563:
679:
626:(mounted) had been removed from the Platte and were engaged in a fruitless search for hostile Indians on the plains south of the Platte. They found the camp on the Republican River occupied by the tribes only after they had left. A great deal of loot was captured and many whites killed. The bulk of the natives then moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River but paused to burn the telegraph station on Lodgepole Creek then attacked the station at Mud Springs on the Jules cutoff. There were 9 soldiers stationed there, the telegraph operator and a few other civilians. The Indians began the attack by running the stock off from the station's corral along with a herd of cattle. Alerted by telegraph, the Army dispatched men from
644:
mountain howitzer with them. With a force of about 185 men
Collins followed the trail of the Indians to their abandoned camp at Rock Creek Spring, then followed their plain trail to the south bank of the North Platte at Rush Creek where they encountered a force of approximately 2,000 warriors on the north side of the river. An inconclusive fight followed and the decision was made to abandon pursuit of the war party. In his report Colonel Collins correctly predicted that the party was en route to the Power River Country and would continue to raid along the North Platte. His estimate of Indian casualties during the two engagements was 100 to 150, many more than reported by
275:
264:
245:
234:
223:
127:
39:
686:. Most battles "between the army and the Dakota were on lands those Indians had taken from other tribes since 1851", and the ongoing conflict between the United States and the buffalo seeking Lakotas in the 1860s and the 1870s was a "clash of two expanding empires". The steady Lakota invasion into treaty areas belonging to smaller tribes ensured the United States firm Indian allies in the Arikaras and the
768:) in the summer of 1866. His strategy, based on his orders from higher headquarters, was to secure the road, rather than fight the Indians. At the same time Red Cloud and the other chiefs soon became aware that they were unable to defeat a fully defended fort, so they kept to raiding every wagon train and traveling party they could find along the road.
610:, led by the Sioux, who were most familiar with the territory, was carried out by about a thousand warriors and was followed up by numerous raids along the South Platte both east and west of Julesburg and a second raid on Julesburg in early February. Following the first raid on January 7, 500 troops under the command of
1085:
volunteered to take a message to the agency at Pine Ridge to get help after the Indian scouts refused to go. Wilson took off through the wagon circle with Sioux in pursuit and his troops covering him. Wilson reached the agency and spread the alarm. The 9th
Cavalry within the agency came to rescue the
655:
from Fort McPherson to Denver. The Sioux, the
Northern Cheyenne, the Northern Arapaho together with the warriors who had come north after the Sand Creek massacre raided the Oregon Trail along the North Platte River, and in July, 1865 attacked the troops stationed at the bridge across the North Platte
593:
attacked a peaceful
Cheyenne and Arapaho village camped on Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado. Under orders to take no prisoners the militia killed an estimated 150 men, women, and children, mutilating the dead and taking scalps and other grisly trophies of battle. The Indians at Sand Creek had been
851:
in the south-western
Nebraska on August 5, 1873, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs advocated a firmer line against all Lakotas harassing people, both Indians and whites, outside the recognized 1868 Lakota domain. "In his 1873 annual report he recommended ... that those Indians roaming west of the
1080:
occurred, and rode south all night to reach the reservation. In the early morning of
December 30, 1890, F, I, and K Troops reached the Pine Ridge agency, however, their supply wagon guarded by D Troop located behind them was attacked by 50 Sioux warriors near Cheyenne Creek (about 2 miles from the
714:
of
Nebraska. The second column, under Lt Col Samuel Walker, would travel north from Fort Laramie to occupy an area west of the Black Hills while the third, led by General Connor and Colonel James H. Kidd, would march up the Powder River. Only minor skirmishing occurred until August 29, 1865, when
790:
The US government came to the conclusion after the
Fetterman Fight that the forts along the Bozeman Trail were expensive to maintain (both in terms of supplies and manpower) and did not bring the intended security for travelers along the Road. However Red Cloud refused to attend any meeting with
634:
on
February 4, about 150 men in all. Arriving on February 5 the first party of reinforcements of 36 men found themselves facing superior forces, estimated to number 500 warriors and with two men wounded were forced to retreat into the station. The second party of 120 troops under the command of
643:
the soldiers were able to hold their own and a standoff resulted. After about 4 hours of fighting the war party left and moved their village to the head of Brown's Creek on the north side of the North Platte. Collins' forces were soon reinforced by 50 more men from Fort
Laramie who had towed a
601:
the survivors joined the camps of the Northern Cheyenne on the Smokey Hill and Republican rivers. There the war pipe was smoked and passed from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho camped in the area and an attack on the stage station and fort, Camp Rankin at that time, at
978:
From November 1890 to January 1891, unresolved grievances led to the last major conflict with the Sioux. A lopsided engagement that involved almost half the infantry and cavalry of the Regular Army caused the surviving warriors to lay down their arms and retreat to their reservations.
594:
assured by the U.S. Government that they would be safe in the territory they were occupying, but anti-Indian sentiments by white settlers were running high. Later congressional investigations resulted in short-lived U.S. public outcry against the slaughter of the Native Americans.
787:. Fetterman's party was drawn into an ambush by an estimated 1,000–3,000 Indians and wiped out. Due to the high casualties on the American side, the Indians called the fight the "Battle of the Hundred Slain" ever since; among the Whites, it was called the "Fetterman Massacre".
1110:
The 9th Cavalry were stationed on the Pine Ridge reservation through the rest of the winter of 1890–1891 until March 1891, lodging in their tents. By then, the 9th Cavalry was the only regiment on the reservation after being the first to arrive in November 1890.
1039:
On the Sioux reservations, McLaughlin had Kicking Bear arrested, while Sitting Bull's arrest on December 15, 1890, resulted in a struggle between reservation police and Ghost Dancers in which Sitting Bull was killed. Two weeks later, the military intercepted
562:
526:
In the aftermath, battles continued between Minnesota regiments and combined Lakota and Dakota forces through 1864 as Col. Henry Sibley's troops pursued the Sioux. Sibley's army defeated the Lakota and Dakota in four major battles in 1863: the
723:. That morning Connor's men charged and captured a village and routed the defenders who counterattacked unsuccessfully. A few days later a small party of soldiers and civilian surveyors was attacked by the Arapaho in what became known as the
1028:. He told them that in the spring, the earth would be covered with a new layer of soil that would bury the white men while the Native Americans who did the Ghost Dance would be suspended in the air. The grass and the
799:
which included all South Dakota territory west of the Missouri river. It also declared additional territory reaching as far as the Yellowstone and North Platte rivers as unceded territory for sole use by the Indians.
791:
treaty commissions during 1867. Only after the army evacuated the forts in the Powder River country and the Indians burned down all three of them, did he travel to Fort Laramie in the summer of 1868, where the
543:
on September 3, 1863. The Sioux retreated further but faced the United States army again in 1864. General Alfred Sully led a force from near Fort Pierre, South Dakota, and decisively defeated the Sioux at the
585:
The Colorado War began in 1863 and was primarily fought by American militia while the United States Army played a minor role. Several Native American tribes attacked American settlements in the
745:
to the Montana gold fields, the US government tried to negotiate new treaties with the Lakota Indians who were legally entitled to the Powder River country, through which the trail led, by the
771:
Young eager warriors from the Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes formed war parties who would attack woodcutting parties near the forts as well as freight trains to cut their supplies.
1002:, was able to secure the Sioux's signatures by keeping the final treaty council a secret from Sitting Bull. The treaty broke up their 35,000 acres (142 km) into six small reservations.
488:
The Santee Sioux or Dakotas of Western Minnesota rebelled on August 17, 1862, after the Federal Government failed to deliver the annuity payments that had been promised to them in the
812:
tribe ceded land to the United States, including areas along the Yellowstone, Montana. The army came under attack by Lakotas in 1872, while it protected surveying expeditions for the
933:, leading an attack on a large Indian encampment and commanding a force of over 600 troops, was badly defeated with the loss of over 300 men killed or wounded, including himself.
519:
to the US Army. In the following murder trials, 303 Indians were sentenced to death. After closer investigation from Washington, 38 were hanged on December 26 in the town of
1678:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1652:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1636:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1614:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1895:
783:
were the best known ones among them. On December 21, 1866, Indians fired on woodcutters working near Fort Phil Kearny. The relief party was commanded by Captain
706:
was placed in command with hundreds of regular and volunteer soldiers at his disposal. Connor divided his force into three columns, the first was under Colonel
852:
Dakota line be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux Reservation". "The Great Sioux War" could have started in 1873, but nothing came about.
832:
at the Missouri had to fight attacking Lakotas on August 26, 1872. Nearly 300 Lakotas attacked the fort on October 14. Around 100 Lakotas attacked close by
1905:
1440:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
1385:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
1311:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
753:
to establish new forts to watch over the Bozeman Road, the Indians refused to sign any treaty and left Fort Laramie determined to defend their land.
1920:
361:
1839:
921:
on June 17, when 1,500 Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warriors, led by Crazy Horse himself, defeated a force of 1,300 Americans under General
1900:
837:
678:
651:
In the spring of 1865, raids continued along the Oregon trail in Nebraska. January 27, 1865 while a brisk northwest wind was blowing the army
1890:
1348:
913:, which ended with a Native American victory. During the fighting, the Cheyenne were forced to retreat with their families further up the
1855:
589:, including the Lakota Sioux who raided in northeast Colorado. On November 29, 1864 Colorado Volunteers under the command of Colonel
661:
619:
1915:
1910:
1702:
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1873, Washington, 1874. p. 6.
1372:, George Bird Grinnell, University of Oklahoma Press (1956 original copyright 1915 Charles Scribner's Sons), hardcover, 454 pp.
1069:
765:
1032:
would return, along with the ghosts of their dead ancestors. The Ghost Dance movement spread across western reservations. The
1467:
1457:
1445:
1425:
1413:
1402:
1390:
1344:
1316:
1885:
354:
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people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at
1520:
White, Richard: The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.
816:
down the river. The next year, the Lakotas carried out attacks on the U.S. army in the five years old U.S. territory at
1779:
914:
1081:
Indian agency). One soldier was immediately killed. The wagon train protected itself by circling the wagons. Corporal
555:
The survivors were forced to move to a small reservation on the Missouri River in central South Dakota. There, on the
1601:
682:
Map indicating the battlefields of the Lakota wars (1851–1890) and the Lakota Indian territory as described in the
999:
347:
1048:, mostly women who had lost husbands and other male relatives in the wars with the U.S. military. When Colonel
673:
639:, commandant of Fort Laramie, arrived on the 6th and found themselves facing 500 to 1,000 warriors. Armed with
408:
398:
1052:
tried to disarm the last Miniconjou of his rifle, a shot broke out, and the surrounding soldiers opened fire.
1347:
Being a Fragment of the Early History of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming", Crane & Company (1911)
1293:
792:
746:
683:
1625:
Custer, Elizabeth B. (1968): "Boots and Saddles" or, Life in Dakota with General Custer. Norman, pp. 237 ff.
749:. Because the military sent simultaneously two battalions of the 18th Infantry under the command of Colonel
926:
489:
998:
and held the Sioux resistance together for a few years. But in the summer of 1889, the reservation agent,
1478:
Ewers, John C.: Intertribal Warfare as a Precursor of Indian-White Warfare on the Northern Great Plains.
1332:
545:
532:
1833:
1847:
720:
817:
540:
606:
on the South Platte River was planned and carried out in January, 1865. This successful attack, the
960:
defended a ridge from a series of failed attacks led by Crazy Horse, who ultimately surrendered at
813:
611:
45:
1665:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1561:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1548:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1175:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
953:
861:
841:
796:
640:
627:
586:
413:
249:
159:
49:
1082:
1073:
945:
910:
821:
623:
556:
549:
501:
1863:
1771:
1764:
1077:
937:
918:
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left their reservations, apparently to go on the war path and defend the sacred Black Hills.
702:
against the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes that lived in the Black Hills region. General
96:, partly in 1851 Lakota treaty territory, but mainly in 1851 Crow treaty guaranteed country.
1356:
1352:
1099:
833:
784:
615:
536:
471:
30:
1738:
8:
1880:
1086:
stranded troopers and the Sioux dispersed. For his actions, Corporal Wilson received the
757:
750:
699:
607:
603:
598:
528:
505:
106:
1713:
Counting Coup and Cutting Horses. Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738–1889
1274:
1254:
1057:
983:
898:
736:
727:, three Americans were killed and it marked the last skirmish of the Powder River War.
716:
695:
636:
493:
483:
403:
388:
227:
1507:
Calloway, Colin G.: The Inter-tribal Balance of Power on the Great Plains, 1760–1850.
511:
Most of the warriors who took part in the fighting escaped to the west and north into
1775:
1759:
1597:
1463:
1441:
1409:
1386:
1312:
1010:
703:
515:
to continue the conflict, while the remaining Santees surrendered on September 26 at
897:
In the first major fight of the war, on March 17, 1876, about 300 men under Colonel
866:
The Great Sioux War refers to a series of conflicts from 1876 to 1877 involving the
500:. They killed over 800 German farmers, including men, women and children. After the
1266:
1049:
990:, but the government pressured them to sign a treaty giving up much of their land.
987:
956:
on January 8, 1877, were the last major fights in the conflict. During the latter,
949:
761:
512:
467:
451:
383:
324:
308:
253:
948:
to secure supplies for Crook's command, located and attacked a Sioux village. The
1033:
1022:
973:
957:
917:, leaving behind large quantities of weapons and ammunition. Next came the major
848:
657:
590:
567:
455:
418:
268:
191:
16:
Conflicts between the United States and indigenous Sioux tribes from 1854 to 1891
1462:
by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (August, 2003), hardcover, 304 pages,
1408:
by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (August, 2003), hardcover, 304 pages,
940:
on September 9 and 10, when elements of the 1st Cavalry Regiment led by Captain
1125:
1087:
1029:
196:
1874:
1188:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935
1053:
961:
930:
867:
742:
724:
435:
274:
263:
244:
233:
222:
178:
173:
154:
132:
93:
504:
on September 2, the Indians were eventually defeated on September 23 in the
1328:
1060:, killing, according to one estimate, 300 of 350 men, women, and children.
1025:
1006:
991:
925:. Crook was forced to retreat, which helped set the stage for the infamous
922:
887:
883:
631:
580:
516:
497:
443:
393:
332:
320:
316:
288:
238:
89:
836:
on May 7, 1873. Both forts were located in former Lakota territory, which
1120:
1041:
1014:
941:
891:
879:
829:
809:
772:
715:
Connor's column of about 400 men encountered about 500 Arapahos of Chief
707:
687:
645:
304:
296:
279:
149:
38:
1278:
1045:
780:
776:
711:
1860:
Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
1503:
1501:
875:
300:
1355:
when on September 19, 1863 it was deployed to Omaha en route to the
1331:
and the Sioux Indian War of 1865 Long Soldier Winter Count, 1864–65
1270:
1013:
brought the Sioux one last hope of resistance. They taught them the
1844:
Combined Arms Research Library, Command & General Staff College
1226:
902:
871:
652:
466:
The First Sioux War was fought between 1854 and 1856 following the
283:
206:
1498:
840:
to the United States at the same time as the establishment of the
566:
Map of the west circa 1858 (commissioned by then-Secretary of War
1574:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
1535:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
1227:"The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Great Sioux War (1876)"
1201:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
825:
520:
447:
144:
1814:
Rocky Mountain West: Colorado, Wyoming, & Montana, 1859–1915
1018:
995:
906:
1807:
The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West
1766:
Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 187–1898
439:
339:
201:
167:
1164:. Vol. 2. pp. 1008–1011: Treaty with the Crows, May 7, 1868.
1068:
The battalion of 9th Cavalry Regiment was scouting near the
450:, when Sioux warriors killed 31 American soldiers in the
1646:
1644:
1401:
Pages 35 to 44, Chapter 3 "Mud Springs and Rush Creek"
1641:
1255:"Blue Water Creek and the First Sioux War, 1854–1856"
1816:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992.
760:
and established two additional forts further north (
1896:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
1834:
Dakota Blues: The History of The Great Sioux Nation
1763:
1491:Stands In Timber, John and Margot Liberty (1972):
1456:Pages 46 to 62, Chapter 4 "Hanging of the Chiefs"
1036:considered it a threat and sent out its military.
741:Due to increasing demand of safe travel along the
492:of 1851. The tribe pillaged the nearby village of
1724:Kvasnicka, Robert M. and Herman J. Viola (1979):
1524:, Vo. 65, No. 2 (Sep. 1987), pp. 319–343, p. 342.
1482:, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct. 1975), pp. 397–410, p. 408.
1872:
1802:. Revised Edition. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1975.
1156:
1154:
1511:, Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 1982), pp. 2–47, p. 46.
1726:The Commissioners of Indian Affairs, 1824–1977
1438:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
1383:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
1309:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
1151:
982:That autumn, the Sioux were moved to a large
886:, war broke out when the followers of Chiefs
355:
1754:
1752:
1072:, about 50 miles north of Indian agency at
362:
348:
1906:19th-century colonization of the Americas
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
803:
1823:. N.Y.: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1950.
1758:
1749:
1298:, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
1296:: An Indian History of the American West
677:
620:First Nebraska Veteran Volunteer Cavalry
561:
454:, and the final came in 1890 during the
1921:History of the Midwestern United States
1327:An arbitrary dividing line between the
1093:
1063:
434:were a series of conflicts between the
1901:Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
1873:
1579:
1495:. Lincoln and London. P. 170, note 13.
1459:Circle of fire: the Indian war of 1865
1406:Circle of Fire: The Indian war of 1865
1403:Chapter 3 "Mud Springs and Rush Creek"
1333:The Winter Count of Crazy Horse's Life
1070:White River (Missouri River tributary)
936:The next major engagement occurred at
710:and was assigned to operate along the
105:United States victory, Sioux moved to
779:from the Hunkpapas and Hump from the
523:in America's largest mass-execution.
477:
343:
1891:Indian wars of the American Old West
1770:. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp.
1252:
559:their descendants still live today.
1351:was the most junior officer in the
1253:Ball, Durwood (September 1, 2006).
667:
662:Battle of the Platte Bridge Station
13:
1190:. Cambridge. p. 108 and map p. 99.
1017:, something they had learned from
967:
964:in May 1877, thus ending the war.
855:
730:
461:
14:
1932:
1827:
1691:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1436:Pages 201 to 207 and 212 to 222,
1214:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1162:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1044:band of Ghost Dancers. They were
44:"Custer's Last Stand" during the
1563:Lincoln and London. pp. 112–114.
1241:Plenty Coups. Chief of the Crows
1105:
874:tribes. Following the influx of
648:a participant in the war party.
273:
262:
243:
232:
221:
125:
37:
1792:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1628:
1619:
1606:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1522:The Journal of American History
1514:
1485:
1472:
1450:
1430:
1418:
1395:
1375:
1362:
1337:
1321:
1301:
1285:
929:on June 25. Lieutenant Colonel
795:was signed. It established the
574:
1916:Battles involving the Cheyenne
1572:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
1533:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
1246:
1233:
1219:
1206:
1203:. New York. Map facing p. xxi.
1199:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
1193:
1180:
1167:
1138:
849:massacre on the Pawnee Indians
674:Powder River Expedition (1865)
474:was fought in September 1855.
369:
1:
1911:Battles involving the Arapaho
1728:. Lincoln and London. p. 145.
1594:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1294:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1281:– via academic.oup.com.
1243:. Lincoln and London. p. 155.
1131:
994:had previously returned from
824:. Further east, soldiers and
793:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
684:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
622:, and Companies "B" and "C,"
548:on July 28, 1864, and at the
438:and various subgroups of the
1743:www.friendslittlebighorn.com
1480:Western Historical Quarterly
1239:Linderman, Frank B. (1962):
1186:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1995):
927:Battle of the Little Bighorn
847:Especially after the Lakota
570:) showing lands of the Sioux
490:Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
7:
1886:Battles involving the Sioux
1805:Limerick, Patricia Nelson.
1689:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1550:Lincoln and London. P. 132.
1509:Journal of American Studies
1259:Journal of American History
1212:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1177:Lincoln and London. p. 113.
1160:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1114:
1102:followed later in the day.
546:Battle of Killdeer Mountain
533:Battle of Dead Buffalo Lake
10:
1937:
1809:. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
1711:McGinnis, Anthony (1990):
1667:Lincoln and London. p. 49.
1663:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1559:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1546:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1424:Chapter 34, Ware, Eugene,
1343:Chapter 32, Ware, Eugene,
1173:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
971:
952:, on November 25, and the
859:
734:
721:Battle of the Tongue River
671:
612:General Robert B. Mitchell
578:
539:on July 28, 1863; and the
481:
293:Alligator-Stands-Up (Crow)
1856:"Atlas of the Sioux Wars"
1840:"Atlas of the Sioux Wars"
541:Battle of Whitestone Hill
379:
214:
117:
57:
36:
28:
23:
1616:. St. Joseph. pp. 61–62.
814:Northern Pacific Railway
641:Spencer repeating rifles
46:Battle of Little Bighorn
1596:, ch. 6. Bantam Books.
1537:. New York. pp. 64, 84.
1345:The Indian War of 1864:
1144:Libby, Orin G. (1920):
954:Battle of Wolf Mountain
862:Great Sioux War of 1876
842:Great Sioux Reservation
797:Great Sioux Reservation
690:during the Lakota Wars.
656:at the present site of
399:Powder River Expedition
50:Crow Indian Reservation
1821:Rocky Mountain Country
1426:The Indian War of 1864
944:, while moving toward
911:Battle of Powder River
804:The early 1870s fights
756:Carrington reinforced
747:Treaty of Fort Laramie
694:In 1865 Major General
691:
624:First Nebraska Militia
571:
557:Crow Creek Reservation
550:Battle of the Badlands
535:on July 26, 1863; the
531:on July 24, 1863, the
502:Battle of Birch Coulee
409:Yellowstone Expedition
215:Commanders and leaders
1370:The Fighting Cheyenne
1146:The Arikara Narrative
1078:Wounded Knee Massacre
1056:shredded the camp on
919:Battle of the Rosebud
681:
565:
1850:on October 25, 2004.
1819:Williams, Albert N.
1715:. Evergreen. p. 129.
1680:. St. Joseph. p. 65.
1654:. St. Joseph. p. 62.
1638:. St. Joseph. p. 66.
1368:Footnote 6, p. 188,
1353:Seventh Iowa Cavalry
1100:Drexel Mission Fight
1094:Drexel Mission Fight
1064:Stranded 9th Cavalry
834:Fort Abraham Lincoln
808:On May 7, 1868, the
785:William J. Fetterman
616:Seventh Iowa Cavalry
537:Battle of Stony Lake
472:Battle of Ash Hollow
31:American Indian Wars
1676:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1650:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1634:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1612:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1592:Brown, Dee (1970):
1291:Brown, Dee (1970):
838:the tribe had ceded
751:Henry B. Carrington
700:punitive expedition
608:Battle of Julesburg
599:Sand Creek massacre
552:on August 9, 1864.
529:Battle of Big Mound
506:Battle of Wood Lake
1760:Schubert, Frank N.
1739:"Cheyenne Primacy"
1693:. Vol. 2. p. 1002.
1576:. New York. p. xi.
1381:Pages 168 to 155,
1307:Pages 148 to 163,
1058:Wounded Knee Creek
899:Joseph J. Reynolds
696:Grenville M. Dodge
692:
614:consisting of the
572:
484:Dakota War of 1862
478:Dakota War of 1862
389:Dakota War of 1862
228:John M. Chivington
1866:on July 13, 2009.
1798:Lavender, David.
1493:Cheyenne Memories
1468:978-0-8117-0061-0
1446:978-0-8061-1577-1
1414:978-0-8117-0061-0
1391:978-0-8061-1577-1
1317:978-0-8061-1577-1
1216:. Vol. 2. p. 595.
1005:In October 1890,
903:Northern Cheyenne
872:Northern Cheyenne
775:from the Oglala,
704:Patrick E. Connor
653:fired the prairie
427:
426:
338:
337:
113:
112:
1928:
1867:
1862:. Archived from
1851:
1846:. Archived from
1812:Smith, Duane A.
1786:
1785:
1769:
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1229:. June 16, 2019.
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1050:James W. Forsyth
1046:Miniconjou Sioux
1000:James McLaughlin
988:Dakota Territory
950:Dull Knife Fight
909:warriors in the
766:Fort C. F. Smith
762:Fort Phil Kearny
668:Powder River War
513:Dakota Territory
452:Grattan Massacre
374:
364:
357:
350:
341:
340:
329:
313:
278:
277:
267:
266:
258:
250:George A. Custer
248:
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237:
236:
226:
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160:Eastern Shoshone
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1034:U.S. government
976:
974:Ghost Dance War
970:
968:Ghost Dance War
958:Nelson A. Miles
864:
858:
856:Great Sioux War
818:Honsinger Bluff
806:
739:
737:Red Cloud's War
733:
731:Red Cloud's War
676:
670:
658:Casper, Wyoming
637:William Collins
591:John Chivington
583:
577:
568:Jefferson Davis
486:
480:
470:. The punitive
464:
462:First Sioux War
456:Ghost Dance War
428:
423:
419:Ghost Dance War
414:Great Sioux War
404:Red Cloud's War
384:First Sioux War
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1828:External links
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1781:978-0842025867
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468:Grattan Fight
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1793:Bibliography
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1329:Colorado War
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1038:
1026:medicine man
1007:Kicking Bear
1004:
992:Sitting Bull
981:
977:
935:
923:George Crook
915:Powder River
907:Oglala Sioux
896:
888:Sitting Bull
884:South Dakota
868:Lakota Sioux
865:
846:
828:scouts from
822:Pease Bottom
807:
789:
770:
755:
740:
693:
650:
632:Fort Laramie
596:
584:
581:Colorado War
575:Colorado War
554:
525:
517:Camp Release
510:
498:Fort Ridgely
487:
465:
444:Fort Laramie
431:
429:
394:Colorado War
371:
333:Spotted Tail
326:
321:Black Kettle
317:Sitting Bull
310:
289:Plenty Coups
255:
239:George Crook
185:
184:
166:
138:
137:
123:
118:Belligerents
107:reservations
90:Great Plains
43:
29:Part of the
18:
1800:The Rockies
1357:Indian Wars
1349:Eugene Ware
1148:. Bismarck.
1121:Apache Wars
1076:, when the
1015:Ghost Dance
984:reservation
942:Anson Mills
938:Slim Buttes
892:Crazy Horse
880:Black Hills
876:gold miners
830:Fort McKean
781:Miniconjous
773:Crazy Horse
708:Nelson Cole
646:George Bent
305:Crazy Horse
297:Little Crow
286:(Shoshone)
280:Marcus Reno
1881:Sioux Wars
1875:Categories
1132:References
1074:Pine Ridge
1042:Big Foot's
1011:Short Bull
905:and a few
717:Black Bear
712:Loup River
698:ordered a
432:Sioux Wars
372:Sioux Wars
24:Sioux Wars
844:in 1868.
758:Fort Reno
604:Julesburg
301:Red Cloud
1762:(1997).
1115:See also
946:Deadwood
635:Colonel
284:Washakie
207:Comanche
192:Cheyenne
85:Location
1772:121–132
1279:4486288
1030:buffalo
986:in the
878:to the
826:Arikara
719:in the
521:Mankato
494:New Ulm
448:Wyoming
327:†
311:†
291:(Crow)
256:†
197:Arapaho
186:Allies:
139:Allies:
75: (
67: (
1778:
1600:
1466:
1444:
1412:
1389:
1315:
1277:
1023:Paiute
1019:Wovoka
996:Canada
660:, the
618:, the
323:
307:
252:
179:Dakota
174:Lakota
155:Pawnee
130:
102:Result
1275:JSTOR
688:Crows
440:Sioux
202:Kiowa
168:Sioux
73:–1891
1776:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1098:The
1021:, a
1009:and
890:and
870:and
820:and
810:Crow
777:Gall
764:and
630:and
430:The
150:Crow
77:1891
69:1854
65:1854
62:Date
1267:doi
882:of
446:in
1877::
1858:.
1842:.
1774:.
1751:^
1741:.
1643:^
1581:^
1500:^
1273:.
1263:93
1261:.
1257:.
1153:^
1090:.
664:.
508:.
458:.
92:,
1784:.
1745:.
1359:.
1269::
363:e
356:t
349:v
109:.
79:)
71:)
52:.
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