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packtrain. Lieutenant Edward Mathey years later told Walter Camp that Reno greeted them holding up a bottle of whiskey and calling out, "I got half a bottle yet." McDougall found Reno disoriented, perhaps suffering from shock, certainly taking no interest in their precarious situation. He urged
Benteen to "take charge and run the thing." Benteen quickly established a horseshoe-shaped defensive perimeter on the bluffs near where he and Reno had met earlier. They were attacked immediately and throughout the rest of the day.
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707:. Almost immediately, friction arose between the new Mrs. Reno and her eighteen year old stepson Robert. She was concerned with his excessive gambling and wild lifestyle, while he objected to her constant supervision. They were living at the Lochiel Hotel in Harrisburg where Robert had run up a large bill. There, on Christmas night 1883, Robert, without invitation, entered the room of actress
334:, to James Reno (originally Reynaud) and his wife, the former Charlotte (Hinton) Miller, a divorcee with one daughter, Harriet Cordelia Miller, from her first marriage. The couple had six children together: Eliza, Leonard, Cornelia, Marcus, Sophronia, and Henry. Charlotte, the mother of Reno died June 25, 1848, after an extended illness. Marcus was 13.
322:, where he did not support Custer's position on the battlefield, remaining instead in a defensive formation with his troops about 4 miles (6.4 km) away. This event has since been a longstanding subject of controversy regarding his command decisions in the course of one of the most infamous defeats in the history of the United States military.
736:. He was admitted to Providence Hospital in Washington on March 19, 1889, and underwent surgery the same day. While hospitalized he developed pneumonia and died at the age of 54 in the early hours of March 30, 1889. No preparations had been made for his burial, so it was arranged that he be temporarily interred at Washington's
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through a window. Ms. Swain refused to press charges, but the management insisted the Renos leave. Reno sent his son to live with an uncle in
Pittsburgh. The couple became estranged and over the next few years separated. Finally, Isabella brought charges of neglect, and in October 1888, she filed for
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rode north about a mile toward the sound of gunfire to the present-day Weir Point, followed by his company. There they could see dust and smoke some three miles farther north. They first assumed it was some of Custer's men. As they watched, however, they saw warriors emerging from the smoke, heading
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was shot through the head while next to Reno. Most of the other scouts slipped away and escaped. Reno led a hasty scramble across the river and up the bluffs on the other side. His retreat became a rout. There he was met by
Benteen with his three companies. Out of breath, Reno called out, "For God's
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Reno set off for the village. Crossing the ford, he seemed uncertain. Dr. Porter, riding with him, thought it odd when Reno asked if Porter wanted his carbine. His horse was unruly and "the gun got in the way." There was initially no resistance as the soldiers skirted the timber. After "not over ten
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As night fell the attack slackened off, while the Lakota village was alive with celebration. About 2:30 a.m., two rifle shots signaled a resumption of the attack. The firing resumed at dawn and continued until late in the afternoon, when the soldiers saw the distant village being broken up and
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on
February 21, 1879. He concluded, "I concur with the court in its exoneration of Major Reno from the charges of cowardice which have been brought against him." He added, "The suspicion or accusation that Gen. Custer owed his death and the destruction of his command to the failure of Major Reno,
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Isabella died
January 14, 1904. Robert Ross Reno married Maria Ittie Kinney in May 1885. His business ventures failed and he became a traveling salesman. Ittie seldom heard from him; when she did, he asked for money. On August 19, 1898, he sent a telegram to her brother-in-law, "Make Ittie get a
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Soon
Benteen arrived. Looking at the situation, he realized this was "a hell of a place to fight Indians." He decided they should retreat to their original position, now called the "Reno-Benteen defense site" or simply "Reno Hill". Meanwhile, Captain McDougall had arrived at the site with the
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The initially few Indian warriors ahead were still several hundred yards away when troops dismounted and formed a skirmish line. Soon, however, the troops were outflanked by hundreds of warriors. Reno and his command fell back into the timber along the river. Near the river the
Arikara scout
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Shortly afterward, they were surprised that the pursuing warriors began to turn away from them and head north. Two miles back, McDougall, marching with the pack train, heard gunfire, "a dull sound that resounded through the hills". The troops with
Benteen and Reno—even Lieutenant
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estimated that the number of "warriors did not exceed thirty-five hundred", while
Captain Philo Clark, who interviewed a number of Indian survivors, "considered twenty-six hundred as the maximum number". Miles concluded, "At all events, they greatly outnumbered Custer's command."
675:. He was convicted of conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline, and dismissed from the service April 1, 1880. Reno took an apartment in Washington D.C., where he doggedly pursued restoration of his military rank while working as an examiner in the Bureau of Pensions.
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sake, Benteen! Halt your command and help me! I've lost half my men! By this time 40 of Reno's 140 men already had been killed, 7 were wounded, and an undetermined number had been left behind in the timber, although most of those abandoned would later manage to rejoin him.
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Personal
Recollections and Observations of General Nelson A. Miles embracing a Brief View of the Civil War, or, From New England to the Golden Gate: and the story of his Indian campaigns, with comments on the exploration, development and progress of our great western
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The Official Record of a Court of Inquiry Convened at Chicago, Illinois, January 13, 1879, by the President of the United States upon the request of Major Marcus A. Reno, 7th U.S. Cavalry, to investigate his conduct at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, June 25–26,
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carrying ammunition and supplies. Historians believe the cavalry officers did not understand how large the village was. Estimates vary as to the size of the village (up to 10,000 teepees) and the number of warriors engaged. After visiting the battlefield, General
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for their bravery in the battle. For Reno, criticism was his only reward. Between 1868 and 1878 the Army conducted nineteen attacks on Indian villages. Only one was unsuccessful: Reno's (not counting Custer's, which was not merely unsuccessful, but disastrous).
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Following the war, Reno served briefly as an instructor at West Point. On October 31, 1865, he became judge advocate of the Military Commission in New Orleans, bringing his family with him. On December 4, 1865, he was assigned as provost marshal of the
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In 1967 at the request of Charles Reno, Reno's great-nephew, a U.S. military review board reopened Reno's 1880 court martial. It reversed the decision, ruling Reno's dismissal from the service improper and awarding him an honorable discharge.
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in Washington Territory, where he reported in September 1858. With the outbreak of the Civil War, the 1st Dragoons were renamed as 1st Cavalry Regiment and transferred through Panama to Washington, D.C., arriving in January 1862. Reno, now a
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on January 13, 1879, and called as witnesses most of the surviving officers who had been in the fight. After 26 days of testimony, Judge Advocate General W. M. Dunn submitted his opinion and recommendations to the Secretary of War
349:. After some initial disappointment, he was admitted and attended West Point from 1851 until 1857, requiring two extra years due to excessive demerits. Reno graduated June 28, 1857, 20th in a class of 38. He was assigned to the
579:, who was deaf in one ear—also heard it. Both Reno and Benteen claimed they never heard it. Further, they did not at once advance to find out the source, which would later gave rise to charges that they had abandoned Custer.
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until he could be reinterred with his first wife at the Ross family plot in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. No room could be found for his remains there, so his temporary, unmarked grave seemed his final resting place.
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While serving at Fort Vancouver, Reno became a Freemason, joining Washington Lodge #4. He was initiated on July 6, 1867, made a Fellowcraft Mason on August 3, and raised to Master Mason on August 21, 1867.
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On October 20, 1882, he married Isabella Steele Ray McGunnegle of New York City. She was the widow of Lieutenant Commander Wilson McGunnegle and a mother of three adult children, including army officer
636:, while Bell was away. A general court-martial hearing began in St. Paul on May 8, 1877. Reno was found guilty on six of seven charges against him, and ordered dismissed from the army. Later, President
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At the time of his appointment to West Point, Reno was about 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weighed about 145 pounds (66 kg). He had dark hair, brown eyes and a dark complexion.
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The court of inquiry did little to change public opinion. Enlisted men later stated they had been coerced into giving a positive report to both Reno and Benteen. Lieutenant Charles DeRudio told
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minutes", and as they came into view of village, Reno ordered "Halt!" and "Prepare to fight on foot!"." He later explained, "I... saw that I was being drawn into some trap."
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spoke out against a memorial to Reno at the site. Writing in 1926, she stated "I long for a memorial to our heroes on the battlefield of the Little Big Horn [
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divorce. The court did not immediately act on her request and in late February, 1889, Reno filed for divorce, claiming Isabella had "deserted him in February 1887".
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Valley. On learning of her death, he requested leave to attend her funeral. He started for home only to learn that General Alfred Terry had denied his request.
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671:, Dakota Territory, Reno again faced court-martial, charged with conduct unbecoming an officer, including a physical assault on a subordinate officer,
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claimed that Reno had admitted to its former editor that "his strange actions" during and after the Battle of Little Bighorn were "due to drink".
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Responding to charges of cowardice and drunkenness at the Little Bighorn, Reno demanded and was granted a court of inquiry. The court convened in
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in June 1876. Reno, with three companies, was to attack the Indian village from the south, while Custer with five companies intended to cross the
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as assistant inspector general of the Department of the Columbia. In December 1868, he was promoted to major and served on court martial duty at
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660:"that there was a private understanding between a number of officers that they would do all they could to save Reno." In 1904, a story in the
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632:. There, in December 1876, he was charged with making unwanted advances toward the wife of another officer of the Seventh Cavalry, Captain
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On the Little Bighorn with Walter Camp: A Collection of Walter Mason Camp's Letters Notes and Opinions on Custer's Last Fight
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as commander at Spartanburg, South Carolina. After several special assignments, he joined the consolidated regiment at
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the tribes moving south. The next morning, the 27th, the surviving troops moved closer to the river, where General
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on March 17, 1863, when his horse was shot and fell on him, causing a hernia. He was awarded the brevet rank of
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divorce or I will." She filed for divorce in October; it was granted June 22, 1899. She died on June 4, 1941.
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Years later, there was a move to erect a monument to Reno at the Little Bighorn Battlefield. Custer's widow
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for gallant and meritorious conduct. After convalescing, he returned to fight July 10, 1863, at the
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On September 9, 1967, his remains were reinterred with honors (including a church ceremony in
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through incompetency or cowardice, to go to his relief, is considered as set to rest...."
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Camp, Custer, and the Little Bighorn: A Collection of Walter Mason Camp's Research Papers
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with three companies to reconnoiter the areas south of the Sioux camp, and then return.
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farther north and come into the village from the opposite side; Custer ordered Captain
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in 1863. They were the parents of a son, Robert Ross Reno, and owned a farm near
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The Reno Court of Inquiry: Abstract of the Official Record of the Proceedings
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851:. Reno was portrayed by Michael Medeiros in the 1991 television mini-series
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as Custer, in the 1960 episode, "Gold, Glory, and Custer - Prelude" of the
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Touched by Fire: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of George Armstrong Custer
754:] but not to single out for honor, the one coward of the regiment."
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where he was a combatant in a number of major battles, and later under
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After the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Reno was assigned command of
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United States career military officer, Union Army general (1834–1889)
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1594:"'Son of Morning Star' Sheds Dim Light on Definitive Custer Story"
435:. In January 1865, he entered volunteer service as colonel of the
1376:. Vol. 4. Chicago, IL: Marquis Who's Who. 1968. p. 639.
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and their forces found them. Thirteen survivors were awarded the
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1500:. Corpus Christi, TX. January 3, 1960. p. 8E – via
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U.S. Senate Committee on Military Affairs (January 16, 1883).
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915:. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), pp. 1-2.
1166:. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1974), p. 217
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toward them, "thick as grasshoppers in a harvest field".
1257:. (El Paso, TX: Little Big Horn Associates, 1981), p. 105.
1101:. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990), p. 101
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In March 1858 he was ordered to duty with his regiment at
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His future uncertain, at the age of 15, Reno wrote to the
1153:. (New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1996), p. 311.
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in the title role of Cheyenne Bodie. In the 1965 movie, "
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The Benteen-Goldin Letters on Custer and His Last Battle
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Reno was the senior officer serving under Custer at the
476:, U.S. Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the
1524:. Fairbanks, AK. May 31, 1969. p. 14 – via
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Curt Eriksmoen, "Calvary officers fought over wife",
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Custer in '76: Walter Camp's Notes on the Custer fight
928:. (San Francisco, CA: North Point Press, 1984), p. 40.
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1549:. Chicago, IL. p. Section 2, Page 5 – via
1321:"Marcus Reno's Courts-Martial: Senate Report No. 926"
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1309:. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2000), pp. 338-339.
1049:. (Pacific Palisades, CA: W. A. Graham, 1951) p. 213
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765:, and an eleven-gun salute at his gravesite) in the
431:. For his service at Cedar Creek, he was brevetted
318:. Reno is most noted for his prominent role in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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883:List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)
728:Marcus Reno gravestone at Custer National Cemetery
330:Marcus Albert Reno was born November 15, 1834, in
1296:. (El Segundo, CA: Upton and Sons, 2002), p. 241.
1739:People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
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1724:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
1516:"'Sioux Massacre' on ABC Movie Wednesday Night"
1231:. (El Segundo, CA: Upton and Sons, 1997), p. 43
1075:. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1953), p. 139.
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488:there. On August 6, 1866, he was reassigned to
469:nominated Reno for appointment to the grade of
1602:. Salt Lake City, UT. p. 4C – via
1577:. December 1, 1977. p. A–16 – via
1255:"A Hundred Years Later": Custer and His Times
1035:. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1995), p. 62
640:reduced the dismissal sentence to two years.
480:confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.
1307:The Custer Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana
848:The Court-Martial of George Armstrong Custer
732:By mid-March, 1889, Reno was diagnosed with
974:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
399:In 1864, Reno took part in the battles of
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1565:"NBC Court–Martials Hero of 'Last Stand'"
1281:The Official Record of a Court of Inquiry
1086:The Official Record of a Court of Inquiry
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1022:. (Chicago: Werner, 1896), pp. 290-293.
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1592:Schindler, Harold (January 31, 1991).
1539:Terry, Clifford (September 10, 1968).
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1754:United States Military Academy alumni
1734:People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
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913:In Custer's Shadow: Major Marcus Reno
667:In 1879, while commanding officer at
792:portrayed Colonel Marcus Reno, with
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1112:The Reno Court of Inquiry: Abstract
720:Death, military review and reburial
437:12th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry
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1062:. (New York: Viking, 1996), p. 37.
1060:With Custer on the Little Big Horn
785:Portrayals in films and television
500:. On July 21, 1871, he joined the
451:. Reno received an appointment as
261:12th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
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360:. He reported to the regiment at
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1679:Bloodshed at Little Big Horn
1640:. Henry Holt & Company.
1573:. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
1541:"'Custer' Ride, Loses Again"
1444:New Perspectives on the West
831:Reno was portrayed by actor
689:New Cumberland, Pennsylvania
518:Battle of the Little Bighorn
512:Battle of the Little Bighorn
460:Regular Army (United States)
320:Battle of the Little Bighorn
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247:1st U.S. Cavalry Regiment
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1632:Barnett, Louise (1996).
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972:Civil War High Commands.
822:The Great Sioux Massacre
767:Custer National Cemetery
532:'s company escorted the
530:Captain Thomas McDougall
380:. He was injured at the
1659:Son of the Morning Star
1466:Son Of The Morning Star
1427:Son Of The Morning Star
1177:Son of the Morning Star
926:Son Of The Morning Star
854:Son of the Morning Star
673:William Jones Nicholson
304:George Armstrong Custer
1625:Crazy Horse and Custer
1373:Who Was Who in America
746:Elizabeth Bacon Custer
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394:Battle of Williamsport
382:Battle of Kelly's Ford
362:Carlisle, Pennsylvania
1599:The Salt Lake Tribune
966:Eicher, John H., and
845:in the 1977 TV movie
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612:Later military career
577:Edward Settle Godfrey
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539:Nelson Appleton Miles
439:, later commanding a
326:Early life and career
208:Years of service
1497:Corpus Christi Times
734:cancer of the tongue
705:George K. McGunnegle
522:Little Bighorn River
506:Fort Abraham Lincoln
478:United States Senate
364:, on July 1, 1857.
347:West Point, New York
332:Carrollton, Illinois
271:American Indian Wars
156:Carrollton, Illinois
43:improve this article
1744:Union Army colonels
1693:Complete transcript
1666:Hutton, Paul Andrew
1621:Ambrose, Stephen E.
1325:Little Bighorn.info
1058:William O. Taylor,
841:. He was played by
638:Rutherford B. Hayes
584:Captain Thomas Weir
425:Smithfield Crossing
1479:In Custer's Shadow
1414:In Custer's Shadow
1401:In Custer's Shadow
1388:In Custer's Shadow
1359:In Custer's Shadow
1006:In Custer's Shadow
993:In Custer's Shadow
955:In Custer's Shadow
942:In Custer's Shadow
838:Custer of the West
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433:lieutenant colonel
378:Battle of Antietam
300:American Civil War
296:Marcus Albert Reno
275:American Civil War
198:United States Army
125:Marcus Albert Reno
1670:The Custer Reader
1292:Richard Hardoff,
1227:Richard Hardoff,
1162:John M. Carroll,
1017:Nelson A. Miles,
980:978-0-8047-3641-1
924:Evan S. Connell,
835:in the 1967 film
808:television series
763:Billings, Montana
738:Glenwood Cemetery
693:Cumberland County
658:Walter Mason Camp
650:George W. McCrary
526:Frederick Benteen
508:in October 1875.
486:Freedmen's Bureau
474:brigadier general
409:Trevilian Station
358:second lieutenant
351:1st U.S. Dragoons
316:Northern Cheyenne
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153:November 15, 1834
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32:This article
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597:Alfred Terry
593:
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568:Bloody Knife
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310:against the
295:
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267:Battles/wars
168:(1889-03-30)
105:
99:October 2010
96:
86:
79:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1714:1889 deaths
1709:1834 births
1468:, pp. 47-48
1331:October 27,
1253:Jay Smith,
601:John Gibbon
502:7th Cavalry
429:Cedar Creek
405:Cold Harbor
1703:Categories
1450:16 January
899:References
888:White Swan
773:Miscellany
697:Milk River
685:Harrisburg
534:pack train
449:guerrillas
445:John Mosby
401:Haw's Shop
282:Alma mater
202:Union Army
180:Allegiance
149:1834-11-15
69:newspapers
1477:Nichols,
1464:Connell,
1425:Connell,
1412:Nichols,
1399:Nichols,
1386:Nichols,
1357:Nichols,
1205:, p. 143.
1192:, p. 129.
1179:, p. 281.
1175:Connell,
1008:, p. 379.
1004:Nichols,
991:Nichols,
982:. p. 755.
953:Nichols,
940:Nichols,
833:Ty Hardin
669:Ft. Meade
494:Fort Hays
464:President
211:1857–1880
1429:, p. 47.
1283:, p. 556
1279:Graham,
1244:, p. 71.
1240:Hammer,
1218:, p. 81.
1214:Hammer,
1201:Hammer,
1188:Hammer,
1140:, p. 76.
1127:, p. 70.
1110:Graham,
861:See also
813:Cheyenne
443:against
427:and the
386:Virginia
257:Commands
192:Service/
1682:, 2010.
1673:, 1992.
1662:, 1984.
1628:, 1996.
1481:, p. 5.
1088:, p. 78
816:, with
805:western
645:Chicago
458:in the
456:colonel
441:brigade
374:captain
306:in the
225:Colonel
83:scholar
1644:
1020:empire
978:
679:Family
498:Kansas
471:brevet
453:brevet
355:brevet
234:Brevet
194:branch
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78:
71:
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56:
1446:. PBS
691:, in
390:major
353:as a
186:Union
90:JSTOR
76:books
1642:ISBN
1452:2017
1333:2019
1047:1876
976:ISBN
314:and
243:Unit
216:Rank
175:, US
163:Died
158:, US
143:Born
62:news
798:ABC
751:sic
447:'s
384:in
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