929:. Under this proposed bill, all California residents will be covered in the Healthy California Act SB 562 regardless of their immigration status. This bill will also include transient students that attend California institutions who purchased their healthcare program through the school. Services that will be covered by this bill will need to be determined as medically necessary by the patient's chosen health care provider. These services will range from preventive services to emergency services, in addition to prescription drugs services. SB 562 passed in the State Senate on June 1, 2017, with a vote of 23β14. When the bill was sent to the State Assembly, it was put on hold by Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, who expressed concern over financing.
105:
Single-payer contrasts with other funding mechanisms like "multi-payer" (multiple public and/or private sources), "two-tiered" (defined either as a public source with the option to use qualifying private coverage as a substitute, or as a public source for catastrophic care backed by private insurance for common medical care), and "insurance mandate" (citizens are required to buy private insurance which meets a national standard and which is generally subsidized). Some systems combine elements of these four funding mechanisms.
1018:. The law would establish a board called the Maine Healthcare Board which would be tasked to design, implement, and maintain a state health insurance plan called the Maine Healthcare Plan which would cover all residents of the state of Maine. However, neither the board of the Maine Healthcare Plan have been created because they are contingent on the passage of the federal legislation H.R.3775, the State-Based Universal Health Care Act.
340:(NHS). With largely public or government-owned providers, this also fits into the "Beveridge Model" of health care systems, sometimes considered to be single-payer, with relatively little private involvement compared to other universal systems. Each country's having different policies and priorities has resulted in a variety of differences existing between the systems. That said, each country provides public healthcare to all
962:. The system would have been funded by a 10% payroll tax split 2:1 between employers and employees. This would have replaced the private health insurance premiums currently paid by employees and companies. It would have begun operating in 2019 and was estimated to require revenue of $ 38 billion annually (from the Federal government and payroll taxes) and provide coverage for all residents, with no deductibles.
1042:
The
Minnesota Health Act, which would establish a statewide single-payer health plan, has been presented to the Minnesota legislature regularly since 2009. The bill was passed out of both the Senate Health Housing and Family Security Committee and the Senate Commerce and Consumer Protection Committee
945:
and provide the sources of funding needed to implement The
Healthy California Act. However, California must first obtain a waiver from the federal government which would allow California to pool all the money received from these federal programs into one central fund. A new bill, AB 1400, proposed by
811:
found that "it rightfully and straightforwardly concludes that M4A would provide more health care coverage at lower cost than the status quo, projecting a net reduction in national health expenditures of roughly $ 2 trillion over a 10-year period (2022-2031), while also enabling increased health care
510:
residents are entitled to basic health care as a fundamental right. The
Israeli healthcare system is based on the National Health Insurance Law of 1995, which mandates all citizens who are residents of the country to join one of four official health insurance organizations, known as Kupat Holim (Χ§ΧΧ€Χͺ
263:
In the face of increasing loss and the need for cost containment, NHI changed the payment system from fee-for-service to a global budget, a kind of prospective payment system, in 2002. Taiwan's success with a single-payer health insurance program is owed, in part, to the country's human resources and
259:
NHI is mainly financed through premiums, which are based on the payroll tax, and is supplemented with out-of-pocket payments and direct government funding. In the initial stage, fee-for-service predominated for both public and private providers. Most health providers operate in the private sector and
985:
In 2007, the Health Care for All
Illinois Act was introduced and the Illinois House of Representatives' Health Availability Access Committee passed the single-payer bill favorably out of committee by an 8β4 vote. The legislation was eventually referred back to the House rules committee and not taken
470:
model that is paid for by a combination of public and private health insurances along with the element of almost entirely tax-funded public hospitals. The public hospital system is essentially free for all Indian residents except for small, often symbolic co-payments in some services. At the federal
179:
Cosmetic surgery and some forms of elective surgery are not considered essential care and are generally not covered. These can be paid out-of-pocket or through private insurers. Health coverage is not affected by loss or change of jobs, and there are no lifetime limits or exclusions for pre-existing
167:
Canada's provincially based
Medicare systems are cost-effective partly because of their administrative simplicity. In each province, every doctor handles the insurance claim against the provincial insurer. There is no need for the person who accesses healthcare to be involved in billing and reclaim.
846:
Kahn, et al. estimate that the added cost for the private insurer health system in the US was about $ 471 billion in 2012 compared to a single-payer system like Canada's. This represents just over 20% of the total national healthcare expenditure in 2012. Kahn asserts that this excess administrative
842:
A 2014 study published in the journal BMC Medical
Services Research by James Kahn, et al., found that the actual administrative burden of health care in the United States was 27% of all national health expenditures. The study examined both direct costs charged by insurers for profit, administration
1135:
ran an initiative to the people (I-1600) for a statewide single payer plan called the Whole
Washington Health Trust - they did not collect enough signatures to make it onto the ballot. Washington has also passed legislation to create a universal healthcare work group that is tasked with creating a
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announced his intention to seek a waiver from the federal government allowing
Montana to set up a single-payer healthcare system. Governor Schweitzer was unable to implement single-payer health care in Montana, but did make moves to open government-run clinics, and in his final budget as governor,
638:
expenditures can save several hundreds of billions of dollars per year because publicly funded universal healthcare would benefit employers and consumers, that employers would benefit from a bigger pool of potential customers and that employers would likely pay less, would be spared administrative
483:
which entirely funds their healthcare (along with pension and unemployment benefits), both in public and private hospitals. People earning more than that amount are provided health insurance coverage by their employers through the many public or private insurance companies. As of 2020, 300 million
347:
In addition, each also has a private sector which is considerably smaller than its public equivalent, with provision of private healthcare acquired by means of private health insurance, funded as part of an employer funded healthcare scheme or paid directly by the customer, though provision can be
313:
The term "Scandinavian model" or "Nordic model" of health care systems has a few common features: largely public providers, limited private health coverage, and regionally-run, devolved systems with limited involvement from the central government. Due to this third characteristic, they can also be
175:
There is no need for a variety of plans because virtually all essential basic care is covered, including maternity and infertility problems. Depending on the province, dental and vision care may not be covered but are often insured by employers through private companies. In some provinces, private
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studied fifty years of
American public opinion of various health care plans and concluded that, while there appears to be general support of a "national health care plan", poll respondents "remain satisfied with their current medical arrangements, do not trust the federal government to do what is
1046:
In 2010, the bill passed the Senate
Judiciary Committee on a voice vote as well as the House Health Care & Human Services Policy and Oversight Committee. In 2011, the bill was introduced as a two-year bill in both the Senate and House, but did not progress. It has been introduced again in the
916:
On February 17, 2017, SB 562, which is also known as "The Healthy California Act" was introduced to the California State Senate. This bill is a $ 400 billion plan that was sponsored by the California Nurses Association to implement single-payer healthcare in California. Under this bill, which was
831:
A CBO report in 1993 stated that "he net cost of achieving universal insurance coverage under this single payer system would be negative" in part because "consumer payments for health would fall by $ 1,118 per capita, but taxes would have to increase by $ 1,261 per capita" in order to pay for the
282:
universal healthcare system, similar to systems used in countries like Japan and Germany, with healthcare societies providing coverage for the whole populace. Prior to 1977, the country had voluntary private health insurance, but reforms initiated in 1977 resulted in universal coverage by 1989. A
205:
While physician income initially boomed after the implementation of a single-payer program, a reduction in physician salaries followed, which many feared would be a long-term result of government-run healthcare. However, by the beginning of the 21st century, medical professionals were again among
1068:
New York State has been attempting passage of the New York Health Act, which would establish a statewide single-payer health plan, since 1992. The New York Health Act passed the Assembly four times: once in 1992 and again in 2015, 2016, and 2017, but has not yet advanced through the Senate after
1033:
to run a statewide ballot initiative directing the legislature to establish a universal, publicly funded health care system that covers everyone in the state by 2024. The campaign needed 63,000 valid signatures from registered Maine voters to get on the 2022 ballot. The campaign was suspended in
843:
and marketing but also the indirect burden placed on health care providers like hospitals, nursing homes and doctors for costs they incurred in working with private health insurers including contract negotiations, financial and clinical record-keeping (variable and idiosyncratic for each payer).
552:
Additionally, in parallel to the single-payer healthcare system there are private insurers, which provide coverage for some private doctors and hospitals. Employers will sometimes offer private health insurance as a benefit, with 14.8% of the Spanish population being covered under private health
390:
In England, funding from general taxation is channeled through NHS England, which is responsible for commissioning mainly specialist services and primary care, and Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), which manage 60% of the budget and are responsible for commissioning health services for their
827:
The CBO scored the cost in 1991, noting that "the population that is currently uninsured could be covered without dramatically increasing national spending on health" and that "all US residents might be covered by health insurance for roughly the current level of spending or even somewhat less,
104:
Typically, "single-payer healthcare" refers to health insurance provided as a public service and offered to citizens and legal residents; it does not usually refer to delivery of healthcare services. The fund can be managed by the government directly or as a publicly owned and regulated agency.
251:
Despite the initial shock on Taiwan's economy from increased costs of expanded healthcare coverage, the single-payer system has provided protection from greater financial risks and has made healthcare more financially accessible for the population, resulting in a steady 70% public satisfaction
108:
In contrast to the standard usage of the term, some writers describe all publicly administered systems as "single-payer plans", and others have described any system of healthcare which intends to cover the entire population, such as voucher plans, as "single-payer plans", although these usages
1111:
signed the bill into law, Vermont became the first state to functionally have a single-payer health care system. While the bill is considered a single-payer bill, private insurers can continue to operate in the state indefinitely, meaning it does not fit the strict definition of single-payer.
1148:
Advocates for single-payer healthcare point out support in polls, although the polling is mixed depending on how the question is asked. Polls from Harvard University in 1988, the Los Angeles Times in 1990, and the Wall Street Journal in 1991 all showed strong support for a health care system
1005:
regardless of age, state of health or employment status, by creating a single payer health insurance system like Medicare that is comprehensive, cost effective, and publicly provided to all residents of Massachusetts?" The ballot question passed in all 14 districts that offered the question.
255:
The current healthcare system in Taiwan, known as National Health Insurance (NHI), was instituted in 1995. NHI is a single-payer compulsory social insurance plan which centralizes the disbursement of health care funds. The system promises equal access to health care for all citizens, and the
100:
The term was coined in the 1990s to characterize the differences between the Canadian healthcare system with those such as the United Kingdom's NHS. In the Canadian healthcare system, the government pays private agencies to provide healthcare for qualifying individuals. In other systems, the
946:
Assemblymember Ash Kalra in 2021, would have established single-payer healthcare in California under the name of CalCare. The bill was ultimately withdrawn by Kalra before a floor vote could be held on it in January 2022 because AB 1400 did not have the votes to pass if one was to be held.
479:(enterprises having less than 10 employees) and offers them free treatment even at private hospitals. For people working in the organized sector (enterprises with more than 10 employees) and earning a monthly salary of up to Rs 21000 are covered by the social insurance scheme of
515:") which are run as not-for-profit organizations and are prohibited by law from denying any Israeli resident membership. Israelis can increase their medical coverage and improve their options by purchasing private health insurance. In a survey of 48 countries in 2013, Israel's
72:
A single-payer health system establishes a single risk pool, consisting of the entire population of a geographic or political region. It also establishes a single set of rules for services offered, reimbursement rates, drug prices, and minimum standards for required services.
484:
Indians are covered by insurance bought from one of the public or private insurance companies by their employers as group or individual plans. Unemployed people without coverage are covered by the various state insurance schemes if they do not have the means to pay for it.
127:, which is implemented in a variety of ways. In some cases doctors are employed and hospitals are run by the government, such as in the UK or Spain. Alternatively, the government may purchase healthcare services from outside organizations, such as the approach taken in
193:
Canadians do wait for some treatments and diagnostic services. Survey data shows that the median wait time to see a special physician is a little over four weeks with 89.5% waiting less than three months. The median wait time for diagnostic services such as
163:
of 1984. The government assures the quality of care through federal standards. The government does not participate in day-to-day care or collect any information about an individual's health, which remains confidential between a person and their physician.
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plan. A July 1993 scoring also resulted in positive outcomes, with the CBO stating that, "s the program was phased in, the administrative savings from switching to a single-payer system would offset much of the increased demand for health care services.
541:
Building upon less structured foundations, in 1963 the existence of a single-payer healthcare system in Spain was established by the Spanish government. The system was sustained by contributions from workers, and covered them and their dependants.
1302:
Diagnostic tests defined as the following: non-emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices; computed tomography (CT or CAT) scans; and angiographies that use X-rays to examine the inner opening of blood-filled structures such as veins and
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Any national system would be paid for in part through taxes replacing insurance premiums, but advocates also believe savings would be realized through preventive care and the elimination of insurance company overhead and hospital billing costs.
1034:
April 2022 after collecting more than 41,150 signatures from voters across all 16 counties in Maine. In a blogpost Maine Healthcare Action said the reason was that they were not on track to collect the needed signatures by the June deadline.
823:
published a report in 1991 noting that "f the US were to shift to a system of universal coverage and a single payer, as in Canada, the savings in administrative costs would be more than enough to offset the expense of universal coverage."
949:
In 2019, California Governor Gavin Newsom appointed a "Healthy California for All" (HCFA) commission to study the feasibility of adopting a universal health care system with unified financing, such as a single-payer system, in California.
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showed that nearly 45,000 annual deaths are associated with a lack of patient health insurance. The study also found that uninsured, working Americans have a risk of death about 40% higher compared to privately insured working Americans.
4595:
795:, in which a push for universal healthcare featured prominently, single-payer proposals gained traction. Conyers reintroduced his bill in the House of Representatives in January 2017. Four months later, the bill was supported by 112
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spending, paying about 45% of the $ 2.2 trillion the nation spent on individuals' medical care in 2004. However, studies have shown that the publicly administered share of health spending in the U.S. may be closer to 60% as of 2002.
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1119:, the initial sponsor of the bill, has described Green Mountain Care's provisions "as close as we can get at the state level." Vermont abandoned the plan in 2014, citing costs and tax increases as too high to implement.
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form a competitive market on the health delivery side. However, many healthcare providers took advantage of the system by offering unnecessary services to a larger number of patients and then billing the government.
171:
In general, costs are paid through funding from income taxes. A health card is issued by the Provincial Ministry of Health to each individual who enrolls for the program and everyone receives the same level of care.
5111:
4639:
183:
Pharmaceutical medications are covered by public funds, privately out-of-pocket or through employment-based private insurance. Drug prices are negotiated with suppliers by the federal government to control costs.
932:
According to SB 562, a Healthy California Trust Fund would be established to provide funding for the bill. Currently, states receive funding from the federal government for certain healthcare services such as
862:
487:
In 2019, the total net government spending on healthcare was $ 36 billion or 1.23% of its GDP. Since the country's independence, the public hospital system has been entirely funded through general taxation.
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costs, and inequities between employers would be reduced. Prohibitively high cost is the primary reason Americans give for problems accessing health care. At over 27 million, the number of people without
4619:
4273:
1454:
243:
In 2002, Taiwan had nearly 1.6 physicians and 5.9 hospital beds per 1,000 population, and there were a total of 36 hospitals and 2,601 clinics in the island. Health expenditures constituted 5.8% of the
3120:
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These commissioning bodies do not provide services themselves directly, but procure these from NHS Trusts and Foundation Trusts, as well as private, voluntary, and social enterprise sector providers.
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57:
Within single-payer healthcare systems, a single government or government-related source pays for all covered healthcare services. Governments use this strategy to achieve several goals, including
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reported that the quality of care received by Veterans Administration patients scored significantly higher overall than did comparable metrics for patients currently using United States Medicare.
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1001:, was on the ballot in 14 state districts in November 2010, asking voters, "hall the representative from this district be instructed to support legislation that would establish healthcare as a
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Massachusetts had passed a universal healthcare program in 1986, but budget constraints and partisan control of the legislature resulted in its repeal before the legislation could be enacted.
190:(often known as general practitioners or GPs in Canada) are chosen by individuals. If a patient wishes to see a specialist or is counseled to see a specialist, a referral can be made by a GP.
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958:
The Colorado State Health Care System Initiative, Amendment 69, was a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment proposal in November 2016 to vote on a single-payer healthcare system called
2534:
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statewide universal healthcare plan by 2026. In 2021, Senate Bill 5204, a legislative version of Whole Washington's ballot initiative, was introduced into the state legislature by Senator
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150:
5127:
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1766:
799:, surpassing for the first time the 25% mark of co-sponsorship. In September of the same year, Sanders himself, together with 16 co-sponsors, introduced a Medicare-for-all bill in the
41:
for all residents are covered by a single public system (hence "single-payer"). Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as is the case in
4384:
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in the country. While previously this was not the case, in 1997 it was established that public authorities can delegate management of publicly funded healthcare to private companies.
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major healthcare financing reform in 2000 merged all medical societies into the National Health Insurance Service. This new service became a single-payer healthcare system in 2004.
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Asch SM, McGlynn EA, Hogan MM, et al. (December 2004). "Comparison of quality of care for patients in the Veterans Health Administration and patients in a national sample".
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Wall Street Journal-NBC poll: Michael McQueen, βVoters, sick of the current health-care systems, want federal government to prescribe remedy,β Wall Street Journal, June 28, 1991
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Liu, J. L., & Brook, R. H. (2017). What is single-payer health care? A review of definitions and proposals in the U.S. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 32(7), 822-831.
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believes that, if the United States adopted a universal health care system, the mortality rate would improve and the country would save approximately $ 570 billion a year.
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are sometimes considered to have single-payer health care services, as opposed to single-payer national health care insurance like Taiwan or Canada. This is a form of the "
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in general, are less able to afford private health insurance, and that those who can must pay high deductibles and co-payments that threaten families with financial ruin.
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found that 59% of physicians "supported legislation to establish national health insurance" while 9% were neutral on the topic, and 32% opposed it. In January 2020, The
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venture in Australia. It was instituted in 1984 and coexists with a private health system. For example, Medicare covers all of the cost for an Australian citizen in a
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voters support Medicare for all. From 2010 to 2020, all House members who supported Medicare for All won reelection including those in Republican-leaning districts.
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argued to be single-payer only on a regional level, or to be multi-payer systems, as opposed to the nationally run health coverage found in Taiwan and South Korea.
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839:'s American Health and Security Act of 1993 in December 1993, finding that "by year five (and in subsequent years) the new system would cost less than baseline."
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647:. Lack of health insurance is associated with increased mortality β about sixty thousand preventable deaths per year, depending on the study. A study done at
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co-authored by State Senators Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens) and Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), Californians would have health coverage without having to pay any
783:, among other examples. The bill was first introduced in 2003 and has been reintroduced in each Congress since. During the 2009 health care debates over the
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levy (with exceptions for low-income earners), but mostly out of general revenue. An additional levy of 1% is imposed on high-income earners without private
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poll showed 56% of Americans favor "a national health plan, sometimes called Medicare-for-all", with support remaining steady over the previous two years.
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system, which is mostly free at the point of use and has most services provided by private entities. The system was established by the provisions of the
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1994:
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The Family Business and Healthcare Security Act has been introduced in the Pennsylvania legislature numerous times, but has never been able to pass.
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is two weeks, with 86.4% waiting less than three months. The median wait time for surgery is four weeks, with 82.2% waiting less than three months.
49:). "Single-payer" describes the mechanism by which healthcare is paid for by a single public authority, not a private authority, nor a mix of both.
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Later, the cap on the growth of the national health budget would hold the rate of growth of spending below the baseline." The CBO also scored Sen.
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is a public healthcare system, but is restricted to persons over the age of 65, people under 65 who have specific disabilities, and anyone with
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poll: βHealth Care in the United States,β Poll no. 212, Storrs, Conn.: Administered by the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, March 1990
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The universality of the system was established later in 1986. At the same time, management of public healthcare was delegated to the different
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endorsed the concept of single-payer system for the US and published a series of articles supporting this in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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In wealthy nations, single-payer healthcare is typically available to all citizens and legal residents. Examples include the United Kingdom's
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4214:
3313:
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1169:/AP poll showed 54% of respondents considered themselves supporters of "single-payer health care", and 49% of respondents in a 2009 poll for
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the government's organizational skills, allowing for the effective and efficient management of the government-run health insurance program.
4573:
3042:"Single-Payer Health Reform: A Step Toward Reducing Structural Racism in Health Care | Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication"
1948:
Lu, Jui-Fen Rachel; Hsiao, William C. (May 1, 2003). "Does Universal Health Insurance Make Health Care Unaffordable? Lessons From Taiwan".
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was ranked third most efficient in the world. In 2015, Israel was ranked sixth-healthiest country in the world by Bloomberg rankings and
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1324:
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866:, a single payer universal healthcare system would have saved 212,000 lives and averted over $ 100 billion in medical costs during the
792:
788:
445:
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3811:
3146:
2709:
2628:
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cost will increase under the Affordable Care Act with its reliance on the provision of health coverage through a multi-payer system.
383:
5422:
3483:
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Hsiao, William C.; Cheng, Shou-Hsia; Yip, Winnie (2016). "What can be achieved with a single-payer NHI system: The case of Taiwan".
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referrals to the Health Committee. On all occasions, the legislation passed the Assembly by an almost two-to-one ratio of support.
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California attempted passage of a single-payer health system by initiative in 1994, as Proposition 186, which got 27% of the vote.
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3657:"Universal healthcare as pandemic preparedness: The lives and costs that could have been saved during the COVID-19 pandemic"
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3068:"Cost savings associated with improving appropriate and reducing inappropriate preventive care: cost-consequences analysis"
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are among advocacy groups that have called for the introduction of a single-payer healthcare program in the United States.
1204:
791:, H.R. 676 was expected to be debated and voted upon by the House in September 2009, but was never debated. In the wake of
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524:
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767:(D-MI). The act would establish a universal single-payer health care system in the United States, the rough equivalent of
4898:"Washington Universal Healthcare Coverage and Funding through Payroll, Income, and Capital Gains Taxes Initiative (2018)"
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676:
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A number of proposals have been made for a universal single-payer healthcare system in the United States, among them the
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in 2020 alone. Roughly 16% of all COVID-19 deaths occurred in the US, despite having only 4% of the world's population.
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Galvani, Alison P.; Parpia, Alyssa S.; Foster, Eric M.; Singer, Burton H.; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C. (February 15, 2020).
2571:"Historia de la Sanidad PΓΊblica espaΓ±ola. RevisiΓ³n bibliogrΓ‘fica β Revista MΓ©dica ElectrΓ³nica PortalesMedicos.com"
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Several single-payer state referendums and bills from state legislatures have been proposed, but with the exception of
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Advocates have estimated a long-term savings amounting to 40% of all national health expenditures due to the extended
448:
administers national health policy, elements of which (such as the operation of hospitals) are overseen by individual
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Several nations worldwide have single-payer health insurance programs. These programs generally provide some form of
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Carroll AE, Ackerman RT (April 2008). "Support for National Health Insurance among U.S. Physicians: 5 years later".
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1502:"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform"
5173:
3969:"California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon shelves single-payer healthcare bill, calling it 'woefully incomplete'"
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In 2009, the Hawaii state legislature passed a single-payer healthcare bill that was vetoed by Republican Governor
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and related government agencies scored the cost of a single-payer health care system several times since 1991. The
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had appeared in every U.S. state, House Democrats introduced the Medicare for All Act of 2021 with 112 supporters.
620:
323:
77:
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Galvani, Alison P; Parpia, Alyssa S; Foster, Eric M; Singer, Burton H; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C (February 13, 2020).
3359:"H.R. 676: United States National Health Care Act or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act (Govtrack.us)"
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was ranked fourth in the world in terms of efficiency, and in 2014 it ranked seventh out of 51. In 2020, Israel's
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2820:"Jayapal, Dingell to Unveil Medicare for All Act Exactly One Year After 1st Covid Cases Confirmed in Every State"
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66:
5007:, Volume 20, No. 2. "Americans' Views on Health Policy: A Fifty-Year Historical Perspective." March/April 2001.
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3196:. "Funding a National Single-Payer System "Medicare for All" Would save Billions, and Could Be Redistributive".
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because of savings in administrative costs and lower payment rates for services used by the privately insured."
5465:
3999:
1282:
1229:
736:
536:
441:
4291:
5342:
5245:
1471:
1216:
1140:. It has seven cosponsors, though it has never been introduced into the Washington House of Representatives.
1078:
480:
5232:"No Co-Sponsor of 'Medicare for All' Has Lost Reelection in the Past Decade (Even in GOP-Leaning Districts)"
5036:
3336:
1991:
1725:
4354:
898:
893:
Multiple legislative proposals have been proposed in the state legislature, one of the earliest by Senator
4869:
4757:
1739:
1608:
Frank, Robert H. (2007-02-15). "A Health Care Plan So Simple, Even Stephen Colbert Couldn't Simplify It."
1422:
61:, decreased economic burden of health care, and improved health outcomes for the population. In 2010, the
5470:
5455:
3193:
1224:
816:
744:
671:
156:
4967:
Harvard/Harris poll: Robert J. Blendon et al., βViews on health care: Public opinion in three nations,β
4583:: Brian Schweitzer, Montana Governor, Sees Big Savings With New State Health Clinic. September 30, 2012.
2383:"Covid is an opportunity to make structural changes to our largest health insurance and pension schemes"
2119:
1266:
1098:
564:
333:
332:, meaning that England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland all have their own system of private and
310:" of health care systems that features public health providers in addition to public health insurance.
195:
118:
1501:
5450:
1909:
1396:
1277:
652:
475:. This aimed to cover the bottom 50% (500 million people) of the country's population working in the
273:
62:
3518:"Estimates of Health Care Proposals from the 102nd Congress" Congressional Budget Office, July 1993.
3218:
2685:
2250:
4533:
4320:
1178:
938:
599:
593:
471:
level, a national health insurance program was launched in 2018 by the Government of India, called
408:
5148:"Public Opinion on Single-Payer, National Health Plans, and Expanding Access to Medicare Coverage"
4683:
4514:
4457:
3171:
1678:
739:
as a pure form of socialized medicine because it is "owned, operated and financed by government."
5009:
2845:"'Everyone In, Nobody Out': Jayapal, Dingell Introduce Medicare for All Act With 112 Co-Sponsors"
2588:
1173:
magazine showed support for "a national single-payer plan similar to Medicare for all." Polls by
772:
624:
603:
586:
341:
337:
279:
3881:"Single-payer health care put on hold in California as leaders calls bill 'woefully incomplete'"
1340:
5480:
5217:
1241:
1200:
667:
648:
3782:"The California Single-Payer Debate, The Defeat of Proposition 186 β Kaiser Family Foundation"
176:
supplemental plans are available for those who desire private rooms if they are hospitalized.
65:'s member countries adopted universal healthcare as a goal; this goal was also adopted by the
4721:
3281:
3205:
1153:
998:
906:
882:, all have failed. In December 2014, Vermont canceled its plan for single-payer health care.
796:
635:
503:
418:
124:
5400:
4369:"Maine Healthcare Action announces suspension of universal healthcare ballot measure effort"
3942:
Official Website - Speaker Anthony Rendon Representing the 63rd California Assembly District
3138:
4798:
3807:
3668:
2624:
2064:
1615:
800:
780:
756:
712:
610:
582:
497:
414:
215:
140:
128:
89:
81:
58:
34:
4458:
Audio of House Health Care & Human Services Policy and Oversight Committee proceedings
4330:: Non-Binding Measure On Single-Payer System Passes In All 14 Districts. November 4, 2010.
3358:
856:
found that the proposed Medicare for All Act would save 68,000 lives and $ 450 billion in
659:
Backers of single-payer or Medicare for All note that minorities and the poor, as well as
8:
4754:"Vt. Senate approves single-payer plan β WCAX.COM Local Vermont News, Weather and Sports"
3480:
1906:
1104:
732:
461:
3672:
2191:
4847:
4778:
3704:
3691:
3656:
3637:
3624:
3599:
3575:
3548:
3527:
3499:
3293:
3197:
3094:
3067:
2776:
2763:
2730:
2341:
2314:
2041:
2016:
1871:
1838:
1802:
1556:
1128:
894:
476:
5272:"Proposal of the Physicians' Working Group for Single-Payer National Health Insurance"
4602:: Schweitzer's final budget proposal boosts education, health care. November 15, 2012.
4355:"H.R.3775 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): State-Based Universal Health Care Act of 2021"
3615:
2746:
1408:
5404:
5062:
4839:
4193:
3976:
3708:
3696:
3641:
3629:
3580:
3285:
3099:
2780:
2768:
2750:
2346:
2046:
1973:
1965:
1876:
1858:
1807:
1548:
1174:
768:
692:
229:
160:
146:
85:
4401:
Minutes of the House Health Care and Human Services Policy & Oversight Committee
3500:"Single-Payer and All-Payer Health Insurance Systems Using Medicare's Payment Rates"
3297:
3240:
2090:"Health Care Systems - Four Basic Models - Physicians for a National Health Program"
1560:
1544:
731:' coupled with a largely private health-care delivery system" rather than forms of "
643:
coverage in the United States is one of the primary concerns raised by advocates of
5396:
4851:
4831:
4037:
3686:
3676:
3619:
3611:
3570:
3560:
3277:
3089:
3079:
2758:
2742:
2336:
2326:
2036:
2028:
1957:
1899:
1866:
1850:
1797:
1540:
1461:
Year introduced: 1996, (From Slee and Slee, Health Care Reform Terms, 1993, p. 106)
1404:
1132:
1056:
749:
728:
434:
426:
307:
303:
292:
187:
1767:"Section from Healthy Canadians: A Federal report on Comparable Health Indicators"
977:. While the veto was overridden by the legislature, the bill was not implemented.
45:) or may own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as is the case in the
5475:
5134:
5115:
4805:
4785:
4728:
4708:
4623:
4599:
4580:
4560:
4540:
4521:
4502:
4483:
4464:
4445:
4426:
4407:
4388:
4327:
4277:
4239:
3843:
3750:
3728:
3534:
3506:
3487:
3468:
3320:
3247:
3178:
3124:
2716:
2198:
2176:
2157:
1998:
1839:"The Impact of Single-Payer Health Care on Physician Income in Canada, 1850β2005"
1458:
1208:
1177:
in 2011 and 2012 showed 49% opposed to single-payer healthcare. In April 2019, a
1002:
804:
581:"Medicare for All" redirects here. For the United States Congressional bill, see
472:
422:
413:
Healthcare in Australia is provided by both private and government institutions.
3781:
2169:
2150:
1366:
680:
have found that preventive care is more expensive due to increased utilization.
4564:: Schweitzer wants statewide universal health care program. September 28, 2011.
1212:
1157:
863:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
836:
232:, Taiwanese people are well-nourished but face such health problems as chronic
225:
46:
5377:
from the California Nurses Association / National Nurses Organizing Committee.
3836:
3565:
5444:
4215:"Single-payer health care failed miserably in Colorado last year. Here's why"
3980:
3255:
2754:
2331:
2315:"Universal Health Coverage in India: Progress achieved & the way forward"
1969:
1931:
1862:
1854:
1256:
1246:
1108:
808:
716:
520:
516:
397:
237:
4341:"LD 1045, HP 773, Text and Status, 130th Legislature, First Special Session"
3681:
2231:
1961:
1269:β tabular comparisons of the US, Canada, and other countries not shown above
5408:
5084:"Abt SRBI - Time/Abt SRBI Poll: Most Americans Eager for Healthcare Reform"
4843:
3700:
3633:
3584:
3289:
3103:
3084:
2968:""There will be deaths": Atul Gawande on the GOP plan to replace Obamacare"
2921:"House Dems renew push for 'Medicare-for-all,' pressure Biden to move left"
2772:
2350:
2050:
1977:
1880:
1811:
1552:
1137:
974:
902:
764:
371:
4819:
4281:: State Referendums Seeking to Overhaul Health Care System. June 11, 2000.
3461:
3411:"S.1804 - A bill to establish a Medicare-for-all health insurance program"
2986:"New study finds 45,000 deaths annually linked to lack of health coverage"
2795:"Exclusive: Over 60 House Democrats are forming a Medicare for All Caucus"
1648:"In British Emergency Room, 'There's No Card To Show; There Are No Bills'"
613:
originally introduced in the House in February 2003 and repeatedly since.
4943:"Michael Moore claims a majority favor a single-payer health care system"
4149:"Colorado Weighs Replacing Obama's Health Policy With Universal Coverage"
4101:
2895:"House Democrats bring back Medicare-for-all, seeking to push Biden left"
2487:"Most Efficient Health Care 2014: Countries - Bloomberg Best (and Worst)"
2032:
1616:"A Health Care Plan So Simple, Even Stephen Colbert Couldn't Simplify It"
1251:
1116:
1015:
5010:"Americans' Views on Health Policy: A Fifty-Year Historical Perspective"
2437:"17 Government Health Insurance Schemes in India: Govt Mediclaim Policy"
1785:
344:
that is free at the point of use, being paid for from general taxation.
5200:"87% of Democrats support "Medicare for All," though Joe Biden doesn't"
4004:
2946:"The U.S. Health Care System: An International Perspective - DPEAFLCIO"
942:
926:
852:
430:
329:
38:
4788:: Vermont could be first in line for single payer. September 17, 2012.
2535:"Singapore ranked world's healthiest country, UK fails to make top 20"
1162:
right, and do not favor a single-payer type of national health plan."
444:
that considerably subsidises a range of prescription medications. The
4835:
4033:"Why California's Cowardly Democrats Scurried Away From Single-Payer"
3549:"Billing and insurance-related administrative costs in US healthcare"
922:
918:
910:
563:
Spain's healthcare system ranks 19th in Europe according to the 2018
377:
4684:"Content Manager WebDrawer - 2002 General Election Official Results"
2465:"Can universal healthcare work? A look at Israel's successful model"
151:
Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States
4636:"New York State Assembly β Bill Search and Legislative Information"
4091:"Colorado State Health Care System Initiative, Amendment 69 (2016)"
3241:"Letters: For Children's Sake, This 'Schip' Needs to Be Relaunched"
2396:
1479:
934:
901:, SB 840 or "The California Universal Healthcare Act" (authored by
720:
592:"M4A" redirects here. For MPEG 4 filename extension for audio, see
353:
286:
5118:: Rasmussen Reports. January 1, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
5034:
AP/Yahoo poll: Administered by Knowledge Networks, December 2007:
4712:: State senator introduces Pa. health care plan. October 13, 2011.
3481:
Universal Health Insurance Coverage Using Medicare's Payment Rates
3015:
1325:
Universal healthcare was unthinkable in America, but not any more.
1077:
The state of Oregon attempted to pass single-payer healthcare via
1014:
In June 2021 LD 1045 became law without the signature of Governor
5291:"On the Doorstep With a Plea: Will You Support Medicare for All?"
1930:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1450:
Medical Subject Headings thesaurus, National Library of Medicine.
1165:
Between 2001 and 2013, however, polling support declined. A 2007
1127:
There have been multiple campaigns for statewide single payer in
1081:
in 2002, and the measure was rejected by a significant majority.
941:. In addition to taxes, these funds would be pooled into the new
913:
has reintroduced the bill in the legislative session afterwards.
759:
is a perennial piece of legislation introduced many times in the
506:
and participation in a medical insurance plan is compulsory. All
233:
199:
4722:
Co-sponsorship Memo Family and Business Health Care Security Act
69:
in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
4128:
3827:: "Leno reintroduces single-payer health plan." March 15, 2009.
3808:"Healthcare for All Bill Passes β Governor Threatens Veto"
3739:
3737:
776:
691:
estimated the immediate savings at $ 350 billion per year. The
560:
by the World Health Organization as the 7th best in the world.
507:
42:
5423:"Internists call for comprehensive reform of U.S. health care"
5174:"Tracking Public Opinion on National Health Plan: Interactive"
2423:"Why you should not miss out on your health insurance renewal"
1992:"New IC health insurance card expected to offer many benefits"
5000:
4998:
2509:"Asia Trounces U.S. in Health-Efficiency Index Amid Pandemic"
1166:
5315:
4066:"Newsom names picks for single-payer health care commission"
4065:
4000:"Why single payer died in the California Legislature, again"
3734:
905:), occurred in 2006 and again in 2008. Both times, Governor
3655:
Galvani, Alison P.; Parpia, Alyssa S.; et al. (2022).
3462:"Canadian Health Insurance: Lessons for the United States,"
5350:, Reston, Virginia: American Medical Student Association,
4995:
1472:"Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage"
897:. The first successful passage of legislation through the
398:
Regions with hybrid single-payer/private insurance systems
3597:
2728:
2281:"Medicare levy increase to fund DisabilityCare Australia"
2179:
1651:
349:
245:
5218:"Every cosponser of medicare for all win in last decade"
4820:"US Health Reforms: America's first single payer system"
3908:"The Healthy California Act (SB 562): Executive Summary"
3385:"H.R.676 - Expanded & Improved Medicare For All Act"
2870:"Progressive Democrats Revive Medicare-for-All Campaign"
2644:"Muface y la sanidad privada, ΒΏde verdad tiene sentido?"
2017:"Health Care Reform in South Korea: Success or Failure?"
256:
population coverage had reached 99% by the end of 2004.
1060:
increased coverage for lower-income Montana residents.
4743:: Universal interest in health care. January 13, 2008.
4731:. Office of Representative Tony Payton, June 20, 2012.
4124:"Colorado Puts Single-Payer Healthcare On 2016 Ballot"
3991:
3065:
1043:
in 2009, but the House version was ultimately tabled.
1029:
organized as a 501(c)(3), launched a 501(c)(4) called
109:
generally do not meet strict definitions of the term.
4654:"New York Assembly Passes Universal Healthcare Bill!"
860:
annually. According to a 2022 study published in the
2308:
2306:
1584:"Single-payer is great but it's not the only option"
1397:"What We Talk About When We Talk About Single Payer"
112:
5375:
Single-payer, or Medicare for all, is the way to go
3600:"Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA"
2731:"Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA"
5425:. American College of Physicians. January 20, 2020
5081:Time Magazine/ABT SRBI β July 27β28, 2009 Survey:
3722:Vermont moves toward single-payer | Arlene Karidis
2213:"The Awkward World of Private Insurance in the UK"
965:The ballot measure was rejected by 79% of voters.
698:
248:in 2001, 64.9% of which coming from public funds.
5137:: Rasmussen Reports. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
3744:"Governor abandons single-payer health care plan"
2303:
1714:
1679:"What Makes Spain's Health Care System The Best?"
5442:
4382:Committee on Health, Housing and Family Security
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3267:
3118:Barack Obama says preventive care 'saves money'.
2642:GonzΓ‘lez, Alejandro Nieto (September 22, 2014).
1446:
1444:
1267:International comparisons of health care systems
616:On July 18, 2018, it was announced that over 60
5386:
5246:"Public Citizen's Plan to Win Medicare for All"
4937:
4935:
4253:"Illinois General Assembly Bill Status: HB 311"
2210:
4429:in which the bill was passed out of committee.
3231:Health Affairs, July 2002. Woolhandler, Steffi
2313:Zodpey, Sanjay; Farooqui, Habib Hasan (2018).
2312:
1262:Health care reform debate in the United States
119:Health system Β§ International comparisons
4448:in which the bill was passed on a voice vote.
3891:
3654:
3537:, Congressional Budget Office, December 1993.
3490:, Congressional Budget Office, December 1991.
3066:Hogg, W.; Baskerville, N; Lemelin, J (2005).
3059:
2938:
1530:
1441:
348:restricted for those with conditions such as
5274:. Physicians for a National Health Program.
4932:
4811:
4083:
3314:"House Reps Introduce Medicare-for-All Bill"
3309:
3307:
2462:
1103:Vermont passed legislation in 2011 creating
425:, while it only covers 75% of the cost in a
220:Healthcare in Taiwan is administered by the
155:Healthcare in Canada is delivered through a
3528:S.491, American Health Security Act of 1993
3161:
1646:Aguirre, Jessica Camille (August 6, 2012).
4799:Vermont approves universal health program.
4756:. Wcax.com. April 26, 2011. Archived from
4146:
3377:
2662:"Informe IDIS, AnΓ‘lisis de situaciΓ³n 2013"
2005:, January 2, 2004, Accessed March 28, 2008
793:Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign
789:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
742:In a peer-reviewed paper published in the
687:A 2008 analysis of a single-payer bill by
627:. On March 17, 2021, exactly a year after
5288:
4817:
4140:
4024:
3938:"Speaker Rendon Statement on Health Care"
3837:Latest News on SB 801 | Senator Mark Leno
3690:
3680:
3623:
3574:
3564:
3304:
3093:
3083:
2762:
2479:
2340:
2330:
2229:
2040:
1870:
1801:
737:Veterans Administration healthcare system
725:State Children's Health Insurance Program
594:MPEG-4 Part 14 Β§ Filename extensions
440:As well as Medicare, there is a separate
101:government both funds and delivers care.
4212:
4030:
3509:Congressional Budget Office, April 1993.
3282:10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00010
3168:Physicians for a National Health Program
2641:
1567:
1197:Physicians for a National Health Program
1027:Physicians for a National Health Program
807:study of the 2017 proposal by economist
689:Physicians for a National Health Program
467:
5401:10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00026
5278:from the original on February 21, 2009.
4292:"Boston Globe: Ballot Questions (2010)"
3438:"Medicare for All makes a lot of sense"
3391:from the original on September 18, 2017
3347:from the original on September 4, 2009.
3136:
3130:
2674:from the original on December 24, 2014.
2650:from the original on December 24, 2014.
2631:from the original on December 24, 2014.
2605:from the original on September 18, 2017
2577:from the original on December 24, 2014.
2238:from the original on December 16, 2015.
2219:from the original on November 16, 2016.
1947:
1740:"Provincial/Territorial Role in Health"
1645:
703:Government is increasingly involved in
585:. For the US Congressional caucus, see
556:In 2000, the Spanish healthcare system
14:
5443:
5090:from the original on December 12, 2013
5067:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4858:from the original on January 10, 2014.
4302:from the original on December 28, 2011
4213:Matthews, Dylan (September 14, 2017).
4198:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4180:from the original on November 14, 2016
3997:
3887:from the original on October 31, 2017.
3866:from the original on November 3, 2017.
3788:from the original on February 22, 2012
3149:from the original on November 13, 2013
2996:from the original on February 28, 2018
2918:
2319:The Indian Journal of Medical Research
2261:from the original on February 20, 2016
1836:
1818:from the original on December 13, 2017
1746:from the original on February 6, 2014.
1676:
1626:from the original on September 3, 2017
1614:Frank, Robert H. (February 15, 2007).
868:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
761:United States House of Representatives
328:Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a
287:Regions with "Beveridge Model" systems
278:South Korea used to have a multipayer
95:
5334:
5178:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
5152:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
5016:from the original on October 28, 2014
4949:from the original on October 12, 2011
4664:from the original on February 4, 2017
4031:El-Sayed, Abdul (February 10, 2022).
3966:
3918:from the original on November 7, 2017
3875:
3873:
3854:
3852:
3753:, Associated Press, December 17, 2014
3471:General Accounting Office, June 1991.
3435:
3365:from the original on January 31, 2010
2686:"2018 European Health Consumer Index"
2589:"La protecciΓ³n de la salud en EspaΓ±a"
2559:from the original on January 3, 2013.
2251:"The structure of the NHS in England"
2201:bupa.co.uk, accessed 23 February 2009
2100:from the original on October 31, 2017
1943:
1941:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1837:Duffin, Jacalyn (November 17, 2016).
1613:
1590:from the original on October 22, 2017
1512:from the original on December 5, 2017
1429:from the original on October 22, 2017
5340:
5049:from the original on October 5, 2013
4063:
3546:
3337:"Single Payer Gets A Vote (Updated)"
3192:
2956:from the original on March 28, 2018.
2211:Bob Wachter, MD (January 16, 2012).
1790:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1784:Gray, Charlotte (October 19, 1999).
1783:
1347:from the original on October 2, 2017
1323:Gaffney, Adam (September 16, 2018).
1273:Medical deserts in the United States
1205:American Medical Student Association
1149:comparable to the system in Canada.
429:. Medicare is funded partly by a 2%
4642:from the original on June 13, 2015.
4259:from the original on June 16, 2008.
4136:from the original on July 29, 2017.
4045:from the original on March 23, 2023
3998:Koseff, Alexei (February 1, 2022).
3987:from the original on June 24, 2017.
3814:from the original on July 22, 2009.
2974:from the original on July 31, 2017.
2248:
2132:from the original on August 9, 2017
2014:
1722:"Overview of the Canada Health Act"
1701:
1689:from the original on March 19, 2014
1658:from the original on August 8, 2012
1423:"What is single-payer health care?"
1377:from the original on August 2, 2017
850:A February 2020 study published in
781:Bureau of National Health Insurance
677:The New England Journal of Medicine
297:
24:
5357:from the original on March 2, 2014
4064:Hart, Angela (December 18, 2019).
3870:
3849:
2015:Lee, Jong-Chan (January 1, 2003).
1938:
1887:
1191:
873:
37:, in which the costs of essential
25:
5492:
5289:Goodnough, Abby (June 15, 2019).
4439:Video of Senate committee session
4420:Video of Senate committee session
4121:
4012:from the original on July 6, 2023
3436:Sachs, Jeffrey (August 4, 2018).
2021:American Journal of Public Health
1919:from the original on May 12, 2008
1843:American Journal of Public Health
1409:10.1377/forefront.20170919.062040
1143:
735:". In contrast, he describes the
317:
113:Regions with single-payer systems
5415:
5380:
5368:
5308:
5282:
5264:
5238:
5224:
5210:
5192:
5166:
5140:
5121:
5102:
5075:
5028:
4986:
4974:
4961:
4918:
4904:
4890:
4862:
4791:
4772:
4746:
4734:
4715:
4694:
4676:
4646:
4628:
4605:
4586:
4567:
4546:
4527:
4508:
4489:
4470:
4451:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4375:
4361:
4347:
4333:
4314:
4284:
4263:
4245:
4225:
4206:
4166:
4115:
4057:
3967:Mason, Melanie (June 23, 2017).
3960:
3930:
3417:from the original on May 5, 2018
2919:Henney, Megan (March 17, 2021).
2627:. BOE.es. pp. 13449β13450.
2365:"India | Commonwealth Fund"
2151:'Huge contrasts' in devolved NHS
1367:"the definition of single-payer"
1341:"single-payer system definition"
989:
821:Government Accountability Office
570:
324:Healthcare in the United Kingdom
3944:. June 23, 2017. Archived from
3830:
3818:
3800:
3774:
3756:
3715:
3648:
3591:
3540:
3521:
3512:
3493:
3474:
3455:
3429:
3403:
3351:
3329:
3261:
3234:
3225:
3186:
3137:Krugman, Paul (June 13, 2005).
3110:
3034:
3008:
2978:
2960:
2912:
2887:
2862:
2837:
2812:
2787:
2722:
2702:
2678:
2654:
2635:
2617:
2581:
2563:
2545:
2527:
2501:
2456:
2447:
2429:
2415:
2389:
2375:
2357:
2273:
2242:
2223:
2204:
2185:
2163:
2144:
2112:
2082:
2057:
2008:
1984:
1830:
1777:
1759:
1750:
1732:
1707:Public vs. private health care
1670:
1639:
1602:
1576:
1545:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.006
1296:
1084:
1047:2013 session in both chambers.
909:vetoed the bill. State Senator
858:national healthcare expenditure
699:National policies and proposals
577:Healthcare in the United States
336:, generally referred to as the
67:United Nations General Assembly
4926:"Washington State Legislature"
4912:"Washington State Legislature"
4818:Owen Dyer (January 10, 2014).
4094:(wiki with restricted editing)
3016:"Health Care In Rural America"
2170:NHS now four different systems
1524:
1494:
1464:
1415:
1389:
1359:
1333:
1317:
1283:Public health insurance option
1230:American College of Physicians
1222:A 2007 study published in the
986:up again during that session.
670:, although estimates from the
537:Spanish National Health System
442:Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
267:
52:
13:
1:
4870:"Initiative Measure No. 1600"
4702:Central Penn Business Journal
4147:Jack Healy (April 28, 2016).
3616:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33019-3
3046:harvardpublichealthreview.org
2747:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33019-3
2463:Sharon Segel (October 2009).
1786:"How bad is the brain drain?"
1533:Social Science & Medicine
1506:sustainabledevelopment.un.org
1310:
1217:California Nurses Association
1131:. In 2018 a 501(c)(4) called
1122:
885:
727:(SCHIP) represent "forms of '
600:Medicare in the United States
527:in terms of life expectancy.
3553:BMC Health Services Research
3072:BMC Health Services Research
2553:"Seguridad Social:ConΓ³cenos"
2489:. Bloomberg. August 25, 2014
1330:Retrieved: February 1, 2019.
1055:In September 2011, Governor
1037:
899:California State Legislature
879:
803:(S. 1804). An analysis of a
402:
359:The individual systems are:
7:
5461:Publicly funded health care
4971:, Spring 1989; 8(1) 149β57.
4520:September 24, 2015, at the
3343:. New York. July 31, 2009.
3172:"Single Payer System Cost?"
2625:"Documento BOE-A-1997-9021"
1235:
1225:Annals of Internal Medicine
1063:
980:
953:
817:Congressional Budget Office
745:Annals of Internal Medicine
672:Congressional Budget Office
157:publicly funded health care
10:
5497:
5133:December 18, 2012, at the
5114:November 15, 2012, at the
4707:December 15, 2011, at the
4463:September 7, 2012, at the
4406:September 7, 2012, at the
4391:Minutes, January 16, 2009.
3842:December 20, 2012, at the
3784:. Kff.org. July 31, 1995.
3486:November 11, 2011, at the
2715:February 20, 2013, at the
2156:February 16, 2009, at the
1099:Vermont health care reform
1096:
1092:
1050:
591:
580:
574:
565:Euro health consumer index
534:
495:
481:Employees' State Insurance
459:
406:
334:publicly funded healthcare
321:
290:
271:
213:
144:
138:
116:
4598:December 3, 2012, at the
4579:February 3, 2014, at the
4559:January 19, 2014, at the
4539:February 3, 2014, at the
4326:November 6, 2010, at the
4238:January 16, 2014, at the
3825:Marin Independent Journal
3727:October 10, 2013, at the
3566:10.1186/s12913-014-0556-7
3533:October 12, 2011, at the
3505:October 13, 2011, at the
3177:December 6, 2010, at the
2197:January 31, 2009, at the
1910:Federal Research Division
1476:World Health Organization
1278:National health insurance
1072:
1025:, a statewide chapter of
968:
653:Cambridge Health Alliance
491:
274:Healthcare in South Korea
209:
134:
90:National Health Insurance
63:World Health Organization
5322:. National Nurses United
4784:January 8, 2014, at the
4727:January 9, 2016, at the
4233:Single-Payer Is Not Dead
3324:Becker's Hospital Review
3020:Center for Rural Affairs
2467:. Physicians News Digest
2369:www.commonwealthfund.org
2332:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_616_18
2215:. The Health Care Blog.
2160:BBC News, 28 August 2008
2120:"WHO/Europe | Home"
1900:"Taiwan country profile"
1855:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300093
1826:– via www.cmaj.ca.
1289:
1179:Kaiser Family Foundation
1079:Oregon Ballot Measure 23
1009:
530:
502:Healthcare in Israel is
455:
409:Health care in Australia
18:Single-payer health care
5341:Chua, Kao-Ping (2006),
4797:American Medical News:
4688:records.sos.state.or.us
4622:March 17, 2017, at the
3682:10.1073/pnas.2200536119
3139:"One Nation, Uninsured"
1962:10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.77
1031:Maine Healthcare Action
773:National Health Service
771:, the United Kingdom's
763:by then Representative
625:Medicare for All Caucus
604:end-stage renal disease
587:Medicare for All Caucus
468:multi-payer health care
417:is the publicly funded
365:National Health Service
338:National Health Service
280:social health insurance
78:National Health Service
31:Single-payer healthcare
4804:March 2, 2013, at the
4658:www.healthcare-now.org
4501:June 18, 2012, at the
4482:June 18, 2012, at the
3912:Healthy Reform Tracker
3413:. September 13, 2017.
3319:March 2, 2013, at the
3246:July 10, 2017, at the
3213:Cite journal requires
3123:June 19, 2014, at the
3085:10.1186/1472-6963-5-20
2992:. September 17, 2009.
2175:April 3, 2009, at the
1457:March 4, 2016, at the
1343:. September 23, 2017.
1242:All-payer rate setting
1201:National Nurses United
1152:A 2001 article in the
668:preventive health care
649:Harvard Medical School
547:autonomous communities
466:India has a universal
384:Health and Social Care
342:UK permanent residents
206:Canada's top earners.
5466:Universal health care
4444:June 7, 2012, at the
4425:June 7, 2012, at the
4387:June 7, 2012, at the
4276:July 1, 2017, at the
3749:July 1, 2017, at the
3467:May 29, 2005, at the
2573:. November 23, 2013.
1997:June 6, 2008, at the
1452:"Single-Payer System"
1285:("the public option")
1154:public health journal
999:nonbinding referendum
907:Arnold Schwarzenegger
748:, researchers of the
636:preventive healthcare
634:Advocates argue that
419:universal health care
125:universal health care
27:System of health care
4410:, February 25, 2009.
3547:Kahn, James (2014).
2230:Commissioning, NHS.
2033:10.2105/ajph.93.1.48
1677:Socolovsky, Jerome.
757:Medicare for All Act
713:Princeton University
611:Medicare for All Act
583:Medicare for All Act
498:Healthcare in Israel
222:Department of Health
216:Healthcare in Taiwan
141:Healthcare in Canada
59:universal healthcare
35:universal healthcare
4613:"To Save Lives..."
4505:β Bill Number 0008.
4486:β Bill number 0051.
4242:. January 14, 2014.
4231:RealClearPolitics:
3673:2022PNAS..11900536G
3667:(25): e2200536119.
3252:Wall Street Journal
3198:Dollars & Sense
2952:. August 15, 2016.
2541:. October 31, 2015.
2515:. December 18, 2020
2232:"NHS Commissioning"
1990:Fanchiang, Cecilia.
1907:Library of Congress
1711:, December 1, 2006.
1482:on October 21, 2017
1105:Green Mountain Care
733:socialized medicine
623:would be forming a
553:insurance in 2013.
462:Healthcare in India
446:Minister for Health
391:local populations.
230:developed economies
96:History of the term
5471:Health care brands
5456:Health care reform
5316:"Medicare For All"
5295:The New York Times
4153:The New York Times
3610:(10223): 524β533.
3143:The New York Times
3127:February 10, 2012.
2741:(10223): 524β533.
1728:on April 14, 2009.
1620:The New York Times
1425:. March 26, 2014.
645:health care reform
477:unorganized sector
382:Northern Ireland:
5206:. August 4, 2020.
5128:Rasmussen Reports
5109:Rasmussen Reports
4981:Los Angeles Times
4615:The Village Voice
4543:β File number 76.
4524:β File number 18.
3973:Los Angeles Times
3948:on April 21, 2020
3883:. June 23, 2017.
3764:"Proposition 186"
3254:, July 11, 2007,
3022:. August 22, 2007
2970:. June 22, 2017.
2710:What is Medicare?
2425:. April 20, 2021.
2385:. April 21, 2021.
1612:, Retrieved from
1401:healthaffairs.org
1175:Rasmussen Reports
769:Canada's Medicare
719:, U.S. Medicare,
715:health economist
693:Commonwealth Fund
188:Family physicians
161:Canada Health Act
147:Medicare (Canada)
16:(Redirected from
5488:
5451:Health economics
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5389:Ann. Intern. Med
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5349:
5344:Single Payer 101
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5320:medicare4all.org
5312:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5180:. April 24, 2019
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5154:. April 24, 2019
5144:
5138:
5125:
5119:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5066:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5002:
4993:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4874:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4836:10.1136/bmj.g102
4815:
4809:
4795:
4789:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4760:on March 9, 2012
4750:
4744:
4741:Lancaster Online
4738:
4732:
4719:
4713:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4626:
4609:
4603:
4590:
4584:
4571:
4565:
4550:
4544:
4531:
4525:
4512:
4506:
4493:
4487:
4474:
4468:
4455:
4449:
4436:
4430:
4417:
4411:
4398:
4392:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4371:. April 9, 2022.
4365:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4331:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4288:
4282:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4249:
4243:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4095:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4038:The New Republic
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3904:
3889:
3888:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3856:
3847:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3741:
3732:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3694:
3684:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3627:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3544:
3538:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3497:
3491:
3478:
3472:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3333:
3327:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3270:Ann. Intern. Med
3265:
3259:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3201:
3194:Friedman, Gerald
3190:
3184:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3134:
3128:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2766:
2726:
2720:
2708:HealthCare.gov:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:. March 31, 2022
2393:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2291:on April 2, 2015
2287:. Archived from
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2202:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2012:
2006:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1945:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1904:
1896:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1849:(7): 1198β1208.
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1805:
1796:(8): 1028β1029.
1781:
1775:
1774:
1773:on June 4, 2008.
1769:. Archived from
1763:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1724:. Archived from
1718:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1478:. Archived from
1468:
1462:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1186:Democratic Party
1133:Whole Washington
1129:Washington state
1107:. When Governor
1057:Brian Schweitzer
785:bill that became
750:RAND Corporation
729:social insurance
705:U.S. health care
641:health insurance
435:health insurance
427:private hospital
304:Nordic countries
298:Nordic countries
293:Beveridge Report
228:. As with other
21:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5428:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5385:
5381:
5373:
5369:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5299:
5297:
5287:
5283:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5135:Wayback Machine
5126:
5122:
5116:Wayback Machine
5107:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5060:
5059:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5037:"Archived copy"
5035:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5017:
5008:
5003:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4816:
4812:
4806:Wayback Machine
4796:
4792:
4786:Wayback Machine
4777:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4729:Wayback Machine
4720:
4716:
4709:Wayback Machine
4699:
4695:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4624:Wayback Machine
4610:
4606:
4600:Wayback Machine
4591:
4587:
4581:Wayback Machine
4572:
4568:
4561:Wayback Machine
4551:
4547:
4541:Wayback Machine
4532:
4528:
4522:Wayback Machine
4513:
4509:
4503:Wayback Machine
4494:
4490:
4484:Wayback Machine
4475:
4471:
4465:Wayback Machine
4456:
4452:
4446:Wayback Machine
4437:
4433:
4427:Wayback Machine
4418:
4414:
4408:Wayback Machine
4399:
4395:
4389:Wayback Machine
4380:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4357:. June 9, 2021.
4353:
4352:
4348:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4328:Wayback Machine
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4278:Wayback Machine
4268:
4264:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4240:Wayback Machine
4230:
4226:
4211:
4207:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4181:
4174:"Archived copy"
4172:
4171:
4167:
4157:
4155:
4145:
4141:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4098:ballotpedia.org
4093:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
3996:
3992:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3892:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3844:Wayback Machine
3835:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3751:Wayback Machine
3742:
3735:
3729:Wayback Machine
3720:
3716:
3653:
3649:
3596:
3592:
3545:
3541:
3535:Wayback Machine
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3507:Wayback Machine
3498:
3494:
3488:Wayback Machine
3479:
3475:
3469:Wayback Machine
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3326:, Feb. 14, 2013
3321:Wayback Machine
3312:
3305:
3266:
3262:
3248:Wayback Machine
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3187:
3179:Wayback Machine
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3135:
3131:
3125:Wayback Machine
3115:
3111:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2990:Harvard Gazette
2984:
2983:
2979:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2727:
2723:
2717:Wayback Machine
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2640:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2539:The Independent
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2441:Digit Insurance
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2371:. June 5, 2020.
2363:
2362:
2358:
2311:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2243:
2228:
2224:
2209:
2205:
2199:Wayback Machine
2192:BUPA exclusions
2190:
2186:
2177:Wayback Machine
2168:
2164:
2158:Wayback Machine
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2013:
2009:
1999:Wayback Machine
1989:
1985:
1946:
1939:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1640:
1629:
1627:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1459:Wayback Machine
1449:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1238:
1209:Healthcare-NOW!
1194:
1192:Advocacy groups
1146:
1125:
1115:Representative
1101:
1095:
1087:
1075:
1066:
1053:
1040:
1012:
992:
983:
971:
956:
895:Nicholas Petris
888:
876:
874:State proposals
805:Mercatus Center
701:
661:rural residents
597:
590:
579:
573:
539:
533:
500:
494:
473:Ayushman Bharat
464:
458:
423:public hospital
411:
405:
400:
330:devolved matter
326:
320:
308:Beveridge Model
300:
295:
289:
276:
270:
218:
212:
153:
143:
137:
121:
115:
98:
88:, and Taiwan's
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
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5463:
5458:
5453:
5437:
5436:
5414:
5379:
5367:
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5307:
5281:
5263:
5250:Public Citizen
5237:
5223:
5209:
5191:
5165:
5139:
5120:
5101:
5074:
5027:
5005:Health Affairs
4994:
4985:
4973:
4969:Health Affairs
4960:
4945:. PolitiFact.
4931:
4917:
4903:
4889:
4861:
4810:
4790:
4771:
4745:
4733:
4714:
4693:
4675:
4645:
4627:
4604:
4585:
4566:
4545:
4526:
4507:
4488:
4469:
4450:
4431:
4412:
4393:
4374:
4360:
4346:
4332:
4313:
4283:
4271:New York Times
4262:
4244:
4224:
4205:
4165:
4139:
4114:
4082:
4056:
4023:
3990:
3959:
3929:
3890:
3869:
3860:"Bill History"
3848:
3829:
3817:
3799:
3773:
3755:
3733:
3714:
3647:
3590:
3539:
3520:
3511:
3492:
3473:
3454:
3428:
3402:
3376:
3350:
3328:
3303:
3276:(12): 938β45.
3260:
3233:
3224:
3215:|journal=
3185:
3160:
3129:
3109:
3058:
3033:
3007:
2977:
2959:
2937:
2911:
2886:
2861:
2836:
2811:
2786:
2721:
2701:
2677:
2653:
2634:
2616:
2580:
2562:
2544:
2526:
2500:
2478:
2455:
2446:
2428:
2414:
2388:
2374:
2356:
2325:(4): 327β329.
2302:
2285:www.ato.gov.au
2272:
2249:Choices, NHS.
2241:
2222:
2203:
2184:
2182:2 January 2008
2162:
2143:
2111:
2081:
2069:www.nhic.or.kr
2056:
2007:
2003:Taiwan Journal
1983:
1950:Health Affairs
1937:
1912:. March 2005.
1886:
1829:
1776:
1758:
1749:
1731:
1713:
1700:
1669:
1638:
1610:New York Times
1601:
1575:
1566:
1523:
1493:
1463:
1440:
1414:
1388:
1371:Dictionary.com
1358:
1332:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1213:Public Citizen
1193:
1190:
1184:A majority of
1158:Health Affairs
1145:
1144:Public opinion
1142:
1124:
1121:
1097:Main article:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1052:
1049:
1039:
1036:
1011:
1008:
997:Question 4, a
991:
988:
982:
979:
970:
967:
955:
952:
887:
884:
875:
872:
837:Paul Wellstone
700:
697:
575:Main article:
572:
569:
535:Main article:
532:
529:
496:Main article:
493:
490:
460:Main article:
457:
454:
407:Main article:
404:
401:
399:
396:
388:
387:
380:
374:
368:
322:Main article:
319:
318:United Kingdom
316:
299:
296:
288:
285:
272:Main article:
269:
266:
226:Executive Yuan
214:Main article:
211:
208:
139:Main article:
136:
133:
117:Main article:
114:
111:
97:
94:
80:, Australia's
54:
51:
47:United Kingdom
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5493:
5482:
5481:Public health
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
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5424:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5395:(7): 566β67.
5394:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5371:
5353:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5326:September 22,
5321:
5317:
5311:
5300:September 22,
5296:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5233:
5227:
5219:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5195:
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4964:
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4913:
4907:
4899:
4893:
4882:September 25,
4878:
4871:
4865:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4808:May 16, 2011.
4807:
4803:
4800:
4794:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4742:
4737:
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3947:
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3876:
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3865:
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3809:
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3759:
3752:
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3738:
3730:
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3567:
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3529:
3524:
3515:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3421:September 18,
3416:
3412:
3406:
3395:September 18,
3390:
3386:
3380:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3256:Uwe Reinhardt
3253:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3228:
3220:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3140:
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3126:
3122:
3119:
3113:
3105:
3101:
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3091:
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3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3047:
3043:
3037:
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3017:
3011:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2950:dpeaflcio.org
2947:
2941:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2850:
2849:Common Dreams
2846:
2840:
2825:
2824:Common Dreams
2821:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2705:
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2670:
2663:
2657:
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2620:
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2597:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2514:
2513:Bloomberg.com
2510:
2504:
2488:
2482:
2466:
2459:
2453:βΉ2.6 trillion
2450:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2407:September 25,
2402:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2066:
2065:"h-well NHIS"
2060:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1932:public domain
1915:
1911:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1693:September 21,
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1630:September 11,
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1328:The Guardian.
1326:
1320:
1316:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Health equity
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Global health
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1109:Peter Shumlin
1106:
1100:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1061:
1058:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Maine AllCare
1019:
1017:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
990:Massachusetts
987:
978:
976:
966:
963:
961:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
930:
928:
924:
920:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
883:
881:
871:
869:
865:
864:
859:
855:
854:
848:
844:
840:
838:
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
813:
810:
809:Jeffrey Sachs
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
746:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Uwe Reinhardt
714:
711:According to
709:
706:
696:
694:
690:
685:
681:
679:
678:
673:
669:
664:
662:
657:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
601:
595:
588:
584:
578:
571:United States
568:
566:
561:
559:
554:
550:
548:
543:
538:
528:
526:
525:ranked eighth
522:
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