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428:
153:
59:
79:
253:
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as an oasis for travellers in 1869. In the center of the city the remains of a stone fortress can be found, the Zawiy
Maalainin, which enclosed a mosque. The Maalainin lived there from 1830 until 1912. It was made a capital and religious center in 1902 by
340:) against French colonialism, which was increasingly pressing into the Sahara at this time. During the campaign against Ma al-'Aynayn, Smara was sacked almost completely in 1913 by the
627:
364:
that led to his death on the return, is documented in his journals. Comprising seven notebooks and more than 200 photographs, the account was published posthumously in 1932 as
344:, and its library destroyed. The town was then handed over to the Spanish. In 1934 the town was once again destroyed after Sahrawi rebellions against the Spanish occupation.
805:
135:
686:
550:
on the first of March to sack the holy city (Smara). He finds her empty of all people." (Le Rumeur (Guy): Le Grand Méhariste, Paris, Berger
Levrault)
470:
514:"POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014"
820:
380:
In 1975, Morocco took control of Saguia
Elhamra as Spain withdrew, according to the Madrid Accords. The Moroccan army took the city from the
810:
635:
103:
352:
Reaching Ma el Ainain's mysterious Smara was the goal of the brothers
Vieuchange, early 20th-century French writers and romantics.
679:
458:
CTM, Supratours and Satas companies have daily travels from Smara to Agadir. Supratours have daily travel from Smara to
Laayoune.
815:
594:
325:. In 1902, shaykh Ma al-'Aynayn moved to Smara and declared it his holy capital. Among other things, he created an important
71:
672:
800:
621:
474:
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176:
825:
538:"After a defeat of the French at Lebeyratt, Colonel Mouret mounts an attack against Smara. Leaving from
695:
517:
764:
744:
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The town is controlled by the
Moroccan authorities, as part of what the government terms its
439:
307:
275:
729:
8:
724:
408:
719:
617:
590:
353:
734:
299:
259:
664:
582:
381:
369:
291:
234:
356:'s painful journey through the rebel-held Sahrawi lands in 1930 disguised as a
315:
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140:
794:
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547:
412:
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393:
341:
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tribeswoman, eventually reaching Smara on 1 November 1930, and the
322:
246:
616:
ad for "Smara: The
Forbidden City" by Jean and Michel Vieuchange (
779:
401:
389:
385:
357:
306:. The location of the city was intended to ensure its becoming a
267:
158:
58:
33:
25:
319:
296:
29:
21:
17:
337:
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library, and the town became a center of religious learning.
326:
290:
The largest city in its province, Smara, was founded in the
543:
333:
553:
396:
named after Smara. It is one of the four camps of the
314:. The enlargement of Smara was carried out by local
694:
32:. For a geographic region in the Middle East, see
589:(preface). (Reprinted ed.). New York: Ecco.
792:
546:) on the ninth of February, he arrives in the
274:, with a population of 57,035 recorded in the
680:
508:
506:
806:Populated places in Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra
585:(editor; introduction, notes, postscript);
687:
673:
576:
559:
347:
503:
581:. Fletcher Allen, Edgar (translation);
332:In 1904 the shaykh declared himself an
793:
245:
668:
518:High Commission for Planning, Morocco
199:69.72 km (26.92 sq mi)
821:Populated places established in 1869
491:
422:
310:trade hub in the sparsely populated
411:, and enclosed by a section of the
238:
13:
811:Populated places in Western Sahara
14:
837:
605:
461:
318:as well as craftsmen sent by the
743:
475:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
426:
398:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
177:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
169:
151:
77:
70:
57:
28:. For the city in Ethiopia, see
16:For the capital of Eritrea, see
392:, there still exists a Sahrawi
816:Provincial capitals in Morocco
696:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region
532:
20:. For the city in Russia, see
1:
628:Satellite view in Google Maps
375:
78:
577:Vieuchange, Michel (1988) .
418:
136:Non-self-governing territory
24:. For the city in Iraq, see
7:
479:
10:
842:
285:
91:Location in Western Sahara
15:
801:Pages with Hassaniyya IPA
752:
741:
712:
702:
579:Smara: The Forbidden City
372:and became a bestseller.
366:Smara: The Forbidden City
336:and called for holy war (
220:820/km (2,100/sq mi)
216:
208:
203:
195:
190:
182:
164:
146:
134:
99:
65:
56:
44:
516:(in Arabic and French).
348:The Vieuchange brothers
282:and Smara bus station.
39:Place in Western Sahara
542:(in the north-west of
486:Battle of Smara (1979)
368:(1932) by his brother
263:
651:26.73944°N 11.67028°W
247:[(ə)s.smaːra]
119:26.73944°N 11.67028°W
612:Entry in Lexicorient
276:2014 Moroccan census
270:-controlled part of
217: • Density
656:26.73944; -11.67028
647: /
302:, in what was then
266:) is a city in the
124:26.73944; -11.67028
115: /
826:Es Semara Province
725:Es-Semara Province
438:. You can help by
409:Southern Provinces
400:administration in
278:. It is served by
209: • Total
196: • Total
159:Kingdom of Morocco
788:
787:
730:Laâyoune Province
720:Boujdour Province
596:978-0-88001-146-4
560:Vieuchange (1988)
492:Notes and sources
456:
455:
354:Michel Vieuchange
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223:
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747:
735:Tarfaya Province
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753:Municipalities
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520:. 8 April 2015
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384:in 1976. Near
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304:Spanish Sahara
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272:Western Sahara
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434:This section
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413:Moroccan Wall
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312:Sahara desert
309:
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300:Ma al-'Aynayn
298:
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280:Smara Airport
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165:Controlled by
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100:Coordinates:
98:
73:
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60:
55:
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31:
27:
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19:
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632:
578:
555:
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524:29 September
522:. Retrieved
467:Brahim Ghali
465:
457:
444:
440:adding to it
435:
406:
394:refugee camp
379:
365:
351:
331:
289:
230:
226:
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654: /
342:French Army
243:Hassaniyya:
122: /
795:Categories
642:11°40′13″W
639:26°44′22″N
376:After 1975
204:Population
147:Claimed by
110:11°40′13″W
107:26°44′22″N
713:Provinces
704:Capital:
471:President
419:Transport
362:dysentery
770:Laâyoune
765:El Marsa
760:Boujdour
706:Laâyoune
540:Teyarett
480:See also
447:May 2022
323:Hassan I
316:Sahrawis
268:Moroccan
780:Tarfaya
570:Sources
548:Zemmour
473:of the
402:Algeria
390:Algeria
386:Tindouf
327:Islamic
308:caravan
286:History
260:Spanish
239:السمارة
183:Founded
49:السمارة
34:Samaria
26:Samarra
620:
593:
469:, 3rd
358:Berber
320:sultan
297:shaykh
264:Esmara
235:Arabic
231:Semara
212:57,035
174:
156:
51:Esmara
30:Semera
22:Samara
18:Asmara
775:Smara
497:Notes
338:jihad
227:Smara
85:Smara
46:Smara
618:ISBN
591:ISBN
544:Atar
526:2017
370:Jean
334:imam
191:Area
186:1869
442:.
797::
505:^
415:.
404:.
388:,
262::
258:;
241:,
237::
233:,
688:e
681:t
674:v
624:)
599:.
528:.
449:)
445:(
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
