:Callisto
6935:Ganymede
6868:Gonggong
6863:Makemake
6718:Gonggong
6711:Makemake
6421:Concepts
6390:Proposed
6285:Columbus
6277:Columbus
6232:Skylab B
6151:Canceled
6077:OPS 0855
6052:Salyut 7
6047:Salyut 6
6042:Salyut 5
6037:Salyut 4
6032:Salyut 3
6022:Salyut 2
6012:Salyut 1
5998:Russia /
5636:(2006).
5609:(eds.).
5593:(2021).
5562:(eds.).
5546:(2022).
5447:cite web
5439:54880762
5394:41941169
5243:11540010
5161:33149317
5120:38174384
4791:BBC News
4691:BBC News
3701:phys.org
3649:Archived
3624:Archived
3603:Archived
3570:Archived
3537:Archived
3511:Archived
3417:Archived
3325:June 18,
3283:June 18,
3276:Engadget
3257:Archived
2993:cite web
2960:BBC News
2850:BBC News
2697:BBC News
2330:Spacelab
2319:See also
2310:Moonbase
2209:taxation
2080:Research
1932:Tianzhou
1926:Shenzhou
1876:Retired
1838:Current
1784:Salyut 7
1708:Salyut 6
1700:Soyuz 11
1696:Salyut 1
1680:Salyut 5
1671:Military
1480:Salyut 1
1440:titanium
1324:Private
1288:Private
1222:K. Sivan
1166:Private
1116:Private
1101:StarMax
1068:Private
841:Remarks
829:Program
791:Tiāngōng
772:Tiangong
696:Tiangong
552:Progress
540:Salyut 7
536:Salyut 6
525:Salyut 5
521:Salyut 3
517:Salyut 2
509:Salyut 1
472:Salyut 1
431:Apollo 9
404:Gemini 8
396:Gemini 7
392:Gemini 6
339:Vostok 1
251:elevator
143:Tiangong
115:Soyuz 11
111:Salyut 1
92:military
72:in orbit
10007:Tsyklon
9870:Delta 1
9835:Antares
9482:by name
9427:Chinese
9422:Mercury
9402:by name
9363:Shuttle
9163:Orbital
9155:Artemis
9120:Mercury
9105:Russian
9034:General
8989:outline
8977:General
8914:Haven-1
8892:Related
8856:Planned
8847:Axiom-2
8842:Axiom-1
8550:Future
8470:MirCorp
8448:Defunct
8374:Redwire
8090:Related
8069:by size
7758:Neptune
7743:Jupiter
7694:Mercury
7619:outline
7564:Phaeton
7559:Nemesis
7546:objects
7398:Neptune
7371:Jupiter
7351:Trojans
7344:Neptune
7329:Jupiter
7309:Mercury
7240:Haumean
7230:Uranian
7212: (
7132:Hiʻiaka
7066:Proteus
7056:Neptune
7044:Miranda
7034:Umbriel
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