386:, stretching from 20 miles in width to about 70 miles in length. The Upper Sioux had territory that contained some of their old villages and was more familiar in term of hunting and fishing. The Lower Agency location required the displacement of many Sioux from their traditional woodland areas and did not satisfy them. At the last minute, the government attached a "traders-paper" rider, which allocated $ 400,000 of the annuities to traders who had claims against the Indians and biracial Indians who would not otherwise share in the benefits, but suffered discrimination in much European-American society.
25:
632:
131:
143:
94:
397:(whose boundaries had never been approved by the US Congress). The influx of white settlers, the desire for more land by the federal government, along with its failure to pay the total of the promised annuities, the pressure to conform to Christianized ways, loss of hunting and fishing land, and the overall discontent of the Dakota bands would be the catalysts leading to the plains
500:
Sisseton-Wahpeton bands did not participate in the killing of settler families that defined the early conflicts. A majority of the 4,000 members of the two northern tribes opposed the fighting. A large number of
Sisseton and Wahpeton had adopted both subsistence farming and Christianity, and had both
551:
history. Efforts were undertaken to revoke the treaties, abolish the reservation, and expel remaining Dakota people from
Minnesota entirely. Bounties of $ 25 were put on any Dakota found within the boundaries, with the exception of 208 families of Mdewakanton, who were considered "friendly". Soon
622:
community college now serves about 250 students, of whom more than 80% are Dakota. Initiated as a technical and vocational institution, the college now also offers associate degrees in academic studies. Through arrangements with four-year colleges, students can transfer to complete bachelor's
340:
602:
Since the 1970s, many tribes have educated their children on their reservations, but this school serves continuing needs among students for boarding placement. Renamed the Circle of
Nations Wahpeton School, it is funded by the
598:
In 1993, nearly two decades since tribes had been taking back control of their children's education, this school was chartered under the
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, whose Lake Traverse Reservation extends into North Dakota.
307:
The current enrollment of the tribe is approximately 12,000 members spread among seven districts located across the reservation. There were 9,894 living on the reservation circa 2004. The tribe's districts are:
536:. Small-scale skirmishes continued in the following weeks. Historians estimate total casualties at 800 to more than 1,000 civilians and military, but the exact numbers have never been determined.
539:
In the wake of the war, the Dakota were severely punished: a US military court convicted 303 men of war crimes and sentenced them to death. Of the 303, the Army hanged 38 men the day after
371:
north to the Canada–US border. Some bands, such as the
Sisseton and Wahpeton, were hesitant to give up so much, yet reluctantly did so; the federal government had shown during the 1832
295:. For a brief period in 1994, they identified as the Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Nation. During their 2002 tribal general elections, they approved a measure changing the name to
262:
967:
571:
1824–1892, chief scout for
General Sibley, as head chief of the Sisseton-Wahpeton bands. In 1867 he was appointed Chief for life by members of the Sissetowan band.
478:
reportedly stole eggs from a settler, leading to a confrontation in which five white men were killed. Soon violent conflicts erupted elsewhere around the region.
378:
Included in the treaty stipulations was a monetary amount of $ 1,665,000 in cash and annuities, with reservations to be established at the Upper Agency near
288:. It gained self-government again as the federally recognized Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe. The authority was based in the Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867.
607:(BIE), after receiving tribally controlled grant status under Public Law 100-97 (Indian Education Act of 1988). It serves students in grades 4-8.
962:
524:. Large-scale combat ended on September 26, 1862 when six companies of Minnesota militia and an artillery unit attacked Dakota positions at the
447:
refused to distribute supplies without having received payment from the Sioux. At a summit to resolve the matter, Dakota leaders asked trader
265:. From 1884 until the 1913, the tribal government was based upon the concept of the Soldier's Lodge. Due to external pressures from federal
849:
431:. On August 4, 1862 the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands were able to obtain food and supplies from the Indian agency, but on August 17 the
467:
273:, as well as internal turmoil, in 1913 the tribe created an advisory committee. It served as the basis of government until 1946.
877:
762:
68:
46:
39:
957:
256:
564:
101:
284:. By 1946 the tribe had reorganized, establishing the current system of bylaws and elected tribal government at
360:
348:
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and was the last government-established boarding school to open, as well as one of the last to operate.
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687:
604:
228:
615:
281:
240:
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709:
592:
383:
379:
33:
482:
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degrees. The college established Dakota
Studies in 1992 and a Dakota language program in 2005.
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580:
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His statement outraged the Dakota people. The day before, August 16, annuity monies arrived at
186:
50:
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was a nephew of Red Iron, chief of the
Sisseton and Wahpeton, and the last chief of the bands.
703:
675:
557:
533:
659:
517:
8:
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525:
455:
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government, and the (Dakota) Sioux of the
Minnesota Territory. The territorial governor,
501:
moral objections and strong reasons of self-interest for keeping peace with the whites.
363:, Luke Lea, instigated the treaty to gain concessions of the rich agricultural lands in
544:
486:
420:
410:
277:
665:
681:
568:
509:
356:
161:
696:, tribal archivist, Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives
881:
693:
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on the 17th, but by then it was too late. Historians note actions by four Dakota
424:
419:
bands came to a climax with open combat against settlers in what would be called
394:
390:
220:
165:
874:
712:(1936–2007), Sisseton Dakota singer and actor from the Lake Traverse Reservation
766:
669:
639:
635:
611:
428:
372:
285:
727:
The source of the Dakota language names and orthography is the article titled
276:
In 1934 the federal government urged the tribe to adopt the provisions of the
951:
729:
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548:
521:
471:
448:
416:
352:
236:
207:
203:
199:
136:
699:
662:, first Indigenous Dean of a Canadian law school, author, and law professor
529:
459:
375:
a willingness to fight when the Indian parties were hesitant to negotiate.
367:
for
European-American settlers. The Sioux ceded large tracts of land, from
270:
266:
244:
178:
148:
811:
653:
647:
553:
512:
for six weeks and disrupted supply lines and shipping from the north and
432:
398:
261:
The Lake Traverse Reservation and its boundaries were established by the
93:
497:, where the European-Americans incurred high losses but won a victory.
928:
619:
567:, which then supervised the Indian agents and reservations, appointed
908:
The Odyssey of Chief Standing Buffalo and the Northern Sisseton Sioux
540:
440:
436:
364:
299:, the latter word in the Dakota language meaning "people or nation".
182:
16:
Native American tribal organization in South Dakota and North Dakota
291:
From 1946 to 2002, the federally recognized tribe was known as the
100:
2006–2007 Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate Vietnam Veterans princess at the
451:
to back their cause. His answer to them was reportedly insulting.
339:
942:
532:, where 269 POWs were released to the troops there led by Col.
513:
393:
to sign two more treaties, ceding the reservation north of the
104:
227:), formerly Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Dakota Nation, is a
368:
922:
749:
579:
In 1904 the federal government authorized an inter-tribal
556:
broke out to the south and west, ending finally with the
923:
Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation
217:
Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation
552:
after, additional conflicts in what were known as the
789:"The Dakota Conflict (Sioux Uprsing) Trials of 1862"
334:
763:"SISSETON-WAHPETON SIOUX TRIBE community profile"
528:. Three days later, Dakota forces surrendered at
231:comprising two bands and two subdivisions of the
968:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
949:
626:
939:, South Dakota Department of Tribal Relations
706:, specializing in racial politics in science.
474:, as the beginning of the conflict. A young
250:
875:American Indian Higher Education Consortium
690:(1944–2014), Episcopalian bishop and lawyer
439:bands were denied. The US Indian Agent and
302:
850:"Circle of Nations Wahpeton Indian School"
481:Initially the Dakota had victories at the
896:
312:Agency Village, or A-te-ya-pi-o-ti-tan-ni
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
905:
817:
630:
618:, on its Lake Traverse Reservation. The
415:In August 1862 the unrest among eastern
338:
32:This article includes a list of general
910:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Coyote Books.
842:
963:Native American tribes in South Dakota
950:
755:
901:. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Pub Co.
899:North Dakota Indians: An Introduction
560:in 1890 and the defeat of the Sioux.
404:
382:and another at the Lower Agency near
591:. Opened in 1908, it was run by the
123:Regions with significant populations
18:
587:, to be located off-reservation in
547:, in the largest mass execution in
401:, which spanned the next 30 years.
13:
890:
786:
458:for distribution and were sent to
318:Buffalo Lake, or Can-o-wa-na-sa-pi
92:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
979:
943:Sisseton Wahpeton Tourism Website
916:
516:, as well as couriers heading to
493:, as well as minor losses at the
343:Chief Mazasa (Red Iron), c. 1860.
327:Long Hollow, or Ka-ksi-za-han-ska
315:Lake Traverse, or Bde-hda-kin-yan
610:In 1979 the tribe established a
335:Treaty of 1851 Traverse de Sioux
330:Enemy Swim, or To-ka-ni-we-ya-pi
257:Lake Traverse Indian Reservation
141:
129:
87:of the Lake Traverse Reservation
23:
830:. Circle of Nations School. n.d
389:By 1858 Dakota leaders went to
102:University of Minnesota, Morris
868:
805:
780:
743:
723:
650:, Native American flute-player
466:(warriors) at a settlement at
361:Commissioner of Indian Affairs
225:Sisíthuŋwaŋ Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ oyáte
1:
897:Schneider, Mary Jane (1994).
765:. mnisose.org. Archived from
736:
324:Big Coulee, or I-ya-ka-pta-pi
293:Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Tribe
177:traditional tribal religion,
627:Notable members of the tribe
574:
349:Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
263:Lake Traverse Treaty of 1867
7:
10:
984:
750:"Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate."
688:Creighton Leland Robertson
605:Bureau of Indian Education
408:
254:
229:federally recognized tribe
668:(1917–1982), veteran and
616:Sisseton Wahpeton College
282:Indian Reorganization Act
251:Lake Traverse Reservation
241:Lake Traverse Reservation
197:
192:
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127:
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710:Floyd Red Crow Westerman
593:Bureau of Indian Affairs
384:Redwood Falls, Minnesota
380:Granite Falls, Minnesota
303:Enrollment and districts
239:people. They are on the
958:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
937:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
906:Diedrich, Mark (1988).
752:(retrieved 19 Nov 2011)
483:Battle of Redwood Ferry
351:was formed between the
297:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
224:
85:Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate
53:more precise citations.
643:
589:Wahpeton, North Dakota
585:Wahpeton Indian School
495:Battle of Fort Ridgely
491:Battle of Birch Coulee
344:
187:Native American Church
97:
704:University of Alberta
676:Isabella Star LaBlanc
634:
558:Wounded Knee Massacre
347:On July 23, 1851 the
342:
193:Related ethnic groups
107:, photo by Nic McPhee
96:
660:Angelique EagleWoman
280:, also known as the
854:Wahpeton Daily News
702:, Professor at the
526:Battle of Wood Lake
485:, their assault on
456:St. Paul, Minnesota
445:Thomas J. Galbraith
88:
933:, tribal newspaper
925:, official website
880:2012-06-14 at the
644:
545:Mankato, Minnesota
421:Dakota War of 1862
411:Dakota War of 1862
405:Dakota War of 1862
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321:Veblen, or He-i-pa
278:Wheeler-Howard Act
98:
84:
787:Linder, Douglas.
666:Woodrow W. Keeble
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510:Fort Abercrombie
357:Alexander Ramsey
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113:Total population
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425:Dakota Conflict
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636:Woodrow Keeble
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565:War Department
508:laid siege to
443:State Senator
429:Sioux Uprising
409:Main article:
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373:Black Hawk War
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771:. Retrieved
767:the original
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700:Kim TallBear
656:, politician
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597:
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534:Henry Sibley
530:Camp Release
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460:Fort Ridgely
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271:missionaries
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245:South Dakota
232:
216:
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179:Christianity
149:South Dakota
81:Ethnic group
65:
59:January 2012
56:
37:
654:Joe Donnell
648:Bryan Akipa
554:Indian Wars
433:Mdewakanton
399:Indian Wars
51:introducing
952:Categories
825:"Overview"
798:2016-12-26
773:2017-02-25
737:References
620:land-grant
489:, and the
34:references
812:"Culture"
678:, actress
672:recipient
642:recipient
575:Education
541:Christmas
518:St. Cloud
506:aki-ci-ta
476:aki-ci-ta
464:aki-ci-ta
441:Minnesota
437:Wahpekute
365:Minnesota
183:Sun Dance
156:Languages
878:Archived
172:Religion
860:24 June
834:24 June
504:Dakota
487:New Ulm
162:English
47:improve
856:. 2021
583:, the
514:Canada
423:, the
417:Santee
359:, and
233:Isanti
221:Dakota
208:Nakota
204:Lakota
200:Dakota
198:other
166:Dakota
146:
134:
118:12,300
105:powwow
36:, but
828:(PDF)
717:Notes
468:Acton
862:2021
836:2021
520:and
435:and
369:Iowa
215:The
543:in
427:or
235:or
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