1903:
event seen in our six
Eastern Europe populations between northern European and southern European ancestral sources may correspond to the expansion of Slavic language speaking groups (commonly referred to as the Slavic expansion) across this region at a similar time, perhaps related to displacement caused by the Eurasian steppe invaders (38; 58). Under this scenario, the northerly source in the second event might represent DNA from Slavic-speaking migrants (sampled Slavic-speaking groups are excluded from being donors in the EastEurope I analysis). To test consistency with this, we repainted these populations adding the Polish as a single Slavic-speaking donor group ("East Europe II" analysis; see Note S7.6) and, in doing so, they largely replaced the original North European component (Figure S21), although we note that two nearby populations, Belarus and Lithuania, are equally often inferred as sources in our original analysis (Table S12). Outside these six populations, an admixture event at the same time (910CE, 95% CI:720-1140CE) is seen in the southerly neighboring Greeks, between sources represented by multiple neighboring Mediterranean peoples (63%) and the Polish (37%), suggesting a strong and early impact of the Slavic expansions in Greece, a subject of recent debate (37). These shared signals we find across East European groups could explain a recent observation of an excess of IBD sharing among similar groups, including Greece, that was dated to a wide range between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago (37)
397:, "impeded coordinated military resistance against the enemy", which put them in a situation of being under foreign political leadership. When the Slavs and later the Avars entered the southeast of Europe they lacked advanced siege-warfare tactics, but around 587 they acquired this knowledge from contact with Byzantine culture, and because of this no urban settlement or fort could oppose them any more. With the destruction of Roman fortifications came a loss of Byzantine military and administrative power in Roman provinces. The native population was often decimated, and smaller or larger groups of Slavs settled in the devastated lands. Settlement among the natives, often replacing them, happened in the autumn, when winter supplies were secured for the people and animals. After mixing with the natives who survived in smaller communities, depending on the region, the Slavic tribes mostly had names of
887:, based on 146 samples, confirmed that the spread of Slavic language and identity was because of large movements of people of both males and females with specific Eastern European ancestry and that "more than half of the ancestry of most peoples in the Balkans today comes from the Slavic migrations, with around a third Slavic ancestry even in countries like Greece where no Slavic languages are spoken today". The big data set also showed that the Y-DNA haplogroups I2a-L621 and R1a-Z282 are absent in the antiquity and appear only since the Early Middle Ages "always associated with Eastern European related ancestry in the autosomal genome, which supports that these lineages were introduced in the Balkans by Eastern European migrants during the Early Medieval period".
2374:
around 300–500 CE... The SNP-based age of the
Eastern European CTS10228 branch is 2200 ± 300 years old. The carriers of the most ancient subgroup live in Southeast Poland, and it is likely that the rapid demographic expansion which brought the marker to other regions in Europe began there. The largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans, where the subgroup is dominant in 50.5% of Croatians, 30.1% of Serbs, 31.4% of Montenegrins, and in about 20% of Albanians and Greeks. As a result, this subgroup is often called Dinaric. It is interesting that while it is dominant among modern Balkan peoples, this subgroup has not been present yet during the Roman period, as it is almost absent in Italy as well (see Online Resource 5; ESM_5).
2341:
sikeresen integrálódott egy olyan társadalomba, amely hamarosan erőteljes demográfiai expanzióba kezdett. Ez is mutatja, hogy nem feltétlenül népek, mintsem családok sikerével, nemzetségek elterjedésével is számolnunk kell, és ezt a jelenlegi etnikai identitással összefüggésbe hozni lehetetlen. A csoport elterjedése alapján valószínűsíthető, hogy a szláv népek migrációjában vett részt, így válva az R1a-t követően a második legdominánsabb csoporttá a mai Kelet-Európában. Nyugat-Európából viszont teljes mértékben hiányzik, kivéve a kora középkorban szláv nyelvet beszélő keletnémet területeket.
232:
2167:
present-day
Ukraine... The calculated age of this specific haplogroup together with the variation peak detected in the suggested Slavic homeland could represent a signal of Slavic migration arising from medieval Slavic expansions. However, the strong genetic barrier around the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, associated with the high frequency of the I2a1b-M423 haplogroup, could also be a consequence of a Paleolithic genetic signal of a Balkan refuge area, followed by mixing with a medieval Slavic signal from modern-day Ukraine.
46:
754:
798:
Slavic languages". According to
Kushniarevich et al. 2015, the Hellenthal et al. 2014 IBD analysis, also found "multi-directional admixture events among East Europeans (both Slavic and non-Slavic), dated to around 1,000–1,600 YBP" which coincides with "the proposed time-frame for the Slavic expansion". The Slavic influence is "dated to 500-900 CE or a bit later with over 40-50% among
2373:
Based on SNP analysis, the CTS10228 group is 2200 ± 300 years old. The group's demographic expansion may have begun in
Southeast Poland around that time, as carriers of the oldest subgroup are found there today. The group cannot solely be tied to the Slavs, because the proto-Slavic period was later,
2217:
R1a-M458 exceeds 20% in the Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Western Belarus. The lineage averages 11–15% across Russia and Ukraine and occurs at 7% or less elsewhere (Figure 2d). Unlike hg R1a-M458, the R1a-M558 clade is also common in the Volga-Uralic populations. R1a-M558 occurs at 10–33% in
1150:
Syriac chroniclers (along with their Arab, Byzantine, Latin, Armenian, and
Georgian counterparts) did not use ethnonyms as specifically as modern scholars do. As K. Czeglédy notes, "some sources... use the ethnonyms of the various steppe peoples, in particular those of the Scythians, Huns and Turkic
757:
Admixture analysis of autosomal SNPs of the
Southeast Europe in a global context on the resolution level of 7 assumed ancestral populations: the African (brown), South/West European (light blue), Asian (yellow), Middle Eastern (orange), South Asian (green), North/East European (dark blue) and beige
1902:
S7.6 "East Europe": The difference between the 'East Europe I' and 'East Europe II' analyses is that the latter analysis included the Polish as a potential donor population. The Polish were included in this analysis to reflect a Slavic language speaking source group." "We speculate that the second
834:
analysis, the South Slavs show a genetic uniformity, with a modeled ancestral genetic component in the study peaking in Baltic speakers, being high in East Slavs (80-95%) as well as
Western and North-Western Europeans (Germans, Orcadians, Swedes), and between 55-70% among South Slavs. According to
797:
and Slavic expansion, which was a "relatively small population that expanded over a large geographic area", particularly "the expansion of the Slavic populations into regions of low population density beginning in the sixth century" and that it is "highly coincident with the modern distribution of
2340:
Az I2-CTS10228 (köznevén „dinári-kárpáti") alcsoport legkorábbi közös őse 2200 évvel ezelőttre tehető, így esetében nem arról van szó, hogy a mezolit népesség Kelet-Európában ilyen mértékben fennmaradt volna, hanem arról, hogy egy, a mezolit csoportoktól származó szűk család az európai vaskorban
2166:
However, a study by
Battaglia et al. (2009) showed a variance peak for I2a1 in the Ukraine and, based on the observed pattern of variation, it could be suggested that at least part of the I2a1 haplogroup could have arrived in the Balkans and Slovenia with the Slavic migrations from a homeland in
880:
in Southeastern Europe. Pre-Slavic Southeast European populations have the most of the Anatolian Neolithic component of ancestry, whereas present-day Slavs outside the Southeast Europe have the least, "with present-day people from Southeastern Europe intermediate between the two extremes". Among
2218:
parts of Russia, exceeds 26% in Poland and Western Belarus, and varies between 10 and 23% in the Ukraine, whereas it drops 10-fold lower in Western Europe. In general, both R1a-M458 and R1a-M558 occur at low but informative frequencies in Balkan populations with known Slavonic heritage.
2309:
Hg I2a1a2b-L621 was present in 5 Conqueror samples, and a 6th sample form Magyarhomorog (MH/9) most likely also belongs here, as MH/9 is a likely kin of MH/16 (see below). This Hg of European origin is most prominent in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, especially among Slavic speaking
1017:
Ulf Büntgen; Vladimir S. Myglan; Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist; Michael McCormick; Nicola Di Cosmo; Michael Sigl; Johann Jungclaus; Sebastian Wagner; Paul J. Krusic; Jan Esper; Jed O. Kaplan; Michiel A. C. de Vaan; Jürg Luterbacher; Lukas Wacker; Willy Tegel (2016).
2411:
The geographic distributions of the major eastern European NRY haplogroups (R1a-Z282, I2a-P37) overlap with the area occupied by the present-day Slavs to a great extent, and it might be tempting to consider both haplogroups as Slavic-specic patrilineal
661:
Very soon after their arrival the typical Slavic archaeological culture was changed by the influence of native Byzantine cultures. According to the archaeological data the main movement of the Slavs was from the Middle and Lower Danube valley. The
830:)–and South Slavs, i.e. across an area of assumed historic movements of people including Slavs". The slight peak of shared IBD segments between South and East-West Slavs suggests a shared "Slavonic-time ancestry". According to a recent
648:
they lacked political organization, because of which the Byzantine Empire regained control there, and after 200 years the Slavs in the southern Balkans became assimilated by the Greek-speaking majority. In the territory of present-day
306:, with the intruders spending in 551 their time in Dalmatia "as if in their own land", but also occasioned peaceful permanent settlement on Byzantine territory, which began around the same time. Things changed with the arrival of the
854:
and their subclades R-M558, R-M458 and I-CTS10228 among South Slavs are in correlation with the spreading of Slavic languages during the medieval Slavic expansion from Eastern Europe, most probably from the territory of present-day
838:
The 2006 Y-DNA study results "suggest that the Slavic expansion started from the territory of present-day Ukraine, thus supporting the hypothesis that places the earliest known homeland of Slavs in the basin of the middle
1129:
Like the name Scythian up to the early medieval period, the name Hun became a generic (usually pejorative) term in subsequent history for any steppe-warrior people, or even any enemy people, regardless of their actual
700:
According to archaeological data and historical sources, the Slavs mostly travelled along the river valleys, but while in the Southern Balkans, they travelled where they encountered greater resistance by the native
603:, alongside most of post-Roman Europe. Many Slavs soon began to accept the cultural customs of the highly civilized Roman provinces, and in order to expand their cultural and state influence on the South Slavs, the
745:. Those living near lakes, rivers, and seas also used various hooks and nets for fishing. They were known to be especially skilled in woodworking and shipbuilding, but also knew about metalworking and pottery.
2786:
Vedriš, Trpimir (2015). "Balkanske sklavinije i Bugarska – Hrvatska u međunarodnom kontekstu" [Balkan 'sklavinias' and Bulgaria – Croatia in the international context]. In Zrinka Nikolić Jakus (ed.).
270:
recorded that in 518 a large army of the Antae, "who dwell close to the Sclaveni", crossed the Danube River into Roman territory. Raids continued with ever-faster and stronger incursions during the time of
2424:
Iosif Lazaridis; Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg; Ayşe Acar; Ayşen Açıkkol; Anagnostis Agelarakis; Levon Aghikyan; Uğur Akyüz; Desislava Andreeva; Gojko Andrijašević; David Reich; et al. (26 August 2022).
930:
The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter their actual origin and identity.
2913:
2353:
Fóthi, E.; Gonzalez, A.; Fehér, T.; et al. (2020), "Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes",
674:
with some elements of the so-called Martinovka culture. V. V. Sedov considered that the majority of the Slavic population in Southeast Europe was descending from Antae, while
337:, Avars and Slavs made devastating intrusions along the Byzantine borders from Northern Italy to Southern Greece, and by the mid-7th century, the Slavs had settled in all the
251:
and of various Germanic tribes from the end of the 5th century CE. The first certain Slavic raids date to the early 6th century during the time of the Eastern Roman Emperor
3084:
876:
compared ancient, medieval and modern population samples and found that the medieval Slavic migrations "profoundly affected the region", resulting in the reduction of
290:
was pillaged almost every year by Huns, Sclaveni, and Antae, who did enormous damage to the native Roman population, making the region a "Scythian desert". As the
881:
present-day populations "Greeks and Albanians have more Anatolian Neolithic ancestry than their South Slavic neighbors". A 2023 archaeogenetic study published in
1552:
2977:
2906:
618:
Eventually the Slavs settled in the former Roman provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia reached a substantial amount of autonomy or independence, establishing
3581:
393:
in which a council of nobles ruled the tribal community. This allowed Slav tribes to stay together regardless of environmental factors, but according to
2749:
Koder, Johannes (2020). "On the Slavic Immigration in the Byzantine Balkans". In Johannes Preiser-Kapeller; Lucian Reinfandt; Yannis Stouraitis (eds.).
697:
since late 6th and 7th century, while Greece surely only since the 7th century (although military invasions could be argued since mid-6th century).
2899:
693:) near the border with Slovenia and Croatia are radiocarbon dated to the first-third of the 6th century. In Bulgaria and countries of former
1794:
Hellenthal, Garrett; Busby, George B.J.; Band, Gavin; Wilson, James F.; Capelli, Cristian; Falush, Daniel; Myers, Simon (14 February 2014).
4144:
4139:
3816:
3804:
3775:
3729:
3634:
3399:
3387:
3079:
2872:
3610:
3569:
3416:
3282:
3196:
3164:
3038:
2972:
1270:(1981). "The Evolution of Slavic Society and the Slavic Invasions in Greece. The First Major Slavic Attack on Thessaloniki, A. D. 597".
835:
2017 admixture study of Peloponnesian Greek population, "the Slavic ancestry of Peloponnesean subpopulations ranges from 0.2 to 14.4%".
3913:
3846:
3763:
3646:
3622:
3552:
3220:
3208:
2738:
310:, who fought against the Antae and subjugated masses of both Antae and Sclaveni. After the death of Justinian I, the new Roman Emperor
3741:
3700:
3598:
3467:
3455:
3428:
3355:
608:
330:
326:
2752:
Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of Mobility Between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E.
3717:
3507:
3792:
2241:
1668:"Standing at the Gateway to Europe - The Genetic Structure of Western Balkan Populations Based on Autosomal and Haploid Markers"
109:, Byzantium was not able to wage war on two fronts and regain its lost territories, so it reconciled with the establishment of
826:
and that there's an "even patterns of IBD sharing among East-West Slavs–'inter-Slavic' populations (Hungarians, Romanians and
3995:
2882:
2850:
2804:
2768:
2333:
1522:
1503:
1481:
1450:
1419:
1202:
1183:
988:
906:
896:
417:
1922:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
685:
in Moldova are dated to the 5th century, in Romania since 6th century, from there to Transylvania in mid-6th century (with
3918:
3809:
2426:
2181:
2038:
405:
2825:
2725:
2704:
2680:
2624:
2603:
2582:
2233:Генофонд українців за різними системами генетичних маркерів: походження і місце на європейському генетичному просторі
1122:
844:
2085:
Rebała, K; Mikulich, AI; Tsybovsky, IS; Siváková, D; Dzupinková, Z; Szczerkowska-Dobosz, A; Szczerkowska, Z (2007).
1543:[First contacts of the Danubian Slavs and Avars: the evidences from the Byzantine writers and archaeology].
4159:
3043:
2257:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin"
2238:
The gene pool of Ukrainians revealed by different systems of genetic markers: the origin and statement in Europe
4134:
2922:
53:
The settlement was facilitated by the substantial decrease of the Southeastern European population during the
4154:
2034:"Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks"
663:
612:
381:
357:
78:
1016:
193:(from 541–549 until the mid-8th century) decimated the native population, resulting in the weakening of the
4149:
2486:"Ancient DNA analysis reveals how the rise and fall of the Roman Empire shifted populations in the Balkans"
769:
survey "of recent genealogical ancestry over the past 3,000 years at a continental scale", the speakers of
369:
58:
3734:
2179:
Underhill, Peter A. (2015), "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a",
911:
689:
assimilation and additional Slavic waves since mid-7th century). In Southwestern Hungary (southwest of
1784:"Companion website for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history", Hellenthal et al, Science (2014)"
2690:
492:
443:
299:
2891:
2128:"The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations"
1854:
Hellenthal, G.; Busby, G. B.; Band, G.; Wilson, J. F.; Capelli, C.; Falush, D.; Myers, S. (2014).
81:
in the summer of 626, they remained in the wider Southeast Europe area after they had settled the
2485:
2132:
1333:
1108:
770:
322:
140:
2423:
877:
682:
667:
641:
116:
1020:"Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD"
851:
34:. The rapid demographic spread of the Slavs was followed by a population exchange, mixing and
4103:
2789:
Nova zraka u europskom svjetlu: Hrvatske zemlje u ranome srednjem vijeku (oko 550 − oko 1150)
365:
3797:
843:". According to genetic studies until 2020, the distribution, variance and frequency of the
2672:
2517:
2274:
2087:"Y-STR variation among Slavs: Evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin"
1935:
1867:
1809:
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645:
545:
182:
70:
1541:"Первые контакты дунайских славян и авар: свидетельства византийских авторов и археологии"
8:
3888:
3241:
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Byzantium and the Avars, 6th-9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
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1114:
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
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202:
190:
54:
27:
2696:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
2546:
2454:
2427:"A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia"
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1939:
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1035:
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2009:
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The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c.500–700
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2650:
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2300:
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2149:
2127:
2108:
2067:
2014:
1963:
1893:
1843:
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1709:
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984:
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831:
633:
530:
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346:
263:
231:
31:
2161:
4005:
3181:
3028:
2874:Јужни Словени под византијском влашћу (South Slavs under Byzantine rule 600-1025AD)
2756:
2541:
2531:
2449:
2441:
2395:
2362:
2290:
2282:
2198:
2190:
2141:
2098:
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2047:
2004:
1994:
1953:
1943:
1883:
1875:
1833:
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1745:
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1279:
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774:
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373:
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128:
4010:
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3768:
3274:
2836:
2815:
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2750:
2734:
2715:
2694:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2614:
2593:
2572:
2323:
2270:
2145:
1948:
1750:
1694:
1536:
1112:
978:
675:
596:
432:
334:
307:
210:
194:
62:
23:
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Slavs established dense settlements in Southeast Europe, more precisely in the
3746:
3392:
3334:
3105:
2662:
2536:
2522:
2367:
2286:
2240:] (PhD) (in Ukrainian). National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of
1983:"Genetic Landscape of Slovenians: Past Admixture and Natural Selection Pattern"
1267:
883:
867:
847:
790:
515:
387:
According to Procopius, Slavic social and political organization was a kind of
291:
198:
189:
began the reconstruction of fortresses, cities, and Christianity. However, the
168:
66:
35:
3615:
3603:
2760:
2103:
2086:
1783:
1561:
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gave more emphasis on the Sclaveni as immigration started in Western Ukraine.
4128:
4075:
3663:
3201:
3169:
3142:
2642:
1999:
1829:
860:
827:
508:
455:
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lacked garrisons, in 545 Justinian I made an alliance with the Antae to stop
144:
39:
4070:
2445:
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Pamjav, Horolma; Fehér, Tibor; Németh, Endre; Koppány Csáji, László (2019).
1879:
1821:
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500:
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3943:
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3690:
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3472:
3433:
3421:
3411:
3404:
3299:
3287:
3213:
3110:
2989:
2942:
2518:"A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations"
2490:
2463:
2304:
2212:
2153:
2112:
2071:
2018:
1967:
1897:
1847:
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1736:
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
710:
690:
549:
477:
447:
421:
148:
86:
45:
3627:
247:. Small groups of Slavs had probably participated in the campaigns of the
3968:
3903:
3872:
3821:
3705:
3460:
3377:
3264:
3225:
3033:
2194:
2052:
1856:"Supplementary Material for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history""
1334:"On the Baptism of the Serbs and Croats in the Time of Basil I (867–886)"
811:
722:
706:
569:
538:
463:
342:
272:
206:
186:
131:, the population of the Southeast Europe was composed of Ancient Greeks,
74:
4065:
504:
4030:
3978:
3963:
3564:
3557:
3372:
3367:
3304:
3249:
3186:
3133:
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2930:
983:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15, 24, 116, 118, 125, 286–287.
823:
819:
807:
799:
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620:
565:
561:
459:
389:
303:
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160:
111:
105:. Exhausted by several factors and reduced to the coastal parts of the
98:
2078:
1291:
653:
the Albanian-speaking majority assimilated the local Slavic settlers.
4045:
4040:
4035:
4025:
3958:
3893:
3828:
3722:
3651:
3519:
3492:
3484:
3309:
3294:
3259:
3191:
3176:
3115:
3074:
3023:
2952:
2947:
2612:
1540:
1043:
1003:
Wright, David Curtis (1997). "The Hsiung-Nu-Hun Equation Revisited".
803:
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and by the Byzantine Empire. In most parts of the former dioceses of
557:
523:
471:
467:
451:
311:
267:
177:
156:
136:
132:
102:
82:
239:
The Slavs who settled in Southeast Europe comprised two groups: the
4060:
3953:
3948:
3898:
3758:
3440:
3254:
3159:
3097:
3069:
2984:
2967:
2957:
2921:
1926:
1672:
1283:
786:
763:
604:
584:
577:
573:
534:
496:
428:
252:
244:
226:
94:
30:
in the mid-6th century and first decades of the 7th century in the
1143:
235:
Approximate location of South Slavic tribes, per V. V. Sedov 1995.
4110:
4014:
3973:
3908:
3858:
3838:
3787:
3712:
3658:
3593:
3529:
3497:
3445:
3319:
3314:
3154:
3011:
2999:
2574:
The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam
901:
856:
840:
782:
753:
650:
625:
553:
436:
413:
398:
338:
321:) halted the payment of subsidies to the Avars, thus sparking an
283:
201:. Various factors, including the Late Antique Little Ice Age and
115:
influence and created an alliance with them against the Avar and
106:
4050:
4020:
3931:
3695:
3502:
3450:
3382:
3347:
3343:
2962:
2084:
815:
778:
705:
forces, along the mountain ranges. They mostly were engaged in
686:
488:
481:
377:
287:
152:
90:
2321:
595:
After the settlement of the Slavs, Southeast Europe turned to
302:
area. This caused more Sclaveni intrusions from the region of
4099:(ethnicity is undefined): = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes
4055:
3544:
3524:
1426:
1395:
1221:
738:
730:
714:
240:
222:
172:
164:
61:
from 536 to around 660 CE and the series of wars between the
19:
2793:
Croatian lands in the Early Middle Ages (o. 550. – o. 1150.)
3091:
1493:
1491:
1469:
794:
734:
718:
248:
2843:
Sloveni u ranom srednjem veku (Slavs in Early Middle Ages)
2616:
The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363-628
773:
share a very high number of common ancestors dated to the
4115:= generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks
1853:
1793:
1359:
1298:
1173:
1171:
360:(582–602) did not manage to stop the successful siege of
4109:= some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example
1732:"The Geography of Recent Genetic Ancestry across Europe"
1644:
1605:
1593:
1488:
1347:
1209:
980:
Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541-750
151:
subjects. There may have also been small communities of
2743:
Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online
2392:
Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online
1622:
1620:
1438:
1077:
958:
721:. They grew various fruits and vegetables, and learned
681:
For now archaeologically the earliest Slavic sites and
372:(617), and the destruction of various cities including
2859:
2025:
1581:
1510:
1371:
1238:
1236:
1168:
1067:
1065:
2817:
The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567–822
2031:
1407:
1050:
948:
946:
2385:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1632:
1617:
1569:
1457:
1383:
1248:
1156:
1145:
Medieval Syriac Historians' Perceptions of the Turks
733:
for military and agricultural purposes, and raising
325:(568-626). With the Byzantines preoccupied with the
1233:
1190:
1062:
2713:
2516:Olalde, Iñigo; Carrión, Pablo (December 7, 2023).
2352:
1089:
943:
73:. The backbone of the Avar Khaganate consisted of
1908:
16:Overview of Slavic migrations to Southeast Europe
4126:
2923:Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries)
2613:Dodgeon, Michael H.; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1991).
2315:
2254:
1919:
1661:
1659:
976:
741:. Those living in hilly terrain mostly lived as
2570:
364:(580 to 582), though his generals triumphed at
2863:On the Origins of Proto-Croats and Proto-Serbs
2664:De Administrando Imperio: Volume II Commentary
2386:Kushniarevich, Alena; Kassian, Alexei (2020),
282:), with Procopius recording that the whole of
2907:
2591:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2417:
1656:
2813:
2229:
1980:
1796:"A Genetic Atlas of Human Admixture History"
1725:
1723:
1665:
583:Some Slavs in Thrace were also relocated to
2699:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2379:
2355:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
2032:G. Stamatoyannopoulos; et al. (2017).
1521:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
1502:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
1480:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
1449:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
1418:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
1182:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazanski2020 (
2914:
2900:
2506:
2328:(in Hungarian). Napkút Kiadó. p. 58.
2248:
1974:
1788:A genetic atlas of human admixture history
1151:tribes, in the generic sense of 'nomads'".
1117:. Princeton University Press. p. 99.
2545:
2535:
2453:
2366:
2294:
2202:
2178:
2102:
2061:
2051:
2008:
1998:
1957:
1947:
1887:
1837:
1759:
1749:
1720:
1703:
1693:
1560:
1341:Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana
970:
609:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
2870:
2125:
1729:
1535:
1516:
1497:
1475:
1444:
1413:
1328:
1201:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCurta2001 (
1177:
1107:
810:". The 2015 IBD analysis found that the
752:
230:
44:
2633:
2255:Neparáczki, Endre; et al. (2019).
2242:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2223:
1266:
1148:. University of Cambridge. p. 19.
1141:
1056:
298:intrusions from Antae territory in the
4127:
2785:
1920:A. Kushniarevich; et al. (2015).
1365:
1319:, p. 212–218, 382, 413, 444, 458.
793:. It is concluded to be caused by the
666:was composed of a mixture of Sclaveni
49:Slavic migrations to Southeast Europe.
2895:
2835:Sedov, Valentin Vasilyevich (2013) .
2834:
2748:
2346:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1463:
1432:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1353:
1316:
1304:
1254:
1242:
1227:
1215:
1196:
1162:
1095:
1083:
1071:
964:
952:
907:Outline of Slavic history and culture
518:and Moesia Secunda were inhabited by
418:Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
167:. After the destructive campaigns of
2739:Archaeology of the Slavic Migrations
2689:
1545:Antichnaya Drevnost's I Srednie Veka
181:, which resulted in the fall of the
4145:Wars involving the Byzantine Empire
4140:7th century in the Byzantine Empire
2845:]. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga.
777:approximately 1,500 years ago with
13:
2182:European Journal of Human Genetics
2039:European Journal of Human Genetics
1981:P. M. Delser; et al. (2018).
1666:L. Kovačević; et al. (2014).
406:Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
262:), coinciding with the end of the
14:
4171:
2400:10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_032367
1010:
897:Extreme weather events of 535–536
725:. They were actively engaged in
2860:Sotirović, Vladimir B. (2018).
2478:
2388:"Genetics and Slavic languages"
2172:
2119:
1776:
1529:
1322:
1260:
1135:
1101:
924:
351:
316:
277:
257:
2838:Славяне в раннем Средневековье
2390:, in Marc L. Greenberg (ed.),
2126:A. Zupan; et al. (2013).
1730:P. Ralph; et al. (2013).
997:
977:Lester K. Little, ed. (2007).
656:
412:In the late Roman province of
205:, pushed the migration of the
1:
2795:] (in Croatian). Zagreb:
937:
382:Siege of Constantinople (626)
122:
2820:. Cornell University Press.
2146:10.3109/03014460.2013.813584
1949:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
1751:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001555
1695:10.1371/journal.pone.0105090
878:Anatolian Neolithic ancestry
587:, and later became known as
7:
2714:Kardaras, Georgios (2018).
890:
748:
640:fell under the rule of the
209:, who were also led by the
59:Late Antique Little Ice Age
10:
4176:
2564:
2537:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018
2368:10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0
2287:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5
912:Pre-modern human migration
220:
216:
4092:
3991:
3987:
3929:
3880:
3871:
3837:
3681:
3543:
3483:
3342:
3333:
3273:
3240:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3065:
3058:
3007:
2998:
2938:
2929:
2761:10.1163/9789004425613_004
2104:10.1007/s10038-007-0125-6
2091:Journal of Human Genetics
1562:10.15826/adsv.2023.51.004
1005:Eurasian Studies Yearbook
713:, which they introduced,
664:Ipotesti–Candesti culture
368:(599). Subsequently the
57:. Another reason was the
2871:Živković, Tibor (2007).
2755:Brill. pp. 81–100.
2598:. Cembridge University.
2571:Crawford, Peter (2013).
2244:. pp. 219–226, 302.
2000:10.3389/fgene.2018.00551
1109:Beckwith, Christopher I.
917:
814:have lower proximity to
789:cluster among others in
548:were numerous tribes of
345:. The Byzantine Emperor
185:, Eastern Roman Emperor
2877:. Čigoja. p. 504.
2446:10.1126/science.abq0755
2133:Annals of Human Biology
1880:10.1126/science.1243518
1822:10.1126/science.1243518
1435:, p. 219, 221–222.
1404:, p. 218, 220–221.
1230:, p. 209–212, 215.
771:Serbo-Croatian language
323:almost century-long war
85:provinces south of the
79:siege of Constantinople
4160:History of the Balkans
2592:Curta, Florin (2001).
2325:Genetika és őstörténet
1142:Dickens, Mark (2004).
762:According to the 2013
759:
642:First Bulgarian Empire
380:, culminated with the
236:
175:, who were previously
129:great migration period
50:
4135:7th-century conflicts
2866:. Vilnius University.
2814:Pohl, Walter (2018).
2530:(25): P5472-5485.E9.
2230:O.M. Utevska (2017).
1987:Frontiers in Genetics
1553:Ural University Press
756:
611:began the process of
370:siege of Thessalonica
234:
48:
4155:South Slavic history
2799:. pp. 581–608.
2691:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
2673:University of London
2619:. Psychology Press.
2195:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50
2053:10.1038/ejhg.2017.18
646:diocese of Macedonia
546:Diocese of Macedonia
183:Western Roman Empire
71:Eastern Roman Empire
4150:Invasions of Greece
3889:Seven Slavic tribes
2279:2019NatSR...916569N
1940:2015PLoSO..1035820K
1872:2014Sci...343..747H
1814:2014Sci...343..747H
1686:2014PLoSO...9j5090K
1307:, p. 212, 215.
1036:2016NatGe...9..231B
870:study published in
861:Southeastern Poland
758:Caucasus component.
624:influenced both by
520:Seven Slavic tribes
446:was settled by the
203:population pressure
191:Plague of Justinian
77:. After the failed
55:Plague of Justinian
28:Southeastern Europe
3894:Southern Severians
2494:. December 7, 2023
2262:Scientific Reports
1653:, p. 227–228.
1614:, p. 225–226.
1602:, p. 225–227.
1478:, p. 7–8, 10.
1368:, p. 581–603.
1356:, p. 229–232.
1218:, p. 208–209.
1086:, p. 207–208.
967:, p. 206–207.
760:
495:were inhabited by
237:
51:
4122:
4121:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4015:Pannonian Dulebes
3867:
3866:
3677:
3676:
3236:
3235:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3054:
3053:
2943:Carpathian Croats
2884:978-86-7558-501-5
2852:978-86-6263-026-1
2806:978-953-150-942-8
2770:978-90-04-42561-3
2669:The Athlone Press
2651:Dimitri Obolensky
2577:. Pen and Sword.
2440:(6609): 940–951.
2335:978-963-263-855-3
1866:(6172): 747–751.
1808:(6172): 747–751.
1024:Nature Geoscience
990:978-0-521-84639-4
845:Y-DNA haplogroups
531:Diocese of Thrace
514:The provinces of
487:The provinces of
437:Pannonian Dulebes
117:Bulgar Khaganates
93:rivers, from the
32:Early Middle Ages
4167:
4006:Asia Minor Slavs
3989:
3988:
3922:
3881:Bulgarian tribes
3878:
3877:
3855:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3784:
3772:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3713:Bohemian Dulebes
3709:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3619:
3607:
3590:
3578:
3561:
3516:
3476:
3464:
3437:
3425:
3408:
3396:
3364:
3340:
3339:
3291:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3173:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3088:
3063:
3062:
3047:
3005:
3004:
2981:
2936:
2935:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2867:
2856:
2831:
2810:
2782:
2735:Kazanski, Michel
2731:
2710:
2686:
2659:Jenkins, Romilly
2630:
2609:
2588:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2457:
2431:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2298:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2206:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1917:
1906:
1905:
1891:
1851:
1841:
1791:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1590:, p. 88–89.
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1537:Kazanski, Michel
1533:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:, p. 91–95.
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:10.1038/ngeo2652
1014:
1008:
1001:
995:
994:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
931:
928:
775:migration period
727:animal husbandry
672:Penkovka culture
613:Christianization
599:and entered the
589:Asia Minor Slavs
442:The province of
374:Justiniana Prima
358:Balkan campaigns
355:
353:
320:
318:
281:
279:
261:
259:
147:, as well as of
4175:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4080:
4011:Pannonian Slavs
3983:
3925:
3916:
3863:
3849:
3833:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3778:
3766:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3703:
3691:Bohemian Croats
3673:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3584:
3572:
3555:
3539:
3510:
3479:
3470:
3458:
3431:
3419:
3402:
3390:
3358:
3335:Polabian tribes
3329:
3300:Silesian Croats
3285:
3275:Silesian tribes
3269:
3232:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3167:
3120:
3082:
3059:Northern tribes
3050:
3041:
2994:
2975:
2925:
2920:
2885:
2853:
2828:
2807:
2797:Matica hrvatska
2771:
2728:
2707:
2683:
2655:Steven Runciman
2647:Gyula Moravcsik
2639:Romilly Jenkins
2635:Francis Dvornik
2627:
2606:
2585:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2514:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2404:
2402:
2384:
2380:
2351:
2347:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2271:Nature Research
2253:
2249:
2228:
2224:
2177:
2173:
2124:
2120:
2083:
2079:
2030:
2026:
1979:
1975:
1918:
1909:
1852:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1728:
1721:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1500:, p. 8–12.
1496:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1330:Živković, Tibor
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1268:Vryonis, Speros
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1140:
1136:
1125:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
991:
975:
971:
963:
959:
951:
944:
940:
935:
934:
929:
925:
920:
893:
751:
703:Byzantine Greek
676:Michel Kazanski
659:
644:, while in the
529:In part of the
480:was settled by
433:Pannonian Slavs
350:
335:Sasanian Empire
315:
308:Pannonian Avars
276:
264:Vitalian revolt
256:
229:
221:Main articles:
219:
211:Pannonian Avars
125:
63:Sasanian Empire
17:
12:
11:
5:
4173:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4008:
4003:
3992:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3882:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3715:
3710:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3562:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3465:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3426:
3414:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3352:
3350:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2832:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2783:
2769:
2746:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2687:
2681:
2631:
2625:
2610:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2505:
2477:
2416:
2378:
2345:
2334:
2314:
2247:
2222:
2189:(1): 124–131,
2171:
2140:(6): 515–526.
2118:
2077:
2046:(5): 637–645.
2024:
1973:
1907:
1775:
1744:(5): e105090.
1719:
1680:(8): e105090.
1655:
1643:
1641:, p. 227.
1631:
1629:, p. 226.
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1578:, p. 216.
1568:
1528:
1509:
1487:
1468:
1466:, p. 221.
1456:
1447:, p. 7–9.
1437:
1425:
1406:
1394:
1392:, p. 217.
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1284:10.2307/147879
1278:(4): 378–390.
1259:
1257:, p. 229.
1247:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1189:
1167:
1165:, p. 208.
1155:
1134:
1123:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1074:, p. 207.
1061:
1059:, p. 113.
1049:
1030:(3): 231–236.
1009:
996:
989:
969:
957:
941:
939:
936:
933:
932:
922:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
892:
889:
868:archaeogenetic
791:Eastern Europe
750:
747:
709:, cultivating
668:Prague-Korchak
658:
655:
593:
592:
581:
544:In all of the
542:
527:
516:Dacia Ripensis
512:
485:
475:
440:
425:
395:Johannes Koder
354: 582–602
333:wars with the
319: 565–574
292:Danubian Limes
280: 527–565
260: 518–527
218:
215:
199:Danubian Limes
169:Attila the Hun
149:Roman Imperial
124:
121:
67:Avar Khaganate
36:language shift
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4172:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4102:= supposedly
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4077:
4076:Praedenecenti
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:Union of the
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3839:Slovak tribes
3836:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Polish tribes
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2827:9781501729409
2823:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2727:9789004248380
2723:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2706:0-472-08149-7
2702:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2682:9780884020219
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2643:Bernard Lewis
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2626:9780415465304
2622:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2605:9781139428880
2601:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2584:9781848846128
2580:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2413:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2097:(5): 406–14.
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1519:, p. 13.
1518:
1517:Kazanski 2020
1513:
1505:
1499:
1498:Kazanski 2020
1494:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1476:Kazanski 2020
1472:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1445:Kazanski 2020
1441:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:Kazanski 2020
1410:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1245:, p. 83.
1244:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1199:, p. 86.
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:, p. 12.
1179:
1178:Kazanski 2020
1174:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1124:9781400829941
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1098:, p. 82.
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1007:. 69: 77–112.
1006:
1000:
992:
986:
982:
981:
973:
966:
961:
955:, p. 84.
954:
949:
947:
942:
927:
923:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
888:
886:
885:
879:
875:
874:
869:
864:
862:
858:
853:
849:
846:
842:
836:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:
755:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
654:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:
509:Praedenecenti
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:
409:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
274:
269:
265:
254:
250:
246:
242:
233:
228:
224:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:who had been
138:
134:
130:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:Slavic tribes
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
47:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4096:
4051:Diokletlians
4000:Carantanians
3996:Alpine Slavs
3944:Drougoubitai
3683:Czech tribes
2990:Bolokhovians
2873:
2862:
2842:
2837:
2816:
2792:
2788:
2751:
2742:
2716:
2695:
2663:
2615:
2594:
2573:
2551:. Retrieved
2527:
2521:
2496:. Retrieved
2491:ScienceDaily
2489:
2480:
2437:
2433:
2419:
2410:
2403:, retrieved
2391:
2381:
2372:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2339:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2266:
2260:
2250:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2137:
2131:
2121:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2043:
2037:
2027:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1931:
1925:
1901:
1863:
1859:
1805:
1799:
1787:
1778:
1741:
1737:PLOS Biology
1735:
1677:
1671:
1646:
1634:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1512:
1471:
1459:
1440:
1428:
1416:, p. 8.
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1250:
1223:
1211:
1192:
1158:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1113:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1057:Dvornik 1962
1052:
1027:
1023:
1012:
1004:
999:
979:
972:
960:
926:
882:
871:
865:
837:
761:
711:proso millet
699:
691:Lake Balaton
680:
660:
637:
619:
617:
605:Roman Church
594:
550:Drougoubitai
478:Praevalitana
448:White Croats
422:Carantanians
403:
388:
386:
300:Lower Danube
266:of 511–518.
238:
176:
126:
110:
97:towards the
69:against the
52:
38:to and from
18:
4104:Finno-Ugric
4071:Branichevci
4036:Zachlumians
3969:Belegezites
3917: [
3904:Strymonites
3873:South Slavs
3850: [
3820: [
3808: [
3796: [
3779: [
3767: [
3745: [
3733: [
3721: [
3704: [
3668:White Serbs
3650: [
3638: [
3626: [
3614: [
3602: [
3585: [
3573: [
3556: [
3511: [
3471: [
3459: [
3432: [
3420: [
3403: [
3391: [
3378:Tollensians
3359: [
3286: [
3265:Slovincians
3242:Pomeranians
3224: [
3212: [
3200: [
3168: [
3083: [
3042: [
3034:Dregoviches
2976: [
2553:December 8,
2498:December 8,
2405:10 December
1934:(9): 6, 7.
1366:Vedriš 2015
1343:(1): 33–53.
812:South Slavs
723:viticulture
717:, but also
707:agriculture
657:Archaeology
570:Belegezites
539:Strymonites
468:Travunijans
464:Zachlumians
420:(including
343:Peloponnese
273:Justinian I
207:Early Slavs
187:Justinian I
127:Before the
4129:Categories
4041:Travunians
4031:Narentines
3979:Rhynchinoi
3964:Baiounitai
3817:Lupiglians
3805:Domazhlici
3776:Sedlichans
3730:Litomerici
3635:Neletiches
3565:Glomatians
3400:Neletyches
3388:Morzyczans
3373:Kessinians
3368:Circipania
3305:Dadosesani
3250:Kashubians
3187:Sieradzans
3134:West Slavs
3017:Volhynians
2931:East Slavs
2667:. London:
1651:Sedov 2013
1639:Sedov 2013
1627:Sedov 2013
1612:Sedov 2013
1600:Sedov 2013
1588:Koder 2020
1576:Sedov 2013
1464:Sedov 2013
1433:Sedov 2013
1402:Sedov 2013
1390:Sedov 2013
1378:Koder 2020
1354:Sedov 2013
1317:Sedov 2013
1305:Sedov 2013
1255:Sedov 2013
1243:Koder 2020
1228:Sedov 2013
1216:Sedov 2013
1197:Curta 2001
1163:Sedov 2013
1096:Koder 2020
1084:Sedov 2013
1072:Sedov 2013
965:Sedov 2013
953:Koder 2020
938:References
824:West Slavs
820:East Slavs
818:than with
808:Hungarians
800:Bulgarians
695:Yugoslavia
670:and Antae
638:Sklavinias
621:Sklavinias
566:Baiounitai
562:Rhynchinoi
501:Braničevci
460:Narentines
390:demokratia
366:Viminacium
304:Podunavlje
161:Langobards
145:Hellenized
123:Background
112:Sklavinias
101:up to the
4066:Timochans
4046:Kanalites
4026:Guduscani
3959:Sagudates
3936:Macedonia
3829:Znetalici
3754:Moravians
3611:Zhirmunts
3582:Lusatians
3570:Koledices
3545:Lusatians
3535:Polabians
3520:Smeldingi
3493:Bethenici
3485:Obotrites
3417:Redariers
3325:Silesians
3310:Golensizi
3283:Bezunzans
3260:Wolinians
3197:Kujawians
3192:Vistulans
3177:Masovians
3165:Lubuszans
3075:Polochans
3039:Narevyans
3024:Drevlians
2973:Don Slavs
2953:Severians
2948:Radimichs
2779:218997565
2737:(2020). "
2720:. Brill.
2693:(1991) .
2472:251844202
2394:, Brill,
2273:: 16569.
2269:(16569).
1830:0036-8075
1555:: 76–89.
1130:identity.
832:admixture
804:Romanians
764:autosomal
743:shepherds
683:artifacts
601:Dark Ages
558:Sagudates
524:Severians
482:Diocleans
472:Kanalites
452:Guduscani
431:were the
401:origin.
399:toponymic
356:) in his
312:Justin II
296:barbarian
284:Illyricum
268:Procopius
195:Pannonian
178:foederati
157:Bastarnae
141:Romanized
137:Thracians
133:Illyrians
103:Black Sea
83:Byzantine
24:migrating
4061:Moravens
3954:Melingoi
3949:Ezeritai
3914:Milcovci
3899:Smolyani
3847:Nitrians
3764:Pshovans
3759:Merehani
3647:Nizhices
3623:Zhitices
3553:Khutices
3441:Sprevane
3295:Bobrzans
3255:Prissani
3221:Thafnezi
3209:Wiercans
3160:Lendians
3106:Slovenes
3098:Smolensk
3070:Krivichs
2985:Zeriuani
2968:Vyatichi
2958:Tivertsi
2657:(1962).
2547:10752003
2464:36007020
2455:10019558
2412:lineages
2305:31719606
2213:24667786
2162:34621779
2154:23879710
2113:17364156
2072:28272534
2019:30510563
1968:26332464
1927:PLOS One
1898:24531965
1848:24531965
1770:23667324
1714:25148043
1673:PLOS One
1539:(2023).
1332:(2013).
1111:(2009).
891:See also
787:Bulgaria
749:Genetics
729:, using
597:paganism
585:Anatolia
578:Ezeritai
574:Melingoi
535:Smolyani
505:Timočani
497:Merehani
493:Dardania
444:Dalmatia
429:Pannonia
416:was the
253:Justin I
245:Sclaveni
243:and the
227:Sclaveni
171:and the
95:Adriatic
65:and the
4111:Silings
3974:Berziti
3909:Moratsi
3859:Slovaks
3788:Zlicans
3742:Luchans
3701:Dechans
3659:Nishans
3599:Suslowi
3594:Milceni
3530:Warnabi
3498:Drevani
3468:Zemcici
3456:Zamcici
3446:Hevelli
3429:Rechans
3356:Brizans
3320:Selpoli
3315:Opolans
3155:Goplans
3080:Pskov's
3029:Polans
3012:Buzhans
3000:Dulebes
2745:. BRILL
2661:(ed.).
2565:Sources
2434:Science
2310:groups.
2296:6851379
2275:Bibcode
2204:4266736
2063:5437898
2010:6252347
1993:: 551.
1959:4558026
1936:Bibcode
1889:4209567
1868:Bibcode
1860:Science
1839:4209567
1810:Bibcode
1801:Science
1761:3646727
1705:4141785
1682:Bibcode
1032:Bibcode
902:Bulgars
873:Science
866:A 2022
857:Ukraine
841:Dnieper
783:Romania
651:Albania
634:Thracia
626:Francia
554:Berziti
414:Noricum
362:Sirmium
347:Maurice
339:Balkans
331:602–628
327:572–591
217:History
107:Balkans
4106:tribes
4021:Croats
3932:Greece
3718:Lemuzi
3696:Czechs
3508:Reregs
3503:Linons
3451:Ukrani
3412:Rujani
3383:Doxani
3348:Lutici
3344:Veleti
3182:Polans
3116:Muroma
2963:Ulichs
2881:
2849:
2824:
2803:
2777:
2767:
2724:
2703:
2679:
2623:
2602:
2581:
2544:
2470:
2462:
2452:
2332:
2303:
2293:
2211:
2201:
2160:
2152:
2111:
2070:
2060:
2017:
2007:
1966:
1956:
1896:
1886:
1846:
1836:
1828:
1768:
1758:
1712:
1702:
1292:147879
1290:
1121:
987:
828:Gagauz
816:Greeks
806:, and
795:Hunnic
779:Poland
731:horses
687:Gepids
489:Moesia
470:, and
435:(with
378:Salona
288:Thrace
153:Heruli
99:Aegean
91:Danube
40:Slavic
22:began
4097:Notes
4056:Serbs
3921:]
3854:]
3824:]
3812:]
3800:]
3793:Hbans
3783:]
3771:]
3749:]
3737:]
3725:]
3708:]
3664:Sorbs
3654:]
3642:]
3630:]
3618:]
3606:]
3589:]
3577:]
3560:]
3525:Wagri
3515:]
3475:]
3463:]
3436:]
3424:]
3407:]
3395:]
3363:]
3290:]
3228:]
3216:]
3204:]
3172:]
3111:Merya
3087:]
3046:]
2980:]
2841:[
2791:[
2775:S2CID
2468:S2CID
2430:(PDF)
2361:(1),
2236:[
2158:S2CID
1337:(PDF)
1288:JSTOR
918:Notes
739:goats
715:wheat
630:Dacia
533:were
456:Serbs
450:(and
241:Antae
223:Antae
173:Goths
165:Sciri
20:Slavs
3934:and
3346:and
3092:Tver
2879:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2822:ISBN
2801:ISBN
2765:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2677:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2579:ISBN
2555:2023
2523:Cell
2500:2023
2460:PMID
2407:2020
2330:ISBN
2301:PMID
2209:PMID
2150:PMID
2109:PMID
2068:PMID
2015:PMID
1964:PMID
1894:PMID
1844:PMID
1826:ISSN
1766:PMID
1710:PMID
1523:help
1504:help
1482:help
1451:help
1420:help
1203:help
1184:help
1119:ISBN
985:ISBN
884:Cell
859:and
850:and
822:and
781:and
737:and
735:oxen
719:flax
636:the
632:and
607:and
576:and
537:and
522:and
507:and
491:and
376:and
341:and
329:and
286:and
249:Huns
225:and
197:and
163:and
143:and
135:and
89:and
87:Sava
3930:in
2757:doi
2741:".
2542:PMC
2532:doi
2528:186
2450:PMC
2442:doi
2438:377
2396:doi
2363:doi
2291:PMC
2283:doi
2199:PMC
2191:doi
2142:doi
2099:doi
2058:PMC
2048:doi
2005:PMC
1995:doi
1954:PMC
1944:doi
1884:PMC
1876:doi
1864:343
1834:PMC
1818:doi
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1756:PMC
1746:doi
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1280:doi
1040:doi
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767:IBD
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