6646:
2974:. In their efforts to exterminate the Jews through murder and ethnic cleansing Nazi established in Silesia province the Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen camps. Expulsions were carried out openly and reported in the local press. Those sent to ghettos would from 1942 be expelled to concentration and work camps. Between 5 May and 17 June, 20,000 Silesian Jews were sent to Birkenau to gas chambers and during August 1942, 10,000 to 13,000 Silesian Jews were murdered by gassing at Auschwitz. Most Jews in Silesia were exterminated by the Nazis. After the war Silesia became a major centre for repatriation of the Jewish population in Poland which survived Nazi German extermination and in autumn 1945, 15,000 Jews were in Lower Silesia, mostly Polish Jews returned from territories now belonging to Soviet Union, rising in 1946 to seventy thousand as Jewish survivors from other regions in Poland were relocated.
201:
2079:
6494:
6529:
6583:
6568:
6109:
6422:
6544:
5996:
5949:
5808:
5714:
5385:
5336:
5288:
5189:
4954:
4813:
4484:
4096:
3955:
3861:
3767:
3720:
3084:
277:
6406:
2903:
6207:
6090:
5855:
5761:
5573:
5142:
5001:
4907:
4766:
4672:
4578:
4531:
4237:
4190:
4143:
4049:
3908:
3814:
3673:
3626:
3530:
3483:
3387:
3340:
3290:
3242:
3191:
6436:
6151:
6235:
6478:
4641:
6249:
4500:
176:
6626:
1890:
841:
6305:
5902:
5667:
5479:
5095:
4860:
4719:
4284:
4253:
3783:
3577:
3434:
6462:
6602:
6277:
4206:
6556:
6043:
5620:
5526:
5432:
5048:
4625:
4437:
4389:
4002:
3136:
862:
5824:
6666:
4405:
158:
6035:
5612:
5518:
5424:
5040:
4617:
4429:
4381:
3994:
3128:
6347:
5257:
3499:
4970:
6711:
6361:
194:
6165:
5017:
3830:
6291:
4782:
3258:
6450:
2934:). Upper Silesia was mostly Roman Catholic except for some of its northwestern parts, which were predominantly Lutheran. Generally speaking, the population was mostly Protestant in the western parts, and it tended to be more Roman Catholic the further east one went. In Upper Silesia, Protestants were concentrated in larger cities and often identified as German. After World War II, the religious demographics changed drastically as Germans, who constituted the bulk of the Protestant population,
4735:
3403:
815:
5683:
4065:
6319:
1514:
5871:
5448:
1733:
6059:
5777:
4300:
3877:
3689:
165:
9733:
8934:
4547:
6193:
4923:
4829:
4453:
1429:
6263:
4018:
9750:
336:
6123:
4876:
265:
9166:
6179:
4159:
6509:
6221:
5158:
1095:
5965:
5636:
5542:
5304:
4112:
3642:
6375:
5238:
4333:
5205:
6739:
1265:
6137:
9728:
6333:
5730:
5354:
5229:
5111:
4324:
3736:
6725:
3104:
6012:
5401:
3452:
3309:
183:
6082:
5988:
5941:
5894:
5847:
5800:
5753:
5706:
5659:
5565:
5471:
5377:
5328:
5280:
5181:
5134:
5087:
4993:
4946:
4899:
4852:
4805:
4758:
4711:
4664:
4570:
4523:
4476:
4276:
4229:
4182:
4135:
4088:
4041:
3947:
3900:
3853:
3806:
3759:
3712:
3665:
3618:
3569:
3522:
3475:
3426:
3379:
3332:
3282:
3234:
3183:
3076:
6697:
5918:
5495:
5064:
3924:
3595:
3546:
3356:
3160:
4688:
4594:
3211:
3053:
294:
4358:
3971:
5589:
2946:. From 1712 to 1820 a succession of men held the title Chief Rabbi of Silesia ("Landesrabbiner"): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7);
7740:"Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa – biblioteka cyfrowa regionu śląskiego – Wznowione powszechne taxae-stolae sporządzenie, Dla samowładnego Xięstwa Sląska, Podług ktorego tak Auszpurskiey Konfessyi iak Katoliccy Fararze, Kaznodzieie i Kuratusowie Zachowywać się powinni. Sub Dato z Berlina, d. 8. Augusti 1750"
1647:
as the border between
Germany and Poland, pending a final peace conference with Germany which eventually never took place. At the end of WWII, Germans in Silesia fled from the battle ground, assuming they would be able to return when the war was over. However, they could not return, and those who had
2997:
fell from 33,500 to 5,000, and from 1939 to 1966 the population of Wrocław fell by 25%. Attempts to repopulate
Silesia proved unsuccessful in the 1940s and 1950s, and Silesia's population did not reach pre-war levels until the late 1970s. The Polish settlers who repopulated Silesia were partly from
2941:
Existing since the 12th century, Silesia's Jewish community was concentrated around Wrocław and Upper
Silesia, and numbered 48,003 (1.1% of the population) in 1890, decreasing to 44,985 persons (0.9%) by 1910. In Polish East Upper Silesia, the number of Jews was around 90,000–100,000. Historically,
1661:
that claimed half of the available arable land for state-run collectivized farms. Many of the new Polish
Silesians who resented the Germans for their invasion in 1939 and brutality in occupation now resented the newly formed Polish communist government for their population shifting and interference
1652:
and from
Central Poland, joined the surviving native Polish inhabitants of the region. After 1945 and in 1946, nearly all of the 4.5 million Silesians of German descent fled, or were interned in camps and expelled, including some thousand German Jews who survived the Holocaust and had returned
1458:
when it was proclaimed in 1871. The
Silesian capital Breslau became at that time one of the big cities in Germany. Breslau was a center of Jewish life in Germany and an important place of science (university) and industry (manufacturing of locomotives). German mass tourism started in the Silesian
8042:
Zagłada Żydów na polskich terenach wcielonych do Rzeszy Page 53 Aleksandra Namysło, Instytut Pamięci
Narodowej—Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – 2008 W rzeczywistości ludzie Udona von Woyr- scha podczas marszu przez województwo śląskie na wschód dopuszczali się prawdziwych
8032:
Popularna encyklopedia powszechna – Volume 10 – Page 660 Magdalena Olkuśnik, Elżbieta Wójcik – 2001 Streckenbach Bruno (1902–1977), funkcjonariusz niem. państwa nazistowskiego, Gruppenfuhrer SS. Od 1933 szef policji po- lit w
Hamburgu. 1939 dow. Einsatzgruppe I (odpowiedzialny za eksterminacje
2977:
The majority of
Germans fled or were expelled from the present-day Polish and Czech parts of Silesia during and after World War II. From June 1945 to January 1947, 1.77 million Germans were expelled from Lower Silesia, and 310,000 from Upper Silesia. Today, most German Silesians and their
2075:(published in 1911, during a period of intense immigration from Silesia to the United States), considered Silesian as a geographical (not ethnic) term, denoting the inhabitants of Silesia. It is also mentioned the existence of both Polish Silesian and German Silesian dialects in that region.
2044:
The region also has a thriving agricultural sector, which produces cereals (wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn), potatoes, rapeseed, sugar beets and others. Milk production is well developed. The Opole
Silesia has for decades occupied the top spot in Poland for their indices of effectiveness of
7816:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
6392:
The emblems of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia originate from the emblems of the Piasts of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia. The coat of arms of Upper Silesia depicts the golden eagle on the blue shield. The coat of arms of Lower Silesia depicts a black eagle on a golden (yellow) shield.
7533:
S.Z. Mikulski, "Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif". In: "Mineral Deposit at the Beginning of the 21st Century", A. Piestrzyński et al. (eds). Swets & Zeitinger Publishers
1907:, which lies in the Silesian Upland. The coalfield has an area of about 4,500 km (1,700 sq mi). Deposits in Lower Silesia have proven to be difficult to exploit and the area's unprofitable mines were closed in 2000. In 2008, an estimated 35 billion tonnes of
2155:. Silesia was also the home of Czech and Jewish minorities. The German population tended to be based in the urban centres and in the rural areas to the north and west, whilst the Polish population was mostly rural and could be found in the east and in the south.
2121:. The last Polish census of 2011 showed that the Silesians are the largest ethnic or national minority in Poland, Germans being the second; both groups are located mostly in Upper Silesia. The Czech part of Silesia is inhabited by Czechs,
7226:
Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben
2926:. In an 1890 census taken in the German part, Roman Catholics made up a slight majority of 53%, while the remaining 47% were almost entirely Lutheran. Geographically speaking, Lower Silesia was mostly Lutheran except for the
1886:. During this period, Silesia became one of the world's largest producers of coal, with a record tonnage in 1979. Coal mining declined during the next two decades, but has increased again following the end of Communist rule.
8078:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942 – Page 544 Christopher R. Browning – 2007 Between 5 May and 17 June, 20,000 Silesian Jews were deported to Birkenau to be
7833:
Jeografia wschodniey części Europy czyli opis krajów przez wielorakie narody sławiańskie zamieszkanych obeymujący Prussy, Xięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Królestwo Polskie i
1815:
and neighbouring areas are considered parts of historical Silesia. Those districts, along with Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship and parts of Lubusz Voivodeship, make up the geographic region of Lower Silesia.
842:
6645:
1882:
Silesia is a resource-rich and populous region. Since the middle of the 18th century, coal has been mined. The industry had grown while Silesia was part of Germany, and peaked in the 1970s under the
863:
9230:
1296:, both established by Henry the Bearded, became the basis of municipal form of government for several cities and towns in Poland, and two of five local Polish variants of medieval town rights. The
9498:
8628:
2068:
Silesia has been historically diverse in every aspect. Nowadays, the largest part of Silesia is located in Poland; it is often cited as one of the most diverse regions in that country.
2060:). Silesia is generally well forested. This is because greenness is generally highly desirable by the local population, particularly in the highly industrialized parts of Silesia.
9225:
9001:
7547:
9654:
9534:
1744:
Most of Silesia is relatively flat, although its southern border is generally mountainous. It is primarily located in a swath running along both banks of the upper and middle
1124:
arrived in the region around the 7th century, and by the early ninth century, their settlements had stabilized. Local West Slavs started to erect boundary structures like the
9250:
6405:
1914:
From the fourth century BC, iron ore has been mined in the upland areas of Silesia. The same period had lead, copper, silver, and gold mining. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and
1837:) is understood to cover all of the area around Katowice, including Zagłębie. This interpretation is given official sanction in the use of the name Silesian Voivodeship (
1379:
In the 15th century, several changes were made to Silesia's borders. Parts of the territories that had been transferred to the Silesian Piasts in 1178 were bought by the
9235:
9146:
8688:
6528:
1300:, which contains the earliest known sentence written in the Polish language, as well as a document which contains the oldest printed text in Polish, were created in
6567:
664:
early in the 10th century. In the 10th century, Silesia was incorporated into the early Polish state, and after its fragmentation in the 12th century it formed the
7089:
9508:
9334:
9503:
1482:(1921), however, the easternmost portion of Upper Silesia (including Katowice), with a majority ethnic Polish population, was awarded to Poland, becoming the
570:. Its area is approximately 40,000 km (15,400 sq mi), and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions,
7880:
8714:
653:
9272:
7062:
9779:
1617:
1553:
200:
8683:
6493:
1053:, but less to Lower Silesia, which is different from Upper Silesia in many respects as its population was predominantly German-speaking until 1945–48.
9668:
9453:
6477:
1649:
613:. It is also rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. The largest city and Lower Silesia's capital is
1315:, causing widespread panic and mass flight. They looted much of the region and defeated the combined Polish, Moravian and German forces led by Duke
7467:
719:, when the Poles and Czechs regained their independence, the easternmost part of Upper Silesia became again part of Poland by the decision of the
9661:
6762:
783:
8119:
Kochavi, AJ (2001)Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948, University of North Carolina Press P 176
6421:
9413:
6582:
1335:, the Mongols chose not to press forward further into Europe, but returned east to participate in the election of a new Grand Khan (leader).
7199:
Zbigniew Babik, "Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny", Uniwersitas, Kraków, 2001.
6555:
1356:
which was part of the Holy Roman Empire; however, a number of duchies remained under the rule of the Polish dukes from the houses of Piast,
9374:
7973:
Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918,
1597:
9151:
7220:
6435:
1544:", namely Jews and ethnic Poles. The Polish and Jewish population of the then Polish part of Silesia was subjected to genocide involving
8205:
1951:
1208:
9392:
8480:
6427:
1665:
The administrative division of Silesia within Poland has changed several times since 1945. Since 1999, it has been divided between
6543:
6461:
1188:
786:
of 1945–48, today's inhabitants of Silesia speak the national languages of their respective countries. Previously German-speaking
7728:. United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910). Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 105, 128.
6652:
1573:
1301:
9789:
1577:
7962:
Demshuk, A (2012) The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970, Cambridge University Press P40
9794:
9539:
8388:
8355:
8322:
8289:
8230:
7938:
7451:
6441:
2938:. Poles, who were mostly Roman Catholic, were resettled in their place. Today, Silesia remains predominantly Roman Catholic.
2126:
1196:
8110:
A narrow bridge to life: Jewish forced labor and survival in the Gross-Rosen camp system, 1940–1945, page 229 Belah Guṭerman
6601:
2962:, the Jewish population of Silesia was subjected to Nazi genocide with executions performed by Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. led by
2078:
7551:
2983:
1537:
1483:
349:
7706:
1352:
duchies. Polish monarchs had not renounced their hereditary rights to Silesia until 1335. The province became part of the
9080:
2151:
Before the Second World War, Silesia was inhabited mostly by Germans, with Poles a large minority, forming a majority in
1812:
1581:
8428:
1819:
Silesia has undergone a similar notional extension at its eastern extreme. Historically, it extended only as far as the
1478:
to decide the issue in 1921. It resulted in 60% of votes being cast for Germany and 40% for Poland. Following the third
1235:
were transferred to the Silesian Piasts, although their population was primarily Vistulan and not of Silesian descent.
9209:
8991:
6797:
6665:
1545:
7143:
8263:
7418:
7398:
7378:
7354:
7336:
7020:
6928:
6874:
6573:
1883:
1184:
6625:
1918:
have also been mined in the region. Lower Silesia features large copper mining and processing between the cities of
1893:
9245:
9138:
9028:
8065:
Steinbacher, S. "In the Shadow of Auschwitz, The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004)
8052:
Steinbacher, S. "In the Shadow of Auschwitz, The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004)
6787:
6449:
6108:
2906:
Confessions in the German Empire (Protestant/Catholic; c. 1890). Lower Silesia was mostly Protestant, while Glatz (
1269:
7895:
6206:
2935:
1654:
1410:
1312:
7349:
Kamila Uzarczyk: Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2002, pp. 285, 286, 289.
7058:
2982:
working as miners, like their ancestors in Silesia. One of its most notable but controversial spokesmen was the
822:) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)
9544:
7617:
6234:
1593:
1447:
640:
Silesia's borders and national affiliation have changed over time, both when it was a hereditary possession of
1414:
8542:
7309:
6757:
5343:
Historically part of Lusatia, Zgorzelec was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1319–1329 and 1815–1945
2959:
157:
7639:
7535:
6150:
175:
9784:
9518:
9075:
8473:
7595:
7573:
3018:
The following table includes the cities and towns in Silesia with a population greater than 20,000 (2022).
1721:
1717:
1633:
1038:, which means dampness, moisture, or humidity. They disagree with the hypothesis of an origin for the name
538:
7723:
2048:
Mountainous parts of southern Silesia feature many significant and attractive tourism destinations (e.g.,
9799:
8678:
8575:
6767:
1713:
1432:
1353:
991:
791:
764:
677:
583:
193:
49:
1824:
1391:
in 1494). The Bytom area remained in the possession of the Silesian Piasts, though it was a part of the
688:
in 1526; however, a number of duchies remained under the rule of Polish dukes from the houses of Piast,
9701:
9102:
8673:
7661:
7117:
3087:
1670:
1406:
1245:, probably settling in Wrocław since the 12th century, with further Walloon immigrants invited by Duke
622:
610:
182:
45:
8724:
8373:
8340:
8307:
8274:
8215:
8143:
Immigration policy in the Federal Republic of Germany: negotiating membership and remaking the nation,
7997:
van Straten, J (2011) The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled, Walter de Gruyter P58
6632:
1849:
in Polish (when used without qualification) now commonly refers exclusively to this area (also called
1772:
run along most of the southern edge of the region, though at its south-eastern extreme it reaches the
1576:. Silesia also housed one of the two main wartime centers where medical experiments were conducted on
1413:
and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, became an integral part of Brandenburg. From 1645 until 1666, the
9695:
9329:
9240:
8750:
8623:
6508:
6500:
6484:
6412:
6248:
4026:
1904:
1777:
1491:
1487:
1422:
728:
649:
335:
8704:
8090:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942,
6304:
668:, a provincial duchy of Poland. As a result of further fragmentation, Silesia was divided into many
6276:
5995:
5948:
5807:
5713:
5384:
5335:
5287:
5188:
4953:
4812:
4483:
4095:
3954:
3860:
3766:
3719:
3139:
3083:
2122:
1863:
1682:
1549:
1475:
856:
31:
6164:
5503:
4649:
2902:
1103:
276:
9689:
9632:
9339:
8466:
7154:
6397:
6318:
5246:
Historically part of Lusatia, Hoyerswerda was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1825–1945
1443:
882:
803:
281:
131:
17:
7739:
9023:
7208:
Rudolf Fischer. Onomastica slavogermanica. Uniwersytet Wrocławski. 2007. t. XXVI. 2007. str. 83
7112:
1862:
region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) and Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia consists of a part of the
1601:
1467:
1384:
995:
916:
903:
756:
164:
8643:
8613:
7443:
7436:
6290:
6089:
5854:
5760:
5572:
5141:
5000:
4906:
4765:
4671:
4577:
4530:
4508:
4236:
4189:
4142:
4048:
3907:
3813:
3672:
3625:
3529:
3482:
3386:
3339:
3289:
3241:
3190:
2942:
the community had suffered a number of localised expulsions such as their 1453 expulsion from
9315:
8101:
The International Jewish Labor Bund After 1945: Toward a Global History David Slucki, page 63
8007:
7814:
6744:
6716:
6534:
6360:
6324:
4261:
3791:
1658:
1518:
1372:, and in 1490, it returned to Bohemia. In 1526 Silesia passed with the Bohemian Crown to the
579:
517:
9084:
2890:
had a mixed German, Polish and Czech population, with Polish-speakers forming a majority in
1289:
9117:
8740:
8709:
8595:
6777:
4978:
4214:
3194:
1781:
1678:
1357:
1204:
1050:
772:
709:
689:
527:
8247:
7084:
4640:
2993:
The expulsion of Germans led to widespread underpopulation. The population of the town of
2978:
descendants live in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, many of them in the
1942:) were mined in the region, which is reflected in the names of the former mining towns of
1396:
1392:
1293:
264:
8:
9199:
9135:
8996:
8638:
8532:
8514:
7913:
7863:
6792:
6346:
2160:
2133:
1804:
1486:. The Prussian Province of Silesia within Germany was then divided into the provinces of
1451:
1049:
In Polish common usage, "Śląsk" refers to traditionally Polish Upper Silesia and today's
9070:
8558:
4499:
1889:
1867:
1297:
1076:
977:
609:
extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks and
224:
9385:
9107:
8974:
8663:
8653:
8536:
8528:
8519:
8503:
8374:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8341:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8308:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8275:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8216:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8199:
7461:
5832:
4413:
3437:
3006:
in 1939. Wrocław was partly repopulated with refugees from the formerly Polish city of
2971:
2967:
1897:
1666:
1640:
1564:. Two thousand Polish intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen were murdered in the
1529:
1436:
1380:
1369:
1316:
1212:
1125:
1062:
937:
724:
705:
669:
8890:
7798:
National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922,
7224:(in German). Vol. 33 (2nd ed.). Berlin, Germany; New York City: de Gruyter.
6656:
4167:
2417:
regency) during the 19th century and the early 20th century can be found in Table 2.:
1540:, particularly in Upper Silesia, was the extermination of those whom Nazis viewed as "
1220:
9603:
9598:
9112:
9006:
8658:
8569:
8564:
8552:
8547:
8410:
8384:
8351:
8318:
8285:
8259:
8226:
8130:
Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948,
7934:
7881:"Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882"
7490:
7447:
7414:
7394:
7374:
7350:
7333:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
7172:
6608:
6192:
6122:
5901:
5666:
5478:
5094:
4859:
4718:
4283:
4252:
3782:
3580:
3576:
3433:
2082:
Polish names of Silesian cities, from a 1750 Prussian official document published in
1769:
1674:
1567:
1479:
1471:
1373:
1368:, some until the 17th–18th centuries. In 1469, sovereignty over the region passed to
1361:
1320:
1258:
1246:
890:
795:
752:
693:
685:
681:
606:
591:
555:
215:
142:
89:
8618:
7512:
6262:
6178:
4205:
2931:
1502:, was mostly awarded to the new Czechoslovakia (becoming known as Czech Silesia and
1068:
9774:
9753:
9637:
9549:
9354:
9254:
9045:
9018:
8984:
8745:
8443:
6946:
6940:
6896:
6818:
6468:
6240:
6220:
6042:
5619:
5525:
5431:
5265:
5047:
4624:
4436:
4388:
4001:
3507:
3135:
2887:
2423:
Table 2. Numbers of Polish, German and other inhabitants (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)
2136:
was between 2/3 and 3/4 German-speaking, between 1/5 and 1/3 Polish-speaking, with
2115:
1773:
1644:
1495:
1216:
1200:
1195:
diocese in the region, and one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, subjugated to the
1172:
1157:
1110:
981:
965:
924:
911:
732:
665:
661:
587:
313:
303:
8799:
7762:
6374:
6170:
6136:
5823:
3266:
1648:
stayed were expelled and a new Polish population, including people displaced from
9608:
9583:
9578:
9513:
9344:
9050:
8979:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8668:
8432:
7408:
7388:
7368:
7177:
6890:
6772:
4404:
2963:
2947:
2923:
2891:
1702:
1281:
1168:
1133:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
999:
929:
848:
835:
827:
799:
657:
269:
117:
75:
8862:
7683:
6212:
5256:
3838:
3498:
3411:
2927:
1911:
reserves were found near Legnica, making them some of the largest in the world.
1765:
751:, most of the German-held Silesia was transferred to Polish jurisdiction by the
244:
9706:
9573:
9204:
8827:
8804:
8648:
8633:
8453:
6730:
6332:
6034:
5611:
5517:
5423:
5039:
4969:
4616:
4428:
4380:
4347:, Görlitz was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1319–1329 and 1815–1945
3993:
3127:
2107:
1871:
1761:
1686:
1388:
1324:
1161:
1153:
957:
877:
869:
736:
720:
392:
103:
8438:
5691:
5016:
4790:
3829:
826:
The names of Silesia in different languages most likely share their etymology—
9768:
9593:
9362:
9013:
8524:
8414:
8194:
7321:
Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939–1948, Warsaw 2006, p.25
7122:
6702:
6515:
4781:
3297:
3257:
3199:
3144:
3092:
2987:
2410:
2152:
2099:
2087:
1828:
1737:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1499:
1463:
1455:
1418:
1349:
1339:
1308:
1250:
1224:
1180:
1129:
980:) in mid-southern Silesia, which served as a place of cult for pagans before
787:
701:
673:
645:
575:
571:
563:
433:
424:
364:
351:
8857:
7276:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 21–22
7262:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 37–38
7253:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 34–35
5879:
4734:
3402:
1947:
1752:
River. The region also includes many tributaries of the Oder, including the
814:
9460:
8915:
8867:
8209:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–92.
7158:
6676:
5682:
4743:
4696:
4064:
3979:
3003:
1629:
1589:
1533:
1513:
776:
760:
748:
744:
740:
8933:
8180:Łęknica and Bad Muskau were considered part of Silesia in years 1815–1945.
6296:
6067:
5870:
5447:
3885:
3697:
1943:
1732:
1285:
743:, as a result of German occupation the entire region was under control of
219:
9094:
9040:
9035:
8719:
8448:
8252:
Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
7918:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer. p. 27.
6752:
6672:
6058:
5776:
5213:
4299:
4073:
3876:
3688:
2994:
2915:
2118:
1923:
1858:
As well as the Katowice area, historical Upper Silesia also includes the
1585:
1541:
1528:
Polish Silesia was among the first regions invaded during Germany's 1939
1273:
1254:
716:
656:. The first known states to hold power in Silesia were probably those of
9732:
8842:
7931:
Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien
7820:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. pp. 33–34.
7711:. Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. p. 128.
7300:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 81
7218:
Jankuhn, Herbert; Beck, Heinrich; et al., eds. (2006). "Wandalen".
6612:
4931:
4922:
4875:
4837:
4828:
4555:
4546:
4461:
4452:
1428:
1228:
1141:
9419:
9406:
8872:
6680:
5456:
4017:
1745:
1681:. Czech Silesia is now part of the Czech Republic, forming part of the
1623:
1559:
1503:
1117:
973:
9439:
9165:
6636:
6380:
6282:
6114:
6020:
4602:
4308:
4158:
3650:
3061:
2943:
2907:
1808:
1522:
1080:
634:
614:
595:
420:
410:
9713:
9474:
9399:
8910:
7366:
7286:
Zientara, Benedykt (1975). "Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku".
6366:
5973:
5785:
5644:
5550:
5312:
5204:
5157:
2979:
2919:
2145:
2103:
1931:
1332:
1176:
1149:
1094:
641:
508:
480:
9499:
Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
9467:
5964:
5635:
5541:
5409:
5303:
5025:
4884:
4111:
3641:
1620:
camps, including a network of forced labour camps solely for Poles (
1284:
in Poland took place in the region, with the granting of rights for
1264:
9431:
8905:
8900:
8852:
8255:
7849:
Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806
7722:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
7705:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
6142:
5400:
3168:
1344:
1238:
1232:
1192:
1121:
1088:
898:
626:
239:
9727:
5729:
5494:
5353:
5166:
5110:
3735:
2057:
1084:
9321:
8895:
8882:
8837:
8757:
8458:
6310:
6156:
6128:
6011:
5738:
5362:
5228:
5119:
4344:
4323:
3744:
3451:
3308:
3219:
3148:
3112:
3103:
2053:
2049:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1820:
1796:
1749:
1507:
1328:
1145:
1116:
tribes were first recorded within Silesia in the 1st century BC.
1043:
768:
700:
fiefdoms, some until the 17th–18th centuries. As a result of the
697:
630:
567:
475:
397:
38:
8832:
8449:
Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946
5917:
5063:
4120:
3923:
3594:
3545:
3355:
3159:
2148:
and Jews forming other smaller minorities (see Table 1. below).
1792:
1753:
1241:
came to Silesia as one of the first foreign immigrant groups in
1148:. East of this line dwelt a closely related Lechitic tribe, the
9446:
9425:
7548:"Wise International | World Information Service on Energy"
7238:
7148:
6782:
6226:
6184:
6081:
5987:
5940:
5893:
5846:
5799:
5752:
5705:
5658:
5564:
5470:
5376:
5327:
5279:
5237:
5180:
5133:
5086:
4992:
4945:
4898:
4851:
4804:
4757:
4710:
4687:
4663:
4593:
4569:
4522:
4475:
4337:
4332:
4275:
4228:
4181:
4134:
4087:
4040:
3946:
3899:
3852:
3805:
3758:
3711:
3664:
3617:
3568:
3521:
3474:
3460:
3425:
3378:
3331:
3317:
3281:
3233:
3210:
3182:
3075:
3052:
2141:
2111:
2083:
1706:
1242:
594:(minority in Upper Silesia). The largest city of the region is
559:
534:
513:
387:
235:
9481:
8809:
8198:
8059:
7410:
The Oder-Neisse Line: a reappraisal under internaromtional law
7217:
7012:
6988:
6964:
6961:
6911:
6857:
6836:
6833:
3970:
1957:
The region is known for stone quarrying to produce limestone,
1803:). However, because part of Upper Lusatia was included in the
1288:
by Henry the Bearded. Medieval municipal rights modeled after
293:
9368:
8847:
7868:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer.
6616:
6522:
Flags with their colors refer to the coat of arms of Silesia.
6352:
6338:
6268:
6254:
6198:
5926:
5597:
5588:
5072:
4366:
3932:
3603:
3554:
3364:
2999:
2414:
2137:
1927:
1859:
1788:
1757:
1498:, the small portion of Silesia retained by Austria after the
1137:
1113:
1072:
945:
618:
429:
249:
229:
8315:
Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)
7851:(in Polish). Wrocław: edited by W. Długoborski. p. 150.
4357:
8819:
8791:
8381:
Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)
8067:
Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,
8054:
Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,
7764:
Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien
6994:
6979:
6970:
6967:
6952:
6920:
6917:
6902:
6866:
6863:
6848:
6839:
6824:
6561:
Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), and Czech Silesia
3007:
1958:
1795:
Rivers, while the territory west of the Kwisa was in Upper
1435:
between 1635 and 1742, before most of Silesia was ceded to
1365:
775:, which had belonged to Silesia since 1815, became part of
676:. In the 14th century, it became a constituent part of the
602:
323:
44:"Schlesien" and "Śląsk" redirect here. For other uses, see
7915:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
7865:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
6991:
6860:
8404:
7003:
1843:) for the province covering this area. In fact, the word
1199:. Poland repulsed German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at
8046:
7721:
7704:
7090:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1211:, Silesia and the rest of the country were divided into
9509:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
8214:
Czapliński, Marek; Wiszewski, Przemysław, eds. (2014).
7836:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wilhelm Bogumił Korn. p. 60.
2958:
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, following
9504:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
8122:
7442:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
7370:
The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics
2970:, imprisonment in ghettos and ethnic cleansing to the
2950:(1807–16); and Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).
2914:
Historically, Silesia was about equally split between
1046:
tribe, an etymology preferred by some German authors.
806:
is nearing extinction due to its speakers' expulsion.
578:
in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including
8282:
The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)
7021:
7000:
6976:
6949:
6929:
6914:
6899:
6875:
6845:
6821:
1787:
Historically, Silesia was bounded to the west by the
1466:, was contested by Germany and the newly independent
1067:
In the fourth century BC from the south, through the
7386:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7009:
6985:
6958:
6908:
6854:
6830:
6692:
1903:
The 41 coal mines in Silesia are mostly part of the
123:
8223:
Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)
8213:
7513:"Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie"
7485:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7006:
6982:
6955:
6905:
6851:
6827:
1249:in the early 13th century. Since the 13th century,
972:. The names all relate to the name of a river (now
790:had developed a new mixed Polish dialect and novel
7435:
7433:
1454:in 1815; consequently, Silesia became part of the
7406:
7265:
2071:The United States Immigration Commission, in its
1650:former Eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
1632:of prisons, POW camps and of the Gross-Rosen and
1152:. Their northern border was in the valley of the
759:and became again part of Poland, although with a
9766:
7878:
7640:"Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country"
7474:
2132:In the early 19th century the population of the
1556:camps, while Germans were settled in pursuit of
1510:and territory to the east of it went to Poland.
1183:incorporated Silesia into the newly established
704:, the region was annexed by the German state of
8405:Zahradnik, Stanisław; Marek Ryczkowski (1992).
8383:. Vol. 5. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8350:. Vol. 1. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8348:The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)
8317:. Vol. 3. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8284:. Vol. 2. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8225:. Vol. 4. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
7808:
7806:
7769:The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia
7241:Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik
2953:
1831:region. However, to many Poles today, Silesia (
1616:camps), numerous Nazi prisons and thousands of
7574:"Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country"
7367:Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood (2013).
7290:(in Polish). No. 66/3. pp. 353, 357.
1689:. Germany retains the Silesia-Lusatia region (
81:
8474:
7781:
7662:"Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country"
1748:River, but it extends eastwards to the upper
8141:DB Klusmeyer & DG Papademetriou (2009).
7986:Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers,
7812:
7803:
7596:"Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country"
7466:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6442:The coat of arms of the Opolskie Voivodeship
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1696:
1690:
1621:
1565:
1557:
1459:mountain region (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe).
1442:In 1742, most of Silesia was seized by King
1400:
1383:in the second half of the 15th century (the
1276:in orange, Upper Silesia in green and yellow
1020:is directly related to the Old Polish words
794:. There is ongoing debate about whether the
109:
67:
7905:
7879:Kalisch, Johannes; Bochinski, Hans (1958).
7855:
7771:] (in German). Stuttgart: J. Engelhorn.
7618:"Silver: World Mine Production, By Country"
7221:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
6763:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
2114:. Germans first came to Silesia during the
1136:settlement was situated to the west of the
617:; the historic capital of Upper Silesia is
95:
9780:Historical geography of the Czech Republic
8481:
8467:
8409:. Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec: PAI-press.
8338:
8306:Harc, Lucyna; Kulak, Teresa, eds. (2015).
8273:Harc, Lucyna; Wąs, Gabriela, eds. (2014).
8246:
8132:University of North Carolina Press, p.176.
7911:
7861:
7846:
7434:Lukowski, Zawadski, Jerzy, Hubert (2006).
7330:
7083:
6387:
1409:in 1476 and with the renunciation of King
733:remaining former Austrian parts of Silesia
558:of Central Europe that lies mostly within
8371:
8305:
7393:. Harvard University Press. p. 303.
2910:) and Upper Silesia were mostly Catholic.
8193:
7988:Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.147.
7760:
7491:"Natural Resources | poland.gov.pl"
7413:. East European Monographs. p. 33.
7285:
7239:Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski (2003).
6428:Coat of arms of the Silesian Voivodeship
2901:
2077:
1966:Annual production of minerals in Silesia
1888:
1731:
1705:, which is part of the federal state of
1662:in agricultural and industrial affairs.
1512:
1427:
1263:
1175:. In the 10th century, the Polish ruler
1093:
813:
8272:
7775:
7373:. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
6593:
6574:Flag of Prussian Lower Silesia province
6535:Flag of Prussian Upper Silesia province
2159:Table 1. Ethno-linguistic structure of
1255:immigration from German-speaking states
1167:The first known states in Silesia were
672:, ruled by various lines of the Polish
621:. The biggest metropolitan area is the
449:40,400 km (15,600 sq mi)
328:Base map shows modern national borders.
14:
9767:
8169:Dark Continent: Europe's 20th Century,
8033:ludności pol. i żydowskiej na Śląsku).
7953:Meyers Konversationslexikon 5. Auflage
7830:
1462:After World War I, a part of Silesia,
1304:and Wrocław in Silesia, respectively.
923:
910:
897:
9293:
9181:
8949:
8593:
8501:
8462:
7888:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
7065:from the original on 27 February 2023
1659:Ministry of the Recovered Territories
1338:Between 1289 and 1292, Bohemian king
1197:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
994:topographic names in the region (see
876:
855:
834:
8092:University of Nebraska Press, p.544.
1934:. In the Middle Ages, gold (Polish:
1877:
1251:German cultural and ethnic influence
1075:entered Silesia, and settled around
9081:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
8372:Wiszewski, Przemysław, ed. (2015).
8339:Przemysław, Wiszewski, ed. (2013).
7928:
7800:University of Nebraska Press, p.17.
7243:(in German). C.H.Beck. p. 183.
3013:
1813:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
1450:, eventually becoming the Prussian
27:Historical region of Central Europe
24:
9231:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
9210:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
8488:
8158:Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, p.69.
7786:(in German). Callwey. p. 138.
7715:
7211:
6798:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
6057:
6010:
5963:
5916:
5869:
5822:
5775:
5728:
5681:
5634:
5587:
5540:
5493:
5446:
5399:
5352:
5302:
5255:
5203:
5156:
5109:
5062:
5015:
4968:
4921:
4874:
4827:
4780:
4733:
4686:
4639:
4592:
4545:
4498:
4451:
4403:
4356:
4298:
4251:
4204:
4157:
4110:
4063:
4016:
3969:
3922:
3875:
3828:
3781:
3734:
3687:
3640:
3593:
3544:
3497:
3450:
3401:
3354:
3307:
3256:
3209:
3158:
3102:
3051:
798:should be considered a dialect of
660:at the end of the 9th century and
25:
9811:
9540:Moravian–Silesian Football League
8444:Old postcards from Silesian towns
8422:
7684:"Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego"
6588:Flag of Lower Silesia Voivodeship
3070:293 km (113 sq mi)
1574:Poland-wide Germanization program
1548:, mass murder and deportation to
990:is listed as one of the numerous
9749:
9748:
9731:
9726:
9164:
8932:
8088:Christopher R. Browning (2007).
7984:Christopher R. Browning (2000).
7620:. Indexmundi.com. 13 August 2004
6945:
6895:
6817:
6788:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
6737:
6723:
6709:
6695:
6664:
6644:
6624:
6600:
6581:
6566:
6554:
6542:
6527:
6507:
6492:
6476:
6460:
6448:
6434:
6420:
6404:
6373:
6359:
6345:
6331:
6317:
6303:
6289:
6275:
6261:
6247:
6233:
6219:
6205:
6191:
6177:
6163:
6149:
6135:
6121:
6107:
6088:
6080:
6041:
6033:
5994:
5986:
5947:
5939:
5900:
5892:
5853:
5845:
5806:
5798:
5759:
5751:
5712:
5704:
5665:
5657:
5618:
5610:
5571:
5563:
5524:
5516:
5477:
5469:
5430:
5422:
5383:
5375:
5334:
5326:
5286:
5278:
5236:
5227:
5187:
5179:
5140:
5132:
5093:
5085:
5046:
5038:
4999:
4991:
4952:
4944:
4905:
4897:
4858:
4850:
4811:
4803:
4764:
4756:
4717:
4709:
4670:
4662:
4623:
4615:
4576:
4568:
4529:
4521:
4482:
4474:
4435:
4427:
4387:
4379:
4331:
4322:
4282:
4274:
4270:124 km (48 sq mi)
4235:
4227:
4188:
4180:
4141:
4133:
4094:
4086:
4047:
4039:
4000:
3992:
3953:
3945:
3906:
3898:
3859:
3851:
3847:109 km (42 sq mi)
3812:
3804:
3765:
3757:
3718:
3710:
3671:
3663:
3624:
3616:
3575:
3567:
3528:
3520:
3481:
3473:
3469:148 km (57 sq mi)
3432:
3424:
3385:
3377:
3338:
3330:
3288:
3280:
3276:125 km (48 sq mi)
3240:
3232:
3228:134 km (52 sq mi)
3189:
3181:
3177:165 km (64 sq mi)
3134:
3126:
3122:214 km (83 sq mi)
3082:
3074:
1272:, 1172–1177, Lower Silesia with
1156:River, north of which lived the
334:
292:
275:
263:
199:
192:
181:
174:
163:
156:
8174:
8161:
8148:
8135:
8113:
8104:
8095:
8082:
8072:
8036:
8026:
8000:
7991:
7978:
7975:Purdue University Press, p.173.
7965:
7956:
7947:
7933:(in German). pp. 258–322.
7922:
7872:
7840:
7824:
7790:
7754:
7732:
7698:
7676:
7654:
7632:
7610:
7588:
7566:
7540:
7527:
7505:
7427:
7360:
7343:
7324:
7315:
7303:
7294:
7279:
7256:
7247:
7232:
6455:Henryk IV's Probus coat of arms
6029:31 km (12 sq mi)
5982:37 km (14 sq mi)
5747:84 km (32 sq mi)
5700:30 km (12 sq mi)
5606:44 km (17 sq mi)
5559:89 km (34 sq mi)
5512:34 km (13 sq mi)
5465:40 km (15 sq mi)
5418:25 km (10 sq mi)
5371:36 km (14 sq mi)
5223:96 km (37 sq mi)
5175:27 km (10 sq mi)
5128:29 km (11 sq mi)
5034:85 km (33 sq mi)
4987:33 km (13 sq mi)
4893:34 km (13 sq mi)
4752:79 km (31 sq mi)
4705:27 km (10 sq mi)
4658:50 km (19 sq mi)
4611:58 km (22 sq mi)
4564:75 km (29 sq mi)
4423:52 km (20 sq mi)
4375:91 km (35 sq mi)
4318:68 km (26 sq mi)
4223:40 km (15 sq mi)
4176:84 km (32 sq mi)
4129:65 km (25 sq mi)
4082:35 km (14 sq mi)
4035:25 km (10 sq mi)
3988:32 km (12 sq mi)
3941:41 km (16 sq mi)
3894:66 km (25 sq mi)
3800:85 km (33 sq mi)
3753:56 km (22 sq mi)
3706:85 km (33 sq mi)
3659:33 km (13 sq mi)
3612:82 km (32 sq mi)
3563:97 km (37 sq mi)
3516:78 km (30 sq mi)
3420:58 km (22 sq mi)
3373:69 km (27 sq mi)
3326:80 km (31 sq mi)
2098:Modern Silesia is inhabited by
2063:
1823:River, which separates it from
1712:The region was affected by the
1417:was held in pawn by the Polish
1268:Silesia in the early period of
684:, which passed to the Austrian
648:, resulting in an abundance of
8992:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
7725:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
7708:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
7664:. Indexmundi.com. 24 June 2005
7576:. Indexmundi.com. 28 July 2011
7550:. 0.antenna.nl. Archived from
7515:(in Polish). Gazetawyborcza.pl
7202:
7193:
7178:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
7165:
7136:
7105:
7077:
7051:
6810:
6076:15 km (6 sq mi)
5935:19 km (7 sq mi)
5888:11 km (4 sq mi)
5841:21 km (8 sq mi)
5794:24 km (9 sq mi)
5653:12 km (5 sq mi)
5322:16 km (6 sq mi)
5274:20 km (8 sq mi)
5081:15 km (6 sq mi)
4940:21 km (8 sq mi)
4846:22 km (8 sq mi)
4799:24 km (9 sq mi)
4517:13 km (5 sq mi)
4470:22 km (8 sq mi)
2073:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
1594:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1536:. One of the claimed goals of
1448:War of the Austrian Succession
1191:was established as the oldest
637:are within Silesia's borders.
601:Silesia is situated along the
551:
13:
1:
9790:Historical regions in Germany
9655:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
8594:
8543:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
8156:Silesia: yesterday and today,
7642:. Indexmundi.com. 18 May 2012
7598:. Indexmundi.com. 1 July 2004
7387:Piotr Stefan Wandycz (1980).
7093:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
7059:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"
7044:
6758:Expulsion of Poles by Germany
6411:Coat of arms of the Prussian
2409:Ethnic structure of Prussian
1685:and the northern part of the
1653:to Silesia. The newly formed
1421:as dowry of the Polish queen
804:Lower Silesian German dialect
644:and after the rise of modern
629:. Parts of the Czech city of
9795:Historical regions in Poland
9519:Pentecostal Church in Poland
8950:
8629:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie
8435: (archived 27 July 2007)
7847:Ładogórski, Tadeusz (1966).
7390:The United States and Poland
2954:Consequences of World War II
2880:Total population: 2,207,981
2602:Census, monolingual Polish:
2093:
1727:
1655:Polish United Workers' Party
1580:by Nazis. Czech Silesia was
809:
802:or a separate language. The
7:
9294:
9182:
8679:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
8502:
8043:masakr ludności żydowskiej.
7438:A Concise History of Poland
6768:List of people from Silesia
6688:
6549:Flag of Silesia Voivodeship
3002:, which was annexed by the
2966:and Einsatzgruppe I led by
2897:
2187:acc. T. Ładogórski in 1787
1884:People's Republic of Poland
1740:, 1561; north at the bottom
1692:Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz
1568:Intelligenzaktion Schlesien
1433:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1415:Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
611:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
10:
9816:
9702:Silesian Autonomy Movement
9345:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
8674:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
8187:
7831:Plater, Stanisław (1825).
7407:Phillip A. Bühler (1990).
7331:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
7118:Collins English Dictionary
6395:
5999:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5952:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5811:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5717:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5388:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5339:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5291:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5192:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4957:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4816:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4487:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4099:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3958:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3864:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3770:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3723:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3088:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
2984:Christian Democratic Union
2422:
1671:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
1407:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1060:
1056:
623:Katowice metropolitan area
562:, with small parts in the
340:Silesia on a map of Poland
46:Schlesien (disambiguation)
43:
36:
29:
9744:
9724:
9696:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
9682:
9646:
9628:
9621:
9569:
9562:
9527:
9491:
9353:
9311:
9304:
9300:
9289:
9265:
9241:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
9236:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
9226:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
9218:
9192:
9188:
9177:
9162:
9134:
9093:
9066:
9059:
8967:
8960:
8956:
8945:
8930:
8881:
8818:
8790:
8783:
8751:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
8733:
8697:
8624:Lower Silesian Wilderness
8606:
8602:
8589:
8510:
8497:
7894:. Leipzig. Archived from
6576:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6537:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6501:Lower Silesia Voivodeship
6487:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6485:province of Lower Silesia
6415:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6413:province of Upper Silesia
2616:together with bilinguals
1905:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
1894:Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine
1778:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
1724:Central European floods.
1578:kidnapped Polish children
1253:increased as a result of
729:Upper Silesian plebiscite
625:, the centre of which is
524:
507:
499:
491:
486:
474:
466:
458:
453:
445:
440:
416:
406:
380:
345:
333:
291:
259:
214:From top, left to right:
149:
140:
62:
9147:Lower Silesian and Opole
9076:Moravian–Silesian Region
8014:. JewishEncyclopedia.com
8012:1906 Jewish Encyclopedia
6803:
6046:Moravian-Silesian Region
5623:Moravian-Silesian Region
5529:Moravian-Silesian Region
5435:Moravian-Silesian Region
5051:Moravian-Silesian Region
4628:Moravian-Silesian Region
4440:Moravian-Silesian Region
4392:Moravian-Silesian Region
4005:Moravian-Silesian Region
3140:Moravian-Silesian Region
2888:Austrian part of Silesia
2134:Prussian part of Silesia
1864:Moravian-Silesian Region
1736:First map of Silesia by
1683:Moravian-Silesian Region
1550:Nazi concentration camps
1313:first invasion of Poland
1219:. In 1178, parts of the
1132:. The eastern border of
784:forced population shifts
37:Not to be confused with
32:Silesia (disambiguation)
9340:Silesian Museum (Opava)
8725:Slezská Harta Reservoir
8206:Encyclopædia Britannica
7796:Hunt Tooley, T (1997).
7761:Weinhold, Karl (1887).
7335:(in Polish). Warszawa:
7155:Oxford University Press
6398:Coat of arms of Silesia
6388:Flags and coats of arms
6102:* Only part in Silesia
2179:acc. S. Plater in 1823
2171:acc. G. Hassel in 1819
2045:agricultural land use.
1756:(and its tributary the
1698:Schlesische Oberlausitz
1444:Frederick II of Prussia
1405:) was inherited by the
1209:Fragmentation of Poland
948:, Spanish and English:
941:
920:
907:
894:
886:
755:between the victorious
633:and the German city of
500: • Per capita
470:200/km (500/sq mi)
124:
82:
9545:National football team
8705:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
8689:Zielona Góra Acclivity
8439:Map of Silesia in 1763
8429:Silesia in Europe page
8069:Routledge, pp.110–138.
7782:Jobst Gumpert (1966).
6062:
6015:
5968:
5921:
5874:
5827:
5780:
5733:
5686:
5639:
5592:
5545:
5498:
5451:
5404:
5357:
5307:
5260:
5208:
5161:
5114:
5067:
5020:
4973:
4926:
4879:
4832:
4785:
4738:
4691:
4644:
4597:
4550:
4503:
4456:
4443:Czech Silesia/Moravia
4408:
4361:
4303:
4256:
4209:
4162:
4115:
4068:
4021:
3974:
3927:
3880:
3833:
3786:
3739:
3692:
3645:
3598:
3549:
3502:
3455:
3406:
3359:
3312:
3261:
3214:
3163:
3107:
3056:
2936:were forcibly expelled
2911:
2090:
1961:, marble, and basalt.
1939:
1938:) and silver (Polish:
1935:
1900:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1780:, which belong to the
1741:
1697:
1691:
1622:
1604:POWs (incl. the major
1566:
1558:
1538:Nazi German occupation
1525:
1468:Second Polish Republic
1439:
1401:
1323:, which took place at
1280:The first granting of
1277:
1270:Poland's fragmentation
1107:
996:old European hydronymy
969:
961:
953:
933:
873:
852:
831:
823:
725:insurrections by Poles
590:, traditions, and the
110:
96:
68:
50:Śląsk (disambiguation)
9514:Roman Catholic Church
9335:Upper Silesian Museum
7971:Kamusella, T (2007).
7817:Staatenbund darstellt
7813:Georg Hassel (1823).
7151:UK English Dictionary
6745:European Union portal
6717:Czech Republic portal
6061:
6014:
5967:
5920:
5873:
5826:
5779:
5732:
5685:
5638:
5591:
5544:
5497:
5450:
5403:
5356:
5306:
5259:
5207:
5160:
5113:
5066:
5019:
4972:
4925:
4878:
4831:
4784:
4737:
4690:
4643:
4596:
4549:
4502:
4455:
4407:
4360:
4343:Historically part of
4302:
4255:
4208:
4161:
4114:
4067:
4020:
3973:
3926:
3879:
3832:
3785:
3738:
3691:
3644:
3597:
3548:
3501:
3454:
3405:
3358:
3311:
3260:
3213:
3162:
3106:
3055:
2905:
2081:
1892:
1735:
1636:concentration camps.
1598:prisoner-of-war camps
1584:as part of so-called
1572:in 1940 as part of a
1516:
1431:
1267:
1104:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1102:) during the rule of
1098:Poland with Silesia (
1097:
1042:from the name of the
998:). According to some
912:[ˈʃlazɨnʲska]
817:
782:As the result of the
735:were divided between
526: • Summer (
9535:Football Association
8710:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
8128:Kochavi, AJ (2001).
7288:Przegląd Historyczny
6778:Silesian Interurbans
6653:Historic Silver Mine
6594:World Heritage Sites
6499:Coat of arms of the
6093:Silesian Voivodeship
5858:Silesian Voivodeship
5764:Silesian Voivodeship
5576:Silesian Voivodeship
5145:Silesian Voivodeship
5004:Silesian Voivodeship
4979:Czechowice-Dziedzice
4910:Silesian Voivodeship
4769:Silesian Voivodeship
4675:Silesian Voivodeship
4581:Silesian Voivodeship
4534:Silesian Voivodeship
4240:Silesian Voivodeship
4193:Silesian Voivodeship
4146:Silesian Voivodeship
4052:Silesian Voivodeship
4027:Siemianowice Śląskie
3911:Silesian Voivodeship
3817:Silesian Voivodeship
3676:Silesian Voivodeship
3629:Silesian Voivodeship
3533:Silesian Voivodeship
3486:Silesian Voivodeship
3390:Silesian Voivodeship
3343:Silesian Voivodeship
3293:Silesian Voivodeship
3245:Silesian Voivodeship
3195:Silesian Voivodeship
1975:Production (tonnes)
1807:in 1815, in Germany
1782:Carpathian Mountains
1679:Silesian Voivodeship
1643:of 1945 defined the
1506:), although most of
1484:Silesian Voivodeship
1331:. Upon the death of
1282:municipal privileges
1213:many smaller duchies
1051:Silesian Voivodeship
857:[ˈʃleːzi̯ən]
678:Bohemian Crown Lands
652:, especially in the
467: • Density
30:For other uses, see
9785:Geography of Europe
9200:Katowice urban area
9108:Lubusz Voivodeships
8644:Przedgórze Sudeckie
8614:Jelenia Góra valley
8167:Mazower, M (1999).
7929:Chromik, Grzegorz.
7912:Paul Weber (1913).
7901:on 1 February 2020.
7862:Paul Weber (1913).
6793:Katowice urban area
3043:Historic subregion
3000:Eastern Borderlands
2397:c. 1.8 million
2387:c. 2.2 million
2377:c. 2.1 million
2164:
2163:in years 1787–1823
1968:
1855:or Upper Silesia).
1840:województwo śląskie
1825:Zagłębie Dąbrowskie
1805:Province of Silesia
1582:occupied by Germany
1452:Province of Silesia
1364:as formal Bohemian
739:and Poland. During
654:Jelenia Góra valley
495:€150 billion (2022)
361: /
9800:Historical regions
9647:Unofficial anthems
8664:Silesian Przesieka
8654:Silesian Foothills
8248:Długajczyk, Edward
8154:Scholz, A (1964).
7784:Polen, Deutschland
7554:on 10 October 2007
7493:. En.poland.gov.pl
6063:
6016:
5969:
5922:
5905:Lubusz Voivodeship
5875:
5828:
5781:
5734:
5687:
5640:
5593:
5546:
5499:
5482:Lubusz Voivodeship
5452:
5405:
5358:
5308:
5261:
5209:
5162:
5115:
5068:
5021:
4974:
4927:
4880:
4863:Lubusz Voivodeship
4833:
4786:
4739:
4692:
4645:
4598:
4551:
4504:
4457:
4409:
4362:
4304:
4257:
4210:
4163:
4116:
4069:
4022:
3975:
3928:
3881:
3834:
3787:
3740:
3693:
3646:
3599:
3550:
3503:
3456:
3438:Lubusz Voivodeship
3407:
3360:
3313:
3262:
3215:
3164:
3108:
3057:
2998:the former Polish
2972:General Government
2968:Bruno Streckenbach
2960:Nazi racial policy
2912:
2158:
2091:
1964:
1901:
1742:
1667:Lubusz Voivodeship
1641:Potsdam Conference
1526:
1440:
1317:Henry II the Pious
1278:
1189:Diocese of Wrocław
1126:Silesian Przesieka
1108:
1063:History of Silesia
824:
771:strip west of the
492: • Total
459: • Total
446: • Total
9762:
9761:
9740:
9739:
9722:
9721:
9678:
9677:
9617:
9616:
9558:
9557:
9285:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9255:Rybnik Coal Areas
9246:Industrial Region
9173:
9172:
9160:
9159:
9130:
9129:
9126:
9125:
8941:
8940:
8928:
8927:
8924:
8923:
8659:Silesian Lowlands
8585:
8584:
8570:Battle of Leuthen
8565:Battle of Legnica
8553:Treaty of Teschen
8548:Treaty of Dresden
8390:978-83-942651-2-0
8357:978-83-927132-1-0
8324:978-83-942651-3-7
8291:978-83-927132-6-5
8232:978-83-927132-8-9
7940:978-3-88246-398-9
7453:978-0-521-61857-1
7181:. Merriam-Webster
6609:Churches of Peace
6100:
6099:
5670:Opole Voivodeship
5344:
5247:
5098:Opole Voivodeship
4722:Opole Voivodeship
4348:
4287:Opole Voivodeship
3581:Opole Voivodeship
2884:
2883:
2407:
2406:
2125:, Silesians, and
2042:
2041:
1878:Natural resources
1770:Sudeten Mountains
1675:Opole Voivodeship
1480:Silesian uprising
1472:League of Nations
1397:Krosno Odrzańskie
1393:Diocese of Kraków
1385:Duchy of Oświęcim
1374:Habsburg monarchy
1327:near the city of
1321:Battle of Legnica
1259:Holy Roman Empire
1247:Henry the Bearded
1215:ruled by various
1008:[ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa]
992:Pre-Indo-European
925:[ˈʃlɛska]
878:[ˈslɛsko]
796:Silesian language
753:Potsdam Agreement
747:. In 1945, after
686:Habsburg monarchy
682:Holy Roman Empire
607:Sudeten Mountains
592:Silesian language
556:historical region
545:
544:
143:Historical region
57:Historical region
16:(Redirected from
9807:
9752:
9751:
9735:
9730:
9707:Marsz Autōnōmije
9626:
9625:
9587:
9586:(Lower Silesian)
9584:Silesian German
9567:
9566:
9550:Silesian Stadium
9380:
9330:Regional costume
9309:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9291:
9290:
9190:
9189:
9179:
9178:
9168:
9071:Jeseník District
9064:
9063:
9046:Austrian Silesia
9019:Silesia Province
8965:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8947:
8946:
8936:
8788:
8787:
8746:Silesian Beskids
8715:Jezioro Sławskie
8604:
8603:
8591:
8590:
8559:Book of Henryków
8499:
8498:
8483:
8476:
8469:
8460:
8459:
8454:What is Silesia?
8418:
8407:Korzenie Zaolzia
8401:
8399:
8397:
8378:
8368:
8366:
8364:
8345:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8312:
8302:
8300:
8298:
8279:
8269:
8243:
8241:
8239:
8220:
8210:
8202:
8181:
8178:
8172:
8165:
8159:
8152:
8146:
8139:
8133:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8102:
8099:
8093:
8086:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8063:
8057:
8050:
8044:
8040:
8034:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8004:
7998:
7995:
7989:
7982:
7976:
7969:
7963:
7960:
7954:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7909:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7885:
7876:
7870:
7869:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7810:
7801:
7794:
7788:
7787:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7680:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7647:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7544:
7538:
7531:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7520:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7487:
7472:
7471:
7465:
7457:
7441:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7404:
7384:
7364:
7358:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7328:
7322:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7283:
7277:
7274:
7263:
7260:
7254:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7200:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7161:on 23 July 2019.
7157:. Archived from
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7055:
7038:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6944:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6894:
6883:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6814:
6747:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6668:
6648:
6628:
6604:
6585:
6570:
6558:
6546:
6531:
6514:Coat of arms of
6511:
6496:
6480:
6469:Austrian Silesia
6467:Coat of arms of
6464:
6452:
6438:
6424:
6408:
6377:
6363:
6349:
6335:
6325:Jastrzębie-Zdrój
6321:
6307:
6293:
6279:
6265:
6251:
6237:
6223:
6209:
6195:
6181:
6167:
6153:
6139:
6125:
6111:
6092:
6085:
6084:
6045:
6038:
6037:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5951:
5944:
5943:
5904:
5897:
5896:
5857:
5850:
5849:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5763:
5756:
5755:
5716:
5709:
5708:
5669:
5662:
5661:
5622:
5615:
5614:
5575:
5568:
5567:
5528:
5521:
5520:
5481:
5474:
5473:
5434:
5427:
5426:
5387:
5380:
5379:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5330:
5290:
5283:
5282:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5232:
5231:
5191:
5184:
5183:
5144:
5137:
5136:
5097:
5090:
5089:
5050:
5043:
5042:
5003:
4996:
4995:
4956:
4949:
4948:
4909:
4902:
4901:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4815:
4808:
4807:
4768:
4761:
4760:
4721:
4714:
4713:
4674:
4667:
4666:
4650:Wodzisław Śląski
4627:
4620:
4619:
4580:
4573:
4572:
4533:
4526:
4525:
4486:
4479:
4478:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4391:
4384:
4383:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4262:Kędzierzyn-Koźle
4239:
4232:
4231:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4145:
4138:
4137:
4098:
4091:
4090:
4051:
4044:
4043:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3957:
3950:
3949:
3910:
3903:
3902:
3863:
3856:
3855:
3816:
3809:
3808:
3792:Jastrzębie-Zdrój
3769:
3762:
3761:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3675:
3668:
3667:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3436:
3429:
3428:
3389:
3382:
3381:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3292:
3285:
3284:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3193:
3186:
3185:
3138:
3131:
3130:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3021:
3020:
3014:Cities and towns
2918:(overwhelmingly
2420:
2419:
2165:
2161:Prussian Silesia
2157:
1983:Bituminous coal
1969:
1963:
1868:Jeseník District
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1774:Silesian Beskids
1700:
1694:
1645:Oder-Neisse line
1627:
1571:
1563:
1532:, which started
1530:attack on Poland
1521:architecture in
1519:Silesian baroque
1496:Austrian Silesia
1404:
1311:conducted their
1298:Book of Henryków
1140:, and east from
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
982:Christianization
976:) and mountain (
927:
914:
901:
899:[ɕlonsk]
880:
867:
866:
865:
859:
846:
845:
844:
838:
836:[ɕlɔ̃sk]
773:Oder–Neisse line
765:communist regime
666:Duchy of Silesia
605:River, with the
574:in the west and
531:
376:
375:
373:
372:
371:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
338:
321:
314:Prussian Silesia
311:
304:Austrian Silesia
301:
296:
279:
267:
225:Wrocław Old Town
203:
196:
185:
178:
167:
160:
135:
127:
121:
113:
107:
99:
93:
85:
79:
71:
60:
59:
21:
9815:
9814:
9810:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9804:
9765:
9764:
9763:
9758:
9736:
9718:
9674:
9642:
9613:
9585:
9554:
9523:
9487:
9376:
9349:
9296:
9277:
9261:
9251:Ostrava-Karviná
9214:
9184:
9169:
9156:
9122:
9089:
9055:
9051:Eastern Silesia
8952:
8937:
8920:
8877:
8814:
8779:
8729:
8693:
8669:Silesian Upland
8598:
8581:
8506:
8493:
8487:
8433:Wayback Machine
8425:
8395:
8393:
8391:
8376:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8343:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8310:
8296:
8294:
8292:
8277:
8266:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8218:
8200:"Silesia"
8190:
8185:
8184:
8179:
8175:
8171:Penguin, p.223.
8166:
8162:
8153:
8149:
8145:Berghahn, p.70.
8140:
8136:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8109:
8105:
8100:
8096:
8087:
8083:
8077:
8073:
8064:
8060:
8056:Routledge, P126
8051:
8047:
8041:
8037:
8031:
8027:
8017:
8015:
8006:
8005:
8001:
7996:
7992:
7983:
7979:
7970:
7966:
7961:
7957:
7952:
7948:
7941:
7927:
7923:
7910:
7906:
7898:
7883:
7877:
7873:
7860:
7856:
7845:
7841:
7829:
7825:
7811:
7804:
7795:
7791:
7780:
7776:
7759:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7720:
7716:
7703:
7699:
7689:
7687:
7686:. Umwo.opole.pl
7682:
7681:
7677:
7667:
7665:
7660:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7643:
7638:
7637:
7633:
7623:
7621:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7599:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7579:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7557:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7532:
7528:
7518:
7516:
7511:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7489:
7488:
7475:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7401:
7381:
7365:
7361:
7348:
7344:
7329:
7325:
7320:
7316:
7308:
7304:
7299:
7295:
7284:
7280:
7275:
7266:
7261:
7257:
7252:
7248:
7237:
7233:
7216:
7212:
7207:
7203:
7198:
7194:
7184:
7182:
7171:
7170:
7166:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7127:
7125:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7082:
7078:
7068:
7066:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7041:
7031:
7027:
7023:
6999:
6975:
6948:
6939:
6938:
6931:
6898:
6889:
6888:
6881:
6877:
6844:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6773:Silesian German
6743:
6738:
6736:
6729:
6724:
6722:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6701:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6684:
6683:
6669:
6660:
6659:
6657:Tarnowskie Góry
6649:
6640:
6639:
6633:Centennial Hall
6629:
6620:
6619:
6605:
6596:
6589:
6586:
6577:
6571:
6562:
6559:
6550:
6547:
6538:
6532:
6518:
6512:
6503:
6497:
6488:
6481:
6472:
6465:
6456:
6453:
6444:
6439:
6430:
6425:
6416:
6409:
6400:
6390:
6383:
6378:
6369:
6364:
6355:
6350:
6341:
6336:
6327:
6322:
6313:
6308:
6299:
6294:
6285:
6280:
6271:
6266:
6257:
6252:
6243:
6238:
6229:
6224:
6215:
6210:
6201:
6196:
6187:
6182:
6173:
6168:
6159:
6154:
6145:
6140:
6131:
6126:
6117:
6112:
6079:
6032:
5985:
5938:
5891:
5844:
5797:
5750:
5703:
5656:
5609:
5562:
5515:
5468:
5421:
5374:
5325:
5277:
5235:
5226:
5178:
5131:
5084:
5037:
4990:
4943:
4896:
4849:
4802:
4755:
4708:
4661:
4614:
4567:
4520:
4473:
4426:
4378:
4330:
4321:
4273:
4226:
4215:Piekary Śląskie
4179:
4168:Tarnowskie Góry
4132:
4085:
4038:
3991:
3944:
3897:
3850:
3803:
3756:
3709:
3662:
3615:
3566:
3519:
3472:
3423:
3376:
3329:
3279:
3231:
3180:
3125:
3073:
3040:Administrative
3016:
2964:Udo von Woyrsch
2956:
2948:Aaron Karfunkel
2924:Roman Catholics
2900:
2892:Cieszyn Silesia
2096:
2066:
1880:
1730:
1395:. The Duchy of
1348:of some of the
1221:Duchy of Kraków
1203:and in 1109 at
1187:. In 1000, the
1169:Greater Moravia
1162:Poland its name
1160:tribe who gave
1065:
1059:
1035:[ɕlɔŋk]
1026:[ɕlɛŋk]
1017:[ɕlɛ̃ʂ]
861:
860:
840:
839:
812:
658:Greater Moravia
525:
428:
402:
369:
367:
363:
360:
355:
352:
350:
348:
347:
341:
329:
327:
319:
317:
309:
307:
299:
287:
286:
285:
284:
273:
272:
255:
254:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
197:
188:
187:
186:
179:
170:
169:
168:
161:
145:
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
58:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9813:
9803:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9756:
9745:
9742:
9741:
9738:
9737:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9719:
9717:
9716:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9699:
9692:
9686:
9684:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9650:
9648:
9644:
9643:
9641:
9640:
9635:
9629:
9623:
9619:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9590:
9589:
9576:
9570:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9531:
9529:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9495:
9493:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9436:
9429:
9422:
9417:
9410:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9382:
9372:
9365:
9359:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9326:
9325:
9312:
9306:
9298:
9297:
9287:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9275:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9248:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9205:Metropolis GZM
9202:
9196:
9194:
9193:Socioeconomics
9186:
9185:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9143:
9141:
9139:constituencies
9132:
9131:
9128:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9103:Lower Silesian
9099:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9078:
9073:
9067:
9061:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9032:
9031:
9026:
9016:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8971:
8969:
8962:
8954:
8953:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8824:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8796:
8794:
8785:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8748:
8737:
8735:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8684:Wał Trzebnicki
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8649:Silesian Walls
8646:
8641:
8639:Oświęcim Basin
8636:
8634:Ostrava Valley
8631:
8626:
8621:
8619:Kłodzko Valley
8616:
8610:
8608:
8600:
8599:
8587:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8579:
8572:
8567:
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8555:
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8522:
8517:
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8508:
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8495:
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8486:
8485:
8478:
8471:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8424:
8423:External links
8421:
8420:
8419:
8402:
8389:
8369:
8356:
8336:
8323:
8303:
8290:
8270:
8264:
8244:
8231:
8211:
8197:, ed. (1911).
8195:Chisholm, Hugh
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8173:
8160:
8147:
8134:
8121:
8112:
8103:
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7753:
7731:
7714:
7697:
7675:
7653:
7631:
7609:
7587:
7565:
7539:
7536:(Google books)
7526:
7504:
7473:
7452:
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7419:
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6731:Germany portal
6720:
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6396:Main article:
6389:
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6160:
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6148:
6146:
6141:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6120:
6118:
6113:
6106:
6098:
6097:
6096:Upper Silesia
6094:
6086:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6064:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6049:Czech Silesia
6047:
6039:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6017:
6008:
6004:
6003:
6002:Lower Silesia
6000:
5992:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5970:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5955:Lower Silesia
5953:
5945:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5923:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5908:Lower Silesia
5906:
5898:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5876:
5867:
5863:
5862:
5861:Upper Silesia
5859:
5851:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5829:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5814:Lower Silesia
5812:
5804:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5782:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5767:Upper Silesia
5765:
5757:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5735:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5720:Lower Silesia
5718:
5710:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5688:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5673:Lower Silesia
5671:
5663:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5641:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5626:Czech Silesia
5624:
5616:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5594:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5579:Upper Silesia
5577:
5569:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5547:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5532:Czech Silesia
5530:
5522:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5500:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5485:Lower Silesia
5483:
5475:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5453:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5438:Czech Silesia
5436:
5428:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5406:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5391:Lower Silesia
5389:
5381:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5359:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5332:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5309:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5294:Lower Silesia
5292:
5284:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5262:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5233:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5210:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5195:Lower Silesia
5193:
5185:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5163:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:Upper Silesia
5146:
5138:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5116:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5101:Lower Silesia
5099:
5091:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5069:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5054:Czech Silesia
5052:
5044:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5022:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5007:Upper Silesia
5005:
4997:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4975:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4960:Lower Silesia
4958:
4950:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4928:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4913:Upper Silesia
4911:
4903:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4881:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4866:Lower Silesia
4864:
4856:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4834:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4819:Lower Silesia
4817:
4809:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4772:Upper Silesia
4770:
4762:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4740:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4725:Lower Silesia
4723:
4715:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4678:Upper Silesia
4676:
4668:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4646:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4631:Czech Silesia
4629:
4621:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4599:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:Upper Silesia
4582:
4574:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4552:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4537:Upper Silesia
4535:
4527:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:Świętochłowice
4505:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4490:Lower Silesia
4488:
4480:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4433:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4410:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:Czech Silesia
4393:
4385:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4340:
4328:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4305:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4290:Upper Silesia
4288:
4280:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4243:Upper Silesia
4241:
4233:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4211:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4196:Upper Silesia
4194:
4186:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4164:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4149:Upper Silesia
4147:
4139:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4102:Lower Silesia
4100:
4092:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4070:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4055:Upper Silesia
4053:
4045:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4023:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4008:Czech Silesia
4006:
3998:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3976:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3961:Lower Silesia
3959:
3951:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3914:Upper Silesia
3912:
3904:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3882:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3867:Lower Silesia
3865:
3857:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3835:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3820:Upper Silesia
3818:
3810:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3773:Lower Silesia
3771:
3763:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3728:
3727:
3726:Lower Silesia
3724:
3716:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3679:Upper Silesia
3677:
3669:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3632:Upper Silesia
3630:
3622:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3600:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3585:Upper Silesia
3583:
3573:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3536:Upper Silesia
3534:
3526:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3489:Upper Silesia
3487:
3479:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3442:Lower Silesia
3440:
3430:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3408:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3393:Upper Silesia
3391:
3383:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3346:Upper Silesia
3344:
3336:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3296:Upper Silesia/
3294:
3286:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3263:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3248:Upper Silesia
3246:
3238:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3142:
3132:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3080:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3015:
3012:
2955:
2952:
2932:Kłodzko County
2899:
2896:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
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2749:
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2735:
2729:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
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2675:
2667:
2659:
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2643:
2635:
2627:
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2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
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2486:
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2450:
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2438:
2435:
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2429:
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2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
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2384:
2379:
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2368:
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2362:
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2334:
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2328:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2095:
2092:
2065:
2062:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1879:
1876:
1872:Olomouc Region
1729:
1726:
1701:) west of the
1687:Olomouc Region
1588:. In Silesia,
1423:Cecylia Renata
1389:Duchy of Zator
1354:Bohemian Crown
1350:Upper Silesian
1325:Legnickie Pole
1223:around Bytom,
1217:Silesian dukes
1158:Western Polans
1069:Kłodzko Valley
1061:Main article:
1058:
1055:
883:Lower Silesian
811:
808:
737:Czechoslovakia
721:Entente Powers
564:Czech Republic
543:
542:
532:
522:
521:
511:
505:
504:
503:€18,000 (2022)
501:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
484:
483:
478:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
438:
437:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
401:
400:
395:
393:Czech Republic
390:
384:
382:
378:
377:
343:
342:
339:
331:
330:
318:
308:
298:
297:
289:
288:
280:
274:
268:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
233:
227:
222:
211:
210:
198:
191:
190:
189:
180:
173:
172:
171:
162:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
137:
132:Lower Silesian
66:
63:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9812:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9755:
9747:
9746:
9743:
9734:
9729:
9715:
9712:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9697:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9681:
9671:
9670:
9669:Slezská hymna
9666:
9664:
9663:
9662:Schlesierlied
9659:
9657:
9656:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9633:Coats of arms
9631:
9630:
9627:
9624:
9620:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9594:Lach dialects
9592:
9588:
9582:
9581:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9568:
9565:
9561:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9484:
9483:
9479:
9477:
9476:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9458:
9456:
9455:
9454:Modrŏ kapusta
9451:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9428:
9427:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9415:
9411:
9409:
9408:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9397:
9395:
9394:
9390:
9388:
9387:
9383:
9381:
9379:
9378:(ciapkapusta)
9373:
9371:
9370:
9366:
9364:
9363:Black noodles
9361:
9360:
9358:
9356:
9352:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9324:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9292:
9288:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9264:
9256:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9217:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9187:
9180:
9176:
9167:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9133:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9030:
9029:Lower Silesia
9027:
9025:
9024:Upper Silesia
9022:
9021:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9014:State country
9012:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8977:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8970:
8966:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8948:
8944:
8935:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8800:Divoká Orlice
8798:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8786:
8782:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
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8759:
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8752:
8749:
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8744:
8743:
8742:
8739:
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8736:
8732:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8685:
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8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
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8667:
8665:
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8660:
8657:
8655:
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8650:
8647:
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8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8592:
8588:
8578:
8577:
8573:
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8568:
8566:
8563:
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8556:
8554:
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8546:
8544:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8500:
8496:
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8477:
8472:
8470:
8465:
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8455:
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8450:
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8440:
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8427:
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8416:
8412:
8408:
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8392:
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8375:
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8359:
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8342:
8337:
8326:
8320:
8316:
8309:
8304:
8293:
8287:
8283:
8276:
8271:
8267:
8265:83-85831-03-7
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8234:
8228:
8224:
8217:
8212:
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8201:
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8138:
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8125:
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8098:
8091:
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8068:
8062:
8055:
8049:
8039:
8029:
8013:
8009:
8003:
7994:
7987:
7981:
7974:
7968:
7959:
7950:
7942:
7936:
7932:
7925:
7917:
7916:
7908:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7882:
7875:
7867:
7866:
7858:
7850:
7843:
7835:
7827:
7819:
7818:
7809:
7807:
7799:
7793:
7785:
7778:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7757:
7741:
7735:
7727:
7726:
7718:
7710:
7709:
7701:
7685:
7679:
7663:
7657:
7641:
7635:
7619:
7613:
7597:
7591:
7575:
7569:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7537:
7530:
7514:
7508:
7492:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7469:
7463:
7455:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7430:
7422:
7420:9780880331746
7416:
7412:
7411:
7402:
7400:9780674926851
7396:
7392:
7391:
7382:
7380:9781847790323
7376:
7372:
7371:
7363:
7356:
7355:83-7322-287-1
7352:
7346:
7338:
7334:
7327:
7318:
7311:
7306:
7297:
7289:
7282:
7273:
7271:
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7259:
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7242:
7235:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7214:
7205:
7196:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7150:
7145:
7139:
7124:
7123:HarperCollins
7120:
7119:
7114:
7108:
7092:
7091:
7086:
7080:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7050:
7036:
7035:
7017:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6925:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6871:
6813:
6809:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
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6769:
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6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6735:
6732:
6721:
6718:
6707:
6704:
6703:Poland portal
6693:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6667:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6647:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6627:
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6618:
6614:
6610:
6603:
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6584:
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6575:
6569:
6564:
6557:
6552:
6545:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6516:Czech Silesia
6510:
6505:
6502:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6479:
6474:
6470:
6463:
6458:
6451:
6446:
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6228:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6208:
6203:
6200:
6194:
6189:
6186:
6180:
6175:
6172:
6171:Bielsko-Biała
6166:
6161:
6158:
6152:
6147:
6144:
6138:
6133:
6130:
6124:
6119:
6116:
6110:
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6025:
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6018:
6013:
6009:
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5997:
5993:
5989:
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5868:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5833:Łaziska Górne
5830:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5796:
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5790:
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5006:
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4908:
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4707:
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4447:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:Frýdek-Místek
4411:
4406:
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4399:
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4325:
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4059:
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4037:
4034:
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4024:
4019:
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4012:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
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3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3890:
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3887:
3883:
3878:
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3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
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3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:Lesser Poland
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:Bielsko-Biała
3264:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:Upper Silesia
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3145:Czech Silesia
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:Lower Silesia
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2988:Herbert Hupka
2985:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:Upper Silesia
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:Ethnic group
2167:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2153:Upper Silesia
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2116:Late Medieval
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2089:
2088:Silesian Wars
2085:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:Mineral Name
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1898:Łaziska Górne
1895:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1830:
1829:Lesser Poland
1826:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1738:Martin Helwig
1734:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:forced labour
1615:
1614:Stalag VIII-C
1611:
1610:Stalag VIII-B
1607:
1606:Stalag VIII-A
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:operated the
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1554:forced labour
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:Silesian Wars
1497:
1494:. Meanwhile,
1493:
1492:Upper Silesia
1489:
1488:Lower Silesia
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Upper Silesia
1460:
1457:
1456:German Empire
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:House of Vasa
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:in 1457; the
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:Wenceslaus II
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:In 1241, the
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Lwówek Śląski
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:. During the
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Piast dynasty
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Silesia Walls
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
918:
917:Upper Sorbian
913:
909:
905:
904:Lower Sorbian
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
864:
858:
854:
850:
843:
837:
833:
829:
821:
816:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Lower Silesia
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:Silesian Wars
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Piast dynasty
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:nation-states
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Upper Silesia
573:
572:Lower Silesia
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
540:
536:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
482:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
434:Upper Silesia
431:
426:
425:Lower Silesia
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
383:
379:
374:
365:51.6°N 17.2°E
346:Coordinates:
344:
337:
332:
325:
315:
305:
295:
290:
283:
278:
271:
266:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
217:
213:
212:
202:
195:
184:
177:
166:
159:
148:
144:
139:
133:
126:
119:
112:
105:
98:
91:
84:
77:
70:
61:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
9694:
9690:Demographics
9683:Other topics
9667:
9660:
9653:
9480:
9473:
9466:
9461:Siymiyniotka
9459:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9432:
9424:
9412:
9405:
9398:
9391:
9384:
9377:
9367:
9320:
9316:Architecture
9253: /
9095:Voivodeships
9083: /
8961:Subdivisions
8863:Nysa Kłodzka
8574:
8557:
8489:
8406:
8394:. Retrieved
8380:
8361:. Retrieved
8347:
8328:. Retrieved
8314:
8295:. Retrieved
8281:
8251:
8236:. Retrieved
8222:
8204:
8176:
8168:
8163:
8155:
8150:
8142:
8137:
8129:
8124:
8115:
8106:
8097:
8089:
8084:
8074:
8066:
8061:
8053:
8048:
8038:
8028:
8016:. Retrieved
8011:
8002:
7993:
7985:
7980:
7972:
7967:
7958:
7949:
7930:
7924:
7914:
7907:
7896:the original
7891:
7887:
7874:
7864:
7857:
7848:
7842:
7832:
7826:
7815:
7797:
7792:
7783:
7777:
7768:
7763:
7756:
7744:. Retrieved
7742:. Sbc.org.pl
7734:
7724:
7717:
7707:
7700:
7688:. Retrieved
7678:
7666:. Retrieved
7656:
7644:. Retrieved
7634:
7622:. Retrieved
7612:
7600:. Retrieved
7590:
7578:. Retrieved
7568:
7556:. Retrieved
7552:the original
7542:
7529:
7517:. Retrieved
7507:
7495:. Retrieved
7437:
7429:
7409:
7389:
7369:
7362:
7345:
7332:
7326:
7317:
7310:gonschior.de
7305:
7296:
7287:
7281:
7258:
7249:
7240:
7234:
7225:
7219:
7213:
7204:
7195:
7183:. Retrieved
7176:
7167:
7159:the original
7147:
7138:
7126:. Retrieved
7116:
7107:
7095:. Retrieved
7088:
7079:
7069:18 September
7067:. Retrieved
7053:
7026:-zhee-ə, sy-
6812:
6521:
6391:
6213:Zielona Góra
6101:
6066:
6019:
5972:
5925:
5878:
5831:
5784:
5737:
5690:
5643:
5596:
5549:
5502:
5455:
5408:
5361:
5311:
5264:
5212:
5165:
5118:
5071:
5024:
4977:
4930:
4883:
4836:
4789:
4742:
4695:
4648:
4601:
4554:
4507:
4460:
4412:
4365:
4307:
4260:
4213:
4166:
4119:
4072:
4025:
3978:
3931:
3884:
3839:Jelenia Góra
3837:
3790:
3743:
3696:
3649:
3602:
3553:
3506:
3459:
3412:Zielona Góra
3410:
3363:
3316:
3265:
3218:
3167:
3111:
3060:
3017:
3004:Soviet Union
2992:
2976:
2957:
2940:
2928:Glatzer Land
2913:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2481:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2325:
2317:
2310:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2150:
2131:
2097:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:Demographics
2047:
2043:
1965:
1956:
1952:Srebrna Góra
1913:
1902:
1881:
1857:
1818:
1800:
1786:
1766:Nysa Kłodzka
1743:
1711:
1664:
1638:
1590:Nazi Germany
1534:World War II
1527:
1474:organized a
1461:
1441:
1381:Polish kings
1378:
1343:
1337:
1306:
1294:Środa Śląska
1279:
1237:
1185:Polish state
1166:
1109:
1099:
1079:near modern
1066:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
987:
986:
949:
825:
819:
781:
777:East Germany
767:. The small
749:World War II
745:Nazi Germany
741:World War II
731:, while the
714:
642:noble houses
639:
600:
580:architecture
547:
546:
462:c. 8,000,000
407:Largest city
282:Coat of arms
245:Zielona Góra
216:Książ Castle
54:
9375:Panczkraut
9041:New Silesia
9036:Sudetenland
9002:politicians
7746:20 November
7690:20 November
7668:20 November
7646:20 November
7624:20 November
7602:20 November
7580:20 November
7558:20 November
7519:20 November
7497:19 November
7312:(in German)
6753:257 Silesia
6673:Muskau Park
6471:(1742–1918)
6241:Ruda Śląska
5692:Świebodzice
5504:Český Těšín
5266:Dzierżoniów
5214:Hoyerswerda
4791:Bolesławiec
3508:Ruda Śląska
3031:Population
2986:politician
2916:Protestants
2119:Ostsiedlung
2086:during the
1986:95,000,000
1852:Górny Śląsk
1746:Oder (Odra)
1586:Sudetenland
1411:Ferdinand I
1274:Lubusz Land
1106:, 1102-1138
1077:Mount Ślęża
1002:, the name
978:Mount Ślęża
763:-installed
717:World War I
550:(see names
417:Former seat
368: /
9769:Categories
9420:Kopalnioki
9407:Karminadle
8997:parliament
8858:Mała Panew
8741:Carpathian
8515:Offensives
8018:6 December
7045:References
7030:-shə, sil-
6681:Bad Muskau
5880:Świebodzin
2596:1,158,805
2590:1,048,230
2372:Population
2218:1,303,300
2210:1,550,000
2202:1,561,570
1978:Reference
1948:Złoty Stok
1657:created a
1624:Polenlager
1596:, several
1560:Lebensraum
1546:expulsions
1504:Trans-Olza
1476:plebiscite
1118:West Slavs
952:; French:
696:as formal
680:under the
454:Population
370:51.6; 17.2
9714:Silesians
9563:Languages
9475:Wodziōnka
9400:Hauskyjza
8911:Pszczynka
8734:Mountains
8596:Geography
8520:Uprisings
8415:177389723
8258:: Śląsk.
8008:"Silesia"
7462:cite book
7173:"Silesia"
7144:"Silesia"
7113:"Silesia"
7085:"Silesia"
6880:-zhə, sy-
6483:Prussian
6367:Nowa Ruda
6297:Wałbrzych
6068:Rydułtowy
5974:Nowa Ruda
5786:Polkowice
5645:Kluczbork
5551:Lubliniec
5313:Zgorzelec
3886:Mysłowice
3698:Wałbrzych
2980:Ruhr area
2920:Lutherans
2614:1,560,000
2604:1,169,340
2318:Moravians
2146:Moravians
2123:Moravians
2104:Silesians
2094:Ethnicity
1944:Złotoryja
1932:Polkowice
1799:(earlier
1728:Geography
1634:Auschwitz
1358:Jagiellon
1333:Orda Khan
1286:Złotoryja
1177:Mieszko I
1150:Vistulans
1000:Polonists
938:Kashubian
908:Šlazyńska
887:Schläsing
853:Schlesien
818:Silesia (
810:Etymology
712:in 1742.
690:Jagiellon
509:Time zone
220:Wałbrzych
125:Schläsing
111:Schlesien
9754:Category
9604:Moravian
9599:Silesian
9492:Religion
9433:Krupniok
9219:Industry
9152:Silesian
9118:Silesian
9007:treasury
8951:Politics
8906:Przemsza
8901:Gostynia
8853:Liswarta
8843:Kłodnica
8396:18 March
8363:18 March
8330:18 March
8297:18 March
8256:Katowice
8250:(1993).
8238:18 March
7063:Archived
6689:See also
6613:Świdnica
6143:Katowice
4932:Oleśnica
4838:Nowa Sól
4556:Racibórz
4462:Świdnica
3169:Katowice
3037:Country
2898:Religion
2872:117,651
2864:135,519
2737:757,200
2731:684,397
2725:566,523
2717:457,545
2709:409,218
2701:406,950
2693:366,562
2685:363,990
2677:364,175
2669:348,094
2661:330,099
2653:290,168
2645:266,399
2637:257,852
2629:162,600
2611:or up to
2584:918,728
2576:742,153
2568:665,865
2560:612,849
2552:590,248
2544:584,293
2536:568,582
2528:540,402
2520:525,395
2512:495,362
2504:468,691
2496:418,837
2488:377,100
2249:401,900
2241:600,000
2233:444,000
2023:Cadmium
2006:160,000
1996:571,000
1866:and the
1764:and the
1630:subcamps
1542:subhuman
1517:Typical
1366:fiefdoms
1362:Sobieski
1345:suzerain
1302:Henryków
1239:Walloons
1233:Siewierz
1229:Chrzanów
1225:Oświęcim
1193:Catholic
1142:Racibórz
1134:Silesian
1128:and the
1122:Lechites
1111:Germanic
1089:Strzelin
934:Sliezsko
891:Silesian
792:costumes
769:Lusatian
727:and the
698:Bohemian
694:Sobieski
627:Katowice
584:costumes
481:Silesian
240:Katowice
232:Old Town
90:Silesian
9775:Silesia
9622:Symbols
9440:Makōwki
9355:Cuisine
9322:Familŏk
9305:Culture
9295:Society
9273:Tourism
9266:Tourism
9183:Economy
9085:Görlitz
9060:Current
8975:Duchies
8896:Brynica
8883:Vistula
8838:Kaczawa
8773:Western
8768:Central
8763:Eastern
8758:Sudetes
8576:more...
8504:History
8490:Silesia
8431:at the
8188:Sources
8079:gassed.
7444:278–280
7185:23 July
7128:23 July
7097:23 July
6884:-shee-ə
6677:Łęknica
6637:Wrocław
6381:Bohumín
6311:Legnica
6283:Chorzów
6157:Gliwice
6129:Ostrava
6115:Wrocław
6021:Bohumín
5739:Orzesze
5363:Bielawa
5120:Cieszyn
4744:Mikołów
4603:Karviná
4345:Lusatia
4309:Görlitz
3980:Havířov
3745:Legnica
3703:102,490
3656:102,564
3651:Chorzów
3609:123,562
3560:126,623
3513:132,040
3466:132,266
3417:139,503
3370:150,594
3323:156,082
3273:167,509
3225:171,896
3220:Gliwice
3174:281,418
3149:Moravia
3119:283,504
3113:Ostrava
3067:673,923
3062:Wrocław
2944:Wrocław
2908:Kłodzko
2856:92,480
2848:41,611
2840:51,187
2832:49,037
2824:48,270
2816:49,445
2808:45,736
2800:42,292
2792:41,570
2784:12,679
2776:13,120
2768:13,254
2760:21,503
2747:(40.0%)
2744:884,045
2739:(37.2%)
2733:(36.6%)
2727:(35.9%)
2720:(36.8%)
2712:(36.3%)
2704:(38.1%)
2696:(36.5%)
2688:(36.5%)
2680:(37.2%)
2672:(37.4%)
2664:(36.8%)
2656:(36.3%)
2648:(35.6%)
2640:(36.1%)
2632:(29.0%)
2607:(53.0%)
2598:(57.0%)
2592:(56.1%)
2586:(58.2%)
2579:(59.8%)
2571:(59.1%)
2563:(57.3%)
2555:(58.7%)
2547:(58.6%)
2539:(58.1%)
2531:(58.1%)
2523:(58.6%)
2515:(62.1%)
2507:(62.6%)
2499:(62.0%)
2491:(67.2%)
2353:20,000
2345:16,916
2322:12,000
2307:32,600
2272:30,000
2264:24,500
2198:Germans
2108:Germans
2054:Szczyrk
2050:Karpacz
2036:70,000
2013:Silver
1993:Copper
1920:Legnica
1916:uranium
1909:lignite
1870:in the
1827:in the
1821:Brynica
1809:Görlitz
1797:Lusatia
1784:range.
1760:), the
1750:Vistula
1523:Wrocław
1508:Cieszyn
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1402:Crossen
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1319:at the
1309:Mongols
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1179:of the
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1044:Silings
966:Italian
962:Silezië
954:Silésie
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874:Slezsko
710:Austria
706:Prussia
670:duchies
662:Bohemia
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615:Wrocław
596:Wrocław
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353:51°36′N
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18:Slezsko
9609:Polish
9579:German
9468:Szałŏt
9447:Moczka
9426:Kreple
9414:Kołŏcz
9393:Galert
9386:Klōzki
8980:Piasts
8968:Former
8828:Barycz
8805:Jizera
8784:Rivers
8720:Nyskie
8533:Second
8492:topics
8413:
8387:
8354:
8321:
8288:
8262:
8229:
7937:
7450:
7417:
7397:
7377:
7353:
7149:Lexico
6934:-zee-ə
6783:Slezak
6227:Rybnik
6185:Zabrze
6073:20,436
6026:20,648
5979:20,831
5932:21,077
5885:21,112
5838:21,371
5791:21,585
5744:21,758
5697:22,002
5650:22,418
5603:22,848
5556:23,406
5509:23,487
5462:23,949
5415:27,966
5410:Orlová
5368:28,475
5319:29,371
5271:31,256
5242:Saxony
5220:31,326
5172:33,158
5125:33,486
5078:33,962
5031:34,306
5026:Třinec
4984:34,972
4937:35,503
4890:36,044
4885:Knurów
4843:36,479
4796:37,355
4749:41,383
4702:41,441
4655:45,316
4608:50,172
4561:50,419
4514:51,824
4467:53,797
4420:54,188
4372:55,512
4338:Saxony
4315:55,519
4267:55,623
4220:57,148
4173:61,413
4126:61,835
4079:63,240
4074:Głogów
4032:64,139
3985:68,245
3938:68,775
3891:71,849
3844:76,174
3797:83,477
3750:93,473
3461:Rybnik
3318:Zabrze
2995:Głogów
2922:) and
2875:(5.8%)
2867:(7.3%)
2859:(5.9%)
2851:(3.4%)
2843:(4.6%)
2835:(4.6%)
2827:(4.8%)
2819:(4.9%)
2811:(4.7%)
2803:(4.5%)
2795:(4.6%)
2787:(1.6%)
2779:(1.8%)
2771:(1.9%)
2763:(3.8%)
2624:German
2483:Polish
2361:8,900
2295:5,500
2291:Czechs
2142:Czechs
2112:Czechs
2110:, and
2084:Berlin
2016:1,200
1940:srebro
1930:, and
1924:Głogów
1801:Milsko
1768:. The
1762:Barycz
1707:Saxony
1703:Neisse
1677:, and
1602:Allied
1470:. The
1243:Poland
1231:, and
1205:Głogów
1154:Barycz
1071:, the
970:Slesia
930:Slovak
921:Šleska
895:Ślōnsk
849:German
828:Polish
800:Polish
761:Soviet
757:Allies
723:after
715:After
560:Poland
388:Poland
322:
320:
316:, 1871
312:
310:
306:, 1740
302:
300:
236:Spodek
128:
118:German
114:
100:
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83:Ślōnsk
76:Polish
72:
9638:Flags
9574:Czech
9528:Sport
9369:Bryja
9113:Opole
8985:dukes
8891:Biała
8873:Ślęza
8848:Kwisa
8698:Lakes
8607:Areas
8537:Third
8529:First
8377:(PDF)
8344:(PDF)
8311:(PDF)
8278:(PDF)
8219:(PDF)
7899:(PDF)
7884:(PDF)
7834:Litwę
7767:[
6943:also
6893:also
6804:Notes
6617:Jawor
6353:Brzeg
6339:Opava
6269:Tychy
6255:Opole
6199:Bytom
5927:Jawor
5598:Krnov
5457:Żagań
5167:Oława
5073:Brzeg
4367:Opava
3933:Lubin
3604:Tychy
3555:Opole
3365:Bytom
3034:Area
3028:Name
2930:(now
2755:Other
2476:1910
2473:1905
2470:1900
2467:1890
2464:1867
2461:1861
2458:1858
2455:1855
2452:1852
2449:1846
2446:1843
2443:1840
2440:1837
2437:1834
2434:1831
2431:1819
2428:Year
2415:Opole
2260:Sorbs
2229:Poles
2138:Sorbs
2127:Poles
2100:Poles
2058:Wisła
2033:Lead
2003:Zinc
1936:złoto
1928:Lubin
1860:Opole
1846:Śląsk
1834:Śląsk
1789:Kwisa
1758:Kwisa
1138:Bytom
1114:Lugii
1100:Śląsk
1085:Oława
1073:Celts
1040:Śląsk
1004:Ślęża
988:Ślęża
974:Ślęza
958:Dutch
946:Latin
942:Sląsk
870:Czech
832:Śląsk
820:Śląsk
708:from
619:Opole
552:below
535:UTC+2
514:UTC+1
430:Opole
326:River
250:Opava
230:Opole
104:Czech
69:Śląsk
8916:Rawa
8868:Olza
8833:Bóbr
8820:Oder
8792:Elbe
8525:Wars
8411:OCLC
8398:2018
8385:ISBN
8365:2018
8352:ISBN
8332:2018
8319:ISBN
8299:2018
8286:ISBN
8260:ISBN
8240:2018
8227:ISBN
8020:2017
7935:ISBN
7748:2013
7692:2013
7670:2013
7648:2013
7626:2013
7604:2013
7582:2013
7560:2013
7521:2013
7499:2013
7468:link
7448:ISBN
7415:ISBN
7395:ISBN
7375:ISBN
7351:ISBN
7187:2019
7130:2019
7099:2019
7071:2023
6679:and
6615:and
4697:Nysa
4121:Żory
3008:Lwów
2886:The
2341:Jews
2280:900
2253:23.0
2245:27.3
2237:21.5
2222:74.6
2214:70.5
2206:75.6
2026:500
1959:marl
1950:and
1793:Bóbr
1791:and
1776:and
1754:Bóbr
1722:2024
1720:and
1718:2010
1714:1997
1639:The
1600:for
1552:and
1490:and
1360:and
1292:and
1171:and
1144:and
1120:and
1087:and
1031:śląg
1022:ślęg
1013:Ślęż
692:and
603:Oder
566:and
539:CEST
441:Area
324:Oder
270:Flag
48:and
9482:Żur
8810:Úpa
7337:IPN
7028:LEE
7024:LEE
7022:sy-
6932:LEE
6930:sy-
6882:LEE
6878:LEE
6876:sy-
2402:100
2392:100
2382:100
2365:0.5
2357:0.9
2349:0.8
2326:0.6
2311:1.9
2299:0.3
2284:0.1
2276:1.4
2268:1.2
1695:or
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528:DST
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