759:
887:
615:
898:
1008:
582:
1277:, the meaning of which is obscure. This term was used to refer to the Lakota by non-Lakota Sioux groups. Other derivations and spelling variations include: ti tanka, Tintonyanyan, Titon, Tintonha, Thintohas, Tinthenha, Tinton, Thuntotas, Tintones, Tintoner, Tintinhos, Ten-ton-ha, Thinthonha, Tinthonha, Tentouha, Tintonwans, Tindaw, Tinthow, Atintons, Anthontans, Atentons, Atintans, Atrutons, Titoba, Tetongues, Teton Sioux, Teeton, Ti toan, Teetwawn, Teetwans, Ti-t’-wawn, Ti-twans, Tit’wan, Tetans, Tieton, and Teetonwan.
1289:
1150:
779:
1077:"The Lakota Freedom Delegation" did not include any elected leaders from any of the tribes. Means had previously run for president of the Oglala Sioux tribe and twice been defeated. Several tribal governments – elected by tribal members – issued statements distancing themselves from the independence declaration. Some said that they were watching the independent movement closely. No elected tribal governments endorsed the declaration.
1323:
1105:, have alleged that Lakota grandmothers are illegally denied the right to foster their own grandchildren. They are working to redirect federal funding away from the state of South Dakota's D.S.S. to new tribal foster care programs. This would be a historic shift away from the state's traditional control over Lakota foster children.
1314:, rather than the English "Oglala Sioux Tribe" or OST. (The alternate English spelling of Ogallala is deprecated, even though it is closer to the correct pronunciation.) The Lakota have names for their own subdivisions. The Lakota also are the most western of the three Sioux groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota.
1089:'s "Lost Children, Shattered Families" investigative story aired regarding issues related to foster care for Native American children. It exposed what many critics consider to be the "kidnapping" of Lakota children from their homes by the state of South Dakota's Department of Social Services (D.S.S.). It was noted by
383:
559:
of 1772–1780 destroyed three-quarters of the members of these tribes. The Lakota crossed the river into the drier, short-grass prairies of the High Plains. These newcomers were the Saône, well-mounted and increasingly confident, who spread out quickly. In 1765, a Saône exploring and raiding party led
509:
The Lakota population was estimated at 8,500 in 1805; it grew steadily and reached 16,110 in 1881. They were one of the few Native
American tribes to increase in population in the 19th century, a time of widespread disease and warfare. By 2010 the number of Lakota had increased to more than 170,000,
645:
The U.S. government did not enforce the treaty restriction against unauthorized settlement, and Lakota and other bands attacked settlers and even emigrant trains as part of their resistance to this encroachment. Public pressure increased for the U.S. Army to punish them. On
September 3, 1855, 700
1073:
Means declared "The
Republic of Lakotah", defining it as a sovereign nation with property rights over thousands of square miles in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana. The group stated that they do not act for or represent the tribal governments "set up by the BIA or those
1015:
The Lakota are among tribal nations that have taken actions, participated in occupations, and proposed independence movements, particularly since the era of rising activism since the mid to late 20th century. They filed land claims against the federal government for what they defined as illegal
786:
In 1877, some of the Lakota bands signed a treaty that ceded the Black Hills to the United States; however, the nature of this treaty and its passage were controversial. The number of Lakota leaders who backed the treaty is highly disputed. Low-intensity conflicts continued in the Black Hills.
2427:
Matson, William and
Frethem, Mark (2006). Producers. "The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part One: Creation, Spirituality, and the Family Tree". The Crazy Horse family tells their oral history and with explanations of Lakota spirituality and culture on DVD. (Publisher is
749:
Thought the Lakota beat Custer's army, the Lakota and their allies did not get to enjoy their victory over the U.S. Army for long. The U.S. Congress authorized funds to expand the army by 2,500 men. The reinforced U.S. Army defeated the Lakota bands in a series of battles, finally ending the
919:
Legally and by treaty classified as a "domestic dependent nation" within the United States, the federally recognized Lakota tribes are represented locally by officials elected to councils for the several reservations and communities in the
Dakotas, Minnesota, and Nebraska. These tribes have
938:
Most Lakota tribal members are also citizens of the United States. They can vote in local, state/provincial and federal elections. They are represented at the state and national level by officials elected from the political districts of their respective states and
Congressional Districts.
754:
in 1877. The Lakota were eventually confined to reservations, prevented from hunting buffalo beyond those territories, and forced to accept government food distribution. They were largely distributed amongst North and South Dakota, as well as other places around the United States.
1284:
with an additional modifier, such as Sioux of the West, West
Schious, Sioux des prairies, Sioux occidentaux, Sioux of the Meadows, Nadooessis of the Plains, Prairie Indians, Sioux of the Plain, Maskoutens-Nadouessians, Mascouteins Nadouessi, and Sioux nomades.
795:
reservation on
December 15, 1890. The U.S. Army attacked Spotted Elk (aka Bigfoot)'s Minicoujou band of Lakota on December 29, 1890, at Pine Ridge, killing 153 Lakota (tribal estimates are higher), including numerous women and children, in the
1063:, under the name Lakota Freedom Delegation, traveled to Washington D.C. to announce a withdrawal of the Lakota Sioux from all treaties with the United States government. These activists had no standing under any elected tribal government.
1306:. In the 19th and 20th centuries, this was the name which the US government applied to all Dakota/Lakota people. However, some tribes have formally or informally adopted traditional names: the Rosebud Sioux Tribe is also known as the
942:
Tribal members living both on and off the individual reservations are eligible to vote in periodic elections for that tribe. Each tribe has its own requirements for citizenship, as well its own constitution, bylaws, and elections. or
634:. The Cheyenne and Lakota had previously attacked emigrant parties in a competition for resources, and also because some settlers had encroached on their lands. The Fort Laramie Treaty acknowledged Lakota sovereignty over the
992:
department. But because they are not recognized as treaty
Indians, they did not participate in the land settlement and natural resource revenues. The Dakota rejected a $ 60-million land-rights settlement in 2008.
2062:
2222:
578:. Ten years later, the Oglála and Brulé also crossed the Missouri. Under pressure from the Lakota, the Cheyenne moved west to the Powder River country. The Lakota made the Black Hills their home.
2924:
988:, with a total of 6,000 registered members. They are recognized as First Nations but are not considered "treaty Indians". As First Nations they receive rights and entitlements through the
758:
39:
1254:"feeling affection, friendly, united, allied". The early French historic documents did not distinguish a separate Teton division, instead grouping them with other "Sioux of the West,"
968:
The
Chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe at the Cheyenne River reservation, comprising the Mnikȟówožu, Itázipčho, Sihá Sápa, and Oóhenuŋpa bands of the Lakota, is Harold Frazier.
1070:
tribal chairman Rodney Bordeaux, "We do not support what Means and his group are doing and they don't have any support from any tribal government I know of. They don't speak for us."
421:. In this forest environment, they lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild rice. They also grew some corn, but their locale was near the limit of where corn could be grown."
886:
2512:
2280:
989:
593:
of 1804–1806 was marked by a standoff. Lakota bands refused to allow the explorers to continue upstream, and the expedition prepared for battle, which never came.
2302:
2059:
1033:. The Sioux have refused the money, because accepting the settlement would legally terminate their demands for return of the Black Hills. The money remains in a
920:
government-to-government relationships with the United States federal government, primarily through the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the Department of Interior.
607:
in Nebraska, killing many and burning half of the earth lodges. The next time the Lakota inflicted a blow so severe to the Pawnee would be in 1873, during the
2083:
2156:
2230:
2144:
Canada's UN ambassador, John McNee, said Canada had "significant concerns" over the declaration's wording on provisions addressing lands and resources
2505:
424:
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Dakota-Lakota speakers lived in the upper Mississippi Region in territory now organized as the states of
2899:
2894:
2847:
2914:
2909:
1711:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To 'The Great Sioux War Of 1876'"
1049:
467:), pictorial calendars painted on hides, or later recorded on paper. The 'Battiste Good winter count' records Lakota history to 900 CE when
738:(1868 boundaries). Custer attacked an encampment of several tribes, which was much larger than he realized. Their combined forces, led by Chief
1686:
965:
The Chairwoman of the Standing Rock reservation, which includes peoples from several Lakota subgroups including the Húŋkpapȟa, is Janet Alkire.
870:
596:
Some bands of Lakota became the first indigenous people to help the United States Army in an inter-tribal war west of the Missouri, during the
2184:
959:
The current President of the Oglala Sioux, the majority tribe of the Lakota located primarily on the Pine Ridge reservation, is Kevin Killer.
2047:
2498:
658:, killing about 100 men, women, and children. A series of short "wars" followed, and in 1862–1864, as Native American refugees from the "
2929:
2766:
1744:
2798:
2012:
1021:
2139:
1469:
2277:
2521:
2455:
2440:
2421:
1853:
696:
The Lakota attacks on settlers and miners were met by military force conducted by such army commanders as Lieutenant Colonel
250:
1214:
2319:
2405:
1186:
2714:
2032:
927:
political entities, tribal governments have certain rights to independent of state laws. For instance, they may operate
1572:
1509:
681:
over U.S. forts built to protect miners traveling along the trail. Oglala Chief Red Cloud led his people to victory in
614:
2114:
1594:
2919:
2399:
2384:
2369:
1986:
1845:
1475:
1233:
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1113:
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1616:
1528:
1451:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
847:
831:
2490:
2091:
521:
After 1720, the Lakota branch of the Seven Council Fires split into two major sects, the Saône, who moved to the
371:
1550:
1093:
that over half of the children in foster care in South Dakota were of Native descent. Lakota activists such as
858:. During the Minnesota and Black Hills wars, their ancestors fled for refuge to "Grandmother's Land" (Canada).
828:, home of several other of the seven Lakota bands, including the Mnikȟówožu, Itázipčho, Sihásapa, and Oóhenumpa.
2792:
2160:
1463:
1457:
1366:
1200:
1171:
1167:
819:
763:
2855:
2740:
2735:
2394:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 794–820). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
2379:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 718–760). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
2364:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 821–839). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
1433:
1352:
807:
51:
2435:(Vol. 13, Part 1, pp. 94–114). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
585:
Native peace commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Fort Laramie, Wyoming
2809:
1946:
1445:
1002:
932:
839:
743:
1182:
971:
The Chairman of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe (also known as the Lower Sicangu Lakota), is Boyd I. Gourneau.
715:
were involved in much of the warfare after 1860. They fought a successful delaying action against General
1487:
212:
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1439:
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encouraged his troops to hunt and kill the buffalo as a means of "destroying the Indians' commissary."
686:
627:
590:
413:
during the 9th–12th centuries CE. Lakota legend and other sources state they originally lived near the
1427:
1327:
944:
727:
2688:
2431:
Parks, Douglas R.; & Rankin, Robert L. (2001). "The Siouan Languages". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
2181:
1683:
1423:
Some Lakota also live on other Sioux reservations in eastern South Dakota, Minnesota, and Nebraska:
935:
of 1988. They operate with the federal government. These relationship are negotiated and contested.
269:
people, with the Eastern Dakota (Santee) and Western Dakota (Wičhíyena). Their current lands are in
2481:
1865:
1112:, was produced by Square. The film features Genevieve Iron Lightning, a young Lakota dancer on the
1056:
1034:
862:
767:
678:
468:
525:
area on the South Dakota–North Dakota–Minnesota border, and the Oglála-Sičháŋǧu, who occupied the
155:
2904:
2761:
2745:
2541:
2198:
1255:
1160:
891:
735:
697:
494:
hunt on horseback. In 1660 French explorers estimated the total population of the Sioux (Lakota,
159:
20:
2889:
2607:
1030:
928:
410:
1761:
2413:
1504:
797:
771:
720:
670:
increasing illegal settlement by whites on the Plains resulted in war again with the Lakota.
526:
417:: "The tribes of the Dakota before European contact in the 1600s lived in the region around
1742:
1731:
2835:
2787:
2226:
1207:
1094:
1066:
Official Lakota tribal leaders issued public responses to the effect that, in the words of
1710:
8:
2825:
2693:
1067:
581:
2016:
2851:
2698:
2597:
2289:
1334:
682:
667:
659:
962:
The President of the Sičháŋǧu Lakota at the Rosebud reservation is Rodney M. Bordeaux.
2451:
2436:
2417:
2395:
2380:
2365:
2258:
1849:
1841:
1038:
803:
Today, the Lakota are found mostly in the five reservations of western South Dakota:
712:
647:
603:
In 1843, the southern Lakota attacked the village of Pawnee Chief Blue Coat near the
402:
689:, exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. But four years later
2602:
2520:
1499:
913:
866:
677:. Between 1866 and 1868 the U.S. Army fought the Lakota and their allies along the
651:
398:
343:
285:
118:
1921:
1659:
2879:
2730:
2617:
2485:
2284:
2202:
2188:
2066:
2036:
1895:
1748:
1690:
751:
701:
608:
511:
475:
460:
278:
242:
237:
208:
138:
122:
2884:
2683:
2468:
2360:
Christafferson, Dennis M. (2001). "Sioux, 1930–2000". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
2355:
Columns of Vengeance: Soldiers, Sioux, and the Punitive Expeditions, 1863–1864.
1799:
The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras.
1288:
1098:
1045:
948:
549:
530:
499:
491:
366:) from the Brulé. Activists from the late twentieth century to present include
163:
2029:
1990:
873:(UNPO) to seek protection and recognition for their cultural and land rights.
2873:
2264:
1964:
1348:
1259:
1117:
1060:
792:
561:
522:
495:
487:
456:
418:
367:
301:
82:
890:
Lakota beaded storage bag, late 19th century, 15 in (38 cm) wide,
2658:
2653:
2529:
2375:
DeMallie, Raymond J. (2001a). "Sioux until 1850". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
1121:
985:
851:
788:
716:
673:
The Black Hills were considered sacred by the Lakota, and they objected to
639:
635:
631:
623:
529:
valley. However, by about 1750 the Saône had moved to the east bank of the
449:
363:
339:
274:
270:
105:
91:
87:
43:
2638:
2569:
2525:
1412:
1052:. Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand refused to sign.
739:
597:
565:
445:
437:
414:
406:
359:
355:
331:
262:
382:
284:, the westernmost of three closely related languages that belong to the
38:
2830:
2678:
2223:"Withdrawal from US treaties enjoys little support from tribal leaders"
1382:
1174: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1129:
604:
441:
319:
1950:
1029:
122 million to eight bands of Sioux Indians as compensation for their
2648:
2643:
2633:
1125:
1090:
902:
742:, killed 258 soldiers, wiping out the entire Custer battalion in the
570:
503:
429:
425:
351:
347:
167:
1987:"> News > Oglala Sioux Tribe inaugurates Cecilia Fire Thunder"
1149:
1011:
Mildred "Midge" Wagner, a Lakota woman, singing at a pow wow in 2015
2549:
1402:
1392:
1372:
1322:
981:
952:
924:
855:
655:
618:
Lakota 1851 treaty territory (Area 408, 516, 584, 597, 598 and 632)
575:
556:
553:
325:
313:
307:
134:
101:
47:
778:
295:
2564:
2559:
2533:
1358:
1133:
843:
708:
663:
545:
537:
2390:
DeMallie, Raymond J. (2001b). "Teton". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
1302:
Today many of the tribes continue to officially call themselves
1019:
In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled in their favor and decided in
674:
622:
Nearly half a century later, after the United States had built
541:
387:
96:
2448:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
533:, followed 10 years later by the Oglála and Brulé (Sičháŋǧu).
316:(Hunkpapa, "End Village", Camps at the End of the Camp Circle)
2925:
Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
2574:
2182:"Descendants of Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse break away from US"
693:
was discovered there, and prospectors descended on the area.
479:
266:
223:
151:
850:
of northwestern North Dakota, and several small reserves in
834:, home of the Húŋkpapȟa and to people from many other bands.
810:, home of the Oglála, the most numerous of the Lakota bands.
723:, preventing Crook from locating and attacking their camp.
2060:
Dakota Nations reject $ 60.3 M settlement offer from Ottawa
1026:
746:, and inflicting more than 50% casualties on the regiment.
690:
638:
in exchange for free passage for European Americans on the
433:
409:. They were agriculturalists and may have been part of the
391:
2140:"Canada votes 'no' as UN native rights declaration passes"
1454:
in Northeastern South Dakota and Southeastern North Dakota
2473:
2346:
Andersson, Rani-Henrik & David C. Posthumus (2022). L
1814:, Vol. 75, No. 4 (1994), pp. 301–310, p. 307, column III.
1086:
1041:. As of 2011, the account has grown to over $ 1 billion.
589:
Initial United States contact with the Lakota during the
548:
villages had long prevented the Lakota from crossing the
2478:
2320:"Native Foster Care: Lost Children, Shattered Families"
322:(Miniconjou, "Plant Near Water", Planters by the Water)
990:
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
642:
for "as long as the river flows and the eagle flies".
2048:
Ottawa rejects claims by Dakota, Lakota First Nations
1892:
All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life
1810:
Jensen, Richard E.: "The Pawnee Mission, 1834–1846",
1055:
On December 20, 2007, a small group of people led by
1016:
taking of the Black Hills in the nineteenth century.
626:
without permission on Lakota land, it negotiated the
2220:
1823:
Riley, Paul D.: "The Battle of Massacre Canyon", in
471:
gave the Lakota people the White Buffalo Calf Pipe.
362:) from the Oglála and Miniconjou, and Siŋté Glešká (
291:The seven bands or "sub-tribes" of the Lakota are:
1310:(Brulé Nation), and the Oglala often use the name
1136:are all challenges for Lakota on the reservation.
1074:Lakota who support the BIA system of government".
486:("dog power/mystery/wonder"). After they adopted
338:Notable Lakota persons include Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (
2410:Lakota America: A New History of Indigenous Power
2192:
865:and other towns in the Black Hills, and in metro
774:, when 153 Lakota Sioux and 25 U.S. soldiers died
405:region and then migrated to or originated in the
2871:
2848:History of Native Americans in the United States
1989:. Indianz.Com. December 13, 2004. Archived from
1619:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1597:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1575:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1553:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1531:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1694:Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
1333:Today, one half of all enrolled Sioux live off
1050:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1939:
1786:The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
871:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
630:to protect European-American travelers on the
386:Scenes of battle and horse raiding decorate a
2506:
2267:; December 23, 2007; accessed March 28, 2016
951:model, with a chairman or president elected
662:" in Minnesota fled west to their allies in
2479:Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Official Website
2260:Lakota Sioux Have NOT Withdrawn From the US
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
1704:
1702:
2767:Sitting Bull Crystal Cavern Dance Pavilion
2513:
2499:
2433:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2392:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2377:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2362:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2013:"Official Site of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe"
1085:The Lakota People made national news when
980:Nine bands of Dakota and Lakota reside in
455:Early Lakota history is recorded in their
401:speakers may have originated in the lower
374:(Hunkpapa, Oglala, Cheyenne, and Arapaho)
37:
2746:Black Hills War (Great Sioux War of 1876)
2357:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
1911:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, pp. 998–1004.
1234:Learn how and when to remove this message
646:soldiers under U.S. Brevet Major General
342:) from the Húnkpapȟa, Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagya (
2799:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
2221:Gale Courey Toensing (January 4, 2008).
2207:
1751:. Lakhota.org. Retrieved on May 4, 2016.
1699:
1482:In addition, several Lakota live on the
1321:
1287:
1116:, one of the poorest communities in the
1022:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
1006:
996:
896:
885:
777:
757:
685:. In 1868, the United States signed the
613:
580:
394:from the late 19th or early 20th century
381:
2900:Native American history of South Dakota
2895:Native American history of North Dakota
2450:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
2112:
1733:. Census.gov. Retrieved on May 4, 2016.
1470:Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation
261:), they are one of the three prominent
72:115,000+ enrolled members (2015 census)
2915:Native American tribes in South Dakota
2910:Native American tribes in North Dakota
2872:
2309:, Washington Bureau, December 20, 2007
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
1645:
1643:
816:, home of the Upper Sičhánǧu or Brulé.
236:
2494:
2350:Norman: University of Oklahoma press.
1827:, Vol. 54, No. 2 (1973), pp. 221–249.
1280:Early French sources call the Lakota
16:Indigenous people of the Great Plains
2303:"Lakota group pushes for new nation"
1172:adding citations to reliable sources
1143:
766:at camp of Oglala band of Lakota at
510:of whom about 2,000 still spoke the
346:) from the Miniconjou; Heȟáka Sápa (
77:Regions with significant populations
2245:
1708:
1640:
1080:
184:
61: – December 15, 1890
13:
2469:The Official Lakota Language Forum
1965:"Indian Country Diaries . History"
1510:Native American tribes in Nebraska
931:on their reservation based on the
452:in the mid- to late-17th century.
14:
2941:
2930:Native American tribes in Montana
2462:
1909:Indian Affairs. Laws and treaties
1476:Prairie Island Indian Reservation
1342:recognized by the U.S. government
826:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
654:by attacking a Lakota village in
490:, Lakota society centered on the
2278:"Lakota group secedes from U.S."
1801:Lincoln and London, 1977, p. 54.
1766:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
1452:Lake Traverse Indian Reservation
1417:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1407:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1397:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1387:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1379:, North Dakota and South Dakota)
1292:Lakota beaded saddle belt, made
1148:
881:
861:Large numbers of Lakota live in
848:Fort Berthold Indian Reservation
832:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
666:and Dakota Territory. After the
448:pushed the Lakota west onto the
358:) - all Oglála; Tȟašúŋke Witkó (
2312:
2296:
2270:
2175:
2149:
2142:. CBCNews. September 13, 2007.
2132:
2106:
2076:
2053:
2041:
2023:
2005:
1979:
1957:
1947:"The Indian Reorganization Act"
1914:
1901:
1884:
1866:"Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)"
1858:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1779:
1754:
1736:
1725:
1713:. Friends of the Little Bighorn
1317:
1250:comes from the Lakota autonym,
1159:needs additional citations for
726:A week later they defeated the
2793:The Journey Museum and Gardens
2348:akĥóta: An Indigenous History,
2030:Our Constitution & By-Laws
1922:"History of the Dakota Tribes"
1677:
1660:"History of the Dakota Tribes"
1652:
1631:
1609:
1587:
1565:
1543:
1521:
1464:Upper Sioux Indian Reservation
1458:Lower Sioux Indian Reservation
1367:Lower Brule Indian Reservation
947:. Most follow a multi-member
820:Lower Brule Indian Reservation
764:Young Man Afraid of His Horses
611:battle near Republican River.
1:
2741:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
2736:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
2340:
2090:. May 8, 1989. Archived from
1838:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1434:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
1353:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
1293:
906:
876:
822:, home of the Lower Sičhaŋǧu.
808:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
574:), then the territory of the
55:
2810:Republic of Lakotah proposal
2084:"Race: The Price of Penance"
1446:Flandreau Indian Reservation
1355:, South Dakota and Nebraska)
1139:
1003:Republic of Lakotah proposal
933:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
840:Fort Peck Indian Reservation
744:Battle of the Little Bighorn
328:("Blackfeet” or “Blackfoot")
7:
2542:Historic and present tribes
1493:
1488:Wood Mountain Regional Park
1103:Lakota People’s Law Project
869:. Lakota elders joined the
687:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
628:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
354:), and Tamakhóčhe Theȟíla (
10:
2946:
2846:For more information, see
2805:Lakota Nation Invitational
2783:Seizure of the Black Hills
2731:History of the Black Hills
2474:Lakota Language Consortium
2157:"UBB Message – ReaderRant"
2115:"Saying No to $ 1 Billion"
2065:September 4, 2015, at the
2050:, CBC News, August 1, 2007
1484:Wood Mountain First Nation
1440:Yankton Indian Reservation
1363:Rosebud Indian Reservation
1273:come from the Lakota name
1114:Cheyenne River Reservation
1000:
955:, directly by the voters.
814:Rosebud Indian Reservation
732:Battle of the Greasy Grass
591:Lewis and Clark Expedition
411:Mound Builder civilization
377:
304:("They Scatter Their Own")
253:people. Also known as the
18:
2844:
2818:
2775:
2754:
2723:
2707:
2671:
2626:
2590:
2583:
2540:
1788:, University of Nebraska.
1490:in Saskatchewan, Canada.
1428:Santee Indian Reservation
1377:Standing Rock Reservation
1328:Chamberlain, South Dakota
975:
945:articles of incorporation
478:introduced the Lakota to
218:
204:
194:
188: "ally" or "friend"
178:
149:
144:
133:
128:
117:
112:
81:
76:
71:
66:
36:
2920:People from South Dakota
2776:Modern events and places
2283:August 23, 2009, at the
2201:August 21, 2008, at the
1515:
1057:American Indian Movement
1035:Bureau of Indian Affairs
838:Lakota also live on the
782:Oglala Sioux tribal flag
768:Pine Ridge, South Dakota
469:White Buffalo Calf Woman
310:(Sans Arc, Without Bows)
2762:Great Sioux Reservation
2484:August 2, 2011, at the
1696:Retrieved May 28, 2012.
1684:"Lakota Winter Counts."
1573:"Cheyenne River Agency"
1448:in Eastern South Dakota
1442:in Central South Dakota
1436:in Central South Dakota
1365:, South Dakota) & (
1044:In September 2007, the
1031:Black Hills land claims
892:Cleveland Museum of Art
736:Crow Indian Reservation
698:George Armstrong Custer
536:The large and powerful
246:
160:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
2708:Traditional narratives
2353:Beck, Paul N. (2013).
1953:on September 23, 2006.
1689:March 2, 2012, at the
1595:"Standing Rock Agency"
1330:
1326:Akta Lakota Museum in
1299:
1012:
916:
894:
787:Fourteen years later,
783:
775:
711:bands and the unified
707:The allied Lakota and
619:
586:
395:
372:William Hawk Birdshead
298:(Brulé, Burned Thighs)
2414:Yale University Press
2187:June 9, 2007, at the
2035:July 4, 2008, at the
1907:Kappler, Charles J.:
1709:Liberty, Dr. Margot.
1505:List of Lakota people
1325:
1291:
1048:passed a non-binding
1010:
997:Independence movement
900:
889:
798:Wounded Knee Massacre
781:
772:Wounded Knee Massacre
761:
721:Battle of the Rosebud
617:
584:
552:. However, the great
385:
145:Related ethnic groups
2836:Charmaine White Face
2788:Crazy Horse Memorial
2293:, December 20, 2007.
2227:Indian Country Today
2194:Agence France-Presse
2113:Streshinsky, Maria.
2019:on November 6, 2008.
1747:May 2, 2016, at the
1617:"Lower Brule Agency"
1340:Lakota reservations
1312:Oglála Lakȟóta Oyáte
1168:improve this article
1095:Madonna Thunder Hawk
770:, 3 weeks after the
482:, which they called
282:—the Lakota language
19:For other uses, see
2826:Charlotte Black Elk
2694:Inyan Kara Mountain
2446:Pritzker, Barry M.
2094:on December 4, 2008
1872:. September 7, 2021
1529:"Pine Ridge Agency"
33:
2406:Hämäläinen, Pekka.
2290:Rapid City Journal
1894:, (Cambridge, MA:
1836:Brown, Dee (1950)
1331:
1300:
1037:account, accruing
1013:
917:
895:
784:
776:
762:January 17, 1891:
668:American Civil War
660:Dakota War of 1862
620:
587:
396:
350:), Maȟpíya Lúta (
238:[laˈkˣota]
31:
2867:
2866:
2667:
2666:
2456:978-0-19-513877-1
2441:978-0-16-050400-6
2422:978-0-300-21595-3
2412:, New Haven, CT:
1993:on March 21, 2013
1870:National Archives
1854:978-0-8050-6669-2
1244:
1243:
1236:
1218:
1110:Lakota in America
1101:, along with the
1039:compound interest
914:Speed Art Museum
713:Northern Cheyenne
648:William S. Harney
512:Lakota language (
440:. Conflicts with
403:Mississippi River
229:
228:
174:
173:
50:Lakota chief and
2937:
2850:. Nearby modern
2699:Six Grandfathers
2672:Spiritual places
2603:Sherman Coolidge
2588:
2587:
2584:Historic figures
2522:Native Americans
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2428:Reelcontact.com)
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2294:
2274:
2268:
2256:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2229:. Archived from
2218:
2205:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2163:on March 3, 2021
2159:. Archived from
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2080:
2074:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2015:. Archived from
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1949:. Archived from
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1834:
1828:
1825:Nebraska History
1821:
1815:
1812:Nebraska History
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1758:
1752:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1706:
1697:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1551:"Rosebud Agency"
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1500:Lakota mythology
1298:
1295:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1176:
1152:
1144:
1081:Current activism
911:
908:
842:in northeastern
728:U.S. 7th Cavalry
652:Grattan massacre
506:) at 28,000.
344:Touch the Clouds
240:
222:Lakȟóta Makóce,
190:
189:
186:
176:
175:
67:Total population
60:
57:
41:
34:
30:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2840:
2814:
2771:
2755:Historic places
2750:
2724:Historic events
2719:
2703:
2663:
2622:
2618:Margaret Poisal
2579:
2536:
2519:
2486:Wayback Machine
2465:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2285:Wayback Machine
2275:
2271:
2257:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2219:
2208:
2203:Wayback Machine
2189:Wayback Machine
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2073:, June 26, 2008
2071:The Brandon Sun
2067:Wayback Machine
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2037:Wayback Machine
2028:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1896:South End Press
1890:Winona LaDuke,
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1797:Meyer, Roy W.:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1749:Wayback Machine
1741:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:Wayback Machine
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1496:
1419:, South Dakota)
1409:, South Dakota)
1399:, South Dakota)
1389:, South Dakota)
1369:, South Dakota)
1320:
1296:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1183:"Lakota people"
1177:
1175:
1165:
1153:
1142:
1099:Chase Iron Eyes
1083:
1005:
999:
978:
925:semi-autonomous
909:
884:
879:
752:Great Sioux War
730:in 1876 at the
719:'s army at the
702:Philip Sheridan
683:Red Cloud's War
609:Massacre Canyon
564:discovered the
476:Cheyenne people
465:waníyetu wówapi
399:Siouan language
380:
286:Siouan language
251:Native American
247:Lakȟóta/Lakhóta
224:Očhéthi Šakówiŋ
211:
187:
183:
182:
139:Lakota religion
99:
95:
85:
62:
58:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:Siouan peoples
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2865:
2864:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2684:Black Elk Peak
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2463:External links
2461:
2460:
2459:
2444:
2429:
2425:
2403:
2388:
2373:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2311:
2295:
2269:
2244:
2233:on May 4, 2016
2206:
2174:
2148:
2131:
2105:
2075:
2052:
2040:
2022:
2004:
1978:
1956:
1938:
1913:
1900:
1883:
1857:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1778:
1753:
1735:
1724:
1698:
1676:
1651:
1639:
1630:
1608:
1586:
1564:
1542:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1486:reserve, near
1480:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1356:
1319:
1316:
1308:Sičháŋǧu Oyáte
1242:
1241:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1108:A short film,
1082:
1079:
1068:Rosebud Lakota
1046:United Nations
998:
995:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
949:tribal council
883:
880:
878:
875:
836:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
791:was killed at
550:Missouri River
531:Missouri River
379:
376:
370:(Oglála), and
336:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
227:
226:
220:
216:
215:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
172:
171:
147:
146:
142:
141:
131:
130:
126:
125:
115:
114:
110:
109:
79:
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
42:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2942:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Plains tribes
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:Modern people
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:0-16-050400-7
2397:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:0-16-050400-7
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2370:0-16-050400-7
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2276:Bill Harlan,
2273:
2266:
2265:The Daily Kos
2262:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1966:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1898:, 1999), 141.
1897:
1893:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:0-8050-6669-1
1843:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1637:Pritzker, 328
1634:
1618:
1612:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1568:
1552:
1546:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:, in Nebraska
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1238:
1235:
1227:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185: –
1184:
1180:
1179:Find sources:
1173:
1169:
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2689:Devils Tower
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2654:Sitting Bull
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2530:South Dakota
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2327:. Retrieved
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1478:in Minnesota
1472:in Minnesota
1466:in Minnesota
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1166:Please help
1161:verification
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474:Around 1730
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106:Saskatchewan
92:South Dakota
88:North Dakota
44:Sitting Bull
28:Ethnic group
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2639:Crazy Horse
2526:Black Hills
1997:January 26,
1971:January 26,
1876:February 2,
1717:January 13,
1297: 1850
910: 1890
740:Crazy Horse
598:Arikara War
566:Black Hills
527:James River
514:Lakȟótiyapi
438:the Dakotas
415:Great Lakes
407:Ohio Valley
360:Crazy Horse
356:Billy Mills
280:Lakȟótiyapi
263:subcultures
255:Teton Sioux
209:Lakȟótiyapi
59: 1831
2874:Categories
2856:Pine Ridge
2831:JoAnn Tall
2715:Great Race
2679:Bear Butte
2613:Little Owl
2598:Black Bear
2341:References
2167:January 1,
1840:Macmillan
1383:Miniconjou
1275:thítȟuŋwaŋ
1265:The names
1194:newspapers
1130:alcoholism
1001:See also:
877:Government
863:Rapid City
700:. General
484:šuŋkawakaŋ
442:Anishnaabe
320:Mnikȟówožu
259:Thítȟuŋwaŋ
2649:Red Cloud
2644:Lone Horn
2634:Black Elk
2237:March 28,
1931:April 30,
1403:Siha Sapa
1344:include:
1246:The name
1140:Ethnonyms
1126:addiction
1059:activist
1025:to award
903:parfleche
600:in 1823.
571:Paha Sapa
560:by Chief
504:Yanktonai
430:Wisconsin
426:Minnesota
352:Red Cloud
348:Black Elk
332:Oóhenuŋpa
314:Húŋkpapȟa
308:Itázipčho
213:Wíyutȟapi
168:Yanktonai
154:peoples (
113:Languages
2550:Cheyenne
2482:Archived
2408:(2019).
2281:Archived
2199:Archived
2185:Archived
2063:Archived
2033:Archived
1771:June 23,
1762:"Kiowas"
1745:Archived
1687:Archived
1623:April 7,
1601:April 7,
1579:April 7,
1557:April 7,
1535:April 7,
1494:See also
1413:Ooinunpa
1393:Itazipco
1373:Hunkpapa
1224:May 2020
982:Manitoba
953:at-large
856:Manitoba
656:Nebraska
576:Cheyenne
557:epidemic
554:smallpox
326:Sihásapa
296:Sičháŋǧu
288:family.
249:) are a
205:Language
135:Wocekiye
129:Religion
102:Manitoba
52:holy man
48:Hunkpapa
2860:Rosebud
2591:Arapaho
2565:Arikara
2560:Arapaho
2534:Wyoming
2524:in the
2324:NPR.org
1359:Sicangu
1271:Tetuwan
1262:bands.
1260:Yankton
1208:scholar
1134:suicide
901:Lakota
844:Montana
734:at the
709:Arapaho
664:Montana
546:Hidatsa
538:Arikara
500:Yankton
492:buffalo
390:Lakota
378:History
265:of the
219:Country
185:transl.
164:Yankton
119:English
2880:Lakota
2627:Lakota
2608:Friday
2555:Lakota
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2398:
2383:
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2098:May 7,
1852:
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1349:Oglala
1256:Santee
1252:Lakota
1248:Lakota
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1189:
1181:
1132:, and
976:Canada
867:Denver
846:, the
675:mining
544:, and
542:Mandan
502:, and
496:Santee
480:horses
461:Lakota
436:, and
388:muslin
302:Oglála
257:(from
243:Lakota
233:Lakota
195:People
180:Lakota
156:Santee
150:Other
123:Lakota
97:Canada
32:Lakota
21:Lakota
2885:Sioux
2575:Kiowa
2263:; in
1967:. PBS
1516:Notes
1304:Sioux
1282:Sioux
1267:Teton
1215:JSTOR
1201:books
568:(the
271:North
267:Sioux
152:Sioux
2858:and
2854:are
2570:Crow
2532:and
2452:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2381:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2331:2020
2239:2016
2196:news
2169:2008
2126:2017
2100:2010
2088:Time
1999:2012
1973:2012
1933:2024
1878:2024
1850:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1773:2013
1719:2008
1671:2020
1625:2019
1603:2019
1581:2019
1559:2019
1537:2019
1269:and
1258:and
1187:news
1097:and
1027:US$
854:and
691:gold
605:Loup
444:and
434:Iowa
392:tipi
273:and
231:The
104:and
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2528:of
1170:by
1091:NPR
1087:NPR
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