500:
486:
472:
459:
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1518:
1437:
297:
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1421:
166:
1037:, its counterpart in the US). In Japan, the international city relations may be split into multiple terms, such as Sister Cities, Friendship Cooperation Cities, Business Partner Cities (BPC), Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), Sister Ports / Friendship Ports, etc. China mostly uses the term "friendship cooperation cities" rather than "sister cities", as the Chinese words for sisters, "姐妹" (reading: jiěmèi, literally elder sister and younger sister), could imply a hierarchical relationship. More recently, Tokyo has begun to actively promote 'city diplomacy' with other global cities at the initiative of its governor
796:
1468:
46:
1452:
332:, the earliest formal attempts to establish city diplomacy across national boundaries took place in the 19th century. Only a handful of cities were involved in the 19th-century efforts; it was not until the turn of the millennium that it became much more common. The first priority of those carrying out city diplomacy typically overlaps with the core aims of municipal government – improving the lives of local residents. Yet they will often collaborate with peers in other cities to work on issues of planet-wide concern, such as efforts to
810:
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acknowledged the evolution of town twinning into city diplomacy, particularly in matters of trade and tourism, but also in culture and post-conflict reconciliation. The importance of cities developing "their own foreign economic policies on trade, foreign investment, tourism and attracting foreign
181:
In the United
Kingdom, the term "twin towns" is most commonly used; the term "sister cities" is generally used for agreements with towns and cities in the Americas. In mainland Europe, the most commonly used terms are "twin towns", "partnership towns", "partner towns", and "friendship towns". The
1190:
introduced legislation, the Sister City
Transparency Act, to provide federal oversight to mitigate risks of sister city agreements being used for political influence campaigns. In 2024, Indiana banned localities from entering into sister city agreements with six "foreign adversary" countries.
156:
The purpose of twinnings was then expanded to encourage trade and tourism or to reflect other links, such as towns sharing the same name or migration links. By the 2000s, town twinning became increasingly used to form strategic international business links among member cities, and may include
601:
also works closely with the commission (DG Education and
Culture) to promote modern, high quality twinning initiatives and exchanges that involve all sections of the community. It has launched a website dedicated to town twinning. As of 1995, the European Union had more than 7,000 bilateral
92:
Throughout history, many cities have participated in various cultural exchanges and similar activities that might resemble a sister-city or twin-city relationship, but the first officially documented case of such a relationship was a signed agreement between the leaders of the cities of
271:
The
Americas, South Asia, and Australasia use the term "sister cities" or "twin cities". In China, the term is 友好城市 (yǒuhǎo chéngshì – friendly cities). Sometimes, other government bodies enter into a twinning relationship, such as the agreement between the provinces of
139:
The twinning between
Coventry and Stalingrad was formalized in 1944 and, after the end of the war, similar links were established to foster friendship and understanding among former foes as an act of peace and reconciliation, with new twinnings between Coventry and German cities:
148:
in 1956. In 1957, Coventry was officially twinned with
Belgrade, even though the link actually dates back to 1953 when then Yugoslav Ambassador visited Coventry and offered a gift of timber from his native country for use in the new Civic Theatre, which when finished was named
136:– had their names embroidered on a tablecloth along with the words "Little help is better than a lot of pity" and sent it, along with money (each donated six pence), to the people of Stalingrad. The tablecloth can now be seen at the Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad.
877:, has five sister cities around the world. They are Brockville, Ontario, Canada (since 1977); Guamúchil, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982); Mocorito, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1982); Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico (since 1988); and Winterthur, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland.
638:
A recent study has concluded that geographical distance has very little, if any, influence upon communities' selections of a twin town. Twinned towns are often chosen because of similarities between them; thus about 15 towns in Wales are twinned with towns in
896:
Town twinning begins for a variety of reasons. Generally, partner towns have similar demographics and size. They may arise from business connections, travel, similar industries, diaspora communities, or shared history. For example, the partnership between
1675:
287:
Though the term is often used interchangeably with the term "friendship city", this may mean a relationship with a more limited scope in comparison to a sister city relationship, and friendship city relationships are mayor-to-mayor agreements.
79:
While there are early examples of international links between municipalities akin to what are known as sister cities or twin towns today dating back to the 9th century, the modern concept was first established and adopted worldwide during
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Adoption committee" in March 1945, when the Dutch city was still occupied by the German Army in the final months of the war, and children from each city took part in exchanges in 1945 and 1946. Similarly, in 1947,
1686:
587:, a link that still exists. Since 9 April 1956 Rome and Paris have been exclusively and reciprocally twinned with each other, following the motto: "Only Paris is worthy of Rome; only Rome is worthy of Paris."
1026:. From the early 2000s until 2024, the number of China's sister city relationships doubled. More than one-third of Chinese sister city relationships are with sister cities in the east Asia Pacific region.
4381:
4428:
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1296:, Japan, came close to terminating their twinning in 2013 and 2014 because of an ongoing dispute over Glendale's support for the erection of a statue dedicated to Korean comfort women in a city park.
380:
As of 2016, there were over 125 such multilateral networks and forums to facilitate international collaboration between different municipal authorities. A Bill introduced in the 2019 session of the
4072:
3191:
186:
uses the term "twinned towns" and refers to the process as "town twinning". Spain uses the term "ciudades hermanadas", which means "sister cities". Germany, Poland, and the Czech
Republic each use
4137:
745:, which has one of the most extensive and efficient tram networks in Germany. With assistance from Karlsruhe's specialist engineers, Nottingham completed its second tram line in 2013. In 2014,
2015:
394:
Recently, the field of city diplomacy has taken a step beyond city-to-city exchanges to target the facilitation of dialogue between cities and multilateral organs, such as the United
Nations.
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that involves discussions between officials and residents of different cities. Often these cities will be located in different countries. As such, city diplomacy involves a sort of
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Kaltenbrunner, Andreas; Aragon, Pablo; Laniado, David; Volkovich, Yana (16 February 2013). "Not all paths lead to Rome: Analysing the network of sister cities".
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4127:
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3328:"Revealing Sutton's twinning heritage 06.06.11: A set of murals celebrating Sutton's links with its continental twin towns is to be given a new lease of life"
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980:
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624:. In the case of Sutton this is in a separate smaller painting (above its main one) showing a beech tree, intended as a symbol of prosperity and from which
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1969:
Coventry was the first city in the world to twin with another. In 1944 Coventry started a trend that would spread across Europe and the rest of the world.
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The practice was continued after the Second World War as a way to promote mutual understanding and cross-border projects of mutual benefit. For example,
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4759:
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125:) in 1942, the idea emerged as a way of establishing solidarity links between cities in allied countries that went through similar devastating events.
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2007:
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announced their intention to form a "tuning" partnership based on a shared musical heritage and culture offer, at the initiative of
Bristol Mayor
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in 1931. However, the modern concept of town twinning appeared during the Second World War. More specifically, it was inspired by the bombing of
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Within Europe, town twinning is supported by the
European Union. The support scheme was established in 1989. In 2003 an annual budget of about
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in Russia holds the record for the largest number of partnership arrangements with other communities. In June 2012, the Scottish village of
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2724:
2438:"What is the difference between a Sister City and a Friendship City? | AustinTexas.gov - The Official Website of the City of Austin"
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Relationships between communities can also arise because of shared names; they may be named after one community (as in the case of
5557:
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3524:
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1956:
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in 1950, and the cities have run a joint Pancake Day race ever since. Littleton, Colorado, twinned with Bega, Australia, in 1961.
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Not only cities and towns, but also provinces, states, territories, and regions enter into twinning agreements. For example, the
3677:
1901:
Federal State Budgetary Institution of Culture 'The Battle of Stalingrad' State Historical and Memorial Museum and Heritage Site
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4295:
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circulated petitions urging California cities and counties with relationships with Russian counterparts to take similar steps.
1085:. These similarities usually arise from sharing the same or related language or having been a colony or previously conquered.
602:
relationships involving almost 10,000 European municipalities, primarily French (2837 twinnings) and German (2485 twinnings).
5248:
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2814:
1731:
1600:
737:
Town twinning has increasingly been used to form strategic international business links. For example, in the 1990s, when the
499:
485:
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3465:
547:. This was initially referred to as an adoption of the French town; formal twinning charters were not exchanged until 1986.
324:
that works in parallel to the conventional system involving embassies, ambassadors, and treaties negotiated at the level of
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3581:
3057:
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1277:
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in 2013, signing the twinning agreement with representatives from the Azerbaijani government; Hungary recognised Shusha as
608:
has been used to celebrate twin town links, for instance in the form of seven mural paintings in the centre of the town of
4178:
76:
between two geographically and politically distinct localities for the purpose of promoting cultural and commercial ties.
5372:
5268:
5183:
1897:"Telegram from A.R. Grindlay, the mayor of Coventry, to the chairman of the Stalingrad city council of workers' deputies"
1451:
344:
340:
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1927:
1829:"Oldest Sister City Relationship Established Between Toledo, Ohio and Toledo, Spain – Sister Cities International (SCI)"
1078:
458:
3023:
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1982:"Скатерть из Ковентри - Мей Адамс. Подробное описание экспоната, аудиогид, интересные факты. Официальный сайт Artefact"
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3166:"Reading-Düsseldorf Association – Devoted to promoting & developing friendship between Reading and Düsseldorf"
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2202:
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3439:
2537:
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2415:
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cities are twinned with former East German cities; these twinning links were established before the fall of the
384:
would have legislated for a City and State Diplomacy Act to create a new Office of Subnational Diplomacy at the
5258:
3169:
1502:
562:
as an act of peace and reconciliation, all three cities having been heavily bombed during the war. The city of
348:
1405:
5243:
4617:
3251:
1216:
620:
of each above the other images. Each painting also features a plant as a visual representation of its town's
407:
3382:
2753:
1896:
3550:"'Using pop culture to assert distinctiveness of place', Japan Local Government Centre, London, March 2011"
2601:
4318:
3968:
3518:"'Stimulation Project for the Coexistent Animation Industry Cluster in Nerima', Nerima City, January 2009"
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Artwork produced by Japanese and American citizens to celebrate the sister city relationship between
945:
765:, Tokyo have for several years shared a partnership based on their "co-existent animation industry".
704:
333:
4638:
3965:"APA – Gyöngyös city of Hungary fraternize with Azerbaijan's occupied town of Shusha – PHOTOSESSION"
6029:
5674:
5415:
4671:
4132:
3860:
The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order
3824:"Bilateral dialogue with the PRC at both ends: Czech-Chinese "friendship" extends to social credit"
3797:
1585:
1168:
613:
284:
is a town twinning association with one town from each of the member states of the European Union.
3404:
3331:
6124:
6104:
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5493:
5477:
5432:
5365:
2480:
1212:
1164:
1112:
1033:, a joint agency of local governments established by the Japanese government in 1988 (similar to
784:
738:
718:
Recently some towns have made novelty twinning arrangements with fictional or virtual locations.
715:, agreed to twin their municipalities to promote tourism in both places, playing on their names.
708:
321:
165:
73:
5546:
5466:
4454:"Live: Video shows devastating impact of Russian barrage in Kharkiv, thousands of refugees flee"
3087:
3022:. Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław, Poland. Archived from
948:, but it became a separate corporation in 1967 due to the growth and popularity of the program.
795:
5877:
1635:
1285:
854:
696:
575:
Corporation (later Bristol City Council) sent five "leading citizens" on a goodwill mission to
423:
389:
365:
114:
4484:"Doncaster cuts ties with Russian twin-town of Ozyorsk as Mansion House lights up for Ukraine"
2379:
1093:
The twinning of towns and cities is sometimes done for political purposes. The Hungarian city
5514:
4574:
3863:
2103:
799:
617:
37:
3990:
2938:
1167:
said, “Friendship city relations have become one of the important channels to implement the
1022:
organization. Sister city initiatives are an increasingly widespread mechanism for Chinese
5963:
5847:
5837:
5732:
5646:
1411:
1289:
1019:
937:
866:
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in the UK considered installing a tram network, it consulted experts from its twin city of
357:
129:
20:
5551:
4128:"US-China sister-city project, meant to build bridges, targeted as the two countries spar"
8:
5938:
5898:
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5752:
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5427:
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2716:
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1427:
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968:
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438:(2018), as well as policy-oriented (as opposed to economic and cultural) agreements with
385:
361:
183:
133:
5568:
5563:
4656:
4063:"Tennessee Senator Blackburn urges federal oversight over China's 'Sister City' program"
2263:
1854:
631:
Another example of the use of public art is the wall sculpture of the partner cities of
6069:
5996:
5958:
5953:
5933:
5928:
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5908:
5872:
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Le Mans-Paderborn, 836–1994: dans l'Europe, une amitié séculaire, un sillage de lumière
2301:
1981:
1615:
1269:
580:
305:
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4351:"Osaka mayor to end sister city status with San Francisco over 'comfort women' statue"
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45:
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1933:
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959:. Many twinned towns developed business agreements with their partners. For example,
878:
841:
in 1944, was the first twinned city in Canada and the second in North America, while
309:
110:
3617:
1929:
An English Queen and Stalingrad: The Story Of Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon
612:, Greater London. The five main paintings show a number of the main features of the
583:
in 1947 was the first British town to form links with a former "enemy" city –
6034:
5918:
5852:
5772:
5762:
5717:
5696:
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3330:(Press release). London Borough of Sutton press office. 6 June 2011. Archived from
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19:"Sister cities", "Twin town", and "Partner city" redirect here. For the films, see
2008:"World War II commemorations: the story of the Coventry tablecloth and Stalingrad"
360:. In addition to C40, other organisations facilitating city diplomacy include the
6017:
5948:
5822:
5626:
5472:
4243:
4206:"Milan severs twin city ties with St Petersburg over 'homosexual propaganda' ban"
3461:
3278:
2964:
2779:
2472:
2164:
1494:
890:
850:
727:
329:
3592:
1730:: The City of Inverness Town Twinning Committee. 8 December 2008. Archived from
1293:
936:
A twin towns program was instituted in the United States in 1956 when President
809:
128:
The comradeship between the two cities continued, when again in response to the
5943:
5913:
5802:
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Take your partners – The local authority handbook on international partnerships
1368:
1312:
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882:
838:
788:
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563:
531:
in West Yorkshire, England, had a twinning arrangement with French communities
352:
106:
3017:"Town-twinning as a factor generating international flows of goods and people"
2869:
Take your partners: The local authority handbook on international partnerships
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5817:
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in Russia and offered the same profit-sharing plan to its Russian employees.
906:
846:
833:
in 1931, and was the first city in North America to engage in town twinning.
830:
317:
277:
98:
4258:"Political Notebook: Cities asked to suspend ties with Russian counterparts"
584:
4319:"'Comfort Women' Statue in San Francisco Leads a Japanese City to Cut Ties"
3889:
1796:"I love Volgograd: the enduring wartime relationship with one British city"
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81:
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2872:. London: Local Government International Bureau. p. 4. Archived from
246: – fraternisation) has been adopted. In Iceland, the terms
204:(Czech), which translate as "partner town" or "partner city". France uses
5893:
5727:
3143:
1762:"A tale of twin cities: how Coventry and Stalingrad invented the concept"
1630:
1595:
1524:
930:
750:
544:
427:
381:
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33:
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539:. The first recorded modern twinning agreement was between Keighley and
5975:
5448:
4018:"Turkey blackmails Bulgarian municipalities over the Armenian genocide"
2873:
2208:
1863:
Roll of the Mayors of Coventry - 1941 Alfred Robert Grindley (Grindlay)
1547:
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956:
886:
803:
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688:
625:
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118:
53:
49:
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2623:
60:, showing the direction from the post of each of the city's twin towns
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5656:
5381:
4575:"Barcelona mayor severs ties with twin city of Tel Aviv, 'apartheid'"
4049:
Beijing Rules: How China Weaponized Its Economy to Confront the World
2411:
1727:
1590:
1379:
1353:
1334:
1082:
998:
870:
820:
742:
731:
719:
664:
555:
520:
431:
281:
262:, "twin towns" and "twin cities" were used, and in Russian, they use
157:
localities of any scope such as villages, prefectures, or countries.
122:
27:
4382:"Japan city mayor lodges protest over "comfort women" memorial cost"
3165:
2207:(10 ed.). Local Government International Bureau. Archived from
1308:
390:
H.R.3571 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): City and State Diplomacy Act.
339:
The phrase "city diplomacy" is formally used in the workings of the
301:
5691:
5385:
4630:
3355:
1551:
1528:
1383:
1357:
1349:
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873:, UK, both centers for primary medical research, twinned in 1967.
858:
695:
and Dresden. The first US-German town twinning was in 1947 between
656:
640:
551:
532:
528:
443:
411:
102:
3362:
1944:
Alfred Robert Grindlay's telegram to Stalingrad, 16 September 1942
1161:
Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
1016:
Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
955:
in Washington, D.C., honoring Washington's twin relationship with
780:
312:
meet in September 1969 to kick off their sister city relationship.
4515:"Coventry Council decides to pause twinning links with Volgograd"
1957:"Coventry Telegraph: What is the point of Coventry's twin towns?"
1442:
1372:
1304:
1204:
1200:
In 2011, several British towns ended their twinning arrangements.
1150:
1137:
bans partnerships with any city in a country that recognizes the
1127:
city councillors in England to twin with the Palestinian town of
1116:
1103:
1007:
960:
910:
902:
862:
746:
692:
684:
668:
576:
572:
567:
559:
536:
524:
419:
403:
234:("city bond" when providing mutual support). In Greece, the word
145:
4413:"Dutch town ends ties with Polish twin declared 'gay-free zone'"
4095:"Indiana bans sister-city agreements with 'foreign adversaries'"
2593:
32:. For the phenomenon of cities located close to each other, see
5832:
5458:
3964:
2835:
2833:
1532:
1250:
1227:
1208:
1180:
1176:
1146:
1128:
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914:
762:
758:
672:
660:
652:
644:
632:
439:
273:
57:
1145:
recognized the genocide in 2016, some twin agreements such as
909:
and education, and a "similar attitude towards food," whereas
1508:
1474:
1265:
1261:
in Ukraine. Moscow had been Prague's partner city since 1995.
1231:
1223:
1156:
926:
816:
659:
and other university cities. In Italy, two sets of twins are
447:
2830:
1676:"Town Twinning in Britain since 1945: A Summary of findings"
1179:
after Prague's mayor signed a sister city relationship with
4612:
4608:
Town twinning in Europe's municipalities, towns and regions
4067:
3589:
Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece
3247:
2679:"Genève ambitionne de devenir le hub des réseaux de villes"
1458:
1322:
council voted unanimously to suspend its relationship with
648:
592:
141:
3822:
Lomová, Olga; Lulu, Jichang; Hála, Martin (28 July 2019).
4686:
3405:"Boring in Oregon votes to pair with Dull in Perthshire"
1581:
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations
1031:
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations
222:(twinned municipality). In the Netherlands, the term is
117:, culminating in his renowned telegram to the people of
4624:"Twinnings for Tomorrow's World – A Practical Handbook"
3298:"Murals for Sutton twin towns to get new lease of life"
3274:"Murals for Sutton twin towns to get new lease of life"
2238:
The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
519:
The earliest known town twinning in Europe was between
2496:
2494:
929:, Italy, is due to both cities' long association with
683:. Famous examples are the partnerships of Hanover and
132:, 830 women in Coventry – led by the subsequent Mayor
4237:
Sister Cities Ramp Up Russia Boycott Over Antigay Law
3464:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 6 December 2002.
1014:
China's sister city relationships are managed by the
981:
List of twin towns and sister cities in South America
775:
List of twin towns and sister cities in North America
3853:
3851:
3849:
3488:"How Bristol could become the New Orleans of the UK"
849:, was the second twinned city in the United States.
4635:
CEMR Council of European Municipalities and Regions
3761:"Chicago has assembled a sorority of sister cities"
2923:
2491:
861:, the capital city of Uzbekistan, was twinned with
397:
4349:
4204:
3041:
2477:Paradiplomacy: Cities and States as Global Players
543:in Nord, France, in 1920 following the end of the
4288:"Prague suspends partnership with Russian cities"
4246:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (19 July 2013).
3846:
3783:
3112:(Press release). www.ukprwire.com. Archived from
2784:(in French). Le Mans: M. Balavoine. pp. 1–42
2777:
2467:
2465:
2463:
6096:
3904:"Osaka City Government Economic Strategy Bureau"
2228:
2226:
1356:(formerly Stalingrad) and explore twinning with
1352:voted to temporarily pause the city's link with
1111:, even though it was controlled at the time and
210:(jumelage, twinned town or city), and Italy has
87:
4179:"Nanjing suspends official contact with Nagoya"
3574:
3370:
3010:
3008:
2506:"Cities Will Determine the Future of Diplomacy"
2073:L'Association des Communes Jumelées du Limousin
1063:List of twin towns and sister cities in Oceania
253:
247:
3821:
3072:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2538:"Lords Hansard text for 26 Mar 2014 (pt 0001)"
2460:
1683:School of Geography, University of Southampton
1606:List of twin towns and sister cities in Europe
1207:suspended their sister city relationship with
1159:manages sister city relationships through the
1051:List of twin towns and sister cities in Africa
599:Council of European Municipalities and Regions
514:List of twin towns and sister cities in Europe
5366:
4672:
4249:
3935:"Tokyo Governor Seeks Better Ties With Seoul"
3480:
3454:
3320:
3136:"Bath Alkmaar Twinning Association | ORIGINS"
3014:
2937:. Newsquest Media Group. 2002. Archived from
2771:
2223:
2201:Handley, Susan (2006). Barton, Judith (ed.).
1272:, ended the city's 60-year relationship with
951:Twin town cultural events include the annual
263:
217:
211:
3736:. Portland Bologna Sister City Association.
3005:
2352:
993:List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia
205:
193:
187:
5380:
4280:
3857:
2888:
2778:Lelièvre, Jean; Balavoine, Maurice (1994).
2564:"Five key lessons for city competitiveness"
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
1175:canceled its sister city relationship with
1077:), they may share names (as in the case of
1029:Town twinning is supported in Japan by the
597:was allocated to about 1,300 projects. The
241:
235:
229:
223:
199:
5373:
5359:
4679:
4665:
3670:
2979:
1925:
1884:Message from Coventry to Stalingrad (1941)
1163:(CPAFFC). In April 2019, CPAFCC president
967:Ice Cream company opened a factory in the
3379:"A Tale of Dull and Boring Sister Cities"
3361:
2953:
2500:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1097:was twinned with the Azerbaijani city of
1088:
940:proposed a citizen diplomacy initiative.
356:talent" has also been highlighted by the
36:. For the album by the Wonder Years, see
3791:"Sister Cities International Fact Sheet"
3351:
3349:
2324:"Tbilisi, Vilnius become brother cities"
2187:
2061:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1240:Russia's passage of anti-gay legislation
997:
905:, Italy arose from shared industries in
808:
794:
779:
616:and its four twin towns, along with the
457:
295:
258:(friend cities) are used. In the former
164:
44:
4545:"Eugene suspends sister city in Russia"
4512:
4125:
3218:"Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération"
3047:
2931:"Keighley celebrates twin town jubilee"
2865:
2471:
2286:
2200:
1882:from the original on 26 December 2004.
1426:Insignia of twin towns on town hall in
1375:due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
917:, Poland began with Chicago's historic
16:Agreement between geographical entities
6097:
4410:
4347:
4316:
3932:
3758:
3648:"Liberal wins 60th Int'l Pancake race"
3210:
3015:Furmankiewicz, Marek (21 March 2004).
2418:from the original on 22 September 2020
2158:
2156:
1704:
944:(SCI) was originally a program of the
406:has "sister province" agreements with
5558:Conseiller chargé des investissements
5354:
4660:
4448:
4446:
4255:
4075:from the original on 18 November 2020
4046:
4015:
3740:from the original on 20 December 2011
3468:from the original on 17 December 2007
3462:"Pratchett city twins with real town"
3346:
2963:. www.ghajnsielem.com. Archived from
2901:"Town twinning in the UK and Germany"
2802:
2604:from the original on 16 December 2019
2334:from the original on 14 November 2009
2316:
2234:"Action 1 – Measure 1: Town Twinning"
2162:
1835:from the original on 11 December 2023
1793:
1648:
1601:Lists of twin towns and sister cities
1068:
351:. A March 2014 debate in the British
169:A sample twinning agreement (between
6077:
4585:from the original on 9 February 2023
4555:from the original on 30 October 2023
4329:from the original on 23 January 2018
4256:Bajko, Matthew S. (15 August 2013).
4217:from the original on 11 January 2022
4176:
4028:from the original on 12 January 2021
3658:from the original on 22 October 2012
3628:from the original on 27 January 2016
3376:
3172:from the original on 10 October 2019
2993:from the original on 17 October 2014
2911:from the original on 31 October 2010
2518:from the original on 8 November 2019
2448:from the original on 18 January 2018
2244:from the original on 19 October 2013
2165:"Twin towns: Do we still need them?"
2111:from the original on 7 February 2022
1823:
1821:
1789:
1787:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1081:), or their names may have a common
527:, France, in 836. Starting in 1905,
4362:from the original on 8 January 2018
3771:from the original on 7 October 2013
3433:
3286:from the original on 26 August 2014
2859:
2843:. www.francemag.com. Archived from
2353:Self-Pierson, Rob (30 April 2012).
2294:"Mogilev: Twin Towns – Twin Cities"
2274:from the original on 9 January 2016
2153:
1967:from the original on 18 June 2018.
1861:from the original on 8 April 2011.
1307:, voted to end its friendship with
1061:For a more comprehensive list, see
1049:For a more comprehensive list, see
991:For a more comprehensive list, see
979:For a more comprehensive list, see
773:For a more comprehensive list, see
512:For a more comprehensive list, see
345:C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
341:United Cities and Local Governments
300:From left, mayors Kåre Nordgård of
74:a form of legal or social agreement
13:
4525:from the original on 22 March 2022
4494:from the original on 24 March 2022
4443:
4317:Fortin, Jacey (25 November 2017).
4294:. 2 September 2014. Archived from
4140:from the original on 9 August 2024
4107:from the original on 20 March 2024
3971:from the original on 5 August 2013
3945:from the original on 13 March 2016
3933:Martin, Alexander (23 July 2014).
3858:Curtis, Simon; Klaus, Ian (2024).
3494:. 27 February 2014. Archived from
3436:"Dull and Boring? Sounds exciting"
2809:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 200.
2175:from the original on 7 August 2013
1847:
1673:
1299:In July 2020, the town council of
105:on 14 November 1940, known as the
14:
6136:
6120:Municipal international relations
4601:
4513:Johnson, Morgan (22 March 2022).
4464:from the original on 1 March 2022
4431:from the original on 19 July 2020
4348:Taylor, Adam (25 November 2017).
4177:Wang, Chuhan (22 February 2012).
3562:from the original on 5 March 2020
2727:from the original on 6 April 2022
2697:from the original on 5 March 2020
2355:"Is there a point to twin towns?"
1907:from the original on 4 April 2023
1818:
1794:Danks, Catherine (18 June 2018).
1784:
1749:
1445:, Bulgaria, twin towns directions
1123:. An attempt was made in 2003 by
1006:(top) and Kuala Lumpur Avenue in
628:in the borough derives its name.
462:Column dedicated to Paris in Rome
291:
6076:
6065:
6064:
4047:Allen, Bethany (1 August 2023).
3759:Leroux, Charles (31 July 2001).
3652:United Press International (UPI)
3415:from the original on 4 June 2016
3254:from the original on 17 May 2009
3080:"Coventry—Twin towns and cities"
2594:"Smart City Expo World Congress"
2544:from the original on 9 June 2016
2414:. Douzelage. 21 September 2016.
2392:from the original on 16 May 2017
2298:Mogilev city executive committee
2141:from the original on 20 May 2021
2036:
2018:from the original on 20 May 2021
1806:from the original on 20 May 2021
1772:from the original on 20 May 2021
1559:
1540:
1516:
1501:
1482:
1466:
1450:
1435:
1419:
1404:
1253:terminated its partnership with
974:
953:National Cherry Blossom Festival
768:
498:
484:
470:
398:Twinning beyond cities and towns
6052:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
4567:
4537:
4506:
4476:
4411:Boffey, Daniel (16 July 2020).
4404:
4374:
4341:
4310:
4229:
4197:
4170:
4152:
4126:Magnier, Mark (9 August 2024).
4119:
4087:
4055:
4040:
4016:Gotev, Georgi (15 March 2016).
4009:
3983:
3957:
3926:
3896:
3834:from the original on 4 May 2020
3815:
3752:
3726:
3696:
3640:
3610:
3542:
3510:
3427:
3397:
3381:. The World.org. Archived from
3266:
3240:
3184:
3158:
3128:
3102:
3048:Griffin, Mary (2 August 2011).
2796:
2739:
2709:
2671:
2641:
2616:
2586:
2556:
2530:
2430:
2404:
2372:
2346:
2256:
2123:
2091:
2030:
2000:
1974:
1949:
1378:In February 2023, the mayor of
1238:, suspended their links due to
1222:In 2013, the Italian cities of
1186:In November 2020, U.S. senator
687:, both of which have important
3991:"Nablus twinning bid rejected"
3304:. 12 June 2011. Archived from
2841:"France Magazine – Twin Towns"
2747:"California-Alberta Relations"
1919:
1889:
1868:
1721:"The Origins of Town Twinning"
1337:cut ties with their twin-town
1215:statements by Nagoya's mayor,
1194:
370:Smart City Expo World Congress
349:USC Center on Public Diplomacy
160:
109:. First conceived by the then
1:
2989:. www.amazingdusseldorf.com.
1641:
1511:, Israel, a twin towns garden
1259:Russian military intervention
88:Origins of the modern concept
6047:Twin towns and sister cities
5338:Partially recognised country
4691:twin towns and sister cities
4160:"Why are towns un-twinning?"
2961:"Ghajnsielem.com – Twinning"
2717:"International partnerships"
1926:Kulishenko, Natalia (2020).
1855:"www.historiccoventry.co.uk"
1326:as a result of the on-going
722:, England is partnered with
404:Canadian province of Alberta
316:City diplomacy is a form of
177:, Germany ('Partnerschaft'))
173:, Italy ('gemellaggio') and
7:
5342:Sister Cities International
4622:
2163:Brown, Tom (31 July 2013).
1621:Sister Cities International
1574:
1362:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1343:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1328:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1311:in eastern Poland, citing "
1288:. Similarly, the cities of
1153:were terminated by Turkey.
1131:in the name of solidarity.
1035:Sister Cities International
942:Sister Cities International
347:, and is recognised by the
242:
10:
6141:
6040:Plenipotentiary Conference
2131:"Who are we twinned with?"
1932:. Glagoslav Publications.
1394:
1382:broke ties with twin city
1367:In July 2022, the city of
1257:and Moscow because of the
1213:Nanjing Massacre denialist
1115:by the military forces of
1060:
1056:
1048:
990:
978:
772:
511:
18:
6060:
6010:
5984:
5886:
5710:
5639:
5619:
5591:
5535:
5502:
5486:
5441:
5408:
5399:
5392:
5335:
5307:
5279:
5144:
5094:
5018:
4933:
4872:
4863:
4740:
4697:
4549:KLCC | NPR for Oregonians
1961:www.coventrytelegraph.net
1276:due to the erection of a
1044:
946:National League of Cities
453:
436:California, United States
264:
236:
6030:Parliamentary delegation
5909:Diplomatic accreditation
5675:African Diplomatic Corps
5416:Permanent representative
4133:South China Morning Post
3862:. New Haven and London:
3708:Town of Oakville Website
2806:War and World Government
2268:thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it
2069:"What is town twinning?"
1876:"www.talkingbirds.co.uk"
1586:Cross-border town naming
1303:, a Dutch city south of
1234:, formerly twinned with
1169:Belt and Road Initiative
614:London Borough of Sutton
424:Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
268:(sworn brother cities).
144:as early as in 1947 and
6115:International relations
5478:Deputy chief of mission
5433:Resident representative
4618:UK Town Twinning Portal
3939:The Wall Street Journal
3622:www.vancouverhistory.ca
3050:"Coventry's twin towns"
2866:Handley, Susan (2006).
2481:Oxford University Press
2169:BBC East Midlands Today
986:
865:, Washington, in 1973.
785:Dull, Perth and Kinross
739:Nottingham City Council
622:environmental awareness
491:Sutton twin towns mural
444:Missouri, United States
322:international relations
5924:Diplomatic credentials
5031:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4242:8 January 2018 at the
4181:. CNTV. Archived from
3438:. KVAL. Archived from
3110:"Disney seeks UK twin"
1636:Twinning (cooperation)
1473:Twin town monument in
1371:suspended its ties to
1286:downtown San Francisco
1264:In 2017, the mayor of
1089:Political significance
1079:Santiago de Compostela
1011:
823:
806:
792:
697:Worthington, Minnesota
505:The painting of Minden
463:
366:City Mayors Foundation
334:address climate change
313:
254:
248:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
194:
188:
178:
115:Alfred Robert Grindlay
61:
5515:Resident commissioner
5487:Bilateral-subnational
4262:The Bay Area Reporter
4051:. Harper. p. 59.
3864:Yale University Press
3084:Coventry City Council
2935:Telegraph & Argus
2803:Crane, Frank (2008).
2628:Strong Cities Network
2598:www.smartcityexpo.com
2104:Coventry City Council
1203:In 2012, the city of
1119:and the unrecognised
1001:
855:Olney, United Kingdom
843:Denver, United States
827:Toledo, United States
812:
800:Los Angeles City Hall
798:
783:
477:The painting of Gagny
461:
440:Nevada, United States
378:100 Resilient Cities.
299:
168:
48:
38:Sister Cities (album)
5647:Apostolic nunciature
5547:Agricultural attaché
4488:Doncaster Free Press
4460:. 28 February 2022.
4298:on 12 September 2014
4213:. 29 November 2012.
4071:. 18 November 2020.
3308:on 11 September 2014
3192:"Twinning with Rome"
2759:on 29 September 2018
2653:100 Resilient Cities
2568:World Economic Forum
1290:Glendale, California
1171:.” In January 2020,
1141:. As a result, when
938:Dwight D. Eisenhower
867:Rochester, Minnesota
448:Texas, United States
408:Gangwon, South Korea
358:World Economic Forum
280:in South Korea. The
130:Battle of Stalingrad
5939:Diplomatic immunity
5899:Consular assistance
5428:Ambassador-at-large
4581:. 9 February 2023.
4356:The Washington Post
4268:on 11 December 2013
3872:10.2307/jj.11589102
3678:"Pancake Race 2007"
3198:on 5 September 2012
3140:www.bath-alkmaar.eu
2659:on 14 December 2019
2079:on 5 September 2013
2049:on 28 December 2021
2043:www.coventry.gov.uk
2039:"Volgograd, Russia"
1737:on 31 December 2010
1569:, Hungary twinnings
1457:Twin town signs of
1428:Kralupy nad Vltavou
1360:instead due to the
1318:In March 2022, the
1121:Republic of Artsakh
969:Republic of Karelia
875:Ontario, California
711:and the US town of
416:Heilongjiang, China
386:Department of State
374:Strong City Network
362:World Cities Summit
252:(friend towns) and
184:European Commission
5997:Letter of credence
5959:Diplomatic uniform
5954:Diplomatic service
5934:Diplomatic illness
5929:Diplomatic history
5682:Diplomatic mission
5599:Diplomatic courier
5579:Trade commissioner
5442:Bilateral-national
4613:Twinning in Europe
4579:The Jerusalem Post
4323:The New York Times
3684:on 6 February 2010
3442:on 22 October 2013
3228:on 11 October 2007
3146:on 26 October 2017
3054:Coventry Telegraph
2967:on 24 January 2013
2907:. 6 October 2010.
2574:on 19 October 2014
2483:. pp. 10–15,
2304:on 19 October 2013
2099:"Belgrade, Serbia"
1616:Partnership2Gether
1554:twinning agreement
1527:, UK – Twin towns
1348:On 22 March 2022,
1270:Hirofumi Yoshimura
1069:Linguistic reasons
1012:
1002:Esfahan Street in
921:. The twinning of
824:
807:
793:
689:trade fair grounds
626:Carshalton Beeches
464:
314:
306:George M. Sullivan
195:miasto partnerskie
179:
62:
6110:Cultural exchange
6092:
6091:
6002:Letter of protest
5970:Persona non grata
5904:Consular immunity
5702:Exclusive mandate
5635:
5634:
5587:
5586:
5552:Chargé de mission
5503:Bilateral-insular
5467:Chargé d'affaires
5454:High commissioner
5348:
5347:
5140:
5139:
4166:. 5 January 2012.
4103:. 18 March 2024.
3997:. 30 October 2003
3582:"Greek twinnings"
3498:on 19 August 2014
3434:Gambino, Lauren.
3377:LeVeille, David.
3334:on 25 August 2014
2816:978-0-559-44381-7
2683:Tribune de Genève
2504:(16 April 2019).
2328:Trend News Agency
1963:. 2 August 2011.
1477:, Sabah, Malaysia
1388:Israeli apartheid
1320:City of Melbourne
1139:Armenian genocide
965:Ben & Jerry's
879:Oakville, Ontario
853:was twinned with
835:Vancouver, Canada
819:, in sister city
310:Anchorage, Alaska
111:Mayor of Coventry
6132:
6080:
6079:
6068:
6067:
5919:Diplomatic cable
5697:Protecting power
5670:Diplomatic corps
5611:Foreign minister
5604:King's Messenger
5569:Military attaché
5564:Cultural attaché
5406:
5405:
5397:
5396:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5352:
5351:
4870:
4869:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4637:. Archived from
4628:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4551:. 20 July 2022.
4541:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4490:. 1 March 2022.
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4388:. Archived from
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4353:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4264:. Archived from
4253:
4247:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4022:www.euractiv.com
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3914:on 15 April 2021
3910:. Archived from
3908:city.osaka.lg.jp
3900:
3894:
3893:
3855:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3803:on 24 March 2012
3802:
3796:. Archived from
3795:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3714:on 7 August 2020
3710:. Archived from
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3680:. Archived from
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3591:. Archived from
3586:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3523:. Archived from
3522:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3282:. 12 June 2011.
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3250:. Twinning.org.
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3224:. Archived from
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3194:. Archived from
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3142:. Archived from
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3090:on 12 April 2013
3086:. Archived from
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:on 6 August 2013
3056:. Archived from
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2905:East Street Arts
2897:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2752:. Archived from
2751:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2655:. Archived from
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2570:. Archived from
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2473:Tavares, Rodrigo
2469:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2300:. Archived from
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2198:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2075:. Archived from
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2045:. Archived from
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1800:The Conversation
1791:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1768:. 4 March 2016.
1758:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1725:
1717:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1685:. Archived from
1680:
1671:
1563:
1544:
1531:, Ethiopia, and
1520:
1505:
1486:
1470:
1454:
1439:
1430:, Czech Republic
1423:
1408:
1315:" as the reason.
1255:Saint Petersburg
1236:Saint Petersburg
1217:Takashi Kawamura
1188:Marsha Blackburn
1024:public diplomacy
919:Polish community
899:Portland, Oregon
881:is twinned with
802:with twin towns
787:is twinned with
596:
502:
488:
474:
432:Guangdong, China
267:
266:
265:города-побратимы
257:
251:
245:
239:
238:
233:
227:
221:
219:comune gemellato
215:
209:
203:
201:partnerské město
197:
191:
151:Belgrade Theatre
72:relationship is
6140:
6139:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6056:
6018:Development aid
6006:
5980:
5949:Diplomatic rank
5882:
5706:
5687:High commission
5631:
5627:Diplomatic rank
5615:
5583:
5574:Science attaché
5531:
5498:
5482:
5473:Head of mission
5437:
5401:
5388:
5379:
5349:
5344:
5331:
5303:
5275:
5136:
5090:
5066:North Macedonia
5014:
4929:
4859:
4815:Northern Cyprus
4736:
4693:
4685:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4626:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4392:on 4 March 2016
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4346:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4254:
4250:
4244:Wayback Machine
4234:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4185:on 5 March 2016
4175:
4171:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3882:
3866:. p. 171.
3856:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3765:Chicago Tribune
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3598:on 30 June 2017
3595:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3530:on 1 March 2020
3527:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3411:. 6 June 2012.
3403:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3385:on 30 June 2013
3375:
3371:
3354:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3311:
3309:
3296:
3289:
3287:
3279:Sutton Guardian
3272:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3222:Mairie de Paris
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3030:
3029:on 29 July 2013
3026:
3019:
3013:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2941:on 11 July 2020
2929:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2899:
2898:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:on 17 July 2011
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2847:on 25 July 2020
2839:
2838:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2502:Hachigian, Nina
2499:
2492:
2470:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2442:austintexas.gov
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2211:on 17 July 2011
2199:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1692:on 29 July 2013
1689:
1678:
1672:
1649:
1644:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1333:In March 2022,
1242:. Activists in
1197:
1091:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
996:
989:
984:
977:
891:Neyagawa, Osaka
851:Liberal, Kansas
845:, twinned with
778:
771:
755:George Ferguson
732:Discworld books
728:Terry Pratchett
618:heraldic shield
595:12 million
591:
558:and later with
523:, Germany, and
517:
510:
509:
508:
507:
506:
503:
494:
493:
492:
489:
480:
479:
478:
475:
456:
420:Jalisco, Mexico
412:Hokkaido, Japan
400:
330:Rodrigo Tavares
328:. According to
294:
216:(twinning) and
163:
90:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6138:
6128:
6127:
6125:Types of towns
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6105:Cities by type
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6074:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5944:Diplomatic law
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5914:Diplomatic bag
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5659:
5654:
5652:Consular corps
5649:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5623:
5621:
5620:Classification
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5554:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5536:By portfolio (
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5421:United Nations
5412:
5410:
5403:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5355:
5346:
5345:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5239:North Carolina
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4993:United Kingdom
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Czech Republic
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4644:on 13 May 2008
4620:
4615:
4610:
4603:
4602:External links
4600:
4597:
4596:
4566:
4536:
4505:
4475:
4442:
4403:
4373:
4340:
4309:
4279:
4248:
4228:
4196:
4169:
4151:
4118:
4086:
4054:
4039:
4008:
3982:
3956:
3925:
3895:
3880:
3845:
3814:
3782:
3751:
3725:
3695:
3669:
3639:
3609:
3573:
3541:
3509:
3479:
3453:
3426:
3396:
3369:
3345:
3319:
3265:
3239:
3209:
3183:
3157:
3127:
3116:on 3 July 2011
3101:
3071:
3040:
3004:
2978:
2952:
2922:
2887:
2858:
2829:
2815:
2795:
2770:
2738:
2721:www.alberta.ca
2708:
2670:
2640:
2615:
2585:
2555:
2529:
2511:Foreign Policy
2490:
2459:
2429:
2412:"Member towns"
2403:
2371:
2345:
2315:
2285:
2255:
2222:
2186:
2152:
2122:
2090:
2060:
2037:Hook, Alison.
2029:
1999:
1973:
1948:
1938:
1918:
1888:
1867:
1846:
1817:
1783:
1748:
1703:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:as the reason.
1376:
1369:Eugene, Oregon
1365:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1313:gay free zones
1297:
1262:
1247:
1220:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1090:
1087:
1070:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1039:Yoichi Masuzoe
988:
985:
976:
973:
887:Huai'an, China
883:Dorval, Quebec
839:Odesa, Ukraine
789:Boring, Oregon
770:
767:
713:Boring, Oregon
675:. Many former
504:
497:
496:
495:
490:
483:
482:
481:
476:
469:
468:
467:
466:
465:
455:
452:
442:(since 2013),
414:(since 1980),
410:(since 1974),
399:
396:
353:House of Lords
293:
292:City diplomacy
290:
162:
159:
107:Coventry Blitz
89:
86:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6137:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6085:
6084:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
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5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Paradiplomacy
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5783:Full-spectrum
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5527:Agent-general
5525:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:leader titles
5398:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5364:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5343:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5309:South America
5306:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:New Hampshire
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5219:Massachusetts
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5174:United States
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5146:North America
5143:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4946:Faroe Islands
4944:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
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4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
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4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
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4489:
4485:
4479:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
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4387:
4383:
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4361:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4235:Claire Bigg,
4232:
4216:
4212:
4211:The Telegraph
4207:
4200:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4100:Daily Journal
4096:
4090:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3881:9780300266900
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3704:"Sister City"
3699:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3350:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3009:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2875:
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2870:
2862:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:(in French).
2684:
2680:
2674:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2573:
2569:
2565:
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2543:
2539:
2533:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2388:
2381:
2380:"Sister City"
2375:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2140:
2136:
2135:warwick.ac.uk
2132:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1987:
1986:ar.culture.ru
1983:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1939:9781912894628
1935:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
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1860:
1856:
1850:
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1830:
1824:
1822:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
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1722:
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1714:
1712:
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1708:
1688:
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1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Sister castle
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Paradiplomacy
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1562:
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1549:
1543:
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1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1414:'s twin towns
1413:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:St Petersburg
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:comfort women
1279:
1275:
1274:San Francisco
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
1000:
994:
982:
975:South America
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:'s link with
912:
908:
907:biotechnology
904:
900:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:Brest, France
844:
840:
837:twinned with
836:
832:
831:Toledo, Spain
829:twinned with
828:
822:
818:
815:
811:
805:
801:
797:
790:
786:
782:
776:
769:North America
766:
764:
761:, France and
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
705:St Petersburg
702:
698:
694:
691:, or between
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
636:
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
594:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:twinned with
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
515:
501:
487:
473:
460:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Lviv, Ukraine
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
395:
392:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
326:nation states
323:
319:
318:paradiplomacy
311:
307:
303:
298:
289:
285:
283:
279:
276:in China and
275:
269:
261:
256:
250:
244:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
207:ville jumelée
202:
198:(Polish) and
196:
190:
185:
176:
172:
167:
158:
154:
152:
147:
143:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:Toledo, Spain
96:
85:
83:
77:
75:
71:
67:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
30:
25:
23:
22:Sister Cities
6082:
6070:
6046:
6011:Other topics
5968:
5878:Wolf warrior
5662:
5556:
5465:
5409:Multilateral
5340:· See also:
5254:Rhode Island
5249:Pennsylvania
4727:South Africa
4690:
4646:. Retrieved
4639:the original
4587:. Retrieved
4578:
4569:
4557:. Retrieved
4548:
4539:
4527:. Retrieved
4519:CoventryLive
4518:
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4487:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4457:
4433:. Retrieved
4417:The Guardian
4416:
4406:
4394:. Retrieved
4390:the original
4385:
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4355:
4343:
4331:. Retrieved
4322:
4312:
4302:12 September
4300:. Retrieved
4296:the original
4291:
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4266:the original
4261:
4251:
4231:
4219:. Retrieved
4210:
4199:
4187:. Retrieved
4183:the original
4172:
4163:
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4131:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4098:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4066:
4057:
4048:
4042:
4030:. Retrieved
4021:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3994:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3959:
3947:. Retrieved
3938:
3928:
3916:. Retrieved
3912:the original
3907:
3898:
3859:
3836:. Retrieved
3827:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3798:the original
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3764:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:the original
3707:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:the original
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3651:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3621:
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3593:the original
3588:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3544:
3532:. Retrieved
3525:the original
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:the original
3492:Bristol Post
3491:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:the original
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3408:
3399:
3387:. Retrieved
3383:the original
3372:
3338:10 September
3336:. Retrieved
3332:the original
3322:
3312:10 September
3310:. Retrieved
3306:the original
3301:
3290:10 September
3288:. Retrieved
3277:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3226:the original
3221:
3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3196:the original
3186:
3174:. Retrieved
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3144:the original
3139:
3130:
3118:. Retrieved
3114:the original
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3088:the original
3083:
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:the original
3053:
3043:
3031:. Retrieved
3024:the original
2995:. Retrieved
2987:"Twin Towns"
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2965:the original
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2939:the original
2934:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2904:
2880:20 September
2878:. Retrieved
2874:the original
2868:
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2845:the original
2822:20 September
2820:. Retrieved
2805:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2780:
2773:
2763:29 September
2761:. Retrieved
2754:the original
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:the original
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2359:The Guardian
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2203:
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2171:. BBC News.
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2011:
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1900:
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1766:The Guardian
1765:
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1694:. Retrieved
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1567:Zalaegerszeg
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1294:Higashiōsaka
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5592:Other roles
5299:New Zealand
5194:Connecticut
5132:Switzerland
5127:Netherlands
4835:South Korea
4830:Philippines
4589:27 February
4366:23 February
4333:23 February
4292:Prague Post
4221:30 November
4079:19 November
3918:27 February
3890:jj.11589102
3472:5 September
3446:22 February
3302:London News
3248:"Twinnings"
2663:17 December
2649:"Home Page"
2633:17 December
2608:17 December
2522:11 November
2115:14 February
2083:5 September
1839:11 December
1674:Clarke, N.
1631:Twin cities
1596:Global city
1525:Glastonbury
1523:Welcome to
1341:due to the
1195:Termination
931:auto racing
751:New Orleans
677:West German
635:, Germany.
566:formed an "
545:World War I
382:US Congress
260:Soviet Bloc
225:partnerstad
213:gemellaggio
175:Blieskastel
161:Terminology
134:Emily Smith
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6099:Categories
5976:Soft power
5848:Preventive
5838:Pilgrimage
5733:Commercial
5449:Ambassador
5400:Diplomatic
5269:Washington
5184:California
5122:Luxembourg
5061:Montenegro
4760:Bangladesh
4755:Azerbaijan
4707:Cape Verde
4648:11 January
4386:GlobalPost
4032:10 January
3807:10 October
3566:10 October
3534:10 October
3232:14 October
3176:10 October
3120:30 October
2997:29 October
2971:10 October
2851:6 November
2452:18 January
2338:12 October
2308:19 October
2278:10 October
1741:30 October
1642:References
1548:Kragujevac
1412:Louisville
1301:Nieuwegein
1244:California
1165:Li Xiaolin
1113:until 2020
1109:Azerbaijan
957:Tokyo City
804:fingerpost
701:Crailsheim
606:Public art
585:Düsseldorf
556:Stalingrad
255:vinaborgir
231:stedenband
192:(German),
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5992:Exequatur
5985:Documents
5843:Ping-pong
5813:Migration
5788:Guerrilla
5778:Freelance
5753:Debt-trap
5723:Checkbook
5657:Consulate
5386:diplomats
5382:Diplomacy
5317:Argentina
5289:Australia
5169:Nicaragua
4978:Lithuania
4825:Palestine
4780:Indonesia
4425:0261-3077
4272:27 August
3734:"Mission"
3602:25 August
3502:17 August
3363:1301.6900
2945:5 January
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2264:"termine"
2248:26 August
2215:13 August
1728:Inverness
1591:Douzelage
1461:, Finland
1380:Barcelona
1354:Volgograd
1335:Doncaster
1249:In 2014,
1083:etymology
893:, Japan.
871:Knebworth
821:Melbourne
743:Karlsruhe
720:Wincanton
665:Viernheim
521:Paderborn
282:Douzelage
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29:Twin Town
6071:Category
6023:Agencies
5964:Protocol
5873:Track II
5768:Economic
5743:Culinary
5738:Cultural
5728:Coercive
5692:Legation
5663:De facto
5510:Resident
5234:New York
5224:Michigan
5214:Maryland
5204:Illinois
5189:Colorado
5081:Slovenia
5071:Portugal
5019:Southern
5003:Scotland
4934:Northern
4920:Slovakia
4885:Bulgaria
4845:Thailand
4820:Pakistan
4810:Malaysia
4688:Lists of
4631:Brussels
4583:Archived
4553:Archived
4529:22 March
4523:Archived
4492:Archived
4462:Archived
4458:ABC News
4429:Archived
4396:26 April
4360:Archived
4327:Archived
4240:Archived
4215:Archived
4164:BBC News
4144:9 August
4138:Archived
4111:20 March
4105:Archived
4073:Archived
4026:Archived
4001:26 April
3995:BBC News
3975:26 April
3969:Archived
3949:26 April
3943:Archived
3838:22 April
3832:Archived
3828:Sinopsis
3769:Archived
3738:Archived
3718:14 April
3688:26 April
3662:30 April
3656:Archived
3626:Archived
3557:Archived
3466:Archived
3419:26 April
3413:Archived
3409:BBC News
3284:Archived
3252:Archived
3170:Archived
3094:6 August
3064:6 August
2991:Archived
2909:Archived
2788:9 August
2725:Archived
2695:Archived
2602:Archived
2578:26 April
2548:26 April
2542:Archived
2516:Archived
2475:(2016).
2446:Archived
2416:Archived
2387:Archived
2332:Archived
2272:Archived
2242:Archived
2179:7 August
2173:Archived
2139:Archived
2109:Archived
2016:Archived
1992:10 March
1965:Archived
1911:23 March
1905:Archived
1903:. 1942.
1880:Archived
1859:Archived
1833:Archived
1804:Archived
1770:Archived
1575:See also
1552:Suresnes
1535:, Greece
1529:Lalibela
1495:Kitakami
1384:Tel Aviv
1358:Mariupol
1350:Coventry
1278:memorial
1173:Shanghai
1143:Bulgaria
1107:part of
1095:Gyöngyös
1010:(bottom)
859:Tashkent
657:Grenoble
647:is with
641:Brittany
552:Coventry
533:Suresnes
529:Keighley
450:(2018).
446:(2015),
426:(2004),
422:(1999),
418:(1981),
343:and the
249:vinabæir
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5868:Stadium
5863:Shuttle
5858:Science
5808:Medical
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5793:Gunboat
5758:Digital
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5665:embassy
5640:Offices
5538:Attaché
5281:Oceania
5264:Vermont
5199:Florida
5179:Arizona
5117:Germany
5107:Belgium
5102:Austria
5095:Western
5036:Croatia
5026:Albania
4998:England
4968:Ireland
4963:Iceland
4958:Finland
4953:Estonia
4941:Denmark
4925:Ukraine
4910:Romania
4900:Moldova
4895:Hungary
4880:Belarus
4873:Eastern
4855:Vietnam
4770:Georgia
4750:Armenia
4732:Tunisia
4722:Morocco
4468:1 March
4435:24 July
3775:16 July
3744:16 July
3389:15 July
3258:16 June
3150:23 June
3033:29 July
2915:29 July
2731:7 April
2364:14 July
1696:29 July
1491:Concord
1443:Plovdiv
1395:Gallery
1386:citing
1373:Irkutsk
1339:Ozyorsk
1305:Utrecht
1205:Nanjing
1151:Haskovo
1125:Preston
1117:Armenia
1104:de jure
1075:Córdoba
1057:Oceania
1008:Isfahan
961:Vermont
911:Chicago
903:Bologna
863:Seattle
747:Bristol
693:Hamburg
685:Leipzig
669:Bedford
581:Reading
577:Hanover
573:Bristol
568:Alkmaar
560:Dresden
537:Puteaux
525:Le Mans
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6035:Summit
5887:Topics
5853:Public
5833:Parley
5773:Energy
5763:Dollar
5718:Caviar
5494:Consul
5459:Nuncio
5322:Brazil
5164:Mexico
5154:Canada
5112:France
5076:Serbia
5051:Kosovo
5041:Greece
4988:Sweden
4983:Norway
4973:Latvia
4915:Russia
4905:Poland
4865:Europe
4850:Turkey
4840:Taiwan
4805:Jordan
4795:Israel
4699:Africa
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3888:
3878:
3632:21 May
3618:"1944"
3202:27 May
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2396:15 May
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1309:Puławy
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1099:Shusha
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915:Warsaw
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759:Annecy
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667:, and
661:Rovigo
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633:Munich
610:Sutton
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368:, the
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5711:Types
5522:Envoy
5393:Roles
5327:Chile
5259:Texas
5209:Maine
5086:Spain
5056:Malta
5046:Italy
5008:Wales
4800:Japan
4775:India
4765:China
4717:Kenya
4712:Egypt
4642:(PDF)
4627:(PDF)
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4189:9 May
3886:JSTOR
3801:(PDF)
3794:(PDF)
3596:(PDF)
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3560:(PDF)
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1232:Turin
1224:Milan
1157:China
927:Monza
925:with
817:stele
726:from
671:with
663:with
121:(now
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5803:Iron
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5294:Fiji
5244:Ohio
5159:Cuba
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4785:Iran
4742:Asia
4650:2010
4591:2023
4561:2024
4531:2022
4500:2023
4470:2022
4437:2020
4421:ISSN
4398:2016
4368:2023
4335:2023
4304:2014
4274:2013
4223:2012
4191:2018
4146:2024
4113:2024
4081:2020
4068:WTVC
4034:2021
4003:2016
3977:2016
3951:2016
3920:2021
3876:ISBN
3840:2020
3809:2019
3777:2012
3746:2012
3720:2020
3690:2016
3664:2011
3634:2020
3604:2013
3568:2019
3536:2019
3504:2014
3474:2013
3448:2013
3421:2016
3391:2013
3340:2014
3314:2014
3292:2014
3260:2009
3234:2007
3204:2010
3178:2019
3152:2017
3122:2009
3096:2013
3066:2013
3035:2013
2999:2009
2973:2009
2947:2009
2917:2013
2882:2009
2853:2009
2824:2009
2811:ISBN
2790:2013
2765:2018
2733:2022
2703:2022
2687:ISSN
2665:2019
2635:2019
2610:2019
2580:2016
2550:2016
2524:2019
2454:2018
2424:2021
2398:2017
2366:2013
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