2850:
2508:
2835:. Two were later executed; the others avoided sentencing by having gone to exile. From 1944 until 1988 the Estonian Jewish community had no organisations, associations, or clubs. In March 1988, as the process towards regaining Estonia's independence was beginning, the Jewish Cultural Society was established in Tallinn. It was the first of its kind in the late Soviet Union. Unlike in other parts of the Soviet Union, there were no problems with registering either the society or its symbols. The Society began by organising concerts and lectures. Soon the question of founding a Jewish school arose. As a start, a Sunday school was established in 1989. The Tallinn Jewish Gymnasium on Karu Street was being used by a vocational school. In 1990, a Jewish School with grades 1 through 9 was established.
30:
2637:
3673:
5130:
5142:
2757:. Despite anti-semitic government policies, national Jewish organizations, local cultural groups, religious schools, charitable organizations, and organizations for war veterans and Holocaust survivors have been formed. Since the mass immigration of the 1990s, there has been some continuous immigration to Israel. In 2002, 974 Belarusians moved to Israel, and between 2003 and 2005, 4,854 followed suit.
2822:. Cultural autonomy together with all its institutions was liquidated in July 1940. In July and August of the same year all organisations, associations, societies and corporations were closed. Jewish businesses were nationalized. A relatively large number of Jews (350–450, about 10% of the total Jewish population) were
2910:
Russian Jews were forced to move to
Georgia by the Russian government. The Ashkenazi Jews and the Georgian Jews began establishing contact with each other, but relations were strained. Georgian Jews viewed the Ashkenazim as godless and secular, while the Ashkenazim looked down on the Georgian Jews.
2830:
in Russia by the Soviet authorities on 14 June 1941. In WWII, more than 75% of
Estonia's Jewish community, aware of the fate that otherwise awaited them, managed to escape to the Soviet Union; virtually all the remainder (between 950 and 1000 men, women and children) had been killed by the end of
2743:), as well as to the United States. In 1979, there were 135,400 Jews in Belarus; a decade later, 112,000 were left. The collapse of the Soviet Union and Belarusian independence saw most of the community, along with the majority of the former Soviet Union's Jewish population, leave for Israel (see
2474:, many left due to inadequate services and today the country's Jewish population has shrunk to 750. Despite small numbers, a high intermarriage rate, and relative isolation, a great deal of enthusiasm exists to help the community meet its needs. There are about 100 Jews presently living in
2728:. During the first years of Soviet occupation of Belarus, Jews were able to get managing positions in the country. In WWII, atrocities against the Jewish population in the German-conquered areas began almost immediately, with the dispatch of
2810:
congregation was established in 1866 when the first fifty families settled there. Synagogues were built, the largest of which were constructed in
Tallinn in 1883 and Tartu in 1901. Both of these were subsequently destroyed by fire in
2779:
from as early as the 14th century. However, the process of permanent Jewish settlement in
Estonia began in the 19th century, especially after they were granted the official right to enter the region by a statute of
2970:
when the Nazis occupied
Ukraine. During the war, a total of 1.5 million Ukrainian Jews were killed, leaving only 40% of the Jewish population prior to the war. In 1941, when Western Ukraine was taken over by
2507:
3489:
The
Wellspring of Georgian Historiography: The Early Medieval Historical Chronicle The Conversion of Katli and The Life of St. Nino, Constantine B. Lerner, England: Bennett and Bloom, London, 2004, p. 60
3694:
2680:
was more than 50% Jewish. In 1897 there were 724,548 Jews in
Belarus, or 13.6% of the total population. Some 800,000 Jews—90% of the Jewish population—were killed in Belarus during the
4049:
2575:-related activities including those of cultural nature that were carried out in Hebrew were banned. In the early 1920s, a few hundred Mountain Jewish families from Azerbaijan and
5498:
4453:
4436:
4483:
1047:
2724:. Millions of Jews, including tens of thousands of Jews from Belarus, emigrated to the United States of America and South Africa. A small number also emigrated to the
2438:
The history of the Jews in
Armenia dates back more than 2,000 years. After Eastern Armenia came under Russian rule in the early 19th century, Jews began arriving from
2684:. According to the 2009 census, there were 12,926 Jews in Belarus (0.1% of the population). The Jewish Agency estimates the community of Jews in Belarus at 70,000.
3005:. The number of Jews in Ukraine has drastically decreased since the late 20th century. The 2001 census showed that 380,000 Jews left Ukraine since 1989, which was
2622:. The majority of Ashkenazi Jews speak Russian as their first language with Azeri sometimes being spoken as the second. The number of Yiddish-speakers is unknown.
4426:
2420:
which resulted in the end of communist rule in
Central and Eastern Europe, a number of these now sovereign countries constituted the component republics of the
4946:
4446:
2416:. They had now come under the jurisdiction of fifteen states, some of which had never existed and others that had passed out of existence in 1939." Before the
1625:
2849:
2652:
were the third largest ethnic group in the country in the first half of the 20th century. Before World War II, Jews were the third among the ethnic groups in
6194:
1280:
975:
4472:
4441:
1167:
4431:
4383:
3747:
2749:). The 1999 census estimated that there were only 29,000 Jews left in the country. However, local Jewish organizations put the number at 50,000, and the
3701:
2375:
4680:
139:
2802:. The "Nicholas soldiers" and their descendants, and artisans were, basically, the ones who founded the first Jewish congregations in Estonia. The
2641:
1162:
5743:
5506:
3630:
3050:
1410:
3891:
3195:
2700:
were born in
Belarus. By the end of the 19th century, many Belarusian Jews were part of the general flight of Jews from Eastern Europe to the
6222:
5195:
4378:
3991:
1664:
6189:
5330:
5325:
5317:
4044:
4563:
4533:
3860:
3220:
3190:
649:
612:
6227:
5832:
5474:
4820:
4780:
4690:
4501:
4017:
3901:
3180:
3040:
2745:
3436:
6135:
4808:
4703:
4575:
4361:
3911:
3237:
3102:
2739:
1588:
3452:
6140:
4713:
4630:
4523:
1611:
2595:). Between 1972 and 1978 around 3,000 people left Azerbaijan for Israel. 1970 was the demographic peak for Azerbaijani Jews after
5953:
5445:
4653:
4460:
4327:
3875:
3394:
961:
4351:
4196:
2649:
2368:
1538:
1473:
1355:
4838:
4339:
4305:
4293:
4288:
4179:
3368:
659:
4765:
2409:
6078:
6068:
6051:
6046:
5963:
4875:
4643:
3765:
3065:
1097:
3615:
2935:
6088:
6061:
5492:
4755:
4421:
4368:
4356:
3114:
1365:
1182:
1172:
412:
6130:
6103:
6083:
5411:
5380:
5353:
5285:
4803:
4798:
4518:
4466:
2832:
2772:
1761:
1711:
1676:
1370:
1235:
1102:
6184:
5375:
5188:
5055:
5006:
4939:
4750:
4478:
4080:
3984:
3906:
3726:
3687:
3655:
3567:
3225:
3207:
3124:
3109:
3077:
3072:
3030:
2502:
2361:
1453:
1415:
1390:
1310:
1295:
1142:
1082:
1037:
6164:
6108:
5527:
5370:
5085:
5073:
4897:
4887:
4843:
4658:
4334:
4283:
4166:
3804:
3138:
3087:
2823:
1746:
1728:
1634:
1528:
1380:
1375:
1300:
1265:
1132:
2894:. Georgian Jews are one of the oldest communities in Georgia, tracing their migration into the country during the
5842:
5771:
5421:
5090:
5078:
4934:
4919:
4833:
4735:
4317:
4137:
3060:
2471:
2264:
2163:
1718:
1701:
1654:
1553:
1463:
1400:
1350:
1330:
1325:
1245:
1219:
1194:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1032:
1027:
29:
5999:
5587:
5031:
5011:
4708:
4322:
4147:
4075:
3957:
3921:
3839:
3594:
3457:
3319:
3301:
3268:
3119:
3092:
3055:
3045:
3035:
3025:
2990:
2946:
2844:
2766:
2631:
2433:
1737:
1723:
1691:
1671:
1639:
1583:
1558:
1533:
1513:
1503:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1420:
1335:
1320:
1240:
1199:
1152:
1147:
1067:
1012:
5696:
5644:
5522:
5385:
5102:
4929:
4793:
4745:
4506:
4300:
4174:
4157:
3794:
3148:
3097:
3082:
2737:
In the second half of the 20th century, there was a large wave of Belarusian Jews immigrating to Israel (see
2606:. There are relatively large communities of Mountain Jewish expatriates from Azerbaijan in New York City and
2158:
1696:
1681:
1644:
1606:
1578:
1568:
1563:
1548:
1543:
1523:
1508:
1493:
1468:
1434:
1405:
1305:
1290:
1214:
1204:
1122:
1092:
1017:
1003:
6174:
6004:
5921:
5654:
5348:
5181:
4698:
4373:
4268:
4069:
3977:
3771:
3258:
2920:
2819:
1766:
1686:
1649:
1573:
1518:
1385:
1360:
1285:
1260:
1250:
1189:
1112:
1107:
1087:
1077:
1057:
1042:
935:
639:
403:
398:
3291:
2798:, and Jews with higher education to settle in Estonia and other parts of the Russian Empire outside their
6159:
5973:
5718:
5691:
5684:
4979:
4961:
4727:
4585:
4546:
4513:
4203:
4191:
4107:
4009:
3926:
3817:
3170:
3153:
1756:
1751:
1706:
1659:
1345:
1315:
1275:
1270:
1127:
433:
6036:
5713:
5659:
5480:
5268:
4974:
4951:
4924:
3832:
2512:
2230:
2075:
1783:
1177:
373:
363:
99:
17:
6201:
6016:
6011:
5847:
5228:
5016:
4989:
4892:
3865:
3731:
2903:
2344:
2037:
1888:
1829:
720:
4984:
3672:
2656:
and comprised more than 40% of the population in cities and towns. The population of cities such as
6169:
5958:
5852:
5312:
5280:
5097:
3736:
3202:
2976:
2878:
2750:
2047:
2027:
1137:
617:
158:
2591:
did not take place until the 1970s, after the ban on Jewish immigration to Israel was lifted (see
6125:
6093:
5968:
5233:
4346:
3163:
2972:
2188:
2178:
2143:
2022:
2012:
1795:
966:
908:
742:
421:
378:
93:
3415:
3317:
Advocates on Behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States, and Eurasia: Armenia and Jews
6179:
6154:
6120:
6098:
6073:
6056:
6041:
6021:
5978:
5948:
5801:
5565:
5542:
5416:
5302:
5263:
5238:
5026:
4618:
4556:
3916:
3639:
3175:
2831:
1941. The four Estonians held most responsible for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva were accused at
2785:
2307:
2042:
1956:
1022:
574:
193:
163:
3529:
6149:
6115:
6031:
6026:
5911:
5674:
5467:
5427:
5365:
5360:
5297:
5223:
5145:
4117:
3896:
3827:
3359:
3158:
2689:
2636:
2198:
2193:
2138:
1926:
841:
569:
556:
451:
168:
5886:
5837:
5809:
5532:
5462:
5248:
4907:
4770:
4590:
4388:
4102:
3812:
2895:
2540:
2401:
2269:
2221:
1961:
1819:
632:
497:
486:
444:
4994:
8:
5916:
5827:
5819:
5582:
5575:
5307:
5292:
5243:
5134:
4863:
4668:
4597:
4405:
4254:
4132:
4054:
4027:
3855:
3185:
2725:
2417:
2322:
2017:
695:
562:
465:
458:
388:
276:
151:
5896:
5723:
5406:
5168:
5001:
4912:
4229:
4142:
4032:
4022:
3679:
3661:
3504:
2980:
2915:
was a uniting cause for the two groups. Beginning in 1863, groups of Jews began making
2799:
2580:
2524:
2173:
2123:
2070:
2065:
1979:
1849:
1117:
946:
705:
625:
479:
45:
3587:
A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present
3392:
3293:
A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present
5765:
5570:
5433:
5218:
5109:
5049:
4828:
4614:
4310:
4112:
4097:
4039:
3651:
3590:
3573:
3563:
3448:
3364:
3350:
3297:
3264:
2887:
2867:
2859:
2555:. Historically Jews in Azerbaijan have been represented by various subgroups, mainly
2317:
2259:
2239:
2056:
1616:
1255:
715:
586:
516:
393:
306:
173:
2989:, the mobile killing units, were responsible for the mass murder of up to a million
2400:
conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the
5733:
5728:
5602:
5275:
3822:
3643:
3383:
Associated Press, 21 October 2008, "Belarus marks ghetto's destruction 65 years on"
3143:
2532:
2287:
2168:
2128:
2092:
1790:
1340:
851:
607:
511:
426:
316:
108:
5759:
5512:
5021:
4234:
4186:
4092:
3943:
3398:
3323:
2818:
The life of the small Jewish community in Estonia was disrupted in 1940 with the
2615:
2249:
2208:
2203:
2183:
2105:
2099:
2032:
1984:
1824:
1805:
956:
685:
597:
580:
124:
5891:
5701:
5669:
5634:
5555:
5041:
4969:
4249:
4239:
2985:
2907:
2899:
2781:
2730:
2711:
2697:
2693:
2560:
2552:
2483:
2447:
2397:
2349:
2148:
2003:
1883:
1862:
1839:
1834:
1812:
1800:
1395:
876:
810:
775:
753:
690:
528:
506:
368:
347:
323:
89:
71:
3363:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 303–305.
6216:
5864:
5706:
5639:
5486:
4902:
2956:
2952:
2788:
in 1865. This allowed the so-called Jewish 'Nicholas soldiers' (often former
2715:
2619:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2490:
2297:
2292:
1498:
1425:
951:
800:
795:
790:
780:
758:
710:
472:
311:
216:
178:
129:
5438:
3665:
3577:
5928:
5874:
5738:
5550:
5450:
5401:
5258:
5204:
4785:
4606:
4000:
3950:
3354:
3287:
2998:
2994:
2960:
2812:
2685:
2596:
2487:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2421:
2405:
2393:
2327:
2153:
1994:
1989:
1947:
1900:
994:
861:
846:
805:
770:
383:
225:
34:
5791:
5597:
5592:
5560:
4648:
4610:
4602:
4224:
4208:
4122:
4064:
3779:
3742:
3647:
2753:
believes that there are 70,000. About half of the country's Jews live in
2312:
2254:
1919:
825:
820:
815:
785:
2599:; according to the census, 41,288 Jews resided in Azerbaijan that year.
5983:
5869:
5786:
5517:
5456:
4638:
3476:
3471:
3131:
2520:
2470:, the Jewish population rose to approximately 5,000. However, with the
1970:
984:
913:
871:
700:
680:
239:
146:
66:
3969:
5906:
5781:
5776:
5664:
4858:
4853:
4675:
4568:
4398:
4059:
3870:
3337:
2967:
2790:
2701:
2681:
2592:
2133:
2118:
1208:
1156:
918:
866:
856:
537:
533:
523:
438:
198:
5163:
3623:
Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution
3316:
886:
5880:
5796:
5649:
5608:
4848:
4393:
4127:
4087:
3483:
3002:
2891:
2854:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2584:
2576:
2302:
1912:
1844:
675:
183:
134:
4740:
4244:
2912:
2803:
2795:
2776:
2653:
2611:
2607:
2572:
2479:
2475:
2463:
2455:
2278:
2244:
2113:
1907:
896:
891:
763:
654:
549:
545:
541:
290:
285:
262:
244:
119:
114:
104:
82:
57:
3260:
The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority
5901:
5857:
5679:
5614:
5253:
5173:
3784:
2916:
2806:
congregation, the largest in Estonia, was founded in 1830. The
2706:
2677:
2588:
2439:
1938:
1933:
1893:
1878:
989:
881:
301:
267:
253:
188:
3632:
Soviet Jews in World War II: Fighting, Witnessing, Remembering
4663:
4541:
2827:
2807:
2754:
2720:
2661:
2657:
2603:
901:
330:
234:
203:
2602:
Many Jewish émigrés from Azerbaijan settled in Tel-Aviv and
4775:
4551:
3789:
3560:
Yiddish and the creation of Soviet Jewish culture 1918–1930
3001:
violence in Ukraine, diminishing after the period known as
2923:
in February 1921, prompting a mass exodus from the region.
2443:
2413:
53:
4760:
4580:
2966:
The Ukrainian Jews were targeted and murdered during the
3709:
3453:
The Soviet Occupation of Estonia in 1940–41 and the Jews
2775:
starts with individual reports of Jews in what is now
2462:
finding more tolerance in the area than in Russia or
3132:
Aspects of Jewish history specific to the Soviet era
2458:. More Jews moved to Armenia during its period as a
1917:
1898:
321:
5164:
The Refusenik Project - a free educational resource
2959:, together with the rest of the population of the
3472:The Peculiarities of Jewish Settlement in Estonia
2936:History of the Jews in Russia § Soviet Union
6214:
5954:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
4849:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3629:Murav, Harriet; Estraikh, Gennady, eds. (2014).
2794:) and their descendants, First Guild merchants,
5507:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
3051:History of the Jews in Galicia (Eastern Europe)
2734:(task groups) to round up Jews and shoot them.
2610:. Similar to many immigrant communities of the
3892:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
3338:The Electronic Jewish Encyclopædia: Azerbaijan
3296:. Indiana University Press. pp. 215–216.
3263:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90.
2871:
5189:
3985:
3695:
3628:
3562:. New York City: Cambridge University Press.
2618:, Ashkenazi Jews appear to be linguistically
2369:
5964:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
2983:where they were murdered. Additionally, the
3442:
3221:Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS
3191:Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public
613:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5475:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
5196:
5182:
3992:
3978:
3902:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3702:
3688:
3282:
3280:
3196:Soviet Union and the Arab–Israeli conflict
3181:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
3041:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
2746:Russian immigration to Israel in the 1990s
2410:lived under one entity, the Russian Empire
2376:
2362:
3418:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 25 April 1991
3410:
3408:
3406:
3349:Slutsky, Yehuda (2007). "Belorussia". In
3238:History of the Jews in the Russian Empire
3103:History of Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan
2740:Aliyah from the Soviet Union in the 1970s
3584:
3328:
3286:
2906:. In the beginning of the 19th century,
2848:
2635:
2506:
28:
3999:
3612:The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917
3557:
3348:
3310:
3277:
2392:is inextricably linked to much earlier
2390:history of the Jews in the Soviet Union
14:
6215:
4018:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
3416:"Belarus: Virtual Jewish History Tour"
3403:
3256:
5177:
3973:
3683:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3250:
6223:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3711:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
3464:
3214:
3066:History of the Jews in South Ossetia
2919:, mostly for religious reasons. The
2404:of 1917. "For two centuries – wrote
5493:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
3231:
3115:History of the Jews in Turkmenistan
2648:The Jews in Belarus, then known as
2536:
24:
5974:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
3625:(Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005) pp 26–28.
3604:
3492:
25:
6239:
6228:Jewish Russian and Soviet history
5169:Jewish Currents: The Soviet Issue
5157:
3907:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3727:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
3226:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
3208:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
3125:History of the Jews in Uzbekistan
3110:History of the Jews in Tajikistan
3078:History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan
3073:History of the Jews in Kazakhstan
3031:History of the Jews in Azerbaijan
3015:of the entire Jewish population.
2503:History of the Jews in Azerbaijan
404:Historical population comparisons
5528:White genocide conspiracy theory
5203:
5141:
5140:
5128:
3671:
3139:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
3088:History of the Jews in Lithuania
2898:in 6th century BC. In 1801, the
1048:Democratic Republic of the Congo
962:Historical population by country
5772:Institute for Historical Review
5692:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
5422:International Jewish conspiracy
5319:
3522:
3439:at www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3061:History of the Jews in Abkhazia
2472:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3958:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
3840:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
3458:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
3430:
3386:
3377:
3342:
3120:History of the Jews in Ukraine
3093:History of the Jews in Moldova
3056:History of the Jews in Georgia
3046:History of the Jews in Estonia
3036:History of the Jews in Belarus
3026:History of the Jews in Armenia
2993:. Following the atrocities of
2947:History of the Jews in Ukraine
2883:
2845:History of the Jews in Georgia
2767:History of the Jews in Estonia
2632:History of the Jews in Belarus
2529:çuhuro / жугьуро / ז'אוּהאוּרו
2434:History of the Jews in Armenia
13:
1:
5969:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
5697:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
5675:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
5645:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
4681:Political abuse of psychiatry
4473:Congress of People's Deputies
3795:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3551:
3149:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
3098:History of the Jews in Russia
3083:History of the Jews in Latvia
2496:
619:Christianity and Judaism
5949:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
5655:1968 Polish political crisis
3876:Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking
3772:Jewish Communist Youth Union
3589:. Indiana University Press.
3243:
2820:Soviet occupation of Estonia
2726:British Mandate of Palestine
7:
5719:Night of the Murdered Poets
4844:Academy of Medical Sciences
3818:Night of the Murdered Poets
3154:Night of the Murdered Poets
3018:
2771:The history of the Jews in
2519:The History of the Jews in
1918:
1899:
1626:Latin America and Caribbean
322:
10:
6244:
5714:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
5685:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
5660:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
5625:Antisemitic laws, policies
5481:On the Jews and Their Lies
3833:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2944:
2940:
2933:
2842:
2838:
2764:
2760:
2629:
2625:
2528:
2500:
2431:
2427:
2231:Jewish political movements
1928:Conversion to Judaism
5992:
5937:
5818:
5752:
5623:
5541:
5394:
5341:
5211:
5122:
5066:
5040:
4960:
4883:
4874:
4819:
4726:
4689:
4629:
4532:
4494:
4414:
4276:
4267:
4217:
4165:
4156:
4008:
3935:
3884:
3866:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
3848:
3803:
3758:
3748:Jewish history in the JAO
3732:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
3717:
3614:(2 vol, NYU Press, 1988)
3437:Jewish History in Estonia
3306:– via Google Books.
3273:– via Google Books.
3257:Pinkus, Benjamin (1990).
2975:, the Jews were put into
2929:
2872:
2833:war crimes trials in 1961
2616:Soviet eras in Azerbaijan
2548:
634:Hinduism and Judaism
5959:Community Security Trust
5833:Black Death persecutions
3737:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
3534:www.yivoencyclopedia.org
3509:www.yivoencyclopedia.org
3203:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2921:Red Army invaded Georgia
2478:, mainly in the capital
460:Temple in Jerusalem
153:Bar and bat mitzvah
6165:Palestinian Territories
5670:Dreyfus Affair (France)
5135:Soviet Union portal
3927:Jackson–Vanik amendment
3558:Schneer, David (2004).
3530:"YIVO | Einsatzgruppen"
3171:Jackson–Vanik amendment
3164:Stalin and antisemitism
2642:German–occupied Belarus
2408:– millions of Jews had
422:Twelve Tribes of Israel
5979:Stephen Roth Institute
5627:and government actions
5566:Portuguese Inquisition
5543:Religious antisemitism
5417:Double genocide theory
5303:Secondary antisemitism
5239:Religious antisemitism
5027:Stalinist architecture
4781:Science and technology
4691:Ideological repression
4619:Soviet Airborne Forces
4557:Destruction battalions
3936:Media and publications
3885:International activism
3861:Anti-Zionist Committee
3766:Jewish Communist Party
3640:Academic Studies Press
3621:Levy, Richard S., ed.
3585:Gitelman, Zvi (2001).
2863:
2645:
2544:
2537:אַזערבייַדזאַניש יִידן
2516:
38:
5939:Organizations working
5499:Contemporary imprints
5428:The International Jew
5298:Rootless cosmopolitan
4809:List of metro systems
4362:Collective leadership
3897:Soviet Jewry movement
3828:Rootless cosmopolitan
3360:Encyclopaedia Judaica
3159:Rootless cosmopolitan
2997:, there was a lot of
2852:
2704:due to conflicts and
2690:Mendele Mocher Sforim
2639:
2549:Азербайджанские евреи
2510:
2482:. They are mostly of
1168:São Tomé and Príncipe
1163:Republic of the Congo
557:Second Temple Judaism
428:Kingdom of Judah
399:Modern historiography
37:(dark green) in 1989.
32:
5941:against antisemitism
5887:Martyrdom in Judaism
5753:Antisemitic websites
5665:Leo Frank trial (US)
5561:Catholic Inquisition
5533:Zionist antisemitism
5249:Antisemitism studies
4771:Net material product
4714:Censorship of images
4631:Political repression
4591:Soviet Border Troops
4524:First Deputy Premier
4108:1965 economic reform
4103:Soviet space program
3813:1931 Menshevik Trial
3648:10.2307/j.ctt1zxsjkw
2896:Babylonian captivity
2486:origin and some are
2402:Bolshevik Revolution
2270:World Agudath Israel
1411:United Arab Emirates
498:Second Temple period
488:Babylonian captivity
5917:Spanish Inquisition
5828:Rhineland massacres
5583:Rhineland massacres
5576:Spanish Inquisition
5308:Stereotypes of Jews
5293:Racial antisemitism
5244:Persecution of Jews
4839:Academy of Sciences
4654:Population transfer
4598:Soviet Armed Forces
4461:Congress of Soviets
4442:Presidium/Politburo
4406:Soviet anti-Zionism
4255:West Siberian Plain
4133:Revolutions of 1989
4070:Great Patriotic War
4055:New Economic Policy
3856:Soviet anti-Zionism
3805:Soviet antisemitism
3470:Berg, Eiki (1994).
3397:6 July 2011 at the
3322:6 July 2011 at the
3186:Soviet Anti-Zionism
2951:Jews living in the
2866:The Georgian Jews (
2545:cuhudlar, yəhudilər
2418:revolutions of 1989
563:Hellenistic Judaism
141:Land of Israel
100:Principles of faith
6136:Conservative Party
5897:Pale of Settlement
5407:Christian Identity
5381:Soviet mathematics
5286:Working definition
4484:Military Collegium
4352:Capital punishment
4230:Caucasus Mountains
4143:Post-Soviet states
4023:Russian Revolution
3449:Weiss-Wendt, Anton
3351:Berenbaum, Michael
2979:and later sent to
2884:kartveli ebraelebi
2873:ქართველი ებრაელები
2864:
2800:Pale of Settlement
2646:
2517:
2124:Jewish Koine Greek
1666:Dominican Republic
947:Judaism by country
626:Jews and Christmas
481:Assyrian captivity
39:
6210:
6209:
5853:Ghettos in Europe
5766:The Daily Stormer
5571:Roman Inquisition
5434:Jewish Bolshevism
5154:
5153:
5118:
5117:
5110:Hammer and sickle
5052:and their groups
5050:Soviet dissidents
4829:Communist Academy
4746:Economic planning
4722:
4721:
4615:Soviet Air Forces
4534:Security services
4454:General Secretary
4437:Central Committee
4379:Political parties
4311:Brezhnev Doctrine
4306:Foreign relations
4263:
4262:
4204:Autonomous okrugs
4118:Soviet–Afghan War
4098:Sino-Soviet split
4040:Russian Civil War
3967:
3966:
3912:Cleveland Council
3370:978-0-02-866097-4
3215:Post-Soviet Union
2860:Shalom Koboshvili
2515:, Azerbaijan 1932
2511:Mountain Jews in
2386:
2385:
2335:
2334:
2083:
2082:
1830:Reconstructionist
1774:
1773:
926:
925:
733:
732:
570:Jewish–Roman wars
518:Hasmonean dynasty
434:Kingdom of Israel
338:
337:
16:(Redirected from
6235:
5734:Holocaust denial
5603:Host desecration
5412:Cultural Marxism
5342:Antisemitism and
5321:
5276:New antisemitism
5198:
5191:
5184:
5175:
5174:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5132:
5131:
4881:
4880:
4789:
4644:Collectivization
4389:Marxism–Leninism
4274:
4273:
4163:
4162:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3669:
3637:
3600:
3581:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3505:"YIVO | Ukraine"
3501:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3468:
3462:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3412:
3401:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3288:Gitelman, Zvi Y.
3284:
3275:
3274:
3254:
3232:Pre-Soviet Union
3176:Lishkat Hakesher
3014:
3013:
3009:
2885:
2882:
2875:
2874:
2650:Byelorussian SSR
2551:) dates back to
2550:
2538:
2530:
2396:policies of the
2378:
2371:
2364:
2227:
2226:
2108:
1929:
1923:
1904:
1868:
1867:
1815:
1762:New Zealand
1714:
1677:El Salvador
1667:
1599:Northern America
1591:
1185:
941:
940:
852:Crimean Karaites
748:
747:
726:
724:
645:
643:
635:
629:
620:
608:Rabbinic Judaism
589:
583:
577:
565:
553:
519:
512:Maccabean Revolt
489:
482:
476:
468:
461:
455:
447:
429:
353:
352:
327:
222:
221:
154:
142:
41:
40:
33:Location of the
21:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6206:
5988:
5942:
5940:
5933:
5814:
5803:The Right Stuff
5760:Bible Believers
5748:
5628:
5626:
5619:
5537:
5513:Self-hating Jew
5390:
5371:Nation of Islam
5337:
5207:
5202:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5129:
5127:
5114:
5062:
5036:
4956:
4870:
4815:
4787:
4761:Internet domain
4756:Five-year plans
4718:
4685:
4625:
4528:
4490:
4422:Communist Party
4410:
4369:Passport system
4259:
4235:European Russia
4213:
4152:
4093:Khrushchev Thaw
4072:(World War II)
4050:Creation treaty
4004:
3998:
3968:
3963:
3944:Am Yisrael Chai
3931:
3880:
3844:
3799:
3754:
3713:
3708:
3670:
3658:
3635:
3607:
3605:Further reading
3597:
3570:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3469:
3465:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3404:
3399:Wayback Machine
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3347:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3324:Wayback Machine
3315:
3311:
3304:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3234:
3217:
3212:
3134:
3129:
3021:
3011:
3007:
3006:
2949:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2904:Eastern Georgia
2877:
2847:
2841:
2769:
2763:
2718:of the Russian
2640:Jews in Minsk,
2634:
2628:
2583:and settled in
2505:
2499:
2460:Soviet republic
2454:communities in
2436:
2430:
2382:
2337:
2336:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2204:Judeo-Malayalam
2184:Judaeo-Georgian
2104:
2095:
2085:
2084:
1985:Yiddish theatre
1927:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1813:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1712:
1665:
1589:
1183:
967:Genetic studies
938:
928:
927:
745:
735:
734:
722:
721:
641:
640:
633:
623:
618:
600:and Middle Ages
598:Rabbinic period
585:
579:
572:
560:
531:
517:
487:
480:
471:
463:
459:
450:
445:in Judaism
442:
427:
350:
340:
339:
219:
209:
208:
152:
140:
85:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6131:United Kingdom
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6054:
6049:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Nuremberg Laws
5889:
5884:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5848:Jewish quarter
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5744:ZOG conspiracy
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5702:Final Solution
5694:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5635:Ghetto benches
5631:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5558:
5556:Jewish deicide
5553:
5547:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5489:
5484:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5395:Related topics
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5159:
5158:External links
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5082:
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5070:
5068:
5064:
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5061:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5037:
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5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4937:
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4917:
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4905:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4804:Rail transport
4801:
4799:Railway system
4791:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
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4595:
4594:
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4588:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4519:Deputy Premier
4516:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4502:Heads of state
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4470:
4467:Supreme Soviet
4464:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4384:State ideology
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4280:
4278:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4250:Ural Mountains
4247:
4242:
4240:North Caucasus
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4171:
4169:
4160:
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4150:
4145:
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4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3922:Freedom Sunday
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3656:
3626:
3619:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3582:
3568:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3521:
3491:
3482:
3480:33.4, 465–470.
3463:
3461:12.2, 308–325.
3441:
3429:
3402:
3385:
3376:
3369:
3341:
3327:
3309:
3302:
3276:
3269:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3017:
2991:Ukrainian Jews
2986:Einsatzgruppen
2945:Main article:
2942:
2939:
2934:Main article:
2931:
2928:
2900:Russian Empire
2843:Main article:
2840:
2837:
2765:Main article:
2762:
2759:
2731:Einsatzgruppen
2712:Russian Empire
2710:engulfing the
2698:Menachem Begin
2694:Chaim Weizmann
2630:Main article:
2627:
2624:
2561:Ashkenazi Jews
2553:Late Antiquity
2501:Main article:
2498:
2495:
2432:Main article:
2429:
2426:
2398:Russian Empire
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2265:Territorialism
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Judaeo-Spanish
2146:
2144:Judaeo-Iranian
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:United Kingdom
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Bilad-el-Sudan
1020:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
979:
978:
976:Land of Israel
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
939:
934:
933:
930:
929:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
836:
835:
834:Related groups
831:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
767:
766:
761:
746:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
730:
729:
728:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
691:Jewish atheism
688:
683:
678:
670:
669:
665:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:Islamic–Jewish
637:
630:
615:
610:
602:
601:
594:
593:
592:
591:
567:
554:
526:
521:
514:
509:
507:Yehud Medinata
501:
500:
494:
493:
492:
491:
484:
477:
469:
456:
448:
436:
431:
424:
416:
415:
413:Ancient Israel
409:
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
369:Land of Israel
366:
358:
357:
351:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
335:
334:
333:
328:
324:Shulchan Aruch
319:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
294:
293:
288:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
265:
257:
256:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
220:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
149:
144:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
102:
97:
90:God in Judaism
86:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
69:
61:
60:
50:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6240:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6185:United States
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5865:The Holocaust
5863:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Doctors' plot
5727:
5725:
5724:Slánský trial
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5707:The Holocaust
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5680:Farhud (Iraq)
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:Hep-Hep riots
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:Martin Luther
5586:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:Weaponization
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5488:
5487:Philosemitism
5485:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Khazar theory
5444:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:Olympic Games
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5354:New Testament
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5187:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5147:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Printed media
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4940:Cyrillisation
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Working class
4906:
4904:
4903:Soviet people
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Energy policy
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4479:Supreme Court
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4081:The Holocaust
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Doctors' plot
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:Organizations
3757:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3657:9781618116864
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:Levin, Nora.
3609:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3569:9780521826303
3565:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3486:
3479:
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3467:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3438:
3433:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3355:Skolnik, Fred
3352:
3345:
3339:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Doctors' plot
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
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3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
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3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:Sovietization
2954:
2953:Ukrainian SSR
2948:
2937:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:Jewish Agency
2748:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2716:anti-Semitism
2713:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Sovietization
2566:
2565:Georgian Jews
2562:
2558:
2557:Mountain Jews
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2491:Georgian Jews
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Judeo-Aramaic
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Judeo-Italian
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Ghardaïa Sign
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:Denominations
1780:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:United States
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Guinea-Bissau
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
980:
977:
974:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:Lists of Jews
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
931:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
837:
833:
832:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
738:
727:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:The Holocaust
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
667:
666:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
638:
636:
631:
627:
621:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
599:
596:
595:
588:
582:
576:
571:
568:
564:
558:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
499:
496:
495:
490:
485:
483:
478:
474:
470:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
446:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
359:
355:
354:
349:
344:
343:
332:
329:
326:
325:
320:
318:
315:
313:
312:Mishneh Torah
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
297:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
278:
275:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
255:
252:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:
227:
224:
223:
218:
213:
212:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
150:
148:
145:
143:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
87:
84:
79:
78:
73:
72:Who is a Jew?
70:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
55:
52:
51:
47:
43:
42:
36:
31:
27:
19:
6195:21st century
6175:South Africa
6141:Labour Party
6062:21st century
6005:Saudi Arabia
5929:Yellow badge
5879:
5875:Jewish quota
5802:
5764:
5739:Yellow badge
5607:
5551:Anti-Judaism
5505:
5491:
5479:
5455:
5451:Ku Klux Klan
5426:
5402:Anti-Zionism
5386:Universities
5349:Christianity
5259:Adolf Hitler
5205:Antisemitism
5126:
4898:Demographics
4888:Antisemitism
4741:Central Bank
4659:Forced labor
4607:Spetsnaz GRU
4427:organisation
4335:Human rights
4284:Constitution
4167:Subdivisions
4045:Russian SFSR
4001:Soviet Union
3956:
3951:Jews on Land
3949:
3942:
3718:
3710:
3666:j.ctt1zxsjkw
3631:
3622:
3611:
3586:
3559:
3537:. Retrieved
3533:
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3508:
3485:
3475:
3466:
3456:
3444:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3388:
3379:
3358:
3344:
3335:(in Russian)
3330:
3312:
3292:
3259:
3252:
2995:World War II
2984:
2965:
2961:Soviet Union
2950:
2925:
2865:
2853:
2828:prison camps
2817:
2813:World War II
2789:
2786:Alexander II
2773:Estonian SSR
2770:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2729:
2719:
2705:
2686:Marc Chagall
2647:
2601:
2597:World War II
2518:
2468:World War II
2437:
2422:Soviet Union
2406:Zvi Gitelman
2394:expansionist
2389:
2387:
2328:Post-Zionism
2199:Judeo-Berber
2194:Judeo-Arabic
2154:Judeo-Gascon
1901:Pidyon haben
1820:Conservative
1366:Saudi Arabia
1184:South Africa
1173:Sierra Leone
995:Israeli Jews
909:Mosaic Arabs
862:Kaifeng Jews
723:Arab–Israeli
696:Emancipation
575:Great Revolt
384:Anti-Judaism
379:Antisemitism
374:Name "Judea"
169:Baal teshuva
35:Soviet Union
26:
6160:New Zealand
5912:Segregation
5820:Persecution
5792:Radio Islam
5598:Blood libel
5593:Blood curse
5366:Middle Ages
5212:Core topics
5002:Phraseology
4947:Prohibition
4935:Linguistics
4920:Drug policy
4913:1989 census
4834:Cybernetics
4736:Agriculture
4649:Great Purge
4611:Soviet Navy
4603:Soviet Army
4475:(1989–1991)
4469:(1938–1991)
4463:(1922–1936)
4447:Secretariat
4318:Gun control
4225:Caspian Sea
4209:Closed city
4138:Dissolution
4123:Perestroika
4065:Great Purge
3780:Yevsektsiya
3743:Birobidzhan
3539:13 December
3514:13 December
2999:antisemitic
2981:death camps
2886:) are from
2587:. The next
2547:; Russian:
2541:Azerbaijani
2446:, creating
2323:Revisionist
2313:Neo-Zionism
1920:Zeved habat
1713:Puerto Rico
1539:Netherlands
1371:South Korea
1356:Philippines
1236:Afghanistan
1103:Ivory Coast
877:Crypto-Jews
842:Bnei Anusim
821:Bene Israel
786:Beta Israel
743:Communities
650:Middle Ages
389:Persecution
164:Bereavement
6217:Categories
6037:Costa Rica
6000:Arab world
5984:Yad Vashem
5907:Refuseniks
5870:Jewish hat
5843:Expulsions
5810:Stormfront
5518:Xenophobia
5468:in English
5457:Mein Kampf
5439:Żydokomuna
5269:Propaganda
5042:Opposition
5032:Television
5012:Propaganda
4985:Literature
4859:Naukograds
4854:Sharashkas
4788:(currency)
4766:Inventions
4709:Censorship
4639:Red Terror
4323:Government
4197:Autonomous
4180:Autonomous
4113:Stagnation
4076:Evacuation
3638:. Boston:
3596:0253214181
3552:References
3477:GeoJournal
3303:0253214181
3270:0521389267
2955:underwent
2791:cantonists
2521:Azerbaijan
2513:Quba rayon
2497:Azerbaijan
2448:Ashkenazic
2308:Maximalism
2260:Secularism
2240:Autonomism
2057:Literature
1850:Humanistic
1454:Azerbaijan
1416:Uzbekistan
1391:Tajikistan
1311:Kyrgyzstan
1296:Kazakhstan
1143:Mozambique
1118:Madagascar
1038:Cape Verde
990:New Yishuv
985:Old Yishuv
936:Population
914:Subbotniks
872:Samaritans
811:Romanyotim
754:Ashkenazim
701:Old Yishuv
681:Sabbateans
668:Modern era
660:Golden Age
587:Bar Kokhba
307:Beit Yosef
174:Philosophy
18:Soviet Jew
6202:Venezuela
6017:Australia
6012:Argentina
5993:By region
5922:Expulsion
5782:Metapedia
5777:Jew Watch
5463:in Arabic
5229:Geography
5224:Economics
5103:Republics
5091:Republics
5079:Republics
4930:Languages
4794:Transport
4676:Holodomor
4569:Militsiya
4507:President
4399:Stalinism
4301:Elections
4175:Republics
4158:Geography
4148:Nostalgia
4060:Stalinism
3871:Refusenik
3244:Footnotes
2968:Holocaust
2908:Ashkenazi
2890:, in the
2879:romanized
2702:New World
2682:Holocaust
2620:Russified
2593:Refusenik
2581:Palestine
2579:left for
2525:Judeo-Tat
2484:Ashkenazi
2412:and the
2318:Religious
2174:Zarphatic
2164:Bukharian
2134:Judeo-Tat
2119:Yeshivish
2093:Languages
2048:Sephardic
2038:Israelite
2028:Ethiopian
2018:Ashkenazi
1957:Religious
1747:Australia
1729:Venezuela
1635:Argentina
1617:Greenland
1529:Lithuania
1381:Sri Lanka
1376:Singapore
1301:Kurdistan
1266:Indonesia
1256:Hong Kong
1209:Abayudaya
1133:Mauritius
867:Igbo Jews
857:Krymchaks
776:Sephardim
644:relations
538:Sadducees
534:Pharisees
524:Sanhedrin
439:Jerusalem
199:Synagogue
67:Etymology
6170:Pakistan
6104:Imperial
5881:Judensau
5838:Boycotts
5797:Redwatch
5787:Podblanc
5650:May Laws
5609:Judensau
5313:Timeline
5281:Three Ds
5264:Americas
5146:Category
4699:Religion
4586:Chairmen
4432:Congress
4394:Leninism
4374:Propiska
4269:Politics
4128:Glasnost
4088:Cold War
4028:February
3578:52418128
3451:(1998).
3422:16 April
3395:Archived
3357:(eds.).
3320:Archived
3290:(2001).
3019:See also
3003:Glasnost
2902:annexed
2892:Caucasus
2868:Georgian
2855:Shechita
2824:deported
2796:artisans
2714:and the
2674:Viciebsk
2670:Babrujsk
2666:Mahiliou
2585:Tel Aviv
2577:Dagestan
2567:. After
2466:. After
2345:Category
2303:Kahanism
2250:Feminism
2222:Politics
2106:Biblical
2076:American
2023:Bukharan
2013:American
1913:Shidduch
1889:Clothing
1845:Haymanot
1791:Orthodox
1719:Suriname
1702:Paraguay
1655:Colombia
1554:Portugal
1464:Bulgaria
1401:Thailand
1351:Pakistan
1331:Mongolia
1326:Malaysia
1246:Cambodia
1220:Zimbabwe
1195:Tanzania
1073:Eswatini
1063:Ethiopia
1053:Djibouti
1033:Cameroon
1028:Botswana
957:Diaspora
919:Noahides
892:Marranos
816:Cochinim
801:Bukharim
791:Gruzinim
781:Teimanim
771:Mizrahim
759:Galician
725:conflict
686:Hasidism
676:Haskalah
581:Diaspora
452:timeline
364:Timeline
277:Rabbinic
184:Kabbalah
159:Marriage
135:Tzedakah
125:Holidays
83:Religion
46:a series
44:Part of
6190:History
6126:Ukraine
6094:Romania
6079:Hungary
6069:Germany
6052:Belgium
6047:Austria
5902:Pogroms
5234:History
5219:Canards
5067:Symbols
4980:Fashion
4962:Culture
4876:Society
4821:Science
4786:Rouble
4728:Economy
4704:Science
4514:Premier
4495:Offices
4357:Leaders
4277:General
4245:Siberia
4218:Regions
4192:Oblasts
4033:October
4010:History
3849:Zionism
3719:History
3010:⁄
2977:ghettos
2973:Germany
2941:Ukraine
2913:Zionism
2888:Georgia
2839:Georgia
2804:Tallinn
2782:Russian
2777:Estonia
2761:Estonia
2707:pogroms
2654:Belarus
2626:Belarus
2612:Czarist
2608:Toronto
2573:Zionism
2533:Yiddish
2488:Mizrahi
2480:Yerevan
2476:Armenia
2464:Ukraine
2456:Yerevan
2452:Mizrahi
2428:Armenia
2288:General
2279:Zionism
2255:Leftism
2245:Bundism
2169:Knaanic
2129:Yevanic
2114:Yiddish
2071:Yiddish
2066:Israeli
2043:Mizrahi
2033:Israeli
2004:Cuisine
1980:Ancient
1962:Secular
1908:Kashrut
1884:Wedding
1871:Customs
1863:Culture
1840:Science
1835:Renewal
1825:Karaite
1806:Hasidic
1738:Oceania
1724:Uruguay
1692:Jamaica
1672:Ecuador
1640:Bolivia
1584:Ukraine
1559:Romania
1534:Moldova
1514:Hungary
1504:Germany
1499:Georgia
1489:Finland
1484:Estonia
1479:Denmark
1474:Czechia
1459:Belarus
1449:Austria
1444:Armenia
1421:Vietnam
1336:Myanmar
1321:Lebanon
1241:Bahrain
1200:Tunisia
1178:Somalia
1153:Nigeria
1148:Namibia
1138:Morocco
1068:Eritrea
1013:Algeria
897:Neofiti
806:Italkim
796:Juhurim
706:Zionism
655:Khazars
550:Sicarii
546:Zealots
542:Essenes
529:Schisms
394:Leaders
356:General
348:History
291:Tosefta
286:Midrash
263:Mishnah
245:Ketuvim
240:Nevi'im
189:Customs
120:Shabbat
115:Halakha
107: (
105:Mitzvot
92: (
58:Judaism
6180:Turkey
6155:Mexico
6121:Sweden
6109:Soviet
6099:Russia
6089:Norway
6074:Greece
6057:France
6042:Europe
6022:Canada
5858:Mellah
5805:(blog)
5615:Pogrom
5254:Nazism
5086:Emblem
5074:Anthem
5022:Sports
4975:Cinema
4970:Ballet
4952:Racism
4925:Family
4415:Bodies
4003:topics
3785:Komzet
3774:(EKSM)
3768:(EKP)
3739:(JAO)
3664:
3654:
3616:online
3593:
3576:
3566:
3367:
3300:
3267:
2930:Russia
2917:aliyah
2870::
2862:, 1940
2678:Homiel
2676:, and
2644:, 1941
2589:aliyah
2440:Poland
2350:Portal
2209:Domari
2139:Shassi
2100:Hebrew
1995:Humour
1939:Hiloni
1934:Aliyah
1894:Niddah
1879:Minyan
1814:Reform
1801:Haredi
1796:Modern
1697:Mexico
1682:Guyana
1645:Brazil
1607:Canada
1579:Sweden
1569:Serbia
1564:Russia
1549:Poland
1544:Norway
1524:Latvia
1509:Greece
1494:France
1469:Cyprus
1435:Europe
1406:Turkey
1396:Taiwan
1306:Kuwait
1291:Jordan
1281:Israel
1215:Zambia
1205:Uganda
1123:Malawi
1093:Guinea
1083:Gambia
1018:Angola
1004:Africa
887:Dönmeh
882:Anusim
826:Berber
764:Litvak
716:Israel
622:
559:
473:Second
441:
302:Targum
268:Gemara
254:Talmud
226:Tanakh
179:Ethics
130:Prayer
6150:Japan
6116:Spain
6084:Italy
6032:Chile
6027:China
5361:Islam
5318:19th
5017:Radio
4995:Opera
4990:Music
4893:Crime
4664:Gulag
4542:Cheka
4187:Krais
3917:Nativ
3662:JSTOR
3636:(PDF)
2826:into
2808:Tartu
2784:Tsar
2755:Minsk
2721:czars
2662:Pinsk
2658:Minsk
2604:Haifa
2298:Labor
2293:Green
1990:Dance
1948:Music
1767:Palau
1687:Haiti
1650:Chile
1574:Spain
1519:Italy
1426:Yemen
1386:Syria
1361:Qatar
1341:Nepal
1286:Japan
1261:India
1251:China
1190:Sudan
1113:Libya
1108:Kenya
1088:Ghana
1078:Gabon
1058:Egypt
1043:Benin
902:Xueta
847:Lemba
466:First
331:Zohar
235:Torah
217:Texts
204:Rabbi
194:Rites
94:names
5331:21st
5326:20th
5098:Flag
5056:List
4864:List
4776:OGAS
4669:List
4552:NKVD
4340:LGBT
4328:List
4294:1977
4289:1936
3790:OZET
3652:ISBN
3591:ISBN
3574:OCLC
3564:ISBN
3541:2016
3516:2016
3424:2013
3365:ISBN
3298:ISBN
3265:ISBN
2696:and
2614:and
2571:all
2563:and
2450:and
2444:Iran
2442:and
2414:USSR
2388:The
1757:Guam
1752:Fiji
1707:Peru
1660:Cuba
1346:Oman
1316:Laos
1276:Iraq
1271:Iran
1228:Asia
1157:Igbo
1128:Mali
147:Brit
56:and
54:Jews
4581:KGB
4576:MGB
4564:MVD
4547:GPU
4347:Law
3644:doi
1971:Art
317:Tur
109:613
6219::
5320:C.
4613:•
4609:•
3660:.
3650:.
3642:.
3572:.
3532:.
3507:.
3494:^
3474:.
3455:.
3405:^
3353:;
3279:^
2963:.
2876:,
2858:,
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2692:,
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2668:,
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548:,
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