178:
3138:
3424:– voted to end slavery at a constitutional convention on March 10, 1864. Arkansas, part of which came under Union control by 1864, adopted an anti-slavery constitution on March 16, 1864. Louisiana – much of which had been under Union control since 1862 – abolished slavery through a new state constitution approved by voters September 5, 1864. The border states of Maryland (November 1, 1864) and Missouri (January 11, 1865) abolished slavery before the war's end. The Union-occupied state of Tennessee abolished slavery by popular vote on a constitutional amendment that took effect February 22, 1865.
2990:
2243:
40:
6378:
6368:
2741:
2267:
2165:
2120:
1925:
1908:
3111:, while Willey proposed a compromise amendment to the state constitution for gradual abolition. Sumner attempted to add his own amendment to the bill, which was defeated, and the statehood bill passed both houses of Congress with the addition of what became known as the Willey Amendment. President Lincoln signed the bill on December 31, 1862. Voters in western Virginia approved the Willey Amendment on March 26, 1863.
6388:
3134:. The slaves in Berkeley were also under exemption but not those in Jefferson County. As of the census of 1860, the 49 exempted counties held some 6000 slaves over 21 years of age who would not have been emancipated, about 40% of the total slave population. The terms of the Willey Amendment only freed children, at birth or as they came of age, and prohibited the importation of slaves.
2341:, California was admitted as a free state without a slave state being admitted; California's admission also meant there would be no slave state on the Pacific coast. To avoid creating a free state majority in the Senate, California agreed to send one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery senator to Congress.
2046:. By 1804 (including New York (1799) and New Jersey (1804)), all of the Northern states had abolished slavery or set measures in place to gradually abolish it, although there were still hundreds of ex-slaves working without pay as indentured servants in Northern states as late as the 1840 census (see
3621:, a considerable number of colonists felt that the time had come to end slavery and give the free Negroes some fruits of liberty. This sentiment, added to economic considerations, led to the immediate or gradual abolition of slavery in six Northern states, while there was a swelling flood of private
2132:
In the late 1850s, an unsuccessful campaign was launched by several southern states to resume the international slave trade, to restock their slave populations, but this met with strong opposition. However, there was a large natural increase in the slave population throughout the late 18th and 19th
3412:
West
Virginia did not abolish slavery in its first proposed constitution of 1861, though it did ban the importation of slaves. In 1863, voters approved the Willey Amendment, which provided for gradual abolition of slavery, with the last enslaved people scheduled to be freed in 1884. On February 3,
2262:
by free states, the Senate became the preoccupation of slave-state politicians interested in maintaining a congressional veto over federal policy with regard to slavery and other issues important to the South. As a result of this preoccupation, slave states and free states were often admitted into
3017:
of
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri – all slave states – remained in the Union, although Kentucky and Missouri also had competing Confederate state governments. In 1863 western Virginia, much of which had remained loyal to the Union, was admitted as the new
71:
was one in which they were prohibited. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered by the slave states to be politically imperative that the number of free states not exceed the number of slave states, so new states were admitted in slave–free pairs. There were, nonetheless, some slaves in most free
3341:
allowed the indenture of Native
Californians. This law provided for apprenticing or indenturing Indian children to Whites, and also punished vagrant Indians by hiring them out to the highest bidder at a public auction if the Indian could not provide sufficient bond or bail. The new settlers took
3625:
in the South. Little actual gain was made by the free Negro even in this period, and by the turn of the century the downward trend had begun again. Thereafter the only important change in that trend before the Civil War was that after 1831 the decline in the status of the free Negro became more
4322:", Today in History, Library of Congress, viewed December 15, 2014. On April 16, 1862, Lincoln signed a congressional act abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia with compensation for slave owners, five months before the victory at Antietam led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
3270:), Alexandria County, D.C., requested that it be returned to Virginia, where the slave trade was legal; this took place in 1847. Slavery in the District of Columbia remained legal until 1862, when Southern members of Congress resigned, enabling those remaining to pass the ban, which
2446:
from
Missouri. The animosity escalated throughout the 1850s, culminating in numerous skirmishes and devastation on both sides of the question. Nevertheless, the North prevented Kansas Territory from becoming a slave state, and when Southern members of Congress departed
3431:
abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime, on
December 18, 1865, ending the distinction between slave and free states. As such, slavery in the United States technically existed longer in the North than in the South.
4041:
Involuntary labor by negroes is recognized by custom; those holding slaves keep them as part of their family, as they would their wives, without any law on the subject. Negro caste springs naturally from their doctrine of blacks being ineligible to the
1676:
2127:
of 1820, trading the admission of
Missouri (a slave state) for Maine (a free state), drew a line extending west from Missouri's southern border, which was intended to divide any new territory into slave (south of the line) and free (north of the
3364:
At the start of the Civil War, there were 34 states in the United States, 15 of which were slave states. Eleven of these slave states, after conventions devoted to the topic, issued declarations of secession from the United States, created the
3091:, presented a statehood bill to Congress to create a new state from 48 counties in western Virginia. The new state would eventually incorporate 50 counties. The issue of slavery in the new state delayed approval of the bill. In the Senate
3404:
declared all enslaved people in areas then under
Confederate control free, but, in practice, freedom required either slaves reaching Union lines or Union forces reaching their area. As Union forces advanced from January 1, 1863, to
4031:
The
Mormons: Or, Latter-day Saints, in the Valley of the Great Salt Lake: a History of Their Rise and Progress, Peculiar Doctrines, Present Condition, and Prospects, Derived from Personal Observation, During a Residence Among
1911:
During the
American Revolution (1775–1783) some of the 13 British colonies seeking independence to become states began to abolish slavery. The U.S. Constitution ratified in 1789, left the matter in the hands of each
2291:
north of latitude 36° 30', which described most of
Missouri's southern border, would, except for Missouri, become free states, and territory south of that line would become slave states. As part of the compromise,
3381:
was issued in 1863, Tennessee was already under Union control. Accordingly, the Proclamation applied only in the 10 remaining Confederate states. During the war, abolition of slavery was required by President
2349:
The difficulty of identifying territory that could be organized into additional slave states stalled the process of opening the western territories to settlement. Slave-state politicians made efforts to annex
88:, provided that a slave did not become free by entering a free state and must be returned to their owner. Enforcement of these laws became one of the controversies which arose between slave and free states.
5138:
3245:
West Virginia became the 35th state on June 20, 1863, and the last slave state admitted to the Union. Eighteen months later, the West Virginia legislature completely abolished slavery, and also ratified the
2470:. The date ranges in the Abolition column for Free States indicate when gradual abolition laws were adopted and when slavery finally ended, except for states where slavery was outlawed in a specific year.
4274:
4975:
1671:
2042:
had limited slavery in 1777, while it was still independent before it joined the United States as the 14th state in 1791. These state jurisdictions thus enacted the first abolition laws in the
4356:
2744:
By the eve of the Civil War in mid-1861, with the addition of Oregon (1859) and Kansas (1861), the number of free states had grown to 19 while the number of slave states remained at 15.
2412:), whether they would allow slavery within each territory. The result was that pro- and anti-slavery elements flooded into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, leading to
2466:
The following table shows the balance between slave and free states that began in 1812. The Statehood columns provide the year the state either ratified the U.S. Constitution or was
5095:
4722:
4990:
5425:
4925:
4880:
4795:
5430:
5420:
4835:
4800:
2246:
By 1845, with Texas and Florida in the Union as slave states, slave states once again outnumbered the free states for a year until Iowa was admitted as a free state in 1846.
2168:
With the statehood of Arkansas in 1836, the number of slave states grew to 13, but the statehood of Michigan in 1837 maintained the balance between slave and free states.
5460:
3099:
defended statehood as long as a gradual emancipation clause would be included in the new state constitution. Two senators represented the Unionist Virginia government,
1797:
2254:, where each state was represented by two senators. With an equal number of slave states and free states, the Senate was equally divided on issues important to the
5373:
3427:
However, slavery legally persisted in Delaware, Kentucky, and (to a very limited extent, due to a trade ban but continued gradual abolition) New Jersey, until the
4389:
2997:
states, including those admitted during the war; light blue represents border states, some of which had both Confederate and Unionist governments; red represents
5892:
5872:
5614:
5368:
5212:
5155:
3428:
3247:
3231:
2113:
1661:
1192:
143:
5877:
5857:
5847:
4715:
2895:
California was admitted as a free state in 1850 without an accompanying slave state, though certain concessions were made to the slave states as part of the
5887:
5882:
5867:
5862:
5852:
5842:
5065:
1932:
1898:
1546:
918:
655:
5050:
3283:
1282:
923:
4473:
2065:(1796). By 1804, before the creation of new states from the federal western territories, the number of slave and free states was 8 each. By the time of
6427:
6417:
5217:
5080:
2323:
4437:
6437:
3393:, after the departure of the powerful Southern contingent in 1861, was generally abolitionist: In a plan endorsed by Abraham Lincoln, slavery in the
3291:
3126:) as well as some territories occupied by Union forces within Confederate states. Two additional counties were added to West Virginia in late 1863,
2899:. Three more free states were admitted in the final years before the Civil War, disrupting the balance that the slave states had tried to maintain.
6279:
5975:
5676:
5344:
5308:
5143:
4708:
3471:
3338:
2097:
615:
6412:
5133:
2454:
When the admission of Minnesota proceeded unimpeded in 1858, the balance in the Senate ended; this was compounded by the subsequent admission of
4153:
3342:
10,000 to 27,000 California Native Americans as forced laborers, including 4,000 to 7,000 children. In April 1863, after the declaration of the
6422:
5450:
4593:
3355:
1960:
970:
4333:
3162: Gradual emancipation in New York (starting 1799, completed 1827) and New Jersey (starting 1804, completed by Thirteenth Amendment, 1865)
103:
started to abolish the practice. Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1780, and about half of the states had abolished slavery by the end of the
6391:
5520:
5100:
3892:
5110:
5085:
4678:
4646:
3995:
1666:
1516:
2748:
From 1812 through 1850, maintaining the balance of free and slave state votes in the Senate was considered of paramount importance if the
5565:
5288:
4242:
declarations of secession, and Virginia's excluded Unionist county votes and included Confederate troops in Richmond voting as regiments
997:
6027:
5915:
5607:
5278:
5006:
4790:
1743:
495:
3618:
2085:
2047:
1980:
1902:
945:
115:
in 1777 and thus not being one of the Thirteen Colonies — banned slavery in the same year, before being admitted as a state in 1791.
2250:
The potential for political conflict over slavery at the federal level made politicians concerned about the balance of power in the
5242:
3320:
2409:
2156:
slave populations. Slave states had wanted 100% of their slaves to be counted, whereas Northern states argued that none should be.
1716:
1536:
709:
2227:
By 1815, the momentum for antislavery reform appeared to run out of steam, with half the states having already abolished slavery (
6017:
5671:
5150:
5070:
1874:
1951:
were also sold into slavery, the vast majority of the enslaved population consisted of Africans brought to the Americas via the
4560:
2331:
2259:
2145:
980:
398:
6121:
2387:
2104:, but in a compromise, the prohibition could be lifted by Congress in 20 years, and slaves were referred to as "Persons." The
6442:
6381:
5600:
5560:
5510:
5323:
4510:
4295:
3598:
3456:
2105:
1558:
1235:
1007:
92:
3965:
3935:
6371:
5664:
5623:
5470:
5313:
4940:
4905:
2015:
1750:
1711:
1354:
43:
An animation showing the free/slave status of U.S. states and territories, 1789–1861 (see separate yearly maps below). The
4502:
Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session, Thirty-ninth Congress: Resolutions, committees, etc
4117:
5515:
5465:
5455:
5160:
5025:
4980:
4885:
4845:
1792:
1429:
1089:
940:
736:
645:
6144:
5393:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4910:
4397:
3567:
3441:
3374:
3119:
3014:
2258:. As the population of the free states began to outstrip the population of the slave states, leading to control of the
1948:
1812:
1506:
1260:
2108:
passed easily in 1807 and took effect on January 1, 1808. However, the ban on importation spurred an expansion in the
5505:
5222:
5185:
4860:
4775:
4259:
4223:
3499:
3271:
3259:
2998:
2089:
2011:
1972:
1634:
1511:
935:
704:
571:
131:
119:
77:
6116:
5654:
5165:
5075:
4895:
4890:
4765:
3446:
2109:
1765:
975:
960:
906:
591:
581:
576:
405:
261:
3530:
1481:
6003:
5998:
5988:
5831:
5525:
4985:
4950:
4855:
4830:
4498:
4368:
3789:
3420:– the Unionist government that governed the limited territory then under Union control that had not left to form
3417:
3131:
3084:
2270:
By 1858, 17 free states, which included California (1850), and Minnesota (1858), outnumbered the 15 slave states.
2149:
1760:
1531:
337:
107:
or in the first decades of the new country, although this did not always mean that existing slaves became free.
6106:
5906:
5170:
4970:
4920:
4900:
4875:
4865:
4850:
4840:
4825:
4805:
4780:
4770:
4760:
4570:
3127:
2228:
1230:
1218:
798:
610:
256:
134:
in 1861. Just before the Civil War, there were 19 free states and 15 slave states. The most recent free state,
2424:, but the admission of Kansas as a slave state was blocked because its proposed pro-slavery constitution (the
6151:
5704:
5378:
5257:
5252:
4965:
4870:
4810:
4785:
4755:
4745:
4477:
3813:
3366:
3346:, the California legislature abolished all forms of legal indenture and apprenticeship for Native Americans.
3010:
1992:
1802:
1585:
446:
2096:, Article 4, section 2, clause 3, for example, refers to a "Person held to Service or Labour." In addition,
6101:
5796:
5530:
5383:
5128:
5105:
5042:
4820:
4750:
4731:
4177:"Free State Slavery: Bound Indian Labor and Slave Trafficking in California's Sacramento Valley, 1850–1864"
3461:
3400:
In Southern states, freedom for slaves typically followed the Union army's gaining control of an area. The
1807:
1651:
1521:
1182:
930:
490:
458:
64:
4620:
177:
6432:
6269:
5744:
5575:
5408:
5195:
4955:
4647:"Kentucky supported Lincoln's efforts to abolish slavery – 111 years late | Lexington Herald-Leader"
3798:
3370:
1867:
1817:
1541:
1459:
586:
367:
187:
17:
6348:
6311:
6306:
6294:
6139:
5786:
5482:
5413:
5403:
5349:
5318:
5283:
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4960:
4915:
4815:
3332:
3323:
platform, President Lincoln signed the law ending slavery in Utah Territory and all other territories.
3287:
3123:
2994:
2197:
1940:
1726:
1578:
1563:
1454:
650:
320:
104:
85:
81:
31:
5818:
5813:
5779:
5774:
5686:
5535:
5388:
4451:
4161:
3401:
3378:
3343:
3197:
3115:
2497:
2482:
2134:
1822:
1721:
1252:
1240:
830:
803:
308:
3137:
2092:. As a compromise, slavery was acknowledged but never mentioned explicitly in the Constitution. The
5769:
5329:
3719:
Michael A. Morrison, "Westward the Curse of Empire: Texas Annexation and the American Whig Party".
3617:(1965), p. 15. "By 1775, inspired by those 'self-evident' truths which were to be expressed by the
3305:
2319:
2263:
the Union in opposite pairs to maintain the existing Senate balance between slave and free states.
2000:
1602:
1471:
1024:
813:
298:
199:
112:
6066:
3900:
2322:, created further north–south conflict. Although the settled portion of Texas was an area rich in
2235:), or committed to eliminating it, and half committed to continuing the institution indefinitely (
478:
118:
Slavery was a divisive issue in the United States. It was a major issue during the writing of the
5948:
5355:
5298:
3643:
3373:. The slave states that stayed in the Union – Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky (called
3088:
2405:
2141:
1787:
1526:
1476:
1404:
1177:
955:
899:
882:
313:
4003:
3262:, formed with land from two slave states, Maryland and Virginia, the trade was abolished by the
2200:
veterans granted land there. The 6 states created from the territory were all free states:
6316:
6289:
6213:
6096:
5803:
5398:
5362:
5020:
4654:
4025:
3390:
2467:
2425:
2255:
2236:
1916:, and with federal jurisdiction in the territories asserted by Congress, particularly with the
1860:
1829:
1334:
1075:
987:
835:
559:
525:
520:
3842:
6254:
6249:
6111:
5953:
5928:
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5752:
5303:
5293:
5207:
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3590:
3584:
3559:
3313:
3267:
2989:
2093:
1696:
1551:
1464:
1449:
1131:
1119:
865:
850:
635:
410:
332:
303:
73:
4687:
The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government's Relations to Slavery
4499:
United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Reconstruction; United States. Congress (1866).
47:
began in 1861. The 13th Amendment, effective December 6, 1865, abolished slavery in the U.S.
6299:
6274:
5923:
5555:
5190:
5055:
3635:
3394:
2531:
2434:
2251:
2189:
2101:
1952:
1834:
1738:
1701:
1629:
1573:
1442:
1399:
1213:
1143:
818:
598:
500:
384:
291:
4036:
2390:; and I want them all for the same reason – for the plantation and spreading of slavery".
8:
6091:
6046:
6041:
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4200:
3169:
3153:
2284:
2181:
2173:
2124:
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1976:
1968:
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and South America, leading to a rapid increase in population in the decades prior to the
1917:
1322:
1302:
1187:
1172:
1041:
1012:
1002:
892:
840:
808:
605:
463:
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379:
236:
142:
over slavery. During the war, slavery was abolished in some of the slave states, and the
123:
100:
4056:
3656:
3554:
Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present
3492:
Creating Black Americans: African-American history and its meanings, 1619 to the present
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6051:
5993:
5963:
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5719:
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3702:
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3266:. So as to avoid losing the profitable slave trading businesses in Alexandria (one was
3263:
3006:
2896:
2338:
2288:
1944:
1568:
1414:
1389:
1379:
1344:
1339:
1307:
1272:
1265:
1206:
1199:
1056:
875:
870:
860:
630:
483:
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436:
389:
357:
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284:
127:
44:
4216:
The Historical Atlas of the Congresses of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865
3240: Territory incorporated into the US after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment
2383:
505:
451:
6208:
6198:
6036:
5938:
5729:
5724:
5714:
4684:
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4219:
3706:
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3505:
3495:
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1936:
1656:
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362:
241:
96:
6071:
6056:
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4188:
4090:
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3009:(1861–1865) disrupted and eventually ended slavery. Eleven slave states joined the
2648:
2428:) had not been approved in an honest election. Anti-slavery proponents during the "
2359:
2355:
2311:
2070:
1963:, the enslaved population in the colonies had a higher life expectancy than in the
1956:
1846:
1424:
1419:
1409:
1384:
1349:
1317:
1287:
1160:
1148:
1126:
1104:
1051:
887:
855:
157:
2408:, which allowed white male settlers in the new territories to determine, by vote (
6284:
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6081:
5943:
5933:
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5262:
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3100:
2749:
2429:
2413:
2399:
2375:
2371:
2327:
2315:
2153:
2088:
debated slavery, and for a time slavery was a major impediment to passage of the
1755:
1646:
1641:
1394:
1364:
1359:
1082:
1046:
845:
763:
468:
214:
139:
4102:
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United States Census Bureau (1850). "5. Slave Population of the United States".
3107:. Senator Carlile objected that Congress had no right to impose emancipation on
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4700:
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2635:
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2443:
2367:
2305:
2062:
2043:
1996:
1839:
1733:
625:
266:
224:
4695:
Slavery in the United States: A social, political, and historical encyclopedia
4192:
4094:
6406:
6353:
6076:
5487:
5237:
5180:
4305:
3735:
Michael E. Woods, "The Compromise of 1850 and the Search for a Usable Past."
3421:
3297:
3178: Effective abolition of slavery by Mexican or joint US/British authority
3108:
3096:
3048:
3019:
2622:
2596:
2451:
in early 1861, Kansas was immediately admitted to the Union as a free state.
2027:
2023:
1988:
1928:
In the early years of the United States, a north-south divide became evident.
1777:
1706:
1153:
1136:
911:
741:
731:
515:
165:
52:
4520:
4176:
3830:
Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865
3509:
2069:
of 1820, the dividing line between the slave and free states was called the
91:
Slavery, in what would become the United States, was established as part of
6341:
6264:
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2674:
2544:
2035:
2019:
1782:
1619:
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689:
667:
554:
271:
251:
229:
219:
209:
204:
194:
4411:
3698:
3682:
3146: Abolition of slavery during or shortly after the American Revolution
2242:
1034:
39:
6336:
5791:
5339:
5232:
5227:
4534:
4357:
West Virginia Legislature, House Concurrent Resolution 49, March 15, 2021
4239:
3812:
United States Census Bureau (1968). Cummings, John; Adna, Joseph (eds.).
3622:
3377:) – retained their representatives in the U.S. Congress. By the time the
2774:
2570:
2193:
2140:
One of the other compromises of the Constitution was the creation of the
2031:
2007:
1987:
or enslaved, in the colonies. Despite this, thousands of black Americans
1964:
1624:
1612:
965:
768:
758:
716:
530:
2133:
centuries, while some illegal smuggling of African slaves continued via
2112:, which remained legal until slavery was banned entirely in 1865 by the
6321:
6244:
5644:
5540:
4452:"Archives of Maryland Historical List: Constitutional Convention, 1864"
4244:
3724:
3522:
3406:
3359:
2518:
2379:
2185:
2078:
1984:
1913:
1772:
1069:
773:
640:
60:
30:"Slave state" redirects here. It may also refer to the kingdoms of the
5476:
3683:"Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819–1821 by John R. Van Atta"
3397:, which the Southern contingent had protected, was abolished in 1862.
3001:
states. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War.
6331:
6156:
2941:
2884:
2713:
2687:
2421:
2363:
2221:
2217:
2058:
1017:
682:
544:
4238:
Only Virginia, Tennessee and Texas held referendums to ratify their
3640:
The Road to Disunion, Volume II: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861
699:
4412:"Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation"
3451:
3206: Subsequent operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863
2844:
2834:
2814:
2804:
2752:
were to be preserved, and states were typically admitted in pairs:
2740:
2661:
2609:
2557:
2505:
2280:
2266:
2213:
2209:
2164:
2119:
2074:
2054:
1924:
1907:
1607:
1165:
1109:
1061:
721:
566:
421:
327:
3776:
The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780–1860
2014:
demanding freedom. 5 Northern states adopted policies to at least
4275:
Eleven states had seceded, but Tennessee was under Union control.
3337:
While California's state constitution outlawed slavery, the 1850
2854:
2794:
2784:
2700:
2370:, 1856–57), with intentions to create new slave states. Parts of
2232:
2205:
1590:
672:
352:
169:
147:
108:
3312:
was Mexican territory. They ignored the Mexican ban on slavery.
5983:
3301:
3212: Abolition of slavery by state action during the Civil War
3141:
Abolition of slavery in the various states of the US over time:
3062:
3023:
2973:
2957:
2455:
2417:
2404:
In 1854, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was superseded by the
2144:
by which slave states acquired increased representation in the
1292:
1114:
694:
677:
539:
374:
342:
135:
4252:
Virginia: The New Dominion, a History from 1607 to the Present
3022:
with a commitment to gradual emancipation. The following year
6161:
5096:
Slave labor on United States military installations 1799–1863
4565:. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. p. 180.
4140:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
2874:
2824:
2293:
1983:
stood in contrast to the status of most black people, either
549:
535:
510:
4390:"Education from LVA: Convention Resolved to Abolish Slavery"
4081:
Magliari, Michael (August 2004). "Free Soil, Unfree Labor".
3765:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2006, ch. 1.
2326:
and dependent on slave labor, the territory acquired in the
3811:
3787:
2864:
2726:
2351:
2201:
416:
246:
27:
Historical division of United States by legality of slavery
4492:
3413:
1865, the state legislature approved immediate abolition.
3184: Exclusion of slavery by Congressional action, 1861
3118:
on January 1, 1863, which exempted from emancipation the
2993:
Division of states during the Civil War. Blue represents
2077:
and Pennsylvania), with its westward extension being the
1999:
the British, encouraged by offers of freedom such as the
3224: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1865
3218: Operation of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1864
3190: Abolition of slavery by Congressional action, 1862
2287:
of 1821, which specified that territory acquired in the
95:. By the 18th century, slavery was legal throughout the
3923:
Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia
3763:
Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era
2057:
was created as a slave state from Virginia (1792), and
4024:
3429:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3095:
objected to the admission of a new slave state, while
2048:
Slavery in the United States#Abolitionism in the North
1935:
was established as a legal institution in each of the
144:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
3589:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p.
3586:
The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery
3494:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 23–24.
3282:
Although it did not become a state until 1896, as an
1975:
began in the mid-18th century. The sentiments of the
5066:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
3316:
as consistent with the Mormon view on Black people.
3286:, Utah legalized slavery under the 1852 territorial
2296:, on August 19, 1821, was admitted as a free state.
2283:
should be admitted as a slave state resulted in the
2188:, which was regarded as a westward extension of the
2180:
was ratified, had prohibited slavery in the federal
1899:
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
1547:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3996:"On This Day in West Virginia History – February 3"
3489:
5081:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
3551:
2098:Article 1, section 9, clause 1 of the Constitution
4505:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 10–.
3304:pioneers had arrived in Utah in 1847, during the
3292:Act for the Relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners
2184:. The southern boundary of the territory was the
1939:, starting from 1619 onwards with the arrival of
138:, had entered the Union after its own years-long
6404:
5622:
5345:Movement to reopen the transatlantic slave trade
4730:
3815:Negro Population in the United States, 1790–1915
3472:History of slavery in the United States by state
3339:Act for the Government and Protection of Indians
2299:
1662:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
122:in 1787, the subject of political crises in the
65:slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade
5134:Slavery as a positive good in the United States
4559:Harrison, Lowell H.; Klotter, James C. (1997).
4558:
3026:, a free state in the West, was also admitted.
2006:In the 1770s, enslaved black people throughout
4089:(3). University of California Press: 349–390.
3843:"West Virginians Approve the Willey Amendment"
3356:End of slavery in the United States of America
2496:Free state immediate or gradual abolition and
1971:. Organized political and social movements to
5608:
5101:Slavery at American colleges and universities
4716:
4154:"NorCal Native Writes Of California Genocide"
2461:
1995:for a combination of reasons. Thousands also
1868:
5086:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States
4679:Bibliography of slavery in the United States
4035:. Lippincott, Grambo & Company. p.
2420:for admission as a slave state, paired with
1667:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
6122:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands
5566:Family reunification ads after emancipation
4594:"Slavery in the Middle States (NJ, NY, PA)"
4118:"California's War On Indians, 1850 to 1851"
3582:
3349:
3319:On June 19, 1862, fulfilling a part of his
2314:(1845) and the acquisition of the vast new
6367:
5615:
5601:
5279:Slavery and the United States Constitution
4723:
4709:
4145:
1979:and the promise of equality evoked by the
1875:
1861:
6428:Expansion of slavery in the United States
6418:Historical geography of the United States
4151:
4054:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3234:to the US constitution, December 18, 1865
2192:. The territory was generally settled by
6438:Electoral geography of the United States
5369:Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution
4685:Don E. Fehrenbacher and Ward M. Mcafee;
4174:
4160:. Info is in the podcast. Archived from
4132:
4080:
4018:
3750:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
3136:
2988:
2739:
2432:" period of the later 1850s were called
2265:
2241:
2163:
2118:
2100:prohibited Congress from abolishing the
1923:
1906:
1672:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1537:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1517:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
111:— having declared its independence from
38:
5071:Indentured servitude in British America
3818:. New York: Arno Press. pp. 56–57.
3752:. Oxford University Press, 2003. p. 105
3680:
3607:
3546:
3386:for readmission of Confederate states.
146:, ratified in December 1865, abolished
14:
6413:Political history of the United States
6405:
4644:
4369:"The Abolition of Slavery in Virginia"
4335:History of West Virginia: in two parts
4290:. Oxford University Press. p. 4.
4285:
4115:
3535:
3527:Slavery in Colonial America, 1619–1776
3483:
2485:, # and % of population in slaves
2416:. An effort was initiated to organize
2274:
72:states up to the 1840 census, and the
6423:Slavery in the United States by state
5596:
5511:Slavery during the American Civil War
5324:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
4704:
4331:
4320:Abolition in the District of Columbia
4055:Arrington, Benjamin (June 19, 2018).
3457:Slavery in the colonial United States
3200:as originally issued, January 1, 1863
2106:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
1559:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1236:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
6387:
3966:"African-Americans in West Virginia"
3558:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2010:began sending petitions to northern
1751:Slave marriages in the United States
1355:Human trafficking in the Middle East
6097:Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
5516:End of slavery in the United States
4621:"Legislating Slavery in New Jersey"
4218:. Simon & Schuster. p. 7.
1090:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
24:
6112:Annexation of the Indian Territory
5394:John Quincy Adams and abolitionism
4672:
4645:Kocher, Greg (February 23, 2013).
4476:. January 11, 1865. Archived from
4142:. Oxford University Press, p. 114.
4074:
3925:, Greenwood, 2011, vol. 2, p. 922.
3832:, W. W. Norton, 2012, pp. 296–297.
3442:Border states (American Civil War)
3253:
2159:
2061:was created as a slave state from
1744:last survivors of American slavery
25:
6454:
5672:Tribal domestic dependent nations
5561:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
5506:Origins of the American Civil War
5213:African American founding fathers
5156:Education during the slave period
4618:
4438:"Reconstruction: A State Divided"
4288:Reconstruction: A Concise History
3277:
3114:President Lincoln had issued the
2442:, and fought against pro-slavery
2231:), prohibited it from the start (
705:Field slaves in the United States
572:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
6386:
6377:
6376:
6366:
6117:Treaty of the Danish West Indies
5309:History of slavery by U.S. state
5076:Slave trade in the United States
3868:"University of Virginia Library"
3447:Golden Circle (proposed country)
3122:(four slave states loyal to the
3078:
3073:
2374:were also coveted, with Senator
2176:of 1787, passed just before the
1892:
582:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
577:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
406:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
176:
4638:
4612:
4586:
4552:
4527:
4466:
4444:
4430:
4404:
4382:
4361:
4350:
4325:
4312:
4279:
4268:
4232:
4207:
4168:
4109:
4057:"The Significance of June 19th"
4048:
3988:
3958:
3928:
3915:
3885:
3860:
3835:
3822:
3805:
3791:Statistics of the United States
3781:
3768:
3755:
3742:
3729:
3418:Restored Government of Virginia
2344:
1955:. Due to a lower prevalence of
1532:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1083:East, Southeast, and South Asia
132:cause of the American Civil War
5171:List of American slave traders
5051:Slavery among Native Americans
4249:
4152:Exchange Team, The Jefferson.
3713:
3674:
3657:"LIBERTY! Northwest Ordinance"
3649:
3629:
3576:
3516:
3369:, and were represented in the
3274:had been seeking for decades.
2318:territories (1848), after the
1231:Slave raiding in Easter Island
150:throughout the United States.
13:
1:
5379:George Washington and slavery
5258:American Colonization Society
5253:African-American slave owners
3721:Journal of the Early Republic
3687:Journal of the Early Republic
3477:
3367:Confederate States of America
3326:
2300:Texas and the Mexican Cession
6443:Slavery in the United States
6169:Slave states and free states
5624:Regions of the United States
5384:Thomas Jefferson and slavery
5129:American proslavery movement
5091:Slave states and free states
4732:Slavery in the United States
4474:"Missouri abolishes slavery"
4332:Lewis, Virgil Anson (1889).
3797:. Suitland-Silver Hill, MD:
3737:Journal of the Civil War Era
3490:Painter, Nell Irvin (2006).
3462:Slavery in the United States
2984:
1522:Temporary Slavery Commission
1183:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
7:
6280:International border states
5409:Abraham Lincoln and slavery
4250:Dabney, Virginius. (1983).
4214:Martis, Kenneth C. (1994).
4213:
3799:United States Census Bureau
3619:Declaration of Independence
3435:
2330:did not seem hospitable to
2152:equivalent to 60% of their
1981:Declaration of Independence
1542:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
587:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
6459:
6307:Red states and blue states
5483:Children of the plantation
5414:Andrew Johnson and slavery
5404:Zachary Taylor and slavery
5350:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
5319:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
5284:American slave court cases
5248:Amerindian slave ownership
4676:
4254:. Doubleday. p. 296.
4175:Magliari, Michael (2012).
4158:JPR Jefferson Public Radio
3353:
3333:Forced labor in California
3330:
3288:Act in Relation to Service
2630:1783–1800, Free 1857 – 0%
2462:Slave and free state pairs
2397:
2303:
2198:American Revolutionary War
1896:
1887:
1727:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1564:Anti-Slavery International
1329:North Africa and West Asia
86:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
82:Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
29:
6362:
6237:
6181:
6130:
6025:
6016:
5974:
5914:
5905:
5829:
5743:
5685:
5637:
5630:
5536:Emancipation Proclamation
5496:
5461:Sexual relations and rape
5439:
5389:James Madison and slavery
5271:
5119:
5041:
5034:
5013:
4999:
4738:
4562:A New History of Kentucky
4286:Guelzo, Allen C. (2018).
4201:10.1525/phr.2012.81.2.155
4193:10.1525/phr.2012.81.2.155
4181:Pacific Historical Review
4095:10.1525/phr.2004.73.3.349
4083:Pacific Historical Review
3936:"West Virginia Statehood"
3402:Emancipation Proclamation
3379:Emancipation Proclamation
3344:Emancipation Proclamation
3198:Emancipation Proclamation
3156:(slavery excluded), 1787
3116:Emancipation Proclamation
2458:as a free state in 1859.
2393:
2279:Controversy over whether
2086:Constitutional Convention
2016:gradually abolish slavery
1903:Abolitionism in the North
1823:Emancipation Proclamation
1495:Opposition and resistance
1253:Sex trafficking in Europe
1241:Blackbirding in Polynesia
804:Trans-Saharan slave trade
5521:Compensated emancipation
4418:. University of Maryland
4122:Native American Netroots
4116:Ojibwa (March 2, 2015).
3681:Mueller, Ken S. (2017).
3350:End of non-penal slavery
3083:During the Civil War, a
3053:(gradual abolition plan)
2260:House of Representatives
2146:House of Representatives
2001:Philipsburg Proclamation
1603:Compensated emancipation
814:Indian Ocean slave trade
80:, as implemented by the
5356:Partus sequitur ventrem
5299:Three-fifths Compromise
4697:(2 vol Abc-clio, 2007).
4625:Princeton & Slavery
4138:Pritzker, Barry. 2000,
3644:Oxford University Press
3531:excerpt and text search
2386:, and one or two other
1527:1926 Slavery Convention
1283:Germany in World War II
900:North and South America
422:Contract of manumission
5431:Supreme Court Justices
5399:John Tyler and slavery
5374:Presidents and slavery
5363:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4026:John Williams Gunnison
3242:
3002:
2745:
2426:Lecompton Constitution
2271:
2247:
2169:
2129:
1929:
1921:
1008:British Virgin Islands
560:Circassian slave trade
526:Safavid imperial harem
521:Ottoman Imperial Harem
48:
5954:Appalachian Highlands
5929:Intermontane Plateaus
5665:Minor Outlying Island
5304:Slave and free states
5294:Fugitive Slave Clause
5208:List of abolitionists
5061:Slavery in New France
4693:Rodriguez, Junius P.
4535:"Slavery in Delaware"
4164:on November 14, 2019.
3774:Leonard L. Richards,
3723:10#2 (1990): 221–249
3699:10.1353/jer.2017.0011
3409:, slaves were freed.
3268:Franklin and Armfield
3250:on February 3, 1865.
3140:
2992:
2743:
2468:admitted to the Union
2304:Further information:
2269:
2245:
2167:
2122:
2102:importation of slaves
2094:Fugitive Slave Clause
1943:enslaved Africans in
1927:
1910:
1247:Europe and North Asia
1207:Australia and Oceania
907:Pre-Columbian America
479:Slave raid of Suðuroy
411:Slavery in al-Andalus
333:Black Sea slave trade
262:21st-century jihadism
93:European colonization
74:Fugitive Slave Clause
42:
5650:District of Columbia
5330:Gag rule (1836–1840)
5191:Underground Railroad
5166:Domestic slave trade
5151:Mandatory illiteracy
5056:Slavery in New Spain
5007:District of Columbia
4416:www.freedmen.umd.edu
4394:edu.lva.virginia.gov
3976:on December 31, 2013
3921:Alton Hornsby, Jr.,
3748:McPherson, James M.
3739:9.3 (2019): 438–456.
3646:, 2007, pp. 168–185.
3636:William W. Freehling
3583:Foner, Eric (2010).
3395:District of Columbia
3371:Confederate Congress
3306:Mexican–American War
3260:District of Columbia
3232:Thirteenth Amendment
2320:Mexican–American War
2110:domestic slave trade
1953:Atlantic slave trade
1702:Indentured servitude
1630:Underground Railroad
1430:United Arab Emirates
819:Zanzibar slave trade
786:By country or region
599:Atlantic slave trade
501:Ma malakat aymanukum
385:Venetian slave trade
130:and was the primary
67:were legal, while a
6092:Newlands Resolution
6047:Southwest Territory
6042:Northwest Territory
5551:Radical Republicans
5498:Civil War and after
5426:Members of Congress
5243:List of plantations
5026:U.S. Virgin Islands
4440:. January 23, 2014.
3548:Painter, Nell Irvin
3314:They viewed slavery
3284:organized territory
3170:Missouri Compromise
3154:Northwest Ordinance
3085:Unionist government
2410:popular sovereignty
2406:Kansas–Nebraska Act
2285:Missouri Compromise
2275:Missouri Compromise
2182:Northwest Territory
2174:Northwest Ordinance
2142:Three-Fifths Clause
2125:Missouri Compromise
2067:Missouri Compromise
2040:Republic of Vermont
1977:American Revolution
1969:American Revolution
1918:Northwest Ordinance
1788:Slave Route Project
919:Americas indigenous
809:Red Sea slave trade
799:Contemporary Africa
662:Topics and practice
432:Crimean slave trade
427:Bukhara slave trade
380:Genoese slave trade
257:Contemporary Africa
237:Forced prostitution
124:Missouri Compromise
6433:Regional rivalries
6189:Atlantic Northeast
6102:Cession of Tutuila
6052:Louisiana Purchase
5949:Interior Highlands
5677:Maritime territory
5546:Reconstruction era
4454:. November 1, 1864
4400:on March 30, 2016.
4338:. pp. 379–380
4128:on April 13, 2019.
4006:on October 8, 2014
3903:on August 14, 2017
3893:"Willey Amendment"
3778:(LSU Press, 2000).
3264:Compromise of 1850
3243:
3089:Wheeling, Virginia
3007:American Civil War
3003:
2897:Compromise of 1850
2746:
2378:declaring "I want
2339:Compromise of 1850
2324:cotton plantations
2312:admission of Texas
2289:Louisiana Purchase
2272:
2248:
2170:
2130:
1949:indigenous peoples
1930:
1922:
1569:Blockade of Africa
876:Somali slave trade
792:Sub-Saharan Africa
484:Turkish Abductions
442:Khivan slave trade
437:Khazar slave trade
390:Balkan slave trade
348:Prague slave trade
128:Compromise of 1850
49:
45:American Civil War
6400:
6399:
6209:Pacific Northwest
6199:Columbia District
6177:
6176:
6107:Cession of Manu'a
6067:Adams–Onís Treaty
6037:Thirteen Colonies
6012:
6011:
5939:Laurentian Upland
5901:
5900:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5556:Freedmen's Bureau
4512:978-0-598-67518-7
4480:on April 25, 2012
4318:American Memory "
4297:978-0-19-086569-6
3801:. pp. 82–84.
3761:Nicole Etcheson.
3600:978-0-19-513755-2
3300:and his group of
3105:Waitman T. Willey
3071:
3070:
3054:
2982:
2981:
2893:
2892:
2738:
2737:
2178:U.S. Constitution
2150:Electoral College
1957:tropical diseases
1937:Thirteen Colonies
1885:
1884:
1835:Freedmen's Bureau
1657:Third Servile War
1652:International law
1219:Human trafficking
981:Human trafficking
656:Thirteen colonies
474:Sack of Baltimore
242:Human trafficking
120:U.S. Constitution
105:Revolutionary War
97:Thirteen Colonies
78:U.S. Constitution
16:(Redirected from
6450:
6390:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6370:
6369:
6072:Texas annexation
6057:Gadsden Purchase
6023:
6022:
5924:Pacific Mountain
5912:
5911:
5635:
5634:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5272:Law and politics
5196:Freedmen's towns
5176:Runaway slave ad
5039:
5038:
5001:Federal district
4725:
4718:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4653:. Archived from
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4598:Encyclopedia.com
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4396:. Archived from
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4365:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4329:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4283:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4149:
4143:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4124:. Archived from
4113:
4107:
4106:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4002:. Archived from
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3972:. Archived from
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3946:on March 7, 2007
3942:. Archived from
3932:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3899:. Archived from
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3839:
3833:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3796:
3785:
3779:
3772:
3766:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3653:
3647:
3633:
3627:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3557:
3544:
3533:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3487:
3239:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3167:
3161:
3151:
3145:
3052:
3029:
3028:
2902:
2901:
2755:
2754:
2682:1784–1840s – 0%
2656:1799–1840s – 0%
2578:1784–1840s – 0%
2552:1780–1840s – 0%
2526:1804–65 – 0.01%
2473:
2472:
2360:Ostend Manifesto
2356:Lopez Expedition
2190:Mason-Dixon line
2090:new constitution
2071:Mason-Dixon line
1941:"twenty and odd"
1877:
1870:
1863:
1847:Emancipation Day
1680:
1647:Slave Trade Acts
338:Byzantine Empire
180:
153:
152:
126:of 1820 and the
21:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6358:
6285:Mariana Islands
6233:
6214:Prairie Pothole
6194:The Californias
6173:
6126:
6087:Alaska Purchase
6082:Mexican Cession
6030:
6008:
5970:
5944:Interior Plains
5934:Rocky Mountains
5897:
5836:
5833:
5825:
5797:Middle Atlantic
5739:
5705:Hawaii–Aleutian
5681:
5626:
5621:
5591:
5582:
5571:Freedmen's town
5492:
5471:Slave marriages
5444:and procreation
5443:
5441:
5435:
5421:Vice presidents
5335:Nullifier Party
5314:Fugitive slaves
5267:
5263:Slave narrative
5201:Black Canadians
5121:
5115:
5030:
5009:
4995:
4734:
4729:
4681:
4675:
4673:Further reading
4670:
4660:
4658:
4657:on July 2, 2018
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4619:Smith, Geneva.
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4600:. July 16, 2020
4592:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4513:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4326:
4317:
4313:
4298:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4212:
4208:
4173:
4169:
4150:
4146:
4137:
4133:
4114:
4110:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4053:
4049:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3823:
3810:
3806:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3756:
3747:
3743:
3734:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3545:
3536:
3521:
3517:
3502:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3438:
3384:Abraham Lincoln
3362:
3352:
3335:
3329:
3280:
3256:
3254:Washington D.C.
3241:
3237:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3101:John S. Carlile
3081:
3076:
3051:
2987:
2734:Free 1787 – 0%
2721:331,726 – 46.9%
2708:Free 1777 – 0%
2695:275,719 – 24.8%
2669:225,483 – 19.5%
2643:331,059 – 33.4%
2617:490,865 – 30.7%
2604:Free 1783 – 0%
2591:402,406 – 57.2%
2539:462,198 – 43.7%
2464:
2444:Border Ruffians
2430:Bleeding Kansas
2414:bloody fighting
2402:
2400:Bleeding Kansas
2396:
2372:Northern Mexico
2347:
2337:As part of the
2316:Mexican Cession
2308:
2302:
2277:
2162:
2160:New territories
2154:disenfranchised
1973:abolish slavery
1905:
1895:
1890:
1881:
1852:
1851:
1756:Slave narrative
1712:Fugitive slaves
1692:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1642:Slave rebellion
1497:
1487:
1486:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1257:United Kingdom
1193:Yankee princess
787:
779:
778:
506:Avret Pazarları
452:Avret Pazarları
321:Medieval Europe
287:
277:
276:
215:Forced marriage
190:
55:before 1865, a
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6456:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6374:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6229:Virgin Islands
6226:
6224:Sonoran Desert
6221:
6219:Samoan Islands
6216:
6211:
6206:
6204:Oregon Country
6201:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6136:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Treaty of 1818
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5980:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5959:Atlantic Plain
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5632:
5631:Administrative
5628:
5627:
5620:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5597:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5531:Colored Troops
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5466:Slave breeding
5463:
5458:
5456:Female slavery
5453:
5451:Sexual slavery
5447:
5445:
5442:sexual slavery
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5371:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5161:Slave quarters
5158:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5122:social history
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5047:
5045:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4941:South Carolina
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:North Carolina
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4677:Main article:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4637:
4611:
4585:
4571:
4551:
4539:Slavenorth.com
4526:
4511:
4491:
4465:
4443:
4429:
4403:
4381:
4360:
4349:
4324:
4311:
4296:
4278:
4267:
4260:
4231:
4224:
4206:
4167:
4144:
4131:
4108:
4073:
4047:
4017:
3987:
3957:
3927:
3914:
3884:
3859:
3834:
3821:
3804:
3780:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3712:
3673:
3648:
3628:
3606:
3599:
3575:
3569:978-0195137569
3568:
3534:
3515:
3500:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3467:Wilmot Proviso
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3351:
3348:
3331:Main article:
3328:
3325:
3310:Utah Territory
3279:
3278:Utah Territory
3276:
3255:
3252:
3248:13th Amendment
3236:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3164:
3158:
3148:
3142:
3093:Charles Sumner
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2636:North Carolina
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2584:South Carolina
2580:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2565:87,189 – 12.7%
2563:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2463:
2460:
2398:Main article:
2395:
2392:
2388:Mexican States
2368:Filibuster War
2346:
2343:
2306:Wilmot Proviso
2301:
2298:
2276:
2273:
2194:New Englanders
2161:
2158:
2114:13th Amendment
2063:North Carolina
2053:In the South,
2044:Atlantic World
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1734:List of slaves
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Dutch Republic
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
995:
990:
985:
984:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
928:
927:
926:
916:
915:
914:
903:
902:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
879:
878:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
822:
821:
811:
806:
801:
795:
794:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
749:
745:
744:
739:
737:Child soldiers
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
713:
712:
702:
697:
692:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
664:
663:
659:
658:
653:
648:
646:Spanish Empire
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Middle Passage
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
601:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
488:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
456:
455:
454:
447:Ottoman Empire
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
402:
401:
395:
394:
393:
392:
382:
377:
372:
371:
370:
365:
360:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
323:
317:
316:
311:
306:
301:
295:
294:
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
267:Sexual slavery
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
233:
232:
227:
225:Child marriage
222:
212:
207:
202:
200:Child soldiers
197:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
173:
172:
162:
161:
101:rebel colonies
99:, after which
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6455:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6393:
6385:
6383:
6375:
6373:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6355:
6354:Upper Midwest
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6275:Intermountain
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6170:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6145:Border states
6143:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6077:Oregon Treaty
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5916:Physiographic
5913:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5828:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5606:
5604:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5488:Shadow family
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Freedom suits
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Planter class
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5181:Slave catcher
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:West Virginia
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:New Hampshire
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:Massachusetts
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4626:
4622:
4615:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4574:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4555:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4495:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4453:
4447:
4439:
4433:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4353:
4337:
4336:
4328:
4321:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4261:9780813910154
4257:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4227:
4225:0-02-920170-5
4221:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4062:
4061:We're History
4058:
4051:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4005:
4001:
4000:wvculture.org
3997:
3991:
3975:
3971:
3970:wvculture.org
3967:
3961:
3945:
3941:
3940:wvculture.org
3937:
3931:
3924:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3897:wvculture.org
3894:
3888:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3848:
3847:wvculture.org
3844:
3838:
3831:
3828:James Oakes,
3825:
3817:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3793:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3751:
3745:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3626:precipitate."
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3501:0-19-513755-8
3497:
3493:
3486:
3482:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3422:West Virginia
3419:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3407:June 19, 1865
3403:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:U.S. Congress
3387:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3375:border states
3372:
3368:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3321:1860 campaign
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3298:Brigham Young
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3272:abolitionists
3269:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3233:
3199:
3171:
3155:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:border states
3117:
3112:
3110:
3109:West Virginia
3106:
3102:
3098:
3097:Benjamin Wade
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:West Virginia
3074:Special cases
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3049:West Virginia
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:West Virginia
3016:
3015:border states
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:New Hampshire
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Massachusetts
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:Mountain West
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:in 1784. The
2037:
2033:
2030:in 1783, and
2029:
2028:Massachusetts
2025:
2024:New Hampshire
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:Patriot cause
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1893:Early history
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Slave catcher
1776:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Forced labour
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:Abolitionists
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
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1154:comfort women
1152:
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1138:
1137:Chukri System
1135:
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1028:
1026:
1025:Latin America
1023:
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1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
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994:
991:
989:
986:
982:
979:
977:
976:interregional
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:prison labour
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:United States
929:
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775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
746:
743:
742:White slavery
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Slave raiding
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
701:
700:Corvée labour
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519:
517:
516:Abbasid harem
514:
512:
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494:
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492:
489:
485:
482:
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459:Barbary Coast
457:
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166:Forced labour
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58:
54:
53:United States
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6349:Southwestern
6312:Southeastern
6295:Northwestern
6265:Great Plains
6260:Four Corners
6168:
6028:Acquisitions
5660:Insular area
5475:
5361:
5354:
5223:Field slaves
5186:Abolitionism
5120:Cultural and
5111:Bibliography
5090:
4946:South Dakota
4936:Rhode Island
4931:Pennsylvania
4911:North Dakota
4694:
4686:
4659:. Retrieved
4655:the original
4651:Kentucky.com
4650:
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4624:
4614:
4602:. Retrieved
4597:
4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4561:
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4538:
4529:
4501:
4494:
4484:November 18,
4482:. Retrieved
4478:the original
4468:
4458:November 18,
4456:. Retrieved
4446:
4432:
4422:November 26,
4420:. Retrieved
4415:
4406:
4398:the original
4393:
4384:
4374:November 21,
4372:. Retrieved
4363:
4352:
4342:November 24,
4340:. Retrieved
4334:
4327:
4314:
4287:
4281:
4270:
4251:
4243:
4234:
4215:
4209:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4162:the original
4157:
4147:
4139:
4134:
4126:the original
4121:
4111:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
4004:the original
3999:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:the original
3969:
3960:
3948:. Retrieved
3944:the original
3939:
3930:
3922:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3901:the original
3896:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3872:virginia.edu
3871:
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3846:
3837:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3807:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3749:
3744:
3736:
3731:
3720:
3715:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3664:. Retrieved
3660:
3651:
3639:
3631:
3623:manumissions
3614:
3609:
3585:
3578:
3553:
3526:
3518:
3491:
3485:
3426:
3415:
3411:
3399:
3388:
3363:
3336:
3318:
3296:
3290:and similar
3281:
3257:
3244:
3113:
3082:
3013:, while the
3004:
2905:Slave states
2894:
2758:Slave states
2747:
2675:Rhode Island
2545:Pennsylvania
2513:1,798 – 1.6%
2476:Slave States
2465:
2453:
2448:
2440:Free-Soilers
2439:
2435:Free-Staters
2433:
2403:
2376:Albert Brown
2362:, 1852) and
2348:
2345:Last battles
2336:
2334:or slavery.
2309:
2278:
2249:
2226:
2220:(1848), and
2171:
2139:
2135:Spanish Cuba
2131:
2083:
2052:
2036:Rhode Island
2020:Pennsylvania
2012:legislatures
2005:
1931:
1783:Slave patrol
1620:Freedom suit
1596:Sierra Leone
1586:Colonization
1502:Abolitionism
1482:Baháʼí Faith
1455:Christianity
1405:Saudi Arabia
1261:Penal Labour
1226:Blackbirding
1132:Debt bondage
1120:penal system
950:
946:Contemporary
936:Field slaves
924:U.S. Natives
883:South Africa
754:Galley slave
727:Slave market
717:House slaves
690:Blackbirding
668:Conscription
592:21st century
555:Umm al-walad
399:Muslim world
368:Emancipation
272:Wage slavery
252:Penal labour
230:Wife selling
220:Bride buying
205:Conscription
195:Child Labour
188:Contemporary
140:bloody fight
117:
90:
68:
56:
50:
36:
6270:High Plains
6152:Confederacy
5994:Great Lakes
5819:W S Central
5814:E S Central
5792:New England
5780:W N Central
5775:E N Central
5340:Fire-Eaters
5233:Task system
5228:Gang system
5218:Plantations
5021:Puerto Rico
5014:Territories
4861:Mississippi
4776:Connecticut
4661:January 21,
4578:October 16,
4544:January 21,
4010:December 7,
3980:December 7,
3950:December 7,
3907:December 7,
3877:December 7,
3852:December 7,
3693:: 173–175.
3615:Black Codes
3032:Slave state
3011:Confederacy
2999:Confederate
2913:Free states
2775:Mississippi
2766:Free states
2571:Connecticut
2490:Free States
2032:Connecticut
2008:New England
1965:West Indies
1959:and better
1947:. Although
1798:court cases
1675: [
1625:Slave Power
1613:Manumission
1460:Catholicism
1335:Afghanistan
1076:Puerto Rico
988:The Bahamas
966:Slave codes
769:Shanghaiing
759:Impressment
651:Slave Coast
531:Qajar harem
491:Concubinage
464:slave trade
57:slave state
32:Slave Coast
18:Slave state
6407:Categories
6245:Appalachia
6018:Historical
5809:S Atlantic
5687:Time zones
5645:U.S. state
5541:Juneteenth
5526:Contraband
4976:Washington
4896:New Mexico
4891:New Jersey
4766:California
4572:0813126215
4240:Fire-Eater
4187:(2): 190.
4042:priesthood
3523:Betty Wood
3478:References
3360:Juneteenth
3354:See also:
3327:California
3168: The
3152: The
3040:Free state
2927:California
2519:New Jersey
2380:Tamaulipas
2186:Ohio River
2079:Ohio River
1989:fought for
1897:See also:
1813:J.Q. Adams
1803:Washington
1773:Slave name
1722:convention
1697:Common law
1070:Encomienda
866:Seychelles
851:Mauritania
774:Slave ship
641:Panyarring
636:New France
285:Historical
69:free state
34:in Africa.
6157:Old South
6132:Civil War
5964:Tidewater
5832:Courts of
5787:Northeast
5655:Territory
5440:Marriage,
5139:Treatment
4986:Wisconsin
4951:Tennessee
4856:Minnesota
4831:Louisiana
4306:999309004
4245:viva voce
4103:212441173
3707:151453560
3132:Jefferson
3018:state of
2985:Civil War
2942:Minnesota
2885:Wisconsin
2714:Louisiana
2688:Tennessee
2493:Statehood
2479:Statehood
2422:Minnesota
2364:Nicaragua
2229:Northeast
2222:Minnesota
2218:Wisconsin
2084:The 1787
2073:(between
2059:Tennessee
2022:in 1780,
1961:treatment
1808:Jefferson
1465:Mormonism
1400:Palestine
1214:Australia
1144:Indonesia
1035:Lei Áurea
1018:Code Noir
998:Caribbean
971:Treatment
710:Treatment
683:Devshirme
545:Odalisque
363:In Russia
304:Babylonia
292:Antiquity
63:in which
6382:Category
6317:Southern
6300:Cascadia
6290:Northern
5907:Physical
5763:Mountain
5735:Atlantic
5720:Mountain
5695:Chamorro
5106:Glossary
4971:Virginia
4921:Oklahoma
4901:New York
4876:Nebraska
4866:Missouri
4851:Michigan
4841:Maryland
4826:Kentucky
4806:Illinois
4781:Delaware
4771:Colorado
4761:Arkansas
4630:June 19,
4604:June 19,
4521:17596217
4099:ProQuest
4028:(1852).
3613:Wilson,
3550:(2006).
3510:57722517
3452:Quilombo
3436:See also
3128:Berkeley
2845:Michigan
2835:Arkansas
2815:Missouri
2805:Illinois
2662:Kentucky
2649:New York
2610:Virginia
2558:Maryland
2506:Delaware
2500: %
2449:en masse
2281:Missouri
2224:(1858).
2216:(1837),
2214:Michigan
2212:(1818),
2210:Illinois
2208:(1816),
2204:(1803),
2075:Maryland
2055:Kentucky
1945:Virginia
1920:of 1787.
1840:Iron bit
1830:40 acres
1793:breeding
1608:Freedman
1443:Religion
1303:Portugal
1188:Thailand
1178:Maldives
1173:Malaysia
1166:Kwalliso
1110:Booi Aha
1062:Restavek
1042:Colombia
1013:Trinidad
1003:Barbados
893:Zanzibar
841:Ethiopia
722:Saqaliba
616:Database
567:Saqaliba
328:Ancillae
158:a series
156:Part of
84:and the
6392:Commons
6255:Eastern
6250:Central
6182:Divided
5976:Coastal
5834:appeals
5770:Midwest
5758:Pacific
5730:Eastern
5725:Central
5715:Pacific
5477:Plaçage
5043:History
4991:Wyoming
4966:Vermont
4871:Montana
4811:Indiana
4791:Georgia
4786:Florida
4756:Arizona
4746:Alabama
4066:June 9,
3666:July 5,
3529:(2013)
3308:, when
3258:In the
2855:Florida
2795:Alabama
2785:Indiana
2701:Vermont
2532:Georgia
2233:Midwest
2206:Indiana
1933:Slavery
1888:History
1818:Lincoln
1691:Related
1591:Liberia
1477:Judaism
1415:Tunisia
1390:Morocco
1380:Lebanon
1345:Bahrain
1340:Algeria
1308:Romania
1273:Denmark
1266:Slavery
1200:Vietnam
871:Somalia
861:Nigeria
836:Comoros
764:Pirates
673:Ghilman
606:Bristol
496:history
469:pirates
358:History
247:Peonage
170:slavery
148:slavery
113:Britain
109:Vermont
76:of the
51:In the
6342:Upland
5984:Arctic
5745:Census
5710:Alaska
5326:(1808)
5144:Health
5035:Topics
4926:Oregon
4881:Nevada
4821:Kansas
4796:Hawaii
4751:Alaska
4739:States
4689:(2002)
4569:
4519:
4509:
4304:
4294:
4258:
4222:
4199:
4101:
3725:online
3705:
3597:
3566:
3508:
3498:
3302:Mormon
3238:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3172:, 1821
3166:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3063:Nevada
3024:Nevada
2974:Kansas
2958:Oregon
2456:Oregon
2418:Kansas
2394:Kansas
2384:Potosi
2366:(see:
2354:(see:
2332:cotton
2252:Senate
2128:line).
1997:joined
1739:owners
1375:Kuwait
1370:Jordan
1323:Sweden
1313:Russia
1298:Poland
1293:Norway
1115:Laogai
1100:Brunei
1095:Bhutan
1057:revolt
1030:Brazil
993:Canada
956:partus
941:female
826:Angola
695:Coolie
678:Mamluk
631:Nantes
611:Brazil
540:Cariye
375:Thrall
343:Kholop
309:Greece
136:Kansas
59:was a
6337:Solid
6238:Other
6162:Dixie
6140:Union
5804:South
5700:Samoa
5638:Units
4956:Texas
4836:Maine
4801:Idaho
4197:JSTOR
3795:(PDF)
3703:S2CID
3562:–72.
3124:Union
3067:1864
3043:Year
2995:Union
2978:1861
2962:1859
2946:1858
2930:1850
2916:Year
2889:1848
2875:Texas
2869:1846
2849:1837
2829:1820
2825:Maine
2809:1818
2789:1816
2769:Year
2750:Union
2294:Maine
2256:South
2237:South
1914:state
1766:songs
1761:films
1679:]
1635:songs
1472:Islam
1450:Bible
1425:Yemen
1420:Qatar
1410:Syria
1385:Libya
1350:Egypt
1318:Spain
1288:Malta
1161:Korea
1149:Japan
1127:India
1105:China
1052:Haiti
912:Aztec
888:Sudan
856:Niger
748:Naval
621:Dutch
550:Qiyan
536:Jarya
511:Harem
353:Serfs
299:Egypt
61:state
6372:List
6322:Deep
6004:East
5999:Gulf
5989:West
5893:11th
5888:10th
5753:West
5576:list
4961:Utah
4916:Ohio
4816:Iowa
4663:2017
4632:2020
4606:2020
4580:2016
4567:ISBN
4546:2017
4517:OCLC
4507:ISBN
4486:2012
4460:2012
4424:2019
4376:2021
4344:2021
4302:OCLC
4292:ISBN
4256:ISBN
4220:ISBN
4068:2022
4032:Them
4012:2015
3982:2015
3952:2015
3909:2015
3879:2015
3854:2015
3668:2020
3595:ISBN
3564:ISBN
3506:OCLC
3496:ISBN
3416:The
3389:The
3358:and
3130:and
3103:and
3057:1863
3035:Year
3005:The
2908:Year
2879:1845
2865:Iowa
2859:1845
2839:1836
2819:1821
2799:1819
2779:1817
2761:Year
2731:1803
2727:Ohio
2718:1812
2705:1791
2692:1796
2679:1790
2666:1792
2653:1788
2640:1789
2627:1788
2614:1788
2601:1788
2588:1788
2575:1788
2562:1788
2549:1787
2536:1788
2523:1787
2510:1787
2498:1860
2483:1860
2438:and
2358:and
2352:Cuba
2310:The
2202:Ohio
2196:and
2172:The
2148:and
2123:The
2034:and
2026:and
1991:the
1985:free
1901:and
1717:laws
1579:U.S.
1574:U.K.
1512:U.S.
1507:U.K.
1395:Oman
1365:Iraq
1360:Iran
1047:Cuba
951:maps
846:Mali
831:Chad
417:Baqt
314:Rome
210:Debt
168:and
6332:New
6327:Mid
5883:9th
5878:8th
5873:7th
5868:6th
5863:5th
5858:4th
5853:3rd
5848:2nd
5843:1st
4189:doi
4091:doi
4037:143
3695:doi
3661:PBS
3087:in
2239:).
2050:).
6409::
4649:.
4623:.
4596:.
4537:.
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4300:.
4195:.
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4156:.
4120:.
4097:.
4087:73
4085:.
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3870:.
3845:.
3701:.
3691:37
3689:.
3685:.
3659:.
3642:.
3638:.
3593:.
3591:14
3560:70
3537:^
3525:,
3504:.
3294:.
2382:,
2137:.
2116:.
2081:.
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1072:)
1068:(
538:/
413:
20:)
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