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Economic
Cooperation was established in Moscow in 1963, and the 'transferable ruble' was introduced. The integration failed to materialize for a number of reasons. Firstly, the new currency was separated from foreign trade as is characteristic of centralized planned economies, and so was not able to perform the various functions of money outside of being a unit of account Additionally, integration failed due to a general lack of interest, as well as the implementation of 'market liberalization' policies within several member states throughout the decade. Hence, the CMEA switched gears in the second half of the 1960s, and instead a reform was proposed which encouraged countries to pursue their own specialized industrialization projects without the needed participation of all other member states. East Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia agreed to these terms, however Bulgaria and Romania did not, and many political officials throughout the Eastern bloc prevented the 'market liberalization' policies from being implemented at the CMEA level. The inability for member countries to reach a consensus about economic reforms coupled with the desire to create 'dynamics of dissent' within the Council against the USSR contributed to a lack of planning coordination by the CMEA throughout the decade.
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3049:. Since the state is effectively the sole business proprietor and controls banking, it theoretically avoids classic financial frictions and consumer confidence challenges. Because the state makes labor compulsory and can run enterprises at a loss, full employment is a theoretical possibility even when capital stocks are too low to justify it in a market system. This was an advantage that the USSR arguably realized by 1930, although critics argue that sometimes certain segments of Soviet labor exhibited zero productivity, meaning that although workers were on employment rolls, they essentially sat idle because of capital deficiencies, i.e. there was employed unemployment.
3069:, rapid GDP growth, and rising per capita consumption. Industrial production as a result of the 5 Year Plans was also rapid. During the first 5 Year Plan for example, Cast Iron production reportedly saw a 188%, going from 3,300,000 tonnes to 6,240,000 tonnes a year. In 1928, industrial output of electricity was 5,000,000,000 kW/h, rising to 13,000,000,000 kW/h by 1932, an increase of 270%. Industrial output of cars in the same time frame saw an increase of almost 3000%, rising from 0.8 pieces (in thousands) up to 23.9.
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introduced a strong bias towards underproduction, resulting in a scarcity of consumer goods. Another disadvantage is that while STP does allow for the theoretically possibility of full employment, the USSR often achieved full employment by operating enterprises at a loss or leaving workers idle. There was always a Pareto superior alternative available to the USSR rather than full employment, specifically with the option to close some enterprises and make transfer payments to the unemployed.
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good being constantly in shortage, while others were constantly in surplus and wasted. These issues were naturally observed by Soviet economists, but any proposals to change the basic operating paradigms of the economic planning in response to observed inefficiencies were blocked by ideological hardliners, who perceived them as an unacceptable deviation from
Marxism–Leninism, an economic model which they perceived to be "scientifically" proven to be superior.
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put into place, wherein production plans would be shared amongst members, and each country would specialize in a different area of production. The USSR encouraged the formation of the council as a response to the United States’ Marshall Plan, in hopes of maintaining their sphere of influence in
Eastern Europe. There also existed the hope that the less developed member states would ‘catch-up’ economically with the more industrialized ones.
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efficiency of two
Eastern bloc countries (Hungary, Poland) from the 1970s to the 1980s and comparing it to that of developed and developing countries, it was found that the two European socialist countries were less efficient than both developed and developing countries, and this efficiency gap had only widened in the years of analysis. It was seen that Hungary was more efficient than Poland at this time. The raw material subsidies (
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the 'complex program', designed to promote further trade integration. This integration plan heavily relied on countries specializing in the production of certain goods and services, and parallel initiatives were discouraged and to be avoided. For instance, Hungary specialized in the manufacturing of buses for local and long-distance transport, which encouraged other member countries to trade with
Hungary in order to acquire them.
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2832:) that the Soviet Union had provided since the 1950s were drastically reduced to the point of insignificance by the end of the 1980s, due to Eastern bloc countries having to buy industrial goods at a higher price than what was offered on the global market. The lack of support from the USSR as well as the lack of political consensus over reforms only hastened the decline of the CMEA.
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The Soviet Union also gave
Eastern bloc countries subsidies in the form of raw materials at prices lower than those offered in the global market. However, despite these efforts, varying degrees of development still remained between the industrialized countries and the more agrarian ones, which would contribute to the Bloc's economic stagnation in later decades.
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births. Following the creation of the Polish People's
Republic, the life expectancy in Poland increased to 70 years and infant mortality decreased to 30 deaths per 1000 live births. However, this success was limited by a rise in alcohol and cigarette consumption, which saw a rise in preventable deaths.
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Scholars who reject the neoclassical approach produce a shorter list of disadvantages, but because these disadvantages are valid even from the Soviet perspective, they are perhaps even more damning of STP than those listed above. These scholars consider STP's inability to predict things like weather,
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In the 1970s, the CMEA adopted a few initiatives in order to continue economic growth and to modernize the economy. Firstly, the
Eastern bloc heavily imported technology from the West in order to modernize, increasing the debt of the Eastern Bloc to the West dramatically. In 1971, the CMEA introduced
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being imposed. As a result, the
Eastern Bloc countries started to develop autarkic tendencies which would last until the Soviet Union's dissolution. Trade was also able to grow, not just between member states but within them as well, and the agrarian states of the eastern bloc began to industrialize.
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data) and other indicators such as number of patients per physician and argued that countries that predominantly used socialist-style economic planning in their economies achieved slightly better indicators at low and medium levels of income than countries with predominantly market-oriented economies
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In contrast to this approach, scholars such as Pawel
Dembinski argue that neoclassical tools are somewhat inappropriate for evaluating Soviet-type planning because they attempt to quantify and measure phenomena specific to capitalist-based economies. They contend that because standard economic models
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Firstly, complete price stability is achievable because of the state's control over setting prices and the money supply. To maintain a fixed currency value, all the state has to do is balance the total value of goods available during a given planning period with the amount of wages it pays according
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Falsification of statistics and "output juggling" of factories in order to satisfy central plans became a widespread phenomenon, leading to discrepancies between "reality of the plan" and the actual availability of goods as observed on site by consumers. Plan failures, when it was no longer possible
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was instrumental in beginning the process which led to the creation of the council. Originally, Romania wanted to create a collaborative economic system which would bolster the country's efforts to industrialize. However, the Czech and Polish representatives wanted to have a system of specialization
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directly in the pricing mechanism. Another is the total capture of value obtained in STP which is neglected in market economies. By this, it is meant that while a worker might put in a certain amount of work to produce a good, a market might value that good at less than the cost of labor the worker
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of $ 1,488 in international dollars which grew 461% to $ 6,871 by 1990. By comparison, Western Europe grew from a higher base of $ 3,688 international dollars by a comparable 457% to $ 16,872 in the same period and reached $ 17,921 by 1998. Following the fall of the USSR in 1991, its GDP per capita
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until it dissolved in 1991, although the type and extent of planning was of a different nature before imperative centralized planning was introduced in the 1930s. While there were many subtleties to the various forms of economic organization the USSR employed during this 70-year time period, enough
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In the USSR in the late 1980s the system was normally referred to as the 'administrative-command' economy. What was fundamental to this system was not the plan but the role of administrative hierarchies at all levels of decision making; the absence of control over decision making by the population
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The council began to lose its credibility from the 1960s onwards, because disagreements between member countries over the necessity of various reforms led to the slowing of economic growth. In order to encourage economic integration and maintain soviet economic planning, the International Bank for
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presented the political and economic state of Eastern bloc authoritarianism as a logical consequence of Marxism–Leninism, rather than a "deviation". Nikolay Shmelyov described the state of the Soviet economy in the '80s as having large-scale systemic inefficiencies and unbalanced outputs, with one
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underlying decision-making), the results obtained from a neoclassical analysis will distort the actual effects of STP. These other scholars proceed along a different course by trying to engage with STP on its own terms, investigating the philosophical, historical and political influences that gave
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Material balance planning was the major function of Gosplan in the USSR. This method of planning involved the accounting of material supplies in natural units (as opposed to monetary terms) which are used to balance the supply of available inputs with targeted outputs. Material balancing involves
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However, the economic problems of the Eastern bloc continued to increase as reforms failed to pass and specialization efforts failed to incentivize states to improve their products. This resulted in economic growth which paled in comparison to that of the West. In a study assessing the technical
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because STP eschews money's classic role. Additionally, planners had to aggregate many types of goods and inputs into a single material balance because it was impossible to create an individual balance for each of the approximately 24 million items produced and consumed in the USSR. This system
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Poland during the Cold War also saw advancements in healthcare. Before the Second World War, Poland was one of the countries with the poorest health in Europe. In the 1930s life expectancy in Poland was around 46 years and infant mortality was estimated at the level of 150 deaths per 1000 live
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that made effective planning challenging if not impossible. Lastly, these scholars argue that the semantic limitations of language made it impossible for STP planners to communicate their desires to enterprises in sufficient detail for planning to fully direct economic outcomes. Enterprises
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system. Attempts to modify or optimize the former based on pragmatic analysis of economic outcomes were hindered by the latter. Dembinski describes the Soviet approach to Marxist economy as "quasi-religious" with economic publications by Marx and Lenin being treated as a "Scripture".
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After the collapse of the USSR, other scholars have argued that a central deficiency of Soviet economic planning was that it was not premised on final consumer demand and that such a system would be increasingly feasible with advances in information technology.
1612:(CMEA), an international organization meant to promote the coordination of Soviet economic policy amongst the participating countries. The council was founded in 1949 and worked to maintain the Soviet style of economic planning in the Eastern bloc until the
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put in, effectively negating the value of the work done. Because in STP prices are set by the state, STP avoids this pitfall by never pricing an item below its labor value. While these do seem to be valid theoretical advantages to STP (especially under a
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Michael Ellman describes specific features of the Soviet economic planning in economic and mathematical terms, highlighting its primarily computational challenges. The theoretical objective of the Soviet economic planning, as executed by Gosplan, was
2708:
at the same levels of economic development. The gap narrowed down in case of medium and high income countries. In addition, all of the countries in the high income category were ones the study categorized as "capitalist" and none "socialist".
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Under the model of STP, during the 5 Year Plans, the USSR was able to rapidly industrialise and modernise their industry. The growth of GDP per Capita in the USSR in this period exceeded some Western countries. Planning led to high rates of
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also practice economic planning to a certain extent, but they are not subject to all of the advantages and disadvantages enumerated here. Moreover, the soviet economy and its organization endured several major changes, especially during the
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planning output for all factories. As the number of commodities reached hundreds of thousands, a number of aggregations and simplifications were made to facilitate the calculations, which, until late 1960s, were performed manually.
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were due to a number of avoidable problems. He argued that the industrial drive had been enacted under more severe circumstances, several years later and in a less rational manner than proposal originally conceived by the
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in the economy and then using a balance-sheet to balance them with output targets specified by industry to achieve a balance between supply and demand. This balance is used to formulate a plan for the national economy.
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assortment of goods and services. The plan was built and executed in annual cycles: each year, a target output of specific goods were determined and using estimates of available input resources Gosplan would calculate
1604:
which were engaged in the production and delivery of goods and services in the economy. Enterprises comprised production associations and institutes that were linked together by the plans formulated by Gosplan.
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who had acted on the instructions of a foreign power". Trotsky also maintained that the disproportions and imbalances which became characteristic of Stalinist planning in the 1930s such as the underdeveloped
3133:. This effect resulted from an enterprise overproducing in a given plan cycle. They would have to match their new level of higher production in the next cycle as the plan was adjusted to fit the new data.
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priority of highly centralized management over planning. An example of analytical approach to several stages of the Soviet political-economic model can be found in the works of Soviet economist
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The unique features of Soviet-style economy were an ideologically driven attempt to build a total economic plan for the whole society, as well as unquestioned paradigm of superiority of the
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3152:), where too many projects (especially construction) would have been started simultaneously and it took much longer to complete because of a lack of available inputs on time
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From a neoclassical perspective, there are two theoretical advantages to Soviet-type economic planning: the elimination of inflation, and the elimination of unemployment.
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In practice, the USSR suffered from both open and repressed inflation throughout its history, the latter becoming especially pronounced in the second half of the 1980s.
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were presented as "temporary difficulties" by official propaganda, but numerous scholars in the Eastern bloc argued that these are systemic flaws of the Soviet economy.
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In the Eastern bloc countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Albania), economic planning was primarily accomplished through the
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trade and technological advancement as an insurmountable drawback to the planning procedure. STP's use of coercive techniques such as the ratchet effect and
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3368:"The creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance as seen from the Romanian archives: The creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance"
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At first, the USSR's growth in GDP per capita compared favorably with Western Europe. In 1913, prior to the revolution of 1917, the Russian Empire had a
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There is a small amount of information in state archives regarding the founding of CMEA, but documents from the Romania state archive suggest that the
2754:(1921–1928) was a short period of economic pragmatism in the Soviet economics, introduced by Lenin in response to widely observed shortcomings of the
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system following the 1917 revolution. NEP, however, was criticized as reactionary and reversed by Stalin, who returned to total economic planning.
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Those scholars who reject the neoclassical viewpoint consider the benefits of STP that the USSR itself adduced. One is the ability to control for
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There are two fundamental ways scholars have carried out an analysis of Soviet-type economic planning. The first involves adapting standard
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During the 1950s, the economic alliance between members of the Eastern bloc and the state monopoly acted as a safety net in the face of
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saw quick recovery, such that by 1948 industrial output was 153% of what it had been in 1938. This growth continued throughout the
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Ellman, Michael (2007). "The Rise and Fall of Socialist Planning". In Estrin, Saul; Kołodko, Grzegorz W.; Uvalić, Milica (eds.).
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framework), it has been argued by some that STP as implemented by the USSR failed to achieve these theoretical possibilities.
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2630:). A 1929 Soviet propaganda poster based on 1917 paraphrase from Lenin, praising the economic superiority of state socialism.
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rise to STP whilst evaluating its economic successes and failures (theoretical and actual) with reference to those contexts.
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which are argued to be inherent to STP on the one hand ensured the system's survival and on the other hand resulted in the
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features were shared that scholars have broadly examined advantages and disadvantages of Soviet-type economic planning.
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4303:"The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the failed Coordination of Planning in the Socialist Bloc in the 1960s"
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50:
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2596:. He noted that several engineers and economists who had created the plan were themselves later put on trial as "
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From a neoclassical perspective, there were many disadvantages to STP. They can be divided into two categories:
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about similarities and differences of Soviet-style planning in Eastern Bloc countries outside the Soviet Union.
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economic models and theories to analyze the Soviet economic system. This paradigm stresses the importance of
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and became increasingly dependent on undisclosed loans from capitalist countries that were members of the
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4338:"On the inefficiency of European socialist economies: Relative to developed and developing economies"
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Planning Problems in the USSR: The Contribution of Mathematical Economics to their Solution 1960-1971
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4309:, Competition, Cooperation, Circulations (1950s-1970s) (1 ed.), De Gruyter, pp. 187–210,
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The tendency of enterprise-level Soviet managers to understate productive capacity in fear of the
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had resulted in significant damage to the Polish nation. Alongside the millions killed in the
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Wilhelm, John Howard (1985). "The Soviet Union Has an Administered, Not a Planned, Economy".
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4417:"Forced Saving and Repressed Inflation in the Soviet Union, 1986–90: Some Empirical Results"
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Cottrell and Cockshott. 1993. Socialist planning after the collapse of the Soviet Union
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Poletaev (1970). "Industrialization of the USSR 1929-1932 Documents and materials": 342.
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Poletaev (1970). "Industrialization of the USSR 1929-1932 Documents and materials": 342.
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3414:"The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance – An Example of Failed Economic Integration?"
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The microeconomic disadvantages from a neoclassical perspective include the following:
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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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The major institutions of Soviet-type planning in the USSR included a planning agency (
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2019:
1806:
1799:
1794:
868:
774:
559:
504:
424:
404:
321:
234:
174:
152:
27:
Centralized investment and economic input decision-making model under Leninist states
5481:
5241:
5105:
379:
8454:
8442:
8315:
8181:
8166:
8141:
8126:
7961:
7891:
7801:
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7757:
7732:
7692:
7682:
7647:
7642:
7587:
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7522:
7482:
7291:
7276:
7225:
7205:
7073:
7053:
6962:
6616:
6559:
6486:
6456:
6325:
6313:
6270:
6259:
5674:
5669:
5491:
5476:
5331:
5326:
5311:
5138:
5083:
4746:
4741:
4731:
4503:
4432:
4428:
4349:
4131:
4087:
4043:
4000:
3748:
3740:
3729:"Economic Development, Political-Economic System, and the Physical Quality of Life"
3558:
3425:
3379:
3316:
3284:
3270:
3230:
3215:
2739:
2692:
2589:
2553:
2533:
2280:
2215:
2200:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2109:
2094:
1865:
1828:
1493:
1469:
1424:
848:
629:
609:
464:
459:
444:
115:
110:
7517:
7502:
4264:, 1919 – post-1989 (1 ed.), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, pp. 169–185,
4258:"The Transferable Rouble and 'Socialist Integration' – What Kind of Relationship?"
4256:
KALIŃSKI, Janusz; DWILEWICZ, Łukasz (2014), Loth, Wilfried; Pãun, Nicolae (eds.),
4222:, 1919 – post-1989 (1 ed.), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, pp. 134–146,
3776:
8186:
8156:
7976:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7886:
7876:
7871:
7856:
7826:
7752:
7612:
7592:
7567:
7497:
7457:
7346:
7341:
7220:
7185:
7180:
7175:
6850:
6713:
6576:
6439:
6434:
6295:
6275:
5614:
5356:
5316:
5301:
5296:
5067:
4960:
4885:
4301:
Godard, Simon (2018), Christian, Michel; Kott, Sandrine; Matějka, Ondřej (eds.),
3962:
3235:
3210:
3141:
3093:
3046:
2696:
2635:
2611:
2569:
2568:
in general as there are other theoretical models of economic planning and modern
2503:
2404:
2364:
2329:
2225:
2185:
2180:
2147:
1993:
1973:
1963:
1953:
1938:
1918:
1853:
1739:
1664:
1547:
1481:
1449:
1429:
791:
489:
449:
434:
429:
251:
246:
209:
184:
7542:
5406:
3429:
3126:
The neglect of consumer need because of the challenge in measuring good quality.
2735:
549:
8275:
8216:
8176:
8161:
8096:
8086:
8066:
8056:
8046:
8011:
7991:
7931:
7881:
7841:
7816:
7811:
7737:
7667:
7532:
7477:
7326:
7093:
7078:
7009:
6928:
6638:
6290:
6245:
6200:
5446:
5431:
5426:
5386:
5351:
5261:
5251:
4813:
4214:ŁAZOR, Jerzy; MORAWSKI, Wojciech (2014), Loth, Wilfried; Pãun, Nicolae (eds.),
3130:
2684:
2670:
2606:
2389:
2205:
2099:
1943:
1444:
1397:
1346:
584:
569:
519:
484:
399:
389:
364:
219:
8280:
7921:
7597:
5200:
4353:
4314:
4302:
4279:
4257:
4237:
4215:
3562:
3320:
3166:
themselves under STP still made a variety of economic decisions autonomously.
8481:
8305:
8146:
8136:
8106:
8081:
8051:
7986:
7981:
7916:
7911:
7831:
7767:
7747:
7657:
7637:
7617:
7467:
7235:
7170:
7160:
7128:
6979:
6967:
6933:
6843:
6834:
6787:
6429:
5734:
5441:
5361:
5231:
5175:
5051:
4970:
4798:
4361:
4012:
3988:
3570:
3437:
3120:
3082:
3078:
3053:
2755:
2700:
2691:
One 1986 publication compared Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) based on
2653:
2602:
2537:
2439:
2424:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2195:
2175:
2104:
1948:
1870:
1781:
1744:
1734:
1724:
903:
644:
619:
579:
544:
494:
369:
326:
278:
199:
7727:
4135:
4091:
4047:
3714:
Maddison. 2001. The World Economy Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective, p.183
3383:
524:
8246:
8226:
8221:
8211:
8151:
8031:
7901:
7627:
7607:
7602:
7572:
7472:
6994:
6812:
6665:
6601:
6265:
6142:
5908:
5853:
5624:
5466:
5381:
5286:
5212:
4845:
4736:
3989:"Scandal in Riazan: Networks of Trust and the Social Dynamics of Deception"
3113:
3038:
2829:
2731:
2678:
2578:
2314:
2190:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2029:
1983:
1958:
1933:
1928:
1875:
1729:
1576:
1567:
analysis of the system of the Soviet economic planning describes it as the
1555:
1419:
1068:
1008:
801:
779:
604:
514:
419:
263:
7866:
4004:
3762:
3744:
8310:
8300:
8251:
8241:
8236:
8206:
8041:
8016:
7971:
7836:
7777:
7717:
7672:
7487:
7394:
7356:
7281:
7230:
7150:
6902:
6606:
6516:
6444:
6250:
5993:
5888:
5689:
5679:
5599:
5396:
5376:
5341:
5276:
5089:
4975:
3089:
2799:, with industrial output in 1977 being 193% of what it had been in 1971.
2784:
2597:
2544:
2379:
2334:
2297:
2275:
2270:
1883:
1858:
1563:
1412:
1402:
1063:
1043:
863:
853:
769:
624:
534:
509:
474:
409:
268:
5193:
4369:
4337:
3615:
The Revolution Betrayed: What is the Soviet Union and where is it Going?
3578:
3546:
3445:
3413:
1476:
8320:
8256:
7936:
7926:
7846:
6984:
6855:
6725:
6684:
6660:
6535:
6496:
6181:
6171:
5664:
5496:
5456:
5236:
5170:
5077:
4669:
http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/soviet_planning.pdf
3880:
Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders - The Golden Age - The Breakdown
3097:
2720:
2704:
2524:
rely on assumptions not fulfilled in the Soviet system (especially the
1709:
1677:
1323:
1308:
838:
634:
594:
374:
8368:
8363:
8290:
8116:
7906:
7861:
7796:
7652:
7256:
7195:
7083:
6953:
6829:
6755:
6720:
6544:
6471:
6409:
6367:
6255:
6240:
5401:
5154:
5121:
5116:
5001:
4950:
2788:
2557:
2399:
1923:
1888:
1823:
1687:
1682:
1640:
1407:
1392:
539:
341:
301:
8388:
8383:
8285:
7821:
6770:
6765:
6730:
6591:
6501:
6210:
6176:
5619:
5521:
The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
5486:
5017:
5012:
4676:
4216:"Autarkic tendencies in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance"
3096:
at a steep cost, price fixing's devastating effect on agricultural
2796:
1776:
1313:
796:
614:
316:
311:
3716:
https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~aldous/157/Papers/world_economy.pdf
2548:
Leon Trotsky was among the earliest Soviet figures that supported
8201:
8101:
7026:
6506:
6461:
6047:
5988:
5366:
5186:
4122:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1980).
4078:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1950).
4034:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1950).
2132:
1908:
1609:
1597:
1593:
1205:
1150:
499:
346:
35:
8131:
8071:
6792:
5056:
5030:
3278:
3136:
An anti-innovation bias (also from fear of the ratchet effect).
2577:, and it can be seen in the works of Soviet economists such as
2454:
2260:
331:
8461:
8437:
6308:
1488:
6776:
5823:
5023:
4657:
https://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/1986/09/planning.html
3158:
3101:
976:
6335:
3196:
Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union
2647:
allocation of resources in a way that resulted in output of
5873:
5858:
5833:
4778:
3505:
The Logic of the Planned Economy: The Seeds of the Collapse
3205:
1028:
1013:
986:
162:
2884:
accounts for the quantity of consumer goods and services,
3005:
2916:
2806:
2711:
Starting in the 1960s, following the market orientated
6216:
Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes
3459:
Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century
2592:
under Stalin had undermined the implementation of the
4262:
Disintegration and Integration in East-Central Europe
4220:
Disintegration and Integration in East-Central Europe
3993:
Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History
3336:
Transition and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Mario Nuti
2981:
2961:
2941:
2910:
2890:
2870:
2850:
4504:"A Reassessment of the Soviet Industrial Revolution"
3246:
3411:
1647:
4655:Mandel, E. 1986. In Defence of Socialist Planning
4415:Cottarelli, Carlo; Bléjer, Mario I. (1992-01-01).
4166:
4164:
4162:
3932:
3024:
2967:
2947:
2923:
2896:
2876:
2856:
2773:
4445:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
4255:
3595:The Restoration of Capitalism in the Soviet Union
3338:. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22.
3037:The second advantage is the ability to eliminate
8479:
4479:
4477:
4414:
4170:
3148:Scattering of resources, i.e. excessive spread (
4458:
4456:
4159:
2742:" to describe the state of the Soviet economy.
3935:Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man
3483:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 9.
3412:Steiner, André; Petrak-Jones, Kirsten (2013).
3116:activity because of fixed resource allocation.
3088:Macroeconomic disadvantages included systemic
3025:{\displaystyle P\times Q=Y+{\mathit {TP}}-S-T}
6351:
6133:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
4727:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
4692:
4474:
4213:
3521:Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy
2730:Widespread shortage of goods and failures of
2479:
1513:
1281:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
4595:
4453:
4171:Zatonski, Mateusz; Zatonski, Witold (2016).
4128:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S)
4084:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S)
4040:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S)
3692:"Optimizing things in the USSR · Chris Said"
1639:taking a survey of available inputs and raw
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
2864:represents the general retail price level,
6358:
6344:
5531:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
4699:
4685:
3959:
3877:
3547:"Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment"
3478:
2762:to hide them, were blamed on sabotage and
2486:
2472:
1520:
1506:
680:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
6093:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
4395:. London; New York: Routledge. p. 8.
3752:
3638:
3502:
3472:
1236:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
6226:Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule
4936:General Secretary of the Communist Party
4560:
4528:
4390:
4384:
4173:"Health in the Polish People's Republic"
3986:
3905:
3726:
3601:(1st ed.). Wembley: Selecteditions.
3507:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 1–2.
3487:
3481:The Russian Economy: From Lenin to Putin
3365:
2904:is total household income (wages paid),
2621:
2564:Soviet-type planning is not the same as
2543:
6813:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought
6118:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
3611:
3544:
3469:. "Material Balance Planning", (p. 127)
3304:
3119:Low quality of Soviet goods induced by
2508:Soviet grain procurement crisis of 1928
1261:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
14:
8480:
6818:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
6196:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5516:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
5128:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
4300:
3930:
3847:
3665:
3333:
2807:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
1610:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
1342:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
668:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
337:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
8343:International socialist organizations
6339:
5595:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
4680:
4501:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4296:
4294:
3901:
3899:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3843:
3841:
3642:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky
3591:
3517:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
2660:
844:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
765:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
700:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
168:Intensification of the class struggle
6138:Sandinista National Liberation Front
5590:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
4706:
3511:
3361:
3359:
2588:, Trotsky argued that the excessive
1627:
1286:Sandinista National Liberation Front
760:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
29:
8424:
6147:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
6098:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4896:Socialist state of the whole people
4592:Rosefielde, 19. Jeffries 7, 15, 19.
3639:Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015).
3585:
2715:, the Soviet economy suffered from
2500:Five-year plans of the Soviet Union
1241:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
24:
6286:State ideology of the Soviet Union
6088:Communist Party of the Philippines
6078:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4393:A Guide to the Socialist Economies
4326:
4291:
3896:
3866:
3838:
3777:"Russia pays off Paris Club debts"
3390:
3100:and the loss of the advantages of
3002:
2913:
2626:"Catch up and overtake" (Russian:
2526:assumption of economic rationality
1614:Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991
1582:
1440:State ideology of the Soviet Union
673:The History of the Communist Party
25:
8514:
5144:Scientific Outlook on Development
4759:Commanding heights of the economy
3733:American Journal of Public Health
3356:
2844:to the following equation, where
2605:along with the priority focus on
2460:Business and economics portal
1373:Criticism of communist party rule
705:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
143:Commanding heights of the economy
8460:
8448:
8436:
8423:
8412:
8411:
6319:
6307:
6123:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
5541:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
4916:Civilian control of the military
4871:People's democratic dictatorship
4342:Journal of Productivity Analysis
3551:Studies in East European Thought
3277:
3263:
3249:
3072:
2688:figure fell to $ 3,893 by 1998.
2532:The USSR practiced some form of
2453:
1648:Analysis of Soviet-type planning
1487:
1475:
1463:
1266:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
690:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
675:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
89:
34:
8267:
7788:
7444:
7405:
7381:
7089:Dictatorship of the proletariat
4866:Dictatorship of the proletariat
4841:Theory of the productive forces
4661:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4586:
4554:
4522:
4495:
4486:
4465:
4408:
4399:
4249:
4207:
4115:
4071:
4027:
3980:
3953:
3924:
3814:
3790:
3769:
3727:Cereseto, Shirley (June 1986).
3720:
3708:
3684:
3659:
3632:
3605:
3518:Twiss, Thomas M. (8 May 2014).
3461:, 2003, by Gregory and Stuart.
2774:Performance in the Eastern Bloc
1587:
259:Theory of the productive forces
7332:Organizational self-management
5818:People's Republic of Kampuchea
5536:A Critique of Soviet Economics
4891:State of socialist orientation
4433:10.5089/9781451947106.024.A002
3538:
3452:
3327:
3298:
2924:{\displaystyle {\mathit {TP}}}
685:A Critique of Soviet Economics
13:
1:
7312:Free association of producers
7069:Critique of political economy
6365:
4752:Soviet-type economic planning
4722:Administrative-command system
3882:. National Geographic Books.
3645:. Verso Books. p. 1141.
3618:. Mehring Books. p. 28.
3291:
3241:Administrative-command system
2835:
2628:Кто кого? Догнать и перегнать
2355:Commons-based peer production
2075:Socialism of the 21st century
1569:administrative-command system
1533:Soviet-type economic planning
126:Soviet-type economic planning
106:Administrative-command system
8399:Socialist calculation debate
8374:Economic calculation problem
7352:Socialist mode of production
6083:Communist Party of Kampuchea
5705:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
5630:Chinese Communist Revolution
4941:Highest organ of state power
4804:Proletarian internationalism
4508:Comparative Economic Studies
3503:Dembinski, Pawel H. (1991).
3366:Dragomir, Elena (May 2015).
3221:Socialist calculation debate
1231:Communist Party of Kampuchea
874:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
205:Proletarian internationalism
7:
8488:Economy of the Soviet Union
8467:Organized Labour portal
7206:Socialisation of production
6113:Indochinese Communist Party
5750:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
5745:New People's Army rebellion
5526:Britain's Road to Socialism
4851:Wars of national liberation
4307:Planning in Cold War Europe
4124:"Statistical Yearbook 1978"
4080:"Statistical Yearbook 1948"
4036:"Statistical Yearbook 1948"
3960:Kravchenko, Victor (1988).
3878:Kołakowski, Leszek (2008).
3479:Rosefielde, Steven (2007).
3430:10.13109/gege.2013.39.2.240
3418:Geschichte und Gesellschaft
3191:Economy of the Soviet Union
3173:
2975:is direct household taxes:
2617:
2575:1965 Soviet Economic Reform
1539:) is the specific model of
1256:Indochinese Communist Party
274:Wars of national liberation
10:
8519:
7713:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
7538:Victor Prosper Considerant
6231:Marxist schools of thought
6158:Portuguese Communist Party
6103:Communist Party of Vietnam
5096:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
3906:Shmyelov, Nikolay (1987).
3524:. BRILL. pp. 88–113.
2783:The destruction caused by
2664:
2497:
1631:
1383:Marxist schools of thought
1276:Party of Labour of Albania
1246:Communist Party of Vietnam
8407:
8356:
8333:
8265:
7786:
7578:William Batchelder Greene
7513:Francisco Largo Caballero
7442:
7403:
7379:
7370:
7249:
7039:
6911:
6866:
6693:
6529:
6388:
6375:
6303:
6189:
6165:
6108:Communist Party of Malaya
6063:Communist Party of Brazil
6036:
5777:
5760:Internal conflict in Peru
5553:
5504:
5225:
5036:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
4984:
4946:Leading role of the party
4903:
4881:National-democratic state
4876:People's democratic state
4859:
4714:
4354:10.1007/s11123-007-0068-0
3822:"ROMANIA | Club de Paris"
3321:10.1080/09668138508411571
3201:Material balance planning
2955:is household saving, and
2778:
1849:Socialist-oriented market
1634:Material balance planning
7723:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
7216:Socialist market economy
6073:Communist Party of India
6043:Albanian Party of Labour
5166:Bill of Rights socialism
4819:Socialism in one country
4789:Marxist–Leninist atheism
3987:Gorlizki, Yoram (2013).
3931:Heller, Mikhail (1988).
3852:. Elsevier Science Ltd.
3798:"POLAND | Club de Paris"
3666:Ellman, Michael (1973).
3123:them from world markets.
2793:Polish People's Republic
1621:Romanian Communist Party
1226:Communist Party of India
225:Socialism in one country
180:Marxist–Leninist atheism
7434:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
7424:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
7104:Equality of opportunity
7059:Criticism of capitalism
6808:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
6565:Left-wing laissez-faire
6281:State ideology of China
6153:Workers' Party of Korea
6068:Communist Party of Cuba
6058:Chinese Communist Party
5715:Portuguese Colonial War
5511:Foundations of Leninism
5063:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
4774:Dialectical materialism
4619:Jeffries, 8, 13-15, 22.
4336:Weill, Laurent (2008).
4136:10.18356/5dadf2e8-en-fr
4092:10.18356/0ca7e1ac-en-fr
4048:10.18356/0ca7e1ac-en-fr
3563:10.1023/A:1008651325136
3384:10.1111/1468-2281.12083
3043:frictional unemployment
3041:(with the exception of
2536:beginning in 1918 with
1435:State ideology of China
1361:under communist regimes
1359:Crimes against humanity
1319:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1291:Workers' Party of Korea
1221:Communist Party of Cuba
1216:Chinese Communist Party
884:Portuguese Colonial War
710:The Governance of China
663:Foundations of Leninism
210:Protracted people's war
158:Dialectical materialism
8092:José Carlos Mariátegui
8037:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
8022:Martin Luther King Jr.
7703:Luis Emilio Recabarren
7698:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
7633:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
7322:Labor-time calculation
7287:Decentralized planning
7191:Proletarian revolution
7146:State-owned enterprise
7064:Criticism of socialism
6003:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5337:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
5247:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
4574:Cite journal requires
4542:Cite journal requires
4502:Allen, Robert (2005).
4435:(inactive 2024-09-19).
4391:Jeffries, Ian (1989).
4195:Cite journal requires
3848:Kornai, János (1980).
3612:Trotsky, Leon (1991).
3545:Van Ree, Erik (1998).
3181:Eastern Bloc economies
3026:
2969:
2949:
2925:
2898:
2878:
2858:
2768:Novocherkassk massacre
2631:
2561:
1251:French Communist Party
1161:Bosnia and Herzegovina
470:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
385:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
45:is missing information
8430:Socialism WikiProject
8192:Léopold Sédar Senghor
7897:Cornelius Castoriadis
7763:Alfred Russel Wallace
7528:Nikolay Chernyshevsky
7493:Louis Auguste Blanqui
7453:Stephen Pearl Andrews
7282:Cooperative ownership
6803:Maoism–Third Worldism
6246:Post-Marxism–Leninism
6128:Nepal Communist Party
5725:Nicaraguan Revolution
5695:Albanian–Soviet split
5392:Mengistu Haile Mariam
4931:Democratic centralism
4921:Collective leadership
4005:10.1353/kri.2013.0023
3850:Economics of Shortage
3745:10.2105/ajph.76.6.661
3592:Bland, W. B. (1980).
3163:distorted information
3027:
2970:
2950:
2926:
2899:
2879:
2859:
2625:
2547:
1271:Nepal Communist Party
894:Nicaraguan Revolution
530:Mengistu Haile Mariam
148:Democratic centralism
138:Collective leadership
8455:Communism portal
8443:Socialism portal
8394:Socialism by country
8002:Pablo Iglesias Posse
7708:Henri de Saint-Simon
7663:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
7317:Industrial democracy
7124:History of socialism
7119:History of communism
7114:History of anarchism
6326:Communism portal
6314:Socialism portal
5813:Democratic Kampuchea
5720:Black Power movement
5685:Non-Aligned Movement
4824:Socialist patriotism
3067:capital accumulation
2979:
2959:
2939:
2908:
2888:
2868:
2848:
2594:First five-year plan
2385:Newly industrialized
2128:Collective ownership
1989:Vertical archipelago
1541:centralized planning
1494:Socialism portal
1470:Communism portal
889:Black power movement
859:Non-Aligned Movement
230:Socialist patriotism
18:Soviet-type planning
8197:George Bernard Shaw
8112:François Mitterrand
8027:Alexandra Kollontai
8007:Jayaprakash Narayan
7688:Constantin Pecqueur
7508:Philippe Buonarroti
7463:John Goodwyn Barmby
7362:Workplace democracy
7272:Calculation in kind
7262:Anarchist economics
7211:Socialist economics
7109:Equality of outcome
7049:Anarchist economics
6761:Ho Chi Minh Thought
6678:Orthodox Trotskyism
6634:Libertarian Marxism
6629:Left-libertarianism
6236:National Bolshevism
5770:Revolutions of 1989
5755:Sino-Albanian split
5740:Naxalite insurgency
5730:Cultural Revolution
5610:Great Patriotic War
5462:Nur Muhammad Taraki
5008:Ho Chi Minh Thought
4926:Cult of personality
4764:Developed socialism
3939:. Alfred A. Knopf.
3908:"Credits and debts"
3372:Historical Research
3257:Soviet Union portal
3226:Socialist economics
2752:New Economic Policy
2740:economy of shortage
2725:dissolution of USSR
2675:Socialist emulation
2586:Revolution Betrayed
2370:Inclusive Democracy
1482:Politics portal
1388:National Bolshevism
1378:Cult of personality
914:Revolutions of 1989
909:Naxalite insurgency
899:Cultural Revolution
785:Great Patriotic War
640:Wojciech Jaruzelski
600:Nur Muhammad Taraki
307:Ho Chi Minh Thought
8379:Marxist philosophy
8296:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
8122:Gamal Abdel Nasser
8077:Alasdair MacIntyre
7852:Simone de Beauvoir
7623:Ferdinand Lassalle
7390:Tommaso Campanella
7337:Production for use
7297:Economic democracy
7166:Mode of production
7156:Left-wing politics
7135:The Internationale
6823:Xi Jinping Thought
5765:Nepalese Civil War
5710:Great Leap Forward
5472:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
5347:Kaysone Phomvihane
5149:Xi Jinping Thought
4784:Labour aristocracy
4637:Dembinski, 76, 80.
3150:raspylenie sredstv
3022:
2965:
2945:
2921:
2894:
2874:
2854:
2813:economic sanctions
2661:Actual performance
2632:
2598:conscious wreckers
2562:
2308:Material balancing
1790:Buddhist economics
919:Nepalese Civil War
879:Great Leap Forward
807:Chinese Revolution
480:Kaysone Phomvihane
195:People's democracy
133:Collective farming
8493:Economic planning
8475:
8474:
8348:Socialist parties
8329:
8328:
8232:Ram Manohar Lohia
8172:Gaetano Salvemini
7967:Mikhail Gorbachev
7678:Antonie Pannekoek
7307:Equal opportunity
7302:Economic planning
7035:
7034:
6924:African-Caribbean
6912:Regional variants
6644:Council communism
6512:Saint-Simonianism
6333:
6332:
5700:Sino-Soviet split
5660:Tito–Stalin split
5605:Spanish Civil War
5546:Guerrilla Warfare
5505:Theoretical works
5437:Władysław Gomułka
5412:Nicolae Ceaușescu
5372:Nikos Zachariadis
5292:Nikita Khrushchev
5267:Palmiro Togliatti
4966:Transmission belt
4911:Central committee
4769:Dialectical logic
4271:978-3-8487-1330-1
4229:978-3-8487-1330-1
4145:978-92-1-045297-7
4101:978-92-1-045326-4
4057:978-92-1-045326-4
3652:978-1-78168-721-5
3625:978-0-929087-48-1
3531:978-90-04-26953-8
3345:978-0-230-54697-4
3186:Economic planning
3112:Encouragement of
3092:, the pursuit of
2968:{\displaystyle T}
2948:{\displaystyle S}
2933:transfer payments
2897:{\displaystyle Y}
2877:{\displaystyle Q}
2857:{\displaystyle P}
2744:Leszek Kołakowski
2738:coined the term "
2667:Era of Stagnation
2566:economic planning
2550:economic planning
2518:Pareto efficiency
2496:
2495:
2006:By regional model
1800:Sabbath economics
1628:Material balances
1530:
1529:
869:Sino-Soviet split
775:Spanish Civil War
695:Guerrilla Warfare
657:Theoretical works
575:Władysław Gomułka
555:Nicolae Ceaușescu
505:Nikos Zachariadis
425:Nikita Khrushchev
405:Palmiro Togliatti
175:Labor aristocracy
153:Dialectical logic
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8127:Jawaharlal Nehru
7997:Dolores Ibárruri
7962:Einar Gerhardsen
7942:Alexander Dubček
7892:Nikolai Bukharin
7802:Salvador Allende
7790:
7773:Wilhelm Weitling
7758:Suzanne Voilquin
7743:William Thompson
7733:Lysander Spooner
7693:Georgi Plekhanov
7683:Giovanni Pascoli
7648:Errico Malatesta
7643:Helen Macfarlane
7588:Alexander Herzen
7563:Friedrich Engels
7558:Prosper Enfantin
7553:W. E. B. Du Bois
7523:Edward Carpenter
7483:Eduard Bernstein
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7429:Sylvain Maréchal
7407:
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7342:Public ownership
7292:Direct democracy
7277:Common ownership
7241:Workers' council
7226:State capitalism
7141:Internationalism
7074:Critique of work
7054:Anti-revisionism
6736:Marxism–Leninism
6570:Left-wing market
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6487:Social democracy
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6271:State capitalism
5675:De-Stalinization
5670:Cuban Revolution
5492:Gennady Zyuganov
5477:Rohana Wijeweera
5332:Klement Gottwald
5327:Valko Chervenkov
5312:Lazar Kaganovich
5272:Dolores Ibárruri
5139:Three Represents
5084:Intercommunalism
4904:Political system
4747:Central planning
4742:Anti-revisionism
4732:Anti-imperialism
4708:Marxism–Leninism
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3285:Economics portal
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2590:authoritarianism
2556:but opposed the
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2534:central planning
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2216:Municipalization
2201:Financialization
2171:Collectivization
2153:Social ownership
2143:Private property
2137:Common ownership
2095:Common ownership
1909:Closed (autarky)
1866:State capitalism
1844:Socialist market
1829:Market socialist
1665:Economic systems
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1545:Marxist–Leninist
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1425:State capitalism
849:De-Stalinization
630:Gennady Zyuganov
610:Rohana Wijeweera
465:Klement Gottwald
460:Valko Chervenkov
445:Lazar Kaganovich
121:Central planning
116:Anti-revisionism
111:Anti-imperialism
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8157:Pierre Renaudel
7977:Antonio Gramsci
7957:Muammar Gaddafi
7952:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
7947:Albert Einstein
7887:Aristide Briand
7877:Murray Bookchin
7872:Grace Lee Boggs
7857:Walter Benjamin
7827:Chiang Kai-shek
7807:Inejirō Asanuma
7782:
7753:Benjamin Tucker
7613:Peter Kropotkin
7593:Thomas Hodgskin
7568:Charles Fourier
7548:Théodore Dézamy
7498:Philippe Buchez
7458:Mikhail Bakunin
7438:
7414:Gracchus Babeuf
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7347:Social dividend
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7221:Socialist state
7186:Post-capitalism
7181:Planned economy
7176:Nationalization
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6276:State socialism
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5615:Greek Civil War
5549:
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5452:Mathieu Kérékou
5357:Leonid Brezhnev
5322:Bolesław Bierut
5317:Georgi Dimitrov
5302:Josip Broz Tito
5297:Walter Ulbricht
5221:
5068:Gonzalo Thought
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4886:Socialist state
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3966:. Transaction.
3963:I Chose Freedom
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3670:. CUP Archive.
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3094:full employment
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2570:mixed economies
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2504:Scissors Crisis
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2410:Post-industrial
2405:Post-capitalist
2365:Hunter-gatherer
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2186:Demutualization
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1969:Robinson Crusoe
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1903:By coordination
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1740:Neomercantilist
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1583:Characteristics
1550:modeled on the
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450:Georgi Dimitrov
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7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7842:Henri Barbusse
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7817:Clement Attlee
7814:
7812:Hafez al-Assad
7809:
7804:
7799:
7793:
7791:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7738:Fred M. Taylor
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7668:William Morris
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7533:James Connolly
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7478:Edward Bellamy
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7419:Victor d'Hupay
7416:
7410:
7408:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7327:Labour voucher
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7253:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7094:Egalitarianism
7091:
7086:
7081:
7079:Class struggle
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7045:
7043:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7007:
7005:In one country
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6946:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6915:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6733:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6705:
6703:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6639:Left communism
6631:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6557:
6552:
6541:
6539:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6385:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6340:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6316:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6293:
6291:Third-Worldism
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6213:
6208:
6201:Anti-communism
6198:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6166:Related topics
6163:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5839:Czechoslovakia
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5482:Abimael Guzmán
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5447:Thomas Sankara
5444:
5439:
5434:
5432:Erich Honecker
5429:
5427:Maurice Bishop
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5387:Agostinho Neto
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5352:Khalid Bakdash
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5282:Võ Nguyên Giáp
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5262:Maurice Thorez
5259:
5254:
5252:Ehmetjan Qasim
5249:
5244:
5242:Ernst Thälmann
5239:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5080:
5075:
5073:Prachanda Path
5070:
5065:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4821:
4816:
4814:Social fascism
4811:
4809:Self-criticism
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4646:Dembinski, 81.
4639:
4630:
4628:Dembinski, 71.
4621:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:|journal=
4553:
4544:|journal=
4521:
4494:
4492:Dembinski, 69.
4485:
4483:Dembinski, 70.
4473:
4471:Rosefield, 19.
4464:
4452:
4407:
4398:
4383:
4325:
4315:j.ctvbkjvbs.11
4290:
4280:j.ctv941wbr.16
4270:
4248:
4238:j.ctv941wbr.14
4228:
4206:
4197:|journal=
4158:
4144:
4114:
4100:
4070:
4056:
4026:
3999:(2): 243–278.
3979:
3973:978-0887387548
3972:
3952:
3946:978-0394569260
3945:
3923:
3895:
3889:978-0393329438
3888:
3865:
3859:978-0444854261
3858:
3837:
3813:
3789:
3768:
3739:(6): 661–666.
3719:
3707:
3683:
3676:
3658:
3651:
3631:
3624:
3604:
3584:
3537:
3530:
3510:
3486:
3471:
3451:
3424:(2): 240–258.
3389:
3355:
3344:
3326:
3315:(1): 118–130.
3308:Soviet Studies
3296:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3274:
3260:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3134:
3131:ratchet effect
3127:
3124:
3117:
3074:
3071:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2964:
2944:
2918:
2915:
2893:
2873:
2853:
2837:
2834:
2808:
2805:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2685:GDP per capita
2671:Ryazan miracle
2662:
2659:
2654:balance sheets
2619:
2616:
2607:heavy industry
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2420:Resource-based
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Liberalization
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2122:Property types
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2071:Latin America
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1646:
1632:Main article:
1629:
1626:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1445:Third-Worldism
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1398:Post-communism
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1347:Anti-communism
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:Related topics
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
992:Czechoslovakia
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
788:
787:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
670:
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
585:Thomas Sankara
582:
577:
572:
570:Erich Honecker
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
520:Agostinho Neto
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Khalid Bakdash
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
415:Võ Nguyên Giáp
412:
407:
402:
400:Maurice Thorez
397:
392:
390:Ehmetjan Qasim
387:
382:
380:Ernst Thälmann
377:
372:
367:
365:Vladimir Lenin
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
244:
243:
242:
237:
227:
222:
220:Social fascism
217:
215:Self-criticism
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
129:
128:
118:
113:
108:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
86:
85:
79:
78:
66:
65:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8515:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8422:
8420:
8419:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8335:Organizations
8332:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8306:Lula da Silva
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8147:Fred Paterson
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:George Orwell
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8107:Salama Moussa
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8082:Nestor Makhno
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:György Lukács
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8052:Claude Lefort
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7987:Eric Hobsbawm
7985:
7983:
7982:Safdar Hashmi
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7917:Jeremy Corbyn
7915:
7913:
7912:G. D. H. Cole
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7832:Deng Xiaoping
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7785:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7768:Josiah Warren
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7748:Pyotr Tkachev
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7658:Louise Michel
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7638:Pierre Leroux
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7618:Paul Lafargue
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7518:Étienne Cabet
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7503:Georg Büchner
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7468:Enrico Barone
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7402:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Welfare state
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7171:Nanosocialism
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7161:Mixed economy
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7130:
7129:Impossibilism
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:Equal liberty
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7038:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6968:Eurocommunism
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6836:
6835:Neo-Stalinism
6833:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6788:Khrushchevism
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6696:
6695:Authoritarian
6692:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6582:Individualist
6580:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6477:Revolutionary
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6361:
6356:
6354:
6349:
6347:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6327:
6317:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6302:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6220:Mass killings
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6205:Mass killings
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6037:Organizations
6035:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5735:Prague Spring
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5442:Samora Machel
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Deng Xiaoping
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:Mátyás Rákosi
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Joseph Stalin
5230:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5090:New Communism
5088:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Khrushchevism
5050:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Unified power
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Popular front
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4643:
4634:
4625:
4616:
4607:
4601:Jeffries, 15.
4598:
4589:
4581:
4568:
4557:
4549:
4536:
4525:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4478:
4468:
4462:Jeffries, 12.
4459:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4405:Jeffries, 16.
4402:
4394:
4387:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4330:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4295:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4189:
4174:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3927:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3842:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3697:
3696:chris-said.io
3693:
3687:
3679:
3677:9780521202497
3673:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3557:(2): 77–117.
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3467:0-618-26181-8
3464:
3460:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3286:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3261:
3258:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3083:microeconomic
3080:
3079:macroeconomic
3073:Disadvantages
3070:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3054:externalities
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2962:
2942:
2934:
2891:
2871:
2851:
2841:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2756:War Communism
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:literacy rate
2698:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:consumer base
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:In his work,
2582:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:War Communism
2535:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Post-scarcity
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Expeditionary
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:Socialization
2234:
2232:
2231:Privatization
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Mutualization
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Marketization
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Expropriation
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Communization
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Decentralized
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Social credit
1869:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Participatory
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Social market
1748:
1746:
1745:Protectionist
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Laissez-faire
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1635:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:Mass killings
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:Mass killings
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:Organizations
1197:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
928:
927:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:Prague Spring
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
725:
719:
718:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
654:
653:
646:
645:Todor Zhivkov
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
620:Harry Pollitt
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Samora Machel
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Hardial Bains
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
495:Deng Xiaoping
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:Mátyás Rákosi
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
370:Joseph Stalin
368:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
327:Khrushchevism
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
288:
287:
280:
279:Unified power
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:Popular front
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
97:
96:
92:
88:
87:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
62:
52:
46:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
8428:
8416:
8247:Clara Zetkin
8227:Leon Trotsky
8222:Ernst Toller
8212:R. H. Tawney
8152:Karl Polanyi
8032:James Larkin
7902:Noam Chomsky
7628:Pyotr Lavrov
7608:Karl Kautsky
7603:Mother Jones
7583:Charles Hall
7573:Emma Goldman
7543:Claire Démar
7473:August Bebel
7267:Basic income
6775:
6651:Luxemburgism
6602:Neozapatismo
6550:Collectivist
6400:21st century
6266:Second World
6143:Shining Path
5973:Turkmenistan
5909:Soviet Union
5854:East Germany
5654:2002–present
5625:Eastern Bloc
5560:Soviet Union
5467:Alfonso Cano
5417:Gustáv Husák
5407:Sanzō Nosaka
5382:Fidel Castro
5287:Earl Browder
5213:Zachariadism
5199:
5192:
5176:Lovestoneism
5041:Kimjongunism
5022:
4860:Class system
4846:Third Period
4751:
4737:Anti-fascism
4663:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4567:cite journal
4556:
4535:cite journal
4524:
4512:. Retrieved
4507:
4497:
4488:
4467:
4441:cite journal
4424:
4420:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4386:
4348:(2): 79–89.
4345:
4341:
4318:, retrieved
4306:
4283:, retrieved
4261:
4251:
4241:, retrieved
4219:
4209:
4188:cite journal
4176:. Retrieved
4149:. Retrieved
4127:
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4083:
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4039:
4029:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3961:
3955:
3934:
3926:
3915:. Retrieved
3911:
3879:
3849:
3829:. Retrieved
3825:
3816:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:
3792:
3781:. Retrieved
3779:. 2006-08-21
3771:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3710:
3699:. Retrieved
3695:
3686:
3667:
3661:
3641:
3634:
3614:
3607:
3594:
3587:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3480:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3421:
3417:
3375:
3371:
3349:
3335:
3329:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3168:
3155:
3149:
3140:
3114:black-market
3107:
3087:
3076:
3063:
3051:
3039:unemployment
3036:
3033:
2842:
2839:
2830:Molotov Plan
2826:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2801:
2782:
2760:
2749:
2736:János Kornai
2732:supply chain
2729:
2710:
2690:
2682:
2679:Vreditelstvo
2648:
2644:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2583:
2579:Lev Gatovsky
2563:
2531:
2522:
2514:neoclassical
2511:
2325:Peer-to-peer
2320:Self-managed
2255:Coordination
2191:Deregulation
2064:
1876:Distributist
1730:Mercantilist
1637:
1618:
1607:
1591:
1588:Institutions
1577:Lev Gatovsky
1572:
1562:
1560:
1556:Soviet Union
1543:employed by
1536:
1532:
1531:
1420:Second World
1134:Turkmenistan
1069:Soviet Union
1009:East Germany
832:2002–present
802:Eastern Bloc
780:World War II
728:Soviet Union
605:Alfonso Cano
560:Gustáv Husák
550:Sanzō Nosaka
515:Fidel Castro
420:Earl Browder
264:Third Period
125:
56:
44:
8311:Evo Morales
8301:Kim Jong Un
8281:Hugo Chávez
8252:Howard Zinn
8242:Cornel West
8237:H. G. Wells
8207:Sun Yat-sen
8042:Jack Layton
8017:Kim Jong-il
7972:Maxim Gorky
7922:Marcel Déat
7837:Jiang Zemin
7778:Oscar Wilde
7718:George Sand
7673:Robert Owen
7598:Jean Jaurès
7488:Louis Blanc
7395:Thomas More
7357:Technocracy
7231:Trade union
7201:Revisionism
7151:Land reform
7022:Third World
6949:Nationalist
6741:Brezhnevism
6714:Nechayevism
6656:Mao-Spontex
6622:Syndicalist
6612:Communalism
6607:Platformism
6560:Free-market
6531:Libertarian
6517:Technocracy
6467:Nationalist
6445:Syndicalism
6251:Red fascism
5889:North Korea
5784:Afghanistan
5690:Vietnam War
5680:Warsaw Pact
5600:Great Purge
5585:Great Break
5422:János Kádár
5397:Kim Il Sung
5377:Che Guevara
5342:Enver Hoxha
5277:Ho Chi Minh
5218:Brezhnevism
5201:Rankovićism
4976:Vanguardism
4956:Secretariat
4794:Partiinost'
4130:(30): 168.
3159:labor camps
3090:undersupply
2785:World War 2
2430:Traditional
2380:Manorialism
2375:Information
2349:Other types
2335:Open access
2298:Cybernetics
2040:Anglo-Saxon
2025:Singaporean
1984:Underground
1979:Subsistence
1884:Corporatist
1859:Syndicalist
1819:Communalist
1705:Associative
1699:By ideology
1672:Major types
1602:enterprises
1571:due to the
1564:perestroika
1403:Red fascism
1064:South Yemen
1044:North Korea
937:Afghanistan
864:Vietnam War
854:Warsaw Pact
770:Great Purge
755:Great Break
625:Harpal Brar
565:János Kádár
535:Kim Il Sung
510:Che Guevara
475:Enver Hoxha
410:Ho Chi Minh
269:Vanguardism
190:Partiinost'
8482:Categories
8418:Categories
8321:Xi Jinping
8257:J. Posadas
7937:John Dewey
7927:Guy Debord
7847:Jyoti Basu
7728:Eugène Sue
7042:and issues
7040:Key topics
7017:Sri Lankan
6990:Melanesian
6985:Indonesian
6934:Bolivarian
6856:Lassallism
6844:Tkachevism
6726:Bolshevism
6700:from above
6685:Third camp
6661:Trotskyism
6536:from below
6502:Icarianism
6497:Fourierism
6482:Scientific
6415:Democratic
6390:Schools of
6182:Trotskyism
6172:Bolshevism
6018:Montenegro
5999:Yugoslavia
5983:Uzbekistan
5968:Tajikistan
5943:Kyrgyzstan
5938:Kazakhstan
5918:Azerbaijan
5884:Mozambique
5778:By country
5665:Korean War
5497:Xi Jinping
5457:Siad Barre
5237:Mao Zedong
5171:Browderism
5106:Pol Potism
5078:Pantherism
4320:2020-12-04
4285:2020-12-04
4243:2020-12-04
4086:(1): 126.
4042:(1): 126.
3917:2020-11-15
3912:echelon.pl
3831:2020-11-15
3807:2020-11-15
3783:2020-11-15
3701:2020-11-15
3292:References
3139:Storming (
3098:incentives
2836:Advantages
2764:"wrecking"
2721:Paris Club
2717:stagnation
2705:World Bank
2665:See also:
2520:standard.
2498:See also:
2435:Transition
2395:Plantation
2303:Indicative
2165:Transition
2015:East Asian
1786:Religious
1762:Democratic
1735:Neoliberal
1720:Democratic
1710:Capitalist
1678:Capitalism
1324:Trotskyism
1309:Bolshevism
1176:Montenegro
1156:Yugoslavia
1144:Uzbekistan
1129:Tajikistan
1104:Kyrgyzstan
1099:Kazakhstan
1079:Azerbaijan
1039:Mozambique
931:By country
839:Korean War
635:Xi Jinping
595:Siad Barre
525:Lúcio Lara
375:Mao Zedong
59:March 2019
8503:Socialism
8369:Communism
8364:Anarchism
8291:Hu Jintao
8117:Imre Nagy
7907:M. N. Roy
7867:Léon Blum
7862:Tony Benn
7797:Tariq Ali
7653:Karl Marx
7257:Adhocracy
7196:Reformism
7084:Democracy
6954:Chiangist
6944:Communist
6891:communism
6886:anarchism
6881:Christian
6868:Religious
6830:Stalinism
6756:Guevarism
6746:Castroism
6721:Blanquism
6597:Mutualism
6555:Communist
6545:Anarchism
6472:Reformist
6440:Labourism
6410:Communist
6368:Socialism
6256:Red Scare
6241:New class
6053:Comintern
6013:Macedonia
5953:Lithuania
5649:1989–2002
5644:1976–1989
5639:1949–1976
5579:1982–1991
5574:1964–1982
5569:1953–1964
5564:1927–1953
5402:Chin Peng
5257:José Díaz
5208:Dubčekism
5155:Stalinism
5122:Nkrumaism
5117:Sankarism
5002:Guevarism
4997:Castroism
4951:Politburo
4514:19 August
4378:152531661
4362:0895-562X
4178:24 August
4151:20 August
4107:20 August
4063:20 August
4021:154134999
4013:1538-5000
3571:0925-9392
3438:0340-613X
3121:shielding
3017:−
3011:−
2986:×
2789:Holocaust
2558:Stalinist
2400:Plutonomy
2281:Regulated
2110:Voluntary
2036:European
1889:Feudalism
1834:Mutualist
1824:Communist
1814:Socialist
1795:Christian
1715:Corporate
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1683:Socialism
1641:materials
1561:The post-
1408:Red Scare
1393:New class
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1114:Lithuania
961:Cambodia
827:1989–2002
822:1976–1989
817:1949–1976
748:1982–1991
743:1964–1982
738:1953–1964
733:1927–1953
540:Chin Peng
395:José Díaz
342:Stalinism
302:Guevarism
297:Castroism
252:Socialist
51:talk page
8389:Old Left
8384:New Left
8357:See also
8286:Bob Crow
7822:Aung San
7250:Concepts
7027:Yugoslav
6963:European
6876:Buddhist
6783:Kadarism
6771:Husakism
6766:Hoxhaism
6751:Ceaușism
6731:Leninism
6709:Barracks
6671:Posadism
6666:Pabloism
6592:Magonism
6425:Feminist
6405:Agrarian
6211:Cold War
6190:See also
6177:Leninism
6028:Slovenia
5923:Byelarus
5879:Mongolia
5859:Ethiopia
5848:Slovakia
5809:Cambodia
5804:Bulgaria
5620:Cold War
5487:Gus Hall
5194:Đilasism
5181:Marcyism
5160:American
5101:National
5047:Kadarism
5018:Husakism
5013:Hoxhaism
4985:Variants
4834:Yugoslav
4715:Concepts
4370:41770296
3579:20099669
3446:23608502
3174:See also
2797:Cold War
2645:rational
2618:Features
2288:Planning
1939:Informal
1924:Dirigist
1777:Georgist
1772:Feminist
1657:a series
1655:Part of
1573:de facto
1558:(USSR).
1336:See also
1314:Leninism
1186:Slovenia
1084:Byelarus
1034:Mongolia
1014:Ethiopia
1002:Slovakia
957:Bulgaria
797:Cold War
615:Gus Hall
322:Kádárism
317:Husakism
312:Hoxhaism
291:Variants
240:Yugoslav
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8202:Sukarno
8102:Mao Dun
6995:Mexican
6980:Israeli
6939:Chinese
6919:African
6898:Islamic
6798:Dengism
6507:Owenism
6492:Utopian
6462:Marxian
6452:Liberal
6420:Ethical
6392:thought
6382:Outline
6378:History
6048:Comecon
6008:Croatia
5989:Vietnam
5978:Ukraine
5958:Moldova
5933:Georgia
5928:Estonia
5913:Armenia
5904:Somalia
5899:Romania
5869:Hungary
5864:Grenada
5843:Czechia
5789:Albania
5554:History
5367:Pol Pot
5187:Titoism
5134:Dengism
5111:African
3763:3706593
3754:1646771
2649:desired
2330:Sharing
2293:In kind
2241:Marxist
2133:Commons
2100:Private
2089:Sectors
2060:Rhenish
2030:Keralan
2020:Chinese
1994:Virtual
1974:Sharing
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1151:Vietnam
1139:Ukraine
1119:Moldova
1094:Georgia
1089:Estonia
1074:Armenia
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1054:Romania
1024:Hungary
1019:Grenada
997:Czechia
970:1979–92
965:1975–79
942:Albania
722:History
500:Pol Pot
347:Titoism
8132:Ne Win
8072:Lu Xun
7372:People
7000:Soviet
6975:Indian
6903:Jewish
6793:Maoism
6617:Social
6457:Market
6260:Second
6023:Serbia
5963:Russia
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6577:Green
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