34:
42:
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159:, expressed similar sentiments about the state of disorganisation.) However, she herself ran a charity, Cottage Home for Little Children, aimed at providing shelter for "the very young children of the industrious Protestant poor". The reasons for the disorganised and duplicated efforts were not solely sectarian, and can also be attributed to a general unwillingness amongst charities to co-operate with one another.
68:". In the words of their peers, they "took the soup". Although souperism did not occur frequently, the perception of it had a lasting effect on the popular memory of the Famine. It blemished the relief work by Protestants who gave aid without proselytising, and the rumour of souperism may have discouraged starving Catholics from attending
132:
of souperism was very real, and state that the practice did indeed occur. But they point out that there is very little actual evidence that the practice was widespread. Whelan states that, given the highly charged atmosphere of the 1840s, contemporary accounts cannot be taken at face value. Much
84:
who established the Achill
Mission Colony in the 1830s. In the Famine years, he took the decision to provide food for the children in the Colony's scriptural schools which led to a rise in demand for places in those schools. This, in turn, led to charges that Edward Nangle was a 'buyer of souls'.
149:
on Lower Leeson St aided "Protestant women after a first fall" and "those who were to become mothers"; whereas the St Joseph's
Reformatory School for Catholic Girls provided education for Catholic girls and the Catholic Rotunda Girls Aid Society aided unmarried Catholic mothers. Barret, whose
140:
One of the effects of the perceptions surrounding
Souperism was that, to avoid its stigma and avoid becoming embroiled in the war of words between Protestants and Catholics, many charities decided to only serve those whose religious persuasions matched their own. For examples: In
101:, whose soup kitchens were concerned solely with charitable work, were never associated with the practice (which causes them to be held in high regard in Ireland even today, with many Irish remembering the Quakers with the remark "They fed us in the famine.").
123:
of fiction written about the Famine, and folklore and Irish literature are replete with depictions of souperism. This may have served to exaggerate the extent that it actually occurred. Both Bowen and Whelan (listed in
154:
listed many overlapping charities, decried the "wasteful overlapping of work" and begged such charities to work together, to improve the overall amount of aid that could be given. (Williams, publisher of
137:, rather than its reality. The popular myth that the few souperists engendered has largely eclipsed the impartial philanthropic aid that was given by genuinely altruistic organisations at the time.
111:
by their own community, and were strongly denounced from the pulpit by the
Catholic priesthood. On occasion, soupers had to be protected by British soldiers from other Catholics.
60:
set up schools in which starving children were fed, on the condition of receiving
Protestant religious instruction at the same time. Its practitioners were reviled by the
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810:
104:
Souperist practices, reported at the time, included serving meat soups on
Fridays – which Catholics were forbidden by their faith from consuming.
1052:
815:
805:
64:
families who had to choose between
Protestantism and starvation. People who converted for food were known as "soupers", "jumpers" and "
785:
780:
90:
891:
646:
232:
Whelan, Irene (2006). "Religious
Rivalry and the Making of Irish-American Identity". In Joseph Lee and Marion R. Casey (ed.).
739:
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820:
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145:, Mercer's Endowed Boarding School for Girls provided education for "girls of respectable Protestant parents", and the
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Overall, soupers and souperism were rare, but where they did exist, they left a lasting and bitter legacy.
455:
Eileen Reilly (2006). "Modern
Ireland: An Introductory Survey". In Joseph Lee and Marion R. Casey (ed.).
170:
was opposed to informal dances, and a crowd of dancers taunted his informants with shouts of "soupers".
1008:
699:
639:
163:
881:
404:
The
Preacher and the Prelate - The Achill Mission Colony and the Battle for Souls in Famine Ireland
978:
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53:
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97:, decried the practice; many Anglicans set up soup kitchens that did no proselytising; and
86:
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However, souperism was rarely that simple, and not all non-Catholics made being subject to
41:
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Ireland's Children: Quality of Life, Stress, and Child Development in the Famine Era
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By 1913 "souper" had become a general term of abuse used against overly religious
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314:"Narrative Challenges: The Great Irish Famine in Recent Stories for Children"
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57:
516:
907:
69:
830:
709:
26:
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406:. Newbridge, County Kildare, Ireland: Merrion Press. pp. 116–125.
616:
Irene Whelan (1995). "The stigma of souperism". In C. Poirtéir (ed.).
689:
120:
108:
1013:
61:
167:
142:
98:
348:
Black Potatoes: The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845-1850
89:
a condition of food aid. Several Anglicans, including the
260:
Famine Echoes – Folk Memories of the Great Irish Famine
654:
517:
Margaret Helen Preston and Maria (FRW) Luddy (2004).
206:
114:
1068:Protestant evangelisation of Irish Roman Catholics
566:Hart P. "The IRA and its enemies"; OUP 1999 p.296
541:
521:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 72–74, 93.
318:The Presence of the Past in Children's Literature
1044:
599:Literature and the Irish Famine, 1845–1919
590:Souperism: Myth Or Reality: A Study in Souperism
483:Christine Kinealy and Gerard MacAtasney (2000).
133:of what surrounds the story of souperism is its
211:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 72–73.
640:
601:. Oxford University Press. pp. 217–225.
596:
587:
454:
351:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 78–80.
615:
311:
546:. Princeton University Press. p. 274.
431:. McGill–Queen's Press. p. 265.
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633:
450:
448:
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263:. Gill & Macmillan. pp. 136–138.
80:One example of souperism was the Reverend
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202:
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40:
32:
20:
445:
374:
320:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
307:
305:
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892:Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848
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426:
283:
231:
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740:List of memorials to the Great Famine
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512:
510:
401:
381:. Oneworld Publications. p. 65.
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302:
125:
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345:Bartoletti, Susan Campbell (2014).
257:Poirteir, Cathal (September 1995).
119:The idea of Souperism has become a
72:for fear of betraying their faith.
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656:Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845–1852
581:
507:
14:
1084:
735:National Famine Commemoration Day
1027:
1026:
427:Hatton, Helen Elizabeth (1993).
288:. Lexington Books. p. 170.
115:Use of the term after the famine
560:
535:
236:. NYU Press. pp. 278–279.
1053:History of Ireland (1801–1923)
877:Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838
695:Chronology of the Great Famine
675:History of Ireland (1801–1923)
420:
395:
368:
338:
277:
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52:was a phenomenon of the Irish
1:
887:Irish Poor Law Extension Acts
316:. In Ann Lawson Lucas (ed.).
207:Thomas Edward Jordan (1998).
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91:Anglican Archbishop of Dublin
157:Dublin Charities: A Handbook
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173:
37:Ballingeary famine soup-pot
10:
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1063:Religious slurs for people
1009:Irish National Land League
730:Legacy of the Great Famine
700:British Relief Association
429:The Largest Amount of Good
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882:Temporary Relief Act 1847
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725:Encumbered Estates' Court
662:
459:. NYU Press. p. 92.
457:Making the Irish American
234:Making the Irish American
152:Guide to Dublin Charities
45:Ballingeary famine plaque
670:Irish Famine (1740–1741)
620:. Dublin: Mercier Press.
489:. Pluto Press. pp.
402:Byrne, Patricia (2018).
378:Ireland: A Short History
375:Coohill, Joseph (2014).
284:Conley, Carolyn (1999).
107:Soupers were frequently
979:European Potato Failure
816:Marquess of Clanricarde
781:Marquess of Londonderry
720:Young Ireland rebellion
542:Cormac O'Grada (2000).
166:as well. A priest near
1058:Great Famine (Ireland)
974:Highland Potato Famine
969:National Famine Museum
618:The great Irish famine
597:Melissa Fegan (2002).
588:Desmond Bowen (1970).
46:
38:
30:
923:Robert Dudley Edwards
861:William Henry Gregory
856:Matthew James Higgins
826:Christopher St George
811:Marquess of Lansdowne
801:Nassau William Senior
312:Celia Keenan (2003).
180:Protestant Ascendancy
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36:
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16:Phenomenon in Ireland
836:Lionel de Rothschild
544:Black '47 and Beyond
286:Melancholy Accidents
994:Theories of famines
989:Economic liberalism
913:Cecil Woodham-Smith
841:Stephen Spring Rice
806:Viscount Palmerston
25:Famine memorial in
786:Marquess Conyngham
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39:
31:
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953:Christine Kinealy
938:Diarmaid Ferriter
821:Charles Trevelyan
796:Robert Gore-Booth
745:1879 Irish Famine
685:Absentee landlord
486:The Hidden Famine
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851:Paweł Strzelecki
771:Viscount Halifax
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1047:Categories
928:Joel Mokyr
901:Historians
680:Penal Laws
191:References
135:perception
109:ostracised
66:cat breacs
705:Souperism
690:Corn Laws
164:Catholics
121:leitmotif
50:Souperism
1032:Category
1014:Land War
174:See also
62:Catholic
962:Related
663:General
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168:Macroom
99:Quakers
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