433:(which are covered by the local planning authority consultation process). In Scotland, and following the implementation of the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004, Scottish Natural Heritage (the former name for NatureScot) reviewed the ORC lists for each SSSI and removed those activities that were unlikely to happen and if they were to would be unlikely to damage the protected natural features, and other activities adequately regulated by other statutory regimes. The intention of this was to remove the need for owners and occupiers to obtain SSSI consent as well as licences/ permits from other authorities (who must consult NatureScot prior to determining such applications). Purely geological SSSIs often have much shorter OLD lists.
61:
378:. The extent to which an SSSI/ASSI may extend seawards differs between countries. In Scotland an SSSI may include the intertidal land down to mean low water spring or to the extent of the local planning authority area, thus only limited areas of estuaries and coastal waters beyond MLWS may be included. In England, Natural England may notify an SSSI over estuarial waters and further adjacent waters in certain circumstances (section 28(1A & 1B) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended by Part 2 of Annex 13 of the
425:'potentially damaging operations' or PDOs. Under the current legal arrangements they are called 'operations requiring consent' or ORCs (Scotland), or 'operations likely to damage the SSSI interest' or OLDs (England & Wales). The list of ORCs/OLDs for each SSSI is unique to that site – though all are derived from a standard list for that country. The ORCs/OLDs are not "banned" activities – the list includes activities which would damage the interest, but also many which might be beneficial. For example, "
47:
441:
cases will be a continuation of the historical management of the land. Where an owner or occupier is unwilling or unable to carry out management, ultimately the conservation body can require it to be done. Public bodies which own or occupy an SSSI have a duty to manage it properly. Site management statements for SSSI in
Scotland are available to download from the NatureScot website using the "Sitelink" facility.
429:" (a standard item on the list) would require consent, even on a chalk grassland or heathland where grazing is an essential part of management. In England and Wales the list of OLDs is almost the same for each SSSI – and the list for an SSSI will only omit activities impossible on the particular SSSI (such as fishing where there is no water), and things requiring
417:
interest – except where the value of that interest is over-ridden by some more important factor, for example a requirement for a major road or port or oil pipe. The requirement for consultation covers any development which might affect the interest, not just developments within the SSSI itself – for example, a development a long way upstream of a
449:, intensive bait-digging or trail biking on an SSSI were only prevented if done (or permitted) by the owner or occupier – not if done by trespassers or under public rights. The effect was, for example, to allow control of legal trail biking on SSSIs (where damaging to the interest), but not illegal trail biking. This
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If consent in writing is not given the operation must not proceed. Conditions may cover any relevant aspect of the proposed operation and may, for example, limit its timing, location or intensity. The process is slightly different where the owner or occupier is a public body, but the effect is broadly similar.
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The relevant nature conservation body sends all SSSI owners and occupiers a site-specific 'site management statement' describing the ideal management (there may be grants available to help fund management). Owners and occupiers are encouraged to carry out this management, which in many (but not all)
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If a proposed activity would not affect the interest or is beneficial to it, then the conservation body will issue a "consent" allowing it to be carried out without further consultation. If it would be harmful, the conservation body may issue consent subject to conditions or refuse the application.
424:
The owners and occupiers of SSSIs are required (Scotland, England, Wales) to obtain consent from the relevant nature conservation body if they want to carry out, cause or permit to be carried out within the SSSI any of the activities listed in the notification. Formerly these activities were called
280:
layers. If the exposure becomes obscured, the feature could in principle be re-exposed elsewhere. Conservation of these sites usually concentrates on maintenance of access for future study. Deposit sites are features which are limited in extent or physically delicate—for example, they include small
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When designating an SSSI/ASSI, the relevant nature conservation body must formally notify the interested parties and allow a period for them to make representations before confirming the notification. When creating a new SSSI/ASSI the designation has legal effect from the date of notification. The
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Geological SSSI/ASSIs are selected by a different mechanism to biological ones, with a minimalistic system selecting one site for each geological feature in Great
Britain. Academic geological specialists have reviewed geological literature, selecting sites within Great Britain of at least national
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which protect SSSIs. They are then required to consult the appropriate conservation body over planning applications which might affect the interest of an SSSI (such a development might not be within or even close to the SSSI itself). The effect of this is to prevent development which harms the
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Biological SSSI/ASSIs may be selected for various reasons, which for Great
Britain is governed by published SSSI Selection Guidelines. Within each area, a representative series of the best examples of each significant natural habitat may be notified, and for rarer habitats all examples may be
460:
Funding for the monitoring of SSSIs in
England has been cut from £1.58 million in 2010 to £700,000 in 2018, causing concern that many have not been inspected over the last six years, as required by guidelines. Since the referendum to leave the EU in 2016, more than 450 staff have been
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The process of designating a site as of
Special Scientific Interest is called notification; this is followed by consultation with the site's owners and occupiers, and the notification is then confirmed or withdrawn (in whole or part). At the time of the passing of the
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The various laws protect the interest features of SSSIs from development, from other damage, and (since 2000 in
England) also from neglect. Protection is not necessarily absolute—generally it requires the SSSI interest to be considered properly against other factors.
257:. Almost all GCR sites (but no other sites) are subsequently notified as geological SSSIs, except some that coincide with designated biological SSSI management units. A GCR site may contain features from several different topic blocks, for example a site may contain
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The notification includes a description of the land and the natural features for which it is notified ("the citation"), a boundary map, and a list of the acts or omissions (activities) that the nature conservation body regulates through the issue of consents.
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NatureScot publishes a summary of the SSSI arrangements for SSSI owners and occupiers (other than public bodies) which can be downloaded from its website. Legal documents for all SSSIs in
Scotland are available on the SSSI Register, hosted by The
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The law protecting SSSIs now covers everyone, not just public bodies and the owners and occupiers of SSSIs. Previously, activities by "third parties" were not illegal under the SSSI legislation. This meant that damaging activities such as
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they are based around districts. The individual AOSs are between 400 km (150 sq mi) and 4,000 km (1,500 sq mi) in size. There were 59 AOSs in
England, 12 in Wales, and 44 in Scotland.
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of the relevant country. Most SSSIs/ASSIs are in private ownership and form parts of working farms, forests and estates. In
Scotland, people may use their rights of responsible access to visit SSSIs.
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Following devolution, legal arrangements for SSSIs (Scotland, England, Wales) and ASSIs (Northern
Ireland) differ between the countries of the UK. The Isle of Man ASSI system is a separate entity.
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Conservation of biological SSSI/ASSIs usually involves continuation of the natural and artificial processes which resulted in their development and survival, for example the continued traditional
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SSSI might require consultation. Some developments might be neutral or beneficial, even if they are within the SSSI itself – the critical point is whether they harm the interest features.
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interest are Geological SSSIs (or ASSIs). Sites may be divided into management units, with some areas including units that are noted for both biological and geological interest.
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with interactive map of designations in England, including SSSI boundaries and condition assessments (select "Interactive Map", then "Rural Designations – Statutory" in step 1)
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708:"English Nature Research Reports Number 394: An implementation framework for the conservation, protection and management of nationally important marine wildlife in the UK"
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Geological sites fall into two types, having different conservation priorities: exposure sites, and deposit sites. Exposure sites are where
401:. In Scotland, NatureScot must also notify the relevant community councils and community group having registered an interest in the land.
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SSSI notification can cover any "land" within the area of the relevant nature conservation body, including dry land, land covered by
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legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations in the United Kingdom are based upon them, including
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297:. If such features become damaged they cannot be recreated, and conservation usually involves protecting the feature from
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For the purposes of selecting the original tranche of SSSIs, Natural England's predecessors (the Nature Conservancy, the
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interactive map of designations in Great Britain, including SSSI boundaries (select 'Nature Reserves' in UK Map Layers)
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An SSSI may be made on any area of land which is considered to be of special interest by virtue of its
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containing vertebrate fossils, insect fossils and plant fossils and it may also be of importance for
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and ecological characteristics, or on a county basis. In Scotland, the designating authority is
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This article is about Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the UK. For Hong Kong SSSIs, see
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352:), in Scotland by the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 and in Northern Ireland by the
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513:) used a system termed "areas of search" (AOSs). In England these were largely based on the
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interest are known as Biological SSSIs (or ASSIs), and those notified for geological or
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317:. Further information about SSSIs in Scotland is available on the NatureScot website.
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The decision to notify an SSSI is made by the relevant nature conservation body (the
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importance for each of the most important features within each geological topic (or
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Fair, James (December 2018). "Concern for sites of scientific interest".
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184:, etc.)—each of these groups has its own set of selection guidelines.
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348:, amended in 1985 and further substantially amended in 2000 (by the
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List of the largest Sites of Special Scientific Interest in England
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Nature Conservation and Amenity Lands (Northern Ireland) Order 1985
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were formerly used for selection over the whole of Great Britain.
517:(with larger counties divided into two or more areas), whereas in
498:. Each of these was considered in turn, and either denotified, or
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Local planning authorities are required to have policies in their
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give access to extensive geological features, such as particular
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249:). Each of these sites is described, with most published in the
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and section 19 of the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004.
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Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture (Isle of Man)
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371:, geological or physiographical / geomorphological features.
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Protected sites for nature conservation in the Isle of Man
119:. SSSI/ASSIs are the basic building block of site-based
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Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
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included. Sites of particular significance for various
742:
NCC 1989, page 18, where all AOS boundaries are mapped
653:"Designated SSSI Avon Valley Bickton to Christchurch"
566:
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Wales
496:
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
342:
National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949
385:Access to SSSIs is the same as for the rest of the
226:). In the Isle of Man the role is performed by the
463:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1511:
1540:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
581:Site of Special Scientific Interest (Hong Kong)
393:interested parties include central government,
228:Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture
53:, a 99.4-hectare (246-acre) biological SSSI in
41:Site of Special Scientific Interest (Hong Kong)
627:"Guidelines for selection of biological SSSIs"
887:
146:
775:Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs)
759:Guidelines for selection of biological SSSIs
633:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC)
202:In England, the designating body for SSSIs,
172:groups may be selected (for example birds,
32:"SSSI" redirects here. For other uses, see
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880:
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599:
143:"SSSI" is often pronounced "triple-S I".
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59:
45:
324:) for that part of the United Kingdom:
206:, selects biological SSSIs from within
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691:
689:
455:Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000
350:Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000
340:. SSSIs were originally set up by the
272:, disused railway cuttings, cliffs or
1535:Protected areas of the United Kingdom
875:
724:from the original on 9 September 2011
1520:Sites of Special Scientific Interest
1367:Tweeddale and Ettrick and Lauderdale
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240:Regionally important geological site
218:; the role in Wales is performed by
27:Protected area in the United Kingdom
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546:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
356:. SSSIs are also covered under the
326:Northern Ireland Environment Agency
89:area of special scientific interest
77:site of special scientific interest
24:
18:Site of special scientific interest
1530:Protected areas of the Isle of Man
1525:Conservation in the United Kingdom
905:in the United Kingdom, grouped by
831:Protected Sites on the Isle of Man
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717:. English Nature. September 2000.
541:Conservation in the United Kingdom
380:Marine and Coastal Access Act 2010
25:
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1443:Preseli & South Pembrokeshire
1202:Clydesdale and South East Glasgow
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551:List of ASSIs in Northern Ireland
515:1974–1996 administrative counties
492:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
465:(Defra). Neglected areas include
346:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
210:which are areas with particular
556:List of SSSIs by Area of Search
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304:
1357:South Wester Ross and Cromarty
1312:North Wester Ross and Cromarty
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251:Geological Conservation Review
13:
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322:appropriate conservation body
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697:NCC 1989, page 17, note 4.11
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1212:Dumbarton and North Glasgow
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755:Nature Conservancy Council
507:Nature Conservancy Council
395:local planning authorities
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147:Selection and conservation
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1433:Mid & South Glamorgan
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1192:Berwickshire and Roxburgh
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821:ASSIs in Northern Ireland
360:and related legislation.
253:series, and so becomes a
151:Sites notified for their
1408:Carmarthen & Dinefwr
986:East Riding of Yorkshire
858:13 December 2012 at the
358:Water Resources Act 1991
133:Special Protection Areas
125:national nature reserves
105:conservation designation
1327:Rum and the Small Isles
1322:Renfrew and Cunninghame
1237:Falkirk and Clackmannan
1182:Badenoch and Strathspey
816:Natural Resources Wales
655:. Natural England. 2017
528:Watsonian vice-counties
338:Natural Resources Wales
220:Natural Resources Wales
1257:Kincardine and Deeside
1227:East Ross and Cromarty
72:
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55:Arlington, East Sussex
1387:Wigtown and Stewartry
1342:South East Sutherland
1307:North West Sutherland
1177:Annandale and Eskdale
836:4 August 2020 at the
315:Registers of Scotland
63:
49:
34:SSSI (disambiguation)
1287:Mull, Coll and Tiree
1277:Mid Argyll and Cowal
1272:Mid and East Lothian
1382:Western Isles South
1377:Western Isles North
1242:Gordon and Aberdeen
461:transferred to the
431:planning permission
121:nature conservation
51:Arlington Reservoir
1494:County Londonderry
1011:Greater Manchester
827:, Northern Ireland
453:was closed by the
293:, caves and other
73:
58:
1507:
1506:
1337:Skye and Lochalsh
866:Overview of SSSIs
782:978-1-84754-036-2
715:jncc.defra.gov.uk
631:jncc.defra.gov.uk
576:Natural Area Code
414:development plans
301:or other damage.
71:towards Pole Bank
16:(Redirected from
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1467:Northern Ireland
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1187:Banff and Buchan
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1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:West Midlands
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Tyne and Wear
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Staffordshire
1109:
1107:
1104:
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1099:
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1034:
1032:
1031:Isle of Wight
1029:
1027:
1026:Hertfordshire
1024:
1022:
1021:Herefordshire
1019:
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1009:
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999:
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989:
987:
984:
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979:
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964:
962:
961:County Durham
959:
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939:
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794:English SSSIs
792:
791:
783:
779:
776:
772:
769:
767:
766:0-86139-544-1
763:
760:
756:
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739:
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709:
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694:
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681:
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654:
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632:
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607:
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582:
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471:Lake District
468:
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458:
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438:
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318:
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296:
292:
291:mine tailings
288:
284:
279:
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266:
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231:
229:
225:
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209:
208:natural areas
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157:physiographic
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118:
114:
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98:
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90:
86:
85:Great Britain
82:
78:
70:
66:
62:
56:
52:
48:
42:
35:
30:
19:
1458:West Gwynedd
1423:East Gwynedd
1131:Warwickshire
1051:Lincolnshire
926:Bedfordshire
902:
868:at Naturenet
774:
758:
738:
726:. Retrieved
714:
702:
679:
676:BBC Wildlife
675:
669:
657:. Retrieved
647:
635:. Retrieved
630:
621:
609:. Retrieved
605:
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504:
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485:Notification
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443:
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411:
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391:
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373:
362:
321:
319:
311:
308:
305:Legal status
267:
263:stratigraphy
254:
246:
243:
201:
186:
180:, reptiles,
166:
150:
129:Ramsar sites
92:
88:
80:
76:
74:
69:Ashes Hollow
29:
1484:County Down
1352:South Perth
1141:West Sussex
1086:Oxfordshire
991:East Sussex
812:Welsh SSSIs
602:"triple SI"
447:fly-tipping
387:countryside
376:fresh water
178:butterflies
174:dragonflies
117:Isle of Man
107:denoting a
97:Isle of Man
1514:Categories
1438:Montgomery
1413:Ceredigion
1372:West Perth
1222:East Perth
1096:Shropshire
1056:Merseyside
1041:Lancashire
971:Derbyshire
807:NatureScot
606:Tree Terms
588:References
500:renotified
334:NatureScot
238:See also:
234:Geological
216:NatureScot
182:amphibians
163:Biological
153:biological
67:, view up
1403:Brecknock
1292:Nithsdale
1247:Inverness
1197:Caithness
1151:Wiltshire
1016:Hampshire
951:Cleveland
931:Berkshire
853:Sketchmap
682:(13): 55.
295:landforms
212:landscape
193:heathland
170:taxonomic
95:) in the
65:Long Mynd
1362:Stirling
1332:Shetland
1165:Scotland
1101:Somerset
956:Cornwall
946:Cheshire
856:Archived
834:Archived
728:17 March
719:Archived
659:30 April
637:17 March
534:See also
519:Scotland
479:The Wash
475:Pennines
451:loophole
287:sediment
274:outcrops
270:quarries
255:GCR site
87:, or an
1262:Kintyre
1116:Suffolk
1091:Rutland
1061:Norfolk
966:Cumbria
914:England
840:at the
823:at the
773:(2009)
757:(1989)
611:8 March
427:grazing
419:wetland
299:erosion
189:grazing
141:acronym
111:in the
103:, is a
1448:Radnor
1317:Orkney
1121:Surrey
981:Dorset
780:
764:
477:, and
473:, the
469:, the
467:Exmoor
283:lenses
259:strata
139:. The
135:, and
1428:Gwent
1418:Clwyd
1396:Wales
1267:Lorne
996:Essex
976:Devon
903:SSSIs
722:(PDF)
711:(PDF)
523:Wales
369:flora
365:fauna
247:block
83:) in
1036:Kent
921:Avon
778:ISBN
762:ISBN
730:2017
661:2023
639:2017
613:2019
521:and
509:and
278:rock
115:and
99:and
93:ASSI
81:SSSI
814:at
805:at
796:at
382:).
336:or
285:of
195:or
191:of
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688:^
680:36
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328:,
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