578:, the flames quickly spread out of control. During the same period, more than 200 other fires were started across the city, most of which were concentrated in the city centre, setting the area ablaze and overwhelming the firefighters. The telephone network was crippled, hampering the fire service's command and control and making it difficult to send firefighters to the most dangerous blazes first; as the Germans had intended, the water mains were damaged by high explosives, meaning there was not enough water available to tackle many of the fires. The raid reached its climax around midnight with the final all clear sounding at 06:15 on the morning of 15 November.
50:
454:
306:
913:
121:
815:, wrote that "Enigma signals to the X-beam stations were not broken in time" and that he was unaware that Coventry was the intended target. The British were yet unaware that the Luftwaffe had moved from their pilots manually listening to the signals to an automatic narrow-band receiver on board, which caused jamming countermeasures to be ineffective. Jones also noted that Churchill returned to London that afternoon, which indicated that Churchill believed that London was the likely target for the raid.
535:
602:
134:
863:
348:
854:, Birmingham, and Coventry but no dates. There was a hiatus in Ultra decrypts from 01:15 GMT on 13 November until 02:40 on 15 November by which time the raid was well underway: Churchill could not have acted on new Ultra intelligence on the afternoon or evening of the attack because there was none to give him. Intelligence from captured airmen and documents did not offer an unambiguous picture either.
431:
by lorry, and he lay alongside the bomb so that he could hear if it started ticking and could warn the driver to stop and run for cover. Having taken it a safe distance, he disposed of the bomb successfully but was killed whilst dealing with another bomb the next day. Campbell was posthumously awarded a
677:(910–1,810 kg)), and attacked in smaller waves. Each bomber flew several sorties over the target, returning to base in France for more bombs. Thus the attack was spread over several hours, and there were lulls in the raid when firefighters and rescuers could reorganise and evacuate civilians. As
562:
gun-laying radar and 128 concentrations were fired before the bombing severed all lines of communication and the noise drowned out sound-location. The anti-aircraft batteries then fought on in isolation. Some gun positions were able to fire at searchlight beam intersections, glimpsed through the
414:
between August and
October 1940 during which around 198 tons of bombs fell. Together, the raids killed 176 people and injured around 680. The most notable damage was to the new Rex Cinema which had been opened in February 1937 and had already been closed by an earlier bombing raid
430:
Company's works in Canley. War production in two factories had ceased on a temporary basis because of it, and the evacuation of many nearby residents. Campbell found that the bomb was fitted with a delayed action fuse that was impossible to remove, so he transported it to a safe place. That was done
870:
On the night of 8/9 April 1941 Coventry was subject to another large air raid when 230 bombers attacked the city, dropping 315 tons of high explosive and 25,000 incendiaries. In this and another raid two nights later on 10/11 April about 451 people were killed and over
818:
Since 1996, the Ultra decrypts for the period have been available in the UK National
Archives. Between 07:35 GMT on 10 November 1940 and 05:00 on 11 November, a German signal was deciphered and given the serial number CX/JQ/444, paragraph 4. The message set out code words to be
2096:
The devastating raid on the night of 14/15 November 1940, and its aftermath, were vividly described by several civilians interviewed by the BBC several days later. The speakers included Mr. E. Letts, Muriel Drewe, Miss G. M. Ellis and the Very
Reverend R. T. Howard.
581:
In one night, more than 4,300 homes in
Coventry were destroyed and around two-thirds of the city's buildings were damaged. Most of the city centre was destroyed. Two hospitals, two churches and a police station were also damaged. The local police force lost no fewer than nine constables or
676:
In the Allied raids later in the war, 500 or more heavy four-engine bombers all delivered their 3,000–6,000 lb (1,400–2,700 kg) bomb loads in a concentrated wave lasting only a few minutes. At
Coventry, the German twin-engined bombers carried smaller bomb loads (2,000–4,000 pounds
609:
An estimated 568 people were killed in the raid (the exact figure was never precisely confirmed), with another 863 badly injured and 393 sustaining lesser injuries. Given the intensity of the raid, casualties were limited by the fact that a large number of
Coventrians
519:, knocking out the utilities (the water supply, electricity network, telephones and gas mains) and cratering the roads, making it difficult for the fire engines to reach fires started by the later waves of bombers. These later waves dropped a combination of high explosive and
967:. Spence (later knighted for this work) insisted that instead of re-building the old cathedral it should be kept in ruins as a garden of remembrance and that the new cathedral should be built alongside, the two buildings together effectively forming one church. The use of
696:. The British had been waiting for the opportunity to experiment with an incendiary raid, considering it a kind of retaliation for the German raid on Coventry. This was the start of a British drift away from attempting precision attacks on military targets and towards
734:
ordered that no defensive measures should be taken to protect
Coventry, lest the Germans suspect that their cipher had been broken. Winterbotham was a key figure for Ultra and supervised the "Special Liaison Officers" who delivered Ultra material to field commanders.
393:, which were relatively isolated from industrial buildings. The city was also at the centre of Britain's car industry, with many carmakers being based at different locations in Coventry, although many of these factories had switched to help supply the war effort.
488:), was intended to destroy Coventry's factories and industrial infrastructure, although it was clear that damage to the rest of the city, including monuments and residential areas, would be considerable. The initial wave of 13 specially modified
994:
was one of the few areas of the city centre to survive the Blitz largely intact, and during the post-war redevelopment of
Coventry, several surviving mediaeval buildings from across the city were relocated to Spon Street. The 14th century
849:
was used in two reports from an aircraft taking part in a raid on
Southampton on 30 November, two weeks after the Coventry Blitz. Another decrypt on 11 November or early on 12 November gave navigational beam settings for
582:
messengers in the blitz. Approximately one third of the city's factories were destroyed or severely damaged, another third were badly damaged, and the rest suffered slight damage. Among the destroyed factories were the main
899:
district approximately one mile to the east of the city centre. Six people were killed. By the time of this air raid, some 1,236 people had been killed by air raids on
Coventry; of these, 808 rest in the mass grave in
389:, many of the small- and medium-sized factories in the city were woven into the same streets as the workers' houses and the shops of the city centre. However, it developed many large interwar suburbs of both private and
738:
Winterbotham's claim has been rejected by other Ultra participants and by historians. They state that while Churchill was indeed aware that a major bombing raid would take place, no one knew what the target would be.
574:), was set on fire by incendiaries for the first time. The volunteer firefighters managed to put out the first fire but other direct hits followed and soon new fires broke out in the cathedral; accelerated by a
646:("coventried") when describing similar levels of destruction of other enemy towns. During the raid, the Germans dropped about 500 t (490 long tons; 550 short tons) of high explosives, including 50
168:
307:
1480:
449 bombers dropped 150,000 incendiary bombs, 503 long tons (511 t) of high-explosives (1,400 bombs) and 130 parachute sea-mines (causing extensive blast damage) on Coventry
804:
messages. He wrote "Ultra never mentioned Coventry. ... Churchill, so far from pondering whether to save Coventry or safeguard Ultra, was under the impression that the raid was to be on London".
563:
smoke and guessing the range. Although the Coventry guns fired 10 rounds a minute for the whole 10 hour raid (a total of over 6,700 rounds), only one German bomber was shot down.
594:
machine tool works, nine aircraft factories, and two naval ordnance stores. The effects on war production were only temporary, as much essential war production had already been moved to '
2078:
161:
3957:
378:, the advanced state of the mechanical tooling industry in the city meant that pre-war production could quickly be turned to war production purposes, with industries such as the
2439:
154:
963:
was left as a ruin, and is today still the principal reminder of the bombing. A new cathedral was constructed alongside the ruin in the 1950s, designed by the architect
999:
in Bayley Lane opposite the ruined cathedral also survived and stands to this day. However, in addition to destroying many historic buildings, the bombing revealed a
688:
The British used the opportunity given them by the attack on Coventry to try a new tactic against Germany, which was carried out on 16 December 1940 as part of
470:
The raid that began on the evening of 14 November 1940 was the most severe to hit Coventry during the war. It was carried out by 515 German bombers, from
2345:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3899:
555:
748:(Moonlight Sonata) as a probable code for a planned group of attacks on three possible targets over several possible days. The targets had the code names
2432:
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hindered the Coventry fire brigade and were intended to damage roofs, making it easier for the incendiary bombs to fall into buildings and ignite them.
1844:
2834:
1230:
685:, wrote after the war "Coventry was adequately concentrated in point of space , but all the same there was little concentration in point of time".
20:
2425:
3501:
333:). The most devastating of these attacks occurred on the evening of 14 November 1940 and continued into the morning of 15 November.
598:' on the city outskirts. Also, many of the damaged factories were quickly repaired and had recovered to full production within a few months.
2729:
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657:
The raid of 14 November combined several innovations which influenced all future strategic bomber raids during the war. These were:
2119:
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2939:
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1958:
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suffered very little death or injury. Out of 79 public air raid shelters holding 33,000 people, very few had been destroyed.
382:
assuming the role of one of the leading munition centres in the UK, manufacturing 25% of all British aircraft produced during the war.
2464:
949:. In the aftermath of the war, Coventry city centre was extensively rebuilt according to the Gibson Plan compiled by the town planner
3749:
3664:
363:, contained metal and wood-working industries. In Coventry's case, these included cars, bicycles, aeroplane engines and, since 1900,
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700 seriously injured. Damage was caused to many buildings including some factories, the central police station, the
614:" out of the city at night to sleep in nearby towns or villages following the earlier air raids. Also, people who took to
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371:, "Coventry was therefore, in terms of what little law existed on the subject, a legitimate target for aerial bombing".
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904:. Around 80 per cent of them had been killed in the raids of 14/15 November 1940 and 8–10 April 1941.
227:
1250:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 263–264.
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Jeffrey Haydu, "Between craft and class: skilled workers and factory politics in the United Kingdom", p. 126
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The use of pathfinder aircraft with electronic aids to navigate, to mark the targets before the main bomber raid.
551:
1465:
3878:
2929:
1962:
883:, most of which was destroyed, leaving only the spire. It was after this raid that the then-Mayor of Coventry,
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and hindsight has recognised that to be the code name for Coventry. This was not known at the time even though
504:
navigational devices, accurately dropped marker flares at 19:20. The British and the Germans were fighting the
385:
Like many of the industrial towns of the English West Midlands region that had been industrialised during the
3962:
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but did not give Coventry as the target or a date. It said that transmission of a figure 9 would denote
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988:, composed for the occasion, was premièred in the new cathedral on 30 May to mark its consecration.
723:
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Jones, Edgar, et al. "Civilian morale during the Second World War: Responses to air raids re-examined."
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1990:
A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 8: The City of Coventry and Borough of Warwick
1934:
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National Archives AIR 22/481: Air Ministry W/T Intelligence Service Daily Summary No. 454
1264:
359:, Coventry was an industrial city of around 238,000 people which, like much of the industrial
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1541:. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. VI. Oxford University Press. pp. 507–508.
1012:
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sandstone for the new Coventry Cathedral provides an element of unity between the buildings.
912:
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Bomb Disposal Company was called upon to deal with an unexploded bomb that had fallen at the
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1985:
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was head of the Air Section at Bletchley Park, which translated and analysed all deciphered
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2018:
901:
718:
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The ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral, the most visible modern-day reminder of the Blitz
8:
3714:
3608:
3175:
2859:
2739:
2330:
1607:
1042:
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790:) was identified later, which was tied to sixpence at Woolworths, meaning Wolverhampton.
516:
505:
427:
419:
342:
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Immediate reconstruction was undertaken by a committee headed by motor-industry magnate
780:(Neville Chamberlain) who was born in Birmingham, it would be bombed on 19/20 November.
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69:
58:
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Although the city centre suffered the heaviest raids, districts of the city including
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1280:
1210:
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954:
731:
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439:
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272:
202:
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2628:
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3391:
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3316:
3155:
3034:
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2904:
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2509:
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1022:
979:
665:
356:
324:
262:
252:
197:
2919:
2709:
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668:) coupled with thousands of incendiary bombs intended to set the city ablaze in a
3679:
3401:
3371:
3341:
2282:
2257:
2242:
2217:
1430:
866:
Children searching for books among the ruins of their school after the April raid
637:
583:
520:
423:
390:
375:
267:
247:
217:
3160:
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2207:
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851:
601:
571:
277:
212:
207:
192:
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879:, and St. Mary's Hall. The main architectural casualty of the raid was
716:
asserted that the British government had advance warning of the attack from
558:, had prepared a series of concentrations to be fired using sound-locators,
3351:
3301:
2177:
1534:
1207:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55
975:
964:
697:
471:
432:
126:
61:
41:
1816:
Coventry Planned: The Architecture of the Plan for Coventry (1940 to 1978)
1265:"A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 8: The air raids of 1940"
862:
347:
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2561:
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on Much Park Street, thought to date from the 13th or 14th century.
991:
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242:
146:
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500:
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and those made of petroleum. The high explosive bombs and the larger
524:
462:
364:
329:
316:
294:
186:
556:
95th (Birmingham) Heavy Anti–Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
978:
on 23 March 1956. It was consecrated on 25 May 1962, and
693:
528:
320:
93:
895:
The final air raid on Coventry came on 3 August 1942, in the
636:
The raid reached such a new and severe level of destruction that
587:
1209:. London: Royal Artillery Institution / Brassey's. p. 391.
1259:
1257:
2057:. News & Information for Coventry & Warwickshire. CWN.
630:
2132:
2121:
A letter written in 1940 about witnessing the Coventry Blitz
1254:
2017:, includes an account of the Coventry Raid, and the actual
1382:"Coventry Blitz: Reliving Fateful Night 80 Years Ago Today"
887:, led the early reconstruction of much of the city centre.
442:
1924:
1676:
Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
2447:
1321:
1319:
766:. The day before the Coventry raid, a prisoner mentioned
523:. There were two types of incendiary bomb, those made of
21:
List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain § 1970s
104:
Coventry city centre heavily damaged by German air raids
16:
German bombing raids on the English city in World War II
1929:
Teaching the Bible through popular culture and the arts
605:
The city centre following the 14 November air raid
19:"Coventry bombing" redirects here. For other uses, see
1696:
The book was also published in the US under the title
1316:
974:
The foundation stone of the new cathedral was laid by
1986:"The City of Coventry: Buildings: Domestic buildings"
1907:
1768:"Kampfgruppe 100, ULTRA, and the Coventry Blitz"
1525:
1357:"Police Roll of Honour Trust – West Midlands Police"
508:
and on this night the British failed to disrupt the
2026:
The Blitzed City: The Destruction of Coventry, 1940
1561:
742:A few days before the attack, Ultra had identified
1886:
1673:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1429:
406:There were 17 small raids on Coventry by the
1845:"This Day in History 1940: Germans bomb Coventry"
1045:(GMT+1) during the winter months of the war (and
546:Coventry's air defences consisted of twenty-four
4010:
1748:National Archives HW5/6: CX/JQ/445, para. 4
942:), meaning "to annihilate or reduce to rubble".
1869:
1514:
1156:Bomb Disposal and the British Casualties of WW2
664:The use of high explosive bombs and air-mines (
1651:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 85–86.
438:One notable casualty of the October raids was
2433:
2148:
1789:"The Coventry Blitz: What did Coventry lose?"
1478:gives different numbers than Taylor (2005): "
1420:
1418:
1416:
445:, a retired local Medical Officer of Health.
162:
1911:Britain in Transition: The twentieth century
1884:
1646:
1298:"1940: Germans bomb Coventry to destruction"
1229:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
921:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
791:
781:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
641:
515:The first wave of follow-up bombers dropped
323:. The city was bombed many times during the
2091:
1914:. University of Chicago Press. p. 643.
1327:"The Coventry Blitz: Some blitz statistics"
953:: a then innovative scheme which created a
927:
418:On 17 October 1940, Second Lieutenant
2440:
2426:
2155:
2141:
2061:
2052:
1632:(28 August 1976). "The raid on Coventry".
1413:
169:
155:
48:
3665:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2113:with archive recordings of Coventry Blitz
2097:These archive 1940 recordings feature on
1959:"Coventry's Spon Street Through the Ages"
1204:
1106:
1062:
435:for his actions on 17 October 1940.
401:
367:factories. In the words of the historian
176:
1983:
911:
861:
726:and decoded by British cryptanalysts at
724:encrypted with the Enigma cipher machine
600:
533:
452:
346:
3775:
2040:Air raid: The bombing of Coventry, 1940
1243:
920:The Blitz gave rise to the German verb
819:used by aircraft on an operation named
319:that took place on the British city of
4011:
1818:. Jeremy and Carline Gould Architects.
1491:
1448:First published in 2004 by Bloomsbury
1424:
1185:
1183:
1068:
2449:Strategic bombing during World War II
2421:
2136:
2074:. The Coventry Blitz Resource Centre.
1925:Roncace, Mark; Gray, Patrick (2007).
1671:
1569:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1432:Dresden Tuesday 13 February 1945
1189:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
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703:
150:
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1874:. A & W Publishers. p. 178.
1628:
873:Coventry & Warwickshire Hospital
722:; intercepted German radio messages
654:, and 36,000 incendiary bombs.
57:, the Mayor J. A. Moseley, the
3984:
1933:. Society of Biblical Lit. p.
1828:
1791:. Historic Coventry. Archived from
1680:. London: Hamish Hamilton. p.
1606:. Historic Coventry. Archived from
1428:(2005) . "Chapter 10: Blitz".
1180:
1153:
542:rises above a scene of devastation.
448:
68:, and others visiting the ruins of
13:
2101:, an audiobook CD issued in 2007.
2007:
1992:. Institute of Historical Research
1984:Stephens, W. B., ed. (1969).
1192:Ultra goes to war the secret story
1089:
811:, who led the British side in the
14:
4070:
2046:
1813:
1247:The Defence of the United Kingdom
1147:
837:had been identified as Paris and
2382:American Ambulance Great Britain
2085:Blitz bomb damage map collection
2019:Ultra cryptanalytic intelligence
132:
119:
2079:World War II Bombing collection
1977:
1963:BBC Coventry & Warwickshire
1951:
1918:
1901:
1878:
1863:
1847:. 12 April 2009. Archived from
1837:
1822:
1807:
1781:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1712:
1703:
1665:
1640:
1622:
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1402:
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1290:
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1908:Havighurst, Alfred F. (1985).
1205:Routledge, N.W., Brig (1994).
1198:
1162:
1125:
1080:
1035:
890:
796:was unidentified at the time.
554:. The AA Defence Commander of
1:
2162:
1056:
857:
776:), which was assumed to mean
336:
4039:20th century in Warwickshire
2124:(read aloud). Archived from
1647:Calvocoressi, Peter (1981).
1028:
907:
482:Unternehmen Mondscheinsonate
476:and from the pathfinders of
396:
7:
1074:Coventry: November 14, 1940
1006:
498:, which were equipped with
351:Broadgate, Coventry in 1917
10:
4075:
2064:"Photograph – City Centre"
2033:Social History of Medicine
2021:available before the raid.
1267:. British history on line.
1049:during the summer months).
730:. He further claimed that
652:incendiary petroleum mines
633:were also heavily bombed.
548:3.7 inch AA guns
486:Operation Moonlight Sonata
340:
38:Strategic bombing campaign
18:
3975:
3940:
3909:
3898:
3859:
3838:
3817:
3796:
3622:
3601:
3570:
3533:
3458:
3422:
3277:
3246:
3225:
3199:
3143:
2967:
2642:
2582:
2575:
2544:
2523:
2502:
2493:
2455:
2407:Women's Voluntary Service
2364:
2306:
2170:
480:. The attack, code-named
327:by the German Air Force (
317:a series of bombing raids
184:
112:
76:
47:
35:
30:
4034:20th century in Coventry
2465:Aerial bombing of cities
2092:Archive audio recordings
1870:Mansell, George (1979).
1492:Harris, Arthur (2005) .
1001:mediaeval stone building
690:Operation Abigail Rachel
303:meaning "lightning war"
2346:Evacuation of civilians
1893:. Unwin Hyman. p.
1872:Anatomy of architecture
1757:National Archives HW5/6
1436:(paper back ed.).
1244:Collier, Basil (1957).
1194:. Pengiun. p. 103.
380:Coventry Ordnance Works
297:: from the German word
2470:Area bombing directive
2387:Auxiliary Fire Service
2351:Starfish (decoy) sites
2111:(audiobook CD). 2007.
1409:familyresearcher.co.uk
1190:Lewin, Ronald (1978).
922:
917:
885:Alfred Robert Grindlay
877:King Henry VIII School
867:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
792:
782:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
642:
606:
543:
467:
402:August to October 1940
352:
2402:War Damage Commission
2397:National Fire Service
2392:Civil Defence Service
2377:Anti-Aircraft Command
2035:17#3 (2004): 463–479.
2013:Calvocoressi, Peter.
1885:Thomas, John (1987).
1672:Jones, R. V. (1978).
1496:. Military Classics.
1476:on 10 September 2006.
1133:"The Gould Gazetteer"
1013:1939 Coventry bombing
915:
865:
809:Reginald Victor Jones
604:
537:
456:
387:Industrial Revolution
350:
178:The Blitz (1940–1941)
2835:Ludwigshafen / Oppau
2567:Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
2372:Air Raid Precautions
2072:"Coventry Air Raids"
2055:"The Coventry Blitz"
1831:"The Coventry Blitz"
1604:"Defending Coventry"
1533:; Stumpf, Reinhard;
1041:The British were on
997:St. Mary's Guildhall
902:London Road Cemetery
640:later used the term
517:high explosive bombs
496:Kampfgruppe 100
478:Kampfgruppe 100
355:At the start of the
4059:History of Coventry
3910:Mandatory Palestine
2331:Battle of the Beams
2128:on 30 January 2012.
2024:Farrington, Karen.
1563:Winterbotham, F. W.
1170:"Ernest Hugh Snell"
1143:on 12 October 2008.
1111:. Cassel & Co.
1043:British Summer Time
957:shopping precinct.
813:Battle of the Beams
700:attacks on cities.
650:, of which 20 were
648:parachute air-mines
540:Holy Trinity Church
506:Battle of the Beams
460:in ruins after the
428:Triumph Engineering
343:History of Coventry
66:A. R. Grindlay
64:, the Deputy Mayor
3186:Rotterdam (Allied)
2038:Longmate, Norman.
1889:Coventry Cathedral
1720:"Moonlight Sonata"
1390:. 14 November 2020
1387:Coventry Telegraph
1337:on 6 November 2016
1304:. 15 November 1940
1107:Ray, John (1996).
1047:double summer time
961:Coventry Cathedral
918:
868:
798:Peter Calvocoressi
714:F. W. Winterbotham
704:Coventry and Ultra
683:RAF Bomber Command
607:
592:Alfred Herbert Ltd
568:Coventry Cathedral
544:
468:
458:Coventry Cathedral
353:
70:Coventry Cathedral
59:Bishop of Coventry
4044:Battle of Britain
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3971:
3970:
3900:Mediterranean and
3894:
3893:
3792:
3791:
3529:
3528:
3302:Barrow-in-Furness
3287:Battle of Britain
2963:
2962:
2740:Freiburg (Allies)
2480:Strategic bombing
2415:
2414:
2087:on Coventry Atlas
2081:on Coventry Atlas
1610:on 20 August 2008
1466:"War in the West"
1426:Taylor, Frederick
1331:Historic Coventry
1285:978-1-445-65000-5
1070:Taylor, Frederick
745:Mondschein Sonate
732:Winston Churchill
708:In his 1974 book
666:blockbuster bombs
616:air raid shelters
566:At around 20:00,
552:40 mm Bofors
473:Luftflotte 3
440:Ernest Hugh Snell
412:Battle of Britain
286:
285:
145:
144:
108:
107:
72:in September 1941
55:Winston Churchill
4066:
3982:
3981:
3907:
3906:
3804:Allied Singapore
3773:
3772:
3540:
3539:
3498:(Czechoslovakia)
3181:Rotterdam (Axis)
2580:
2579:
2500:
2499:
2495:European theatre
2460:Area bombardment
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2324:Morrison shelter
2319:Anderson shelter
2314:Air raid shelter
2171:Towns and Cities
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2115:
2075:
2067:
2062:McGrory, David.
2058:
2053:McGrory, David.
2015:Top Secret Ultra
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1851:on 12 April 2009
1841:
1835:
1834:
1829:McGrory, David.
1826:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
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1728:
1726:
1716:
1710:
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1695:
1679:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1649:Top Secret Ultra
1644:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1580:
1567:The Ultra Secret
1559:
1553:
1552:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1494:Bomber Offensive
1489:
1483:
1477:
1472:. Archived from
1462:
1456:
1447:
1435:
1422:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1333:. Archived from
1323:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1278:Coventry's Blitz
1275:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1220:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1154:Ransted, Chris.
1151:
1145:
1144:
1139:. Archived from
1137:Merciacinema.org
1129:
1123:
1122:
1104:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1050:
1039:
1023:Birmingham Blitz
980:Benjamin Britten
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
925:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
822:Mondschein Sonat
795:
785:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
712:, Group Captain
710:The Ultra Secret
645:
596:shadow factories
521:incendiary bombs
493:
449:14 November 1940
369:Frederick Taylor
357:Second World War
325:Second World War
314:
313:
312:
310:
179:
171:
164:
157:
148:
147:
138:
136:
135:
125:
123:
122:
78:
77:
62:M. G. Haigh
52:
28:
27:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4029:1942 in England
4024:1941 in England
4019:1940 in England
4009:
4008:
4005:
3996:
3967:
3936:
3901:
3890:
3855:
3834:
3813:
3788:
3771:
3618:
3597:
3566:
3525:
3454:
3418:
3279:
3273:
3242:
3221:
3195:
3139:
3085:Reggio Calabria
2959:
2940:Wiener Neustadt
2745:Friedrichshafen
2735:Freiburg (Axis)
2638:
2585:
2571:
2540:
2519:
2489:
2451:
2446:
2416:
2411:
2360:
2302:
2166:
2161:
2118:
2105:
2094:
2070:
2049:
2010:
2008:Further reading
2005:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1956:
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1945:
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1902:
1883:
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1852:
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1827:
1823:
1814:Gould, Jeremy.
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1795:on 7 April 2017
1787:
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1498:Pen & Sword
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1361:Police Memorial
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1109:The Night Blitz
1105:
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1067:
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1040:
1036:
1031:
1009:
939:
936:
933:
930:
910:
893:
860:
706:
681:, commander of
638:Joseph Goebbels
489:
451:
424:Royal Engineers
404:
399:
391:council housing
376:First World War
345:
339:
308:
305:
304:
287:
282:
189:
180:
177:
175:
133:
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120:
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96:
53:
24:
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11:
5:
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3809:Axis Singapore
3806:
3800:
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3560:Allied Rangoon
3557:
3550:Burma campaign
3546:
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3537:
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3527:
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3524:
3523:
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3404:
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3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3294:
3292:Baedeker Blitz
3289:
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2800:Kaiserslautern
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2341:Baedeker Blitz
2338:
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2308:
2307:Related topics
2304:
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2048:
2047:External links
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2022:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1976:
1950:
1943:
1917:
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1698:The Wizard War
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1595:
1583:London: Futura
1575:
1554:
1547:
1539:The Global War
1513:
1506:
1500:. p. 83.
1484:
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1236:
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1179:
1174:King's College
1161:
1146:
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1088:
1079:
1076:. p. 117.
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1020:
1015:
1008:
1005:
955:pedestrianised
947:William Rootes
909:
906:
892:
889:
859:
856:
807:The scientist
728:Bletchley Park
705:
702:
674:
673:
662:
588:Humber Hillman
570:(dedicated to
491:Heinkel He 111
450:
447:
420:Sandy Campbell
415:in September.
403:
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291:Coventry Blitz
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3734:10 March 1945
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2624:Gelsenkirchen
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2365:Organisations
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1987:
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1944:9781589832442
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1913:
1912:
1904:
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1846:
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1833:. CWN.org.uk.
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1691:0-241-89746-7
1687:
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1658:0-345-30069-6
1654:
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1643:
1636:. p. 11.
1635:
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1605:
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1591:0-86007-268-1
1588:
1584:
1578:
1576:0-297-76832-8
1572:
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1550:
1548:0-19-822888-0
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:Wegner, Bernd
1532:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1507:1-84415-210-3
1503:
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1455:
1454:0-7475-7078-7
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1216:1-85753-099-3
1212:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1172:. memorials.
1171:
1165:
1157:
1150:
1142:
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1128:
1120:
1118:0-304-35676-X
1114:
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1038:
1034:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Die Luftwacht
1016:
1014:
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1002:
998:
993:
989:
987:
986:
981:
977:
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952:
951:Donald Gibson
948:
943:
937:to Coventrate
924:
914:
905:
903:
898:
888:
886:
882:
881:Christ Church
878:
874:
864:
855:
853:
852:Wolverhampton
847:
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823:
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721:
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701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
679:Arthur Harris
671:
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649:
644:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
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593:
590:factory, the
589:
586:factory, the
585:
579:
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573:
572:Saint Michael
569:
564:
561:
560:GL Mk. I
557:
553:
549:
541:
536:
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425:
421:
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394:
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388:
383:
381:
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372:
370:
366:
362:
361:West Midlands
358:
349:
344:
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322:
318:
311:
302:
301:
296:
292:
279:
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71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4054:Firebombings
4006:
3977:North Africa
3879:Kuala Lumpur
3860:Other cities
3846:Pearl Harbor
3502:Schaffhausen
3459:Other cities
3346:
3247:Soviet Union
2680:Braunschweig
2660:Aschersleben
2643:Other cities
2222:
2126:the original
2120:
2112:
2107:
2098:
2095:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2014:
1994:. Retrieved
1989:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1965:. April 2003
1953:
1928:
1920:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1839:
1824:
1815:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1783:
1773:26 September
1771:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1725:25 September
1723:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1697:
1675:
1667:
1648:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1598:
1582:
1566:
1557:
1538:
1531:Rahn, Werner
1493:
1487:
1479:
1474:the original
1469:
1460:
1431:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1366:25 September
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1330:
1306:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1277:
1273:
1246:
1239:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1141:the original
1136:
1127:
1108:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1037:
990:
983:
976:Elizabeth II
973:
965:Basil Spence
959:
944:
923:Koventrieren
919:
894:
869:
817:
806:
801:
787:
783:Einheitpreis
778:umbrella man
777:
773:
751:Einheitpreis
741:
737:
717:
709:
707:
698:area bombing
687:
675:
656:
635:
620:
608:
580:
565:
545:
514:
509:
499:
495:
494:aircraft of
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
461:
437:
433:George Cross
417:
407:
405:
384:
373:
354:
328:
298:
290:
288:
222:
127:Nazi Germany
113:Belligerents
42:World War II
36:Part of the
25:
3941:Other areas
3902:Middle East
3875:(Sri Lanka)
3535:Pacific War
3407:Southampton
3322:Bournemouth
3144:Netherlands
2975:Alessandria
2915:Schweinfurt
2910:SaarbrĂĽcken
2755:Halberstadt
2715:Dietzenbach
2665:Baden-Baden
2293:Southampton
2198:Bournemouth
1630:Hunt, David
1527:Boog, Horst
992:Spon Street
985:War Requiem
897:Stoke Heath
891:August 1942
843:as London.
769:Regenschirm
757:Regenschirm
643:coventriert
623:Stoke Heath
550:and twelve
410:during the
374:During the
273:Southampton
203:Bournemouth
4013:Categories
3881:(Malaysia)
3869:(Thailand)
3750:Utsunomiya
3510:(Bulgaria)
3478:Hammerfest
3423:Yugoslavia
3392:Nottingham
3382:Manchester
3317:Birmingham
3269:Stalingrad
3171:Middelburg
2890:PeenemĂĽnde
2870:Nordhausen
2820:Königsberg
2785:Hildesheim
2700:Crailsheim
2614:DĂĽsseldorf
2288:Sunderland
2268:Nottingham
2253:Manchester
2193:Birmingham
1996:15 October
1709:File HW5/6
1057:References
969:Hollington
858:April 1941
788:unit-price
341:See also:
337:Background
300:Blitzkrieg
263:Portsmouth
253:Manchester
198:Birmingham
4049:The Blitz
3992:Fort Lamy
3958:Gibraltar
3818:Australia
3797:Singapore
3767:Yokkaichi
3760:June 1944
3740:Toyohashi
3660:Hiratsuka
3655:Hamamatsu
3602:Indonesia
3583:Hong Kong
3578:Chongqing
3522:(Croatia)
3516:(Austria)
3486:(Finland)
3474:(Ireland)
3468:(Hungary)
3445:Podgorica
3429:Belgrade
3402:Sheffield
3372:Liverpool
3342:Clydebank
3297:The Blitz
3259:Leningrad
3233:Bucharest
3191:The Hague
3166:Enkhuizen
3156:Eindhoven
3151:Amsterdam
2990:Benevento
2925:Stuttgart
2895:Pforzheim
2885:Paderborn
2880:OsnabrĂĽck
2875:Nuremberg
2845:Magdeburg
2805:Karlsruhe
2790:Innsbruck
2780:Heilbronn
2730:Frankfurt
2705:Darmstadt
2634:Wuppertal
2584:Battle of
2485:V-weapons
2475:Firestorm
2283:Sheffield
2258:Newcastle
2243:Liverpool
2218:Clydebank
2164:The Blitz
2108:The Blitz
2099:The Blitz
1634:The Times
1470:WW2 Guide
1225:cite book
1029:Footnotes
908:Aftermath
802:Luftwaffe
670:firestorm
627:Foleshill
576:firestorm
529:air-mines
525:magnesium
512:signals.
463:Luftwaffe
408:Luftwaffe
397:Air raids
365:munitions
330:Luftwaffe
268:Sheffield
248:Liverpool
218:Clydebank
187:The Blitz
84:1940–1942
3932:Tel Aviv
3851:Unalaska
3785:(Taiwan)
3776:Colonies
3745:Toyokawa
3725:Shizuoka
3614:Surabaya
3609:Sukabumi
3593:Shanghai
3555:Mandalay
3492:(Norway)
3484:Helsinki
3480:(Norway)
3466:Budapest
3450:Sarajevo
3397:Plymouth
3357:Greenock
3347:Coventry
3327:Brighton
3238:Ploiești
3176:Nijmegen
3161:Enschede
3040:Grosseto
3025:Frascati
3000:Cagliari
2955:WĂĽrzburg
2850:Mannheim
2775:Hannover
2695:Chemnitz
2655:Augsburg
2609:Duisburg
2604:Dortmund
2586:the Ruhr
2557:Le Havre
2356:Trekking
2336:Blackout
2278:Plymouth
2273:Nuneaton
2228:Greenock
2223:Coventry
2203:Brighton
1799:20 March
1585:(1975),
1565:(1974).
1537:(2001).
1308:30 April
1302:BBC News
1072:(2015).
1007:See also
774:umbrella
694:Mannheim
692:against
466:air raid
321:Coventry
258:Plymouth
223:Coventry
94:Coventry
89:Location
3948:Bahrain
3873:Colombo
3867:Bangkok
3783:Taihoku
3705:Okazaki
3685:Nagaoka
3645:Fukuoka
3588:Nanjing
3412:Swansea
3387:Norwich
3337:Cardiff
3332:Bristol
3312:Belfast
3280:Kingdom
3226:Romania
3207:Frampol
3130:Viterbo
3125:Vicenza
3110:Trieste
3105:Treviso
3075:Pescara
3070:Palermo
3050:Messina
3045:Livorno
3015:Ferrara
3010:Catania
3005:Cassino
2995:Bologna
2905:Rostock
2900:Potsdam
2860:MĂĽnster
2825:Leipzig
2765:Hamburg
2750:Giessen
2720:Dresden
2690:Breslau
2675:Bocholt
2629:Krefeld
2599:Cologne
2576:Germany
2536:Tallinn
2524:Estonia
2503:Denmark
2298:Swansea
2263:Norwich
2213:Cardiff
2208:Bristol
2188:Belfast
1969:26 June
1855:28 July
1614:25 June
1581:; also
1341:25 June
931:
612:trekked
584:Daimler
510:X-Gerät
501:X-Gerät
422:of the
278:Swansea
213:Cardiff
208:Bristol
193:Belfast
3953:Cyprus
3885:Manila
3830:Darwin
3825:Broome
3755:Yawata
3720:Sendai
3715:Rabaul
3700:Numazu
3690:Nagoya
3635:Aomori
3520:Zagreb
3514:Vienna
3496:Prague
3490:Namsos
3472:Dublin
3377:London
3352:Exeter
3278:United
3217:Wieluń
3212:Warsaw
3200:Poland
3120:Verona
3090:Rimini
3060:Naples
3020:Foggia
2980:Ancona
2920:Siegen
2865:Munich
2830:LĂĽbeck
2810:Kassel
2710:Dessau
2685:Bremen
2670:Berlin
2650:Aachen
2594:Bochum
2545:France
2248:London
2178:Barrow
2066:. CWN.
2042:(1978)
2028:(2015)
1941:
1688:
1655:
1589:
1573:
1545:
1504:
1452:
1440:
1394:29 May
1283:
1213:
1115:
315:) was
309:listen
228:Dublin
137:
124:
101:Result
3963:Malta
3927:Jaffa
3922:Haifa
3730:Tokyo
3710:Osaka
3640:Fukui
3630:Akita
3623:Japan
3571:China
3543:Burma
3508:Sofia
3367:Leeds
3264:Minsk
3254:Gorky
3135:Zadar
3115:Turin
3100:Terni
3065:Padua
3055:Milan
3035:Gorla
3030:Genoa
2968:Italy
2950:Worms
2935:Wesel
2855:Moers
2840:Mainz
2815:Kleve
2770:Hanau
2760:Halle
2725:Emden
2619:Essen
2562:Royan
2531:Narva
2515:Rønne
2238:Leeds
1287:ch. 8
834:PAULA
719:Ultra
631:Wyken
295:blitz
243:Leeds
3985:Chad
3917:Acre
3695:Naha
3680:Kure
3675:KĹŤfu
3670:Kobe
3650:Gifu
3438:1944
3433:1941
3362:Hull
3307:Bath
3095:Rome
3080:Pisa
2985:Bari
2795:Jena
2552:Caen
2510:Nexø
2233:Hull
2183:Bath
1998:2012
1971:2012
1939:ISBN
1857:2021
1801:2012
1775:2014
1727:2014
1686:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1616:2012
1587:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1396:2023
1368:2014
1343:2012
1310:2010
1281:ISBN
1231:link
1211:ISBN
1113:ISBN
928:lit.
846:KORN
840:LOGE
828:KORN
793:Korn
763:Korn
760:and
629:and
538:The
443:FRSE
289:The
233:Hull
81:Date
2930:Ulm
1895:129
1682:149
982:'s
40:of
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1961:.
1937:.
1935:60
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