214:, Lorde tasks herself with discerning the difference and meaning of the erotic and the pornographic. This is all within the context of sexuality, power dynamics, and queerness. As Lorde says in her text, "the erotic offers a well of replenishing and provocative force to the woman who does not fear its revelation, nor succumb to the belief that sensation is enough". We see here that Lorde draws our attention to the emotional experience of sexuality, and defines the erotic in a way that disconnects the typical male dominated interpretation. She continues to separate the erotic and pornographic by conveying the effect of power between the two. "But pornography is a direct denial of the power of the erotic, for it represents the suppression of true feeling. Pornography emphasizes sensation without feeling". After defining these two terms she relates them to her own identity as a Black lesbian feminist. The erotic in her eyes is not simply a physical experience or drive, it is a show of resilience in the face of a racist, patriarchal, and homophobic society.
202:
feminism - a response to the current lacking thereof between women in the mainstream feminist movement. Lorde also explores the fear and suspicion that arises among
African American men and women, lesbians, feminists, and white women that ultimately creates an isolating experience for African American women - constructing a social institution that dehumanizes lives. Throughout these essays, Lorde confronts this problem of institutional dehumanization plaguing American culture during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and provides with philosophical reasoning, messages of hope.
198:
change. Lorde informs readers through these essays that the histories of westernized culture have conditioned inhabitants to view "human differences in simplistic opposition to each other" – good/bad, superior/inferior – and to always be suspicious of the latter. Instead, Lorde suggests, use differences as a catalyst for change. Throughout the collection, Lorde also emphasizes the use of poetry as a profound form of knowledge, a powerful tool for diagnosing and challenging power relations within a racist, patriarchal society.
181:, and movements towards equality that recognize and embrace differences as a vehicle for change. With meditative conscious reasoning, Lorde explores her misgivings for the widespread marginalization deeply-rooted in the United States' white patriarchal system, all the while, offering messages of hope. The essays in this landmark collection are extensively taught and have become a widespread area of academic analysis. Lorde's philosophical reasoning that recognizes oppressions as complex and
350:"The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House;" developed from comments at "The Personal and the Political Panel" at the Second Sex Conference on September 29, 1979, in New York. It includes comments on how practices of exclusion, absence, invisibility, silence, and tokenism within feminist theory discredit feminism and calls for a transformation of the use of power and difference between women.
269:(Spinsters, Ink, San Francisco) in 1980. "Transformation" examines the factors that contribute to the silence of some and the actions of others, commenting on voice, power, violence, sexism, verbal abuse, shame, and hostile social environments. The talk draws from Lorde's marginalized positionalities and experiences with breast cancer.
227:. Lorde expressed to her agent that she felt rushed into signing the contract that provided an advance against royalties of a mere $ 100. The book was ultimately a huge financial success for the firm. It was republished in 2007 by The Crossing Press with a new forward provided by scholar and essayist,
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called the collection, "another indication of the depth of analysis that black women writers are contributing to feminist thought." From this work, Lorde is said to have created a new critical social theory that understands oppressions as overlapping and interlocking, informed from her position as an
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expresses Lorde's commitment to her identity and the multiplicities gathering together to assemble her unique identity – multiplicities that often placed her "on the line", in a space that refused safety of an inside parameter, demonstrating Lorde's ability to embrace difficulty in the path to create
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caused them discomfort with confronting their guilt as individuals whose identities occupy dominant positions within the United States, specifically through whiteness, maleness, youth, thinness, heterosexuality, Christianity, and financial security. While some reviewers claimed that the work is hard
29:
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In this charged collection, Lorde challenges sexism, racism, ageism, homophobia, and classism with determination. She propounds the recognition of difference as an empowering vehicle for action and creative change and emphasizes the necessity for applying these concepts to the next generation of
353:"Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference;" a paper delivered at the Copeland Colloquium at Amherst College in April 1980. The paper rejects difference as a source of domination, and reclaims differences between individuals and communities as resources for creative social change.
137:. This collection, now considered a classic volume of Lorde's most influential works of non-fiction prose, has had a groundbreaking impact in the development of contemporary feminist theories. In fifteen essays and speeches dating from 1976 to 1984, Lorde explores the complexities of
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to identify with if they are not similar to Lorde, others refute this, claiming that Lorde uses a "flexible model of subject positioning" that allows readers of various backgrounds to determine points of similarity and difference, challenging their standard notions of selfhood and
222:
Lorde signed a contract with The
Crossing Press on November 19, 1982 with a projected publication date of May 31, 1984. She was the first major lesbian author the press was to sign, despite the firm's policy of not taking books represented by
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vol. 14, no.6 in
October 1983. It describes Lorde's early experiences with negative white reactions to her Blackness and conveys the harmful impacts of internalized racism and sexism on self-esteem and relationships between Black
360:
Conference in Storrs, Connecticut, in June 1981. It addresses the experiences of women of color within sexist, homophobic societies in relation to the systems that try to deny and blame oppressed communities for their
368:
in
February 1982 for Malcolm X Weekend. It challenges readers to analyze how their practices reflect their ideologies and stresses the importance of working towards mutual liberation from multiple systems of
472:
Kathy
Ferguson questions Lorde's employment of what she defines as "Cosmic Feminism", a feminism that relies on a feminine primitivism and values feelings that are more intense and seemingly deep-rooted.
257:"The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action;" talk delivered at the Modern Language Association's "Lesbian Literature Panel" in Chicago, Illinois, December 28, 1977. It was also published in
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outsider. She presented her arguments in an accessible manner that provided readers with the language to articulate differences and the complex nature of oppression. American professor and theorist
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in the summer of 1981. It is edited from three hours of audio tapes recorded on August 30, 1979, in
Montague, Massachusetts. The interview was commissioned by Marilyn Hacker, guest editor of
411:, gay and lesbian studies, critical psychology, black queer studies, African American studies, and feminist thought at large. The canonical work has been cited by renowned scholars like
243:"Notes from a Trip to Russia;" edited journal entries from Lorde's two-week trip to Russia in 1976, as invited American observer to the African-Asian Writers conference sponsored by the
254:
no. 3 in 1977. It asserts that poetry is a valuable tool for social and personal interrogation and transformation, and acts as a bridge from unnamed feelings to words to action.
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received a critical reception, as well, as the collection challenges readers' unacknowledged privileges and complicity in oppression. Negative reviewers tended to focus on how
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in 1979. "Sexism" was written in response to "The Myth of Black Macho: A Response to Angry Black
Feminists" by Robert Staples in a previous issue of
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on August 25, 1978. It was first published as a pamphlet by Out & Out Books, and later by Kore Press. Lorde uses this essay to posit
380:"Grenada Revisited: An Interim Report;" written while book was typeset, as a final-hour inclusion. The essay recounts the condition of
1565:
Martin, Joan M. (April 1, 1993). "The Notion of
Difference for Emerging Womanist Ethics: The Writings of Audre Lorde and bell hooks".
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357:
900:
Olson, Lester C. (February 1, 1997). "On the margins of rhetoric: Audre lorde transforming silence into language and action".
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in 1979. It discusses the challenges of raising a son as a lesbian mother in an interracial relationship in the United States.
133:, a writer who focuses on the particulars of her identity: Black woman, lesbian, poet, activist, cancer survivor, mother, and
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292:"Sexism: An American Disease in Blackface;" first published as "The Great American Disease" in the May–June issue of
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281:"Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power;" delivered at the Fourth Berkshire Conference on the History of Women at
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278:, in 1978. It discusses distrust and hostility within relationships between black women and black men and women.
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1536:
Provost, Kara; Lorde, Audre (December 1, 1995). "Becoming
Afrekete: The Trickster in the Work of Audre Lorde".
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from her visit there after its invasion by the United States. It also serves as a critique of United States
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1205:
Morris, Margaret Kissam (January 1, 2002). "Audre Lorde: Textual
Authority and the Embodied Self".
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Olson, Lester C. (November 1, 1998). "Liabilities of language: Audre Lorde reclaiming difference".
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Women Reading Women Writing-self-invention in Paula Gunn Allen, Gloria Anzaldúa, and Audre Lorde
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754:""Confronting the Concept of Intersectionality: The Legacy of Audre Lord" by Rachel A. Dudley"
1073:"The Personal, the Political, and Others: Audre Lorde Denouncing "The Second Sex Conference""
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306:
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372:"Eye to Eye: Black Women, Hatred, and Anger;" an abbreviated version was first published in
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as an emotionally charged mode of perception to inform new ways of understanding experience.
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272:"Scratching the Surface: Some Notes on Barriers to Women and Loving;" first published in
265:
852:"Of Sensual Matters: On Audre Lorde's "Poetry Is Not a Luxury" and "Uses of the Erotic""
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356:"The Uses of Anger: Women Responding to Racism;" was a keynote presentation at the
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poses to Black men and women and respect and solidarity within the Black community.
174:
1481:
The Neo-primitivist Turn: Critical Reflections on Alterity, Culture, and Modernity
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Byrd, Rudolph P.; Cole, Johnnetta Betsch; Guy-Sheftall, Beverly (March 24, 2009).
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Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
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Race, Gender and the Activism of Black Feminist Theory: Working with Audre Lorde
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Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women
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Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women
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designates her work as a significant contribution to critical social theory.
169:. The book examines a broad range of topics, including love, self-love, war,
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322:, challenging her exclusion of women of color and white feminism in general.
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The book is composed of essays and talks by Lorde, including the following:
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423:. The publication was met with overall "resounding praise". A reviewer for
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Queering Public Address: Sexualities in American Historical Discourse
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325:"Man Child: A Black Lesbian Feminist's Response;" first published in
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identity, while explicitly drawing from her personal experiences of
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I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde
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Christian, Barbara (August 1, 1984). "Dynamics of Difference".
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995:"Audre Lorde and Black Male Feminism: How to Heal Chris Brown"
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The Man Question: Visions of Subjectivity in Feminist Theory
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is a collection of essential essays and speeches written by
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referred to the work as "an eye-opener". American author
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Colonize This!: Young Women of Color on Today's Feminism
1398:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 375.
1588:"Audre Lorde: Textual Authority and the Embodied Self"
969:. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. pp.
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1984 collection of essays and speeches by Audre Lorde
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Hernández, Daisy; Rehman, Bushra (January 1, 2002).
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250:"Poetry is Not a Luxury;" first published first in
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607:Barale, Michèle Aina (January 1, 1984). "Review".
364:"Learning from the 60s;" from a talk delivered at
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1042:"STANDARDS: Jaramillo, "No Comparative Context""
1511:. University of California Press. p. 110.
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936:"Audre Lorde on Being a Black Lesbian Feminist"
1396:Encyclopedia of African American women writers
403:is a groundbreaking essential contribution to
177:, coalition building, violence against women,
1184:. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 263.
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1586:Morris, Margaret Kissam (January 1, 2002).
1484:. University of Toronto Press. p. 79.
1016:"Un-Women's Liberation - The Feminist Wire"
537:. Oxford University Press. pp. 28–31.
1427:. University of Minnesota Press. pp.
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1365:Warrior Poet: A Biography of Audre Lorde
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821:Warrior Poet: A Biography of Audre Lorde
252:Chrysalis: A Magazine of Female Culture,
1567:Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion
1505:Ferguson, Kathy E. (February 3, 1993).
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495:Collins, Patricia Hill (June 1, 2002).
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1369:. W. W. Norton & Company. p.
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1178:Morris, Charles E. (January 1, 2007).
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825:. W. W. Norton & Company. p.
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1682:LGBTQ literature in the United States
1592:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
1453:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
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1207:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
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609:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
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442:as a critical influence in his book,
22:Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches
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1361:Veaux, Alexis De (January 1, 2004).
1071:Olson, Lester C. (January 1, 2000).
817:Veaux, Alexis De (January 1, 2004).
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651:. Berkeley, Calif.: Crossing Press.
649:Sister outsider: essays and speeches
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358:National Women's Studies Association
126:Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches
1251:Nayak, Suryia (September 4, 2014).
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850:Ferguson, Roderick A. (Fall 2012).
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316:;" a letter in response to Daly's
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1334:The Cultural Politics of Emotion
647:Lorde, Audre (January 1, 2007).
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784:"Audre Lorde's Life and Career"
752:Dudley, Rachel (January 2006).
334:"An Interview: Audre Lorde and
206:The Erotic vs. The Pornographic
1677:Non-fiction books about racism
1478:Li, Victor (January 1, 2006).
1306:"Haraway_CyborgManifesto.html"
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302:. It articulates the threat
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1419:Ferguson, Roderick (2004).
1284:. Seal Press. p. 287.
1120:Quarterly Journal of Speech
963:Keating, AnaLouise (1996).
902:Quarterly Journal of Speech
567:The Women's Review of Books
446:in which he coins the term
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689:. Routledge. p. 154.
338:;" was first published in
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1337:. Routledge. p. 86.
1154:"Jones, "On Pedagogy...""
1132:10.1080/00335639809384232
914:10.1080/00335639709384171
856:Women's Studies Quarterly
501:. Routledge. p. 18.
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193:The paradoxical title of
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940:www.english.illinois.edu
788:www.english.illinois.edu
90:United States of America
1667:Intersectional feminism
1077:Philosophy and Rhetoric
758:Mcnair Scholars Journal
448:Queer of Color Critique
245:Union of Soviet Writers
1657:English-language books
1642:1980s LGBT literature
1604:10.1353/fro.2002.0009
1447:Wall, Cheryl (1999).
1219:10.1353/fro.2002.0009
1089:10.1353/par.2000.0019
868:10.1353/wsq.2013.0017
444:Aberrations in Black,
413:Patricia Hill Collins
409:Postcolonial feminism
346:Woman Poet: The East.
307:hegemonic masculinity
283:Mount Holyoke College
1662:Black feminist books
1647:Works by Audre Lorde
1423:Aberrations in Black
1312:on February 14, 2012
312:"An Open Letter to
266:The Cancer Journals
33:First edition cover
23:
1672:Books about poetry
886:– via JSTOR.
732:medhum.med.nyu.edu
366:Harvard University
21:
1380:978-0-393-01954-4
1052:on April 25, 2017
1020:The Feminist Wire
836:978-0-393-01954-4
728:"Sister Outsider"
658:978-1-58091-186-3
470:The Man Question,
436:Roderick Ferguson
431:Barbara Christian
426:Publishers Weekly
300:The Black Scholar
295:The Black Scholar
275:The Black Scholar
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287:the erotic
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