334:
61:
210:
296:
310:
2451:
after hearing Mahāvīra preach at Vītabhya, and he abdicated his throne and became a Jain monk after installing his nephew by his sister, Keśīkumāra, as king of Sindhu-Sauvira, instead of his own son, Abhijitkumāra, who found asylum at the court of
2590:
2316:
2386:, while Sauvīra was the name for the coastal part of the kingdom as well as the inland area to the east of the Indus river as far north as the area of modern-day Multan.
3209:
333:
60:
2444:
a bastion of
Jainism, and the marriages of his daughters to various leaders, in turn, contributed to the spreading of Jainism across northern South Asia.
2848:
2415:
2226:
3219:
2286:
2350:
2256:
2266:
2440:. Ceṭaka had become an adept of the teachings of his nephew Mahāvīra and adopted Jainism, thus making the Licchavika and Vajjika capital of
2411:
2973:
2487:
2477:
3245:
2920:
2889:
2856:
2784:
2732:
2343:
2076:
553:
542:
2676:
2636:
2699:
Young, T. Cuyler (1988). "The consolidation of the empire and its limits of growth under Darius and Xerxes". In
2966:
2336:
585:
343:
3071:
2752:
2700:
2161:
2801:
2389:
The capital of Sindhu-Sauvīra was named Roruka and Vītabhaya or Vītībhaya, and corresponds to the mediaeval
670:
2615:
2611:
2271:
2141:
2686:
2646:
3163:
2776:
2724:
2321:
2580:
Political
History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty
3240:
3204:
2996:
2959:
2291:
2251:
2241:
1716:
1310:
659:
531:
106:
3016:
3011:
2575:
2176:
1090:
930:
2464:. However, Buddhist sources instead claim that Udrāyaṇa embraced Buddhism and was ordained by the
2441:
2281:
2246:
2081:
1861:
1410:
962:
891:
2583:
2196:
2171:
2121:
2061:
1646:
1582:
1380:
596:
471:
2231:
2201:
2066:
2021:
1851:
1490:
1480:
1450:
1182:
1162:
1023:
392:
354:
315:
Location of Sindhu-Sauvīra with respect to the Mahājanapadas and within the
Achaemenid Empire
2551:
2410:
During the 6th to 5th centuries BCE, the Sindhu-Sauvīra was ruled by a powerful king named
2311:
2166:
2151:
2096:
1737:
8:
3199:
2881:
2760:
2708:
2546:
2091:
1819:
1666:
1360:
1340:
752:
700:
2524:
2383:
2296:
2156:
2136:
1781:
1390:
1300:
1070:
1060:
993:
942:
648:
564:
260:
2867:
3158:
3066:
3026:
2916:
2885:
2852:
2780:
2728:
2494:
2306:
2276:
2186:
2181:
2126:
2071:
1901:
1791:
1770:
1726:
1696:
1400:
1330:
1320:
1290:
772:
734:
614:
366:
271:
154:
295:
3214:
3189:
3168:
3132:
2982:
2912:
2756:
2704:
2541:
2504:
2301:
2236:
2206:
2191:
2146:
2131:
2116:
2086:
1981:
1676:
1460:
1370:
1249:
1239:
1192:
1121:
1100:
690:
680:
519:
454:
3194:
3184:
3056:
3046:
3021:
2414:
or Udrāyaṇa or Rudrāyaṇa by various sources. Udāyana was married to the princess
1759:
1748:
1706:
1686:
1604:
1571:
1152:
1080:
1040:
952:
912:
874:
792:
24:
3107:
3061:
3041:
3031:
3001:
2764:
2712:
2465:
2423:
1969:
1921:
1615:
1593:
1561:
1539:
1500:
1430:
1420:
1280:
1013:
823:
325:
126:
20:
3234:
3051:
3036:
1891:
1831:
1656:
1050:
1003:
983:
857:
840:
802:
782:
717:
501:
491:
481:
424:
66:
2509:
2498:
195:
3153:
3087:
2368:
2011:
2001:
1881:
1871:
1801:
1636:
1626:
1510:
1440:
1222:
1142:
762:
626:
574:
442:
2946:: Research Institute of Prakrit, Jainology & Ahimsa. pp. 388–464.
3006:
2935:
2908:
2748:
2453:
2430:
2364:
2031:
1991:
1951:
1350:
1212:
1202:
2382:
Sindhu was the name of the inland area between the Indus River and the
1941:
1841:
1551:
267:
2426:
in north-east South Asia, and was herself thus the cousin of the 24th
3117:
2772:
2720:
1911:
3127:
3102:
2951:
2491:
2437:
2433:
2261:
1172:
637:
414:
404:
263:
240:
228:
116:
3137:
3112:
2536:
2508:
2481:
2461:
2448:
2427:
2419:
1470:
375:
193:
96:
309:
3122:
2904:
2376:
2372:
1270:
2507:, after which it was organised into the satrapy (province) of
3092:
2943:
2939:
2877:
2873:
2844:
2394:
3097:
2840:
2837:
History of Jaina
Monachism from Inscriptions and Literature
2626:
2624:
2457:
2447:
Therefore, according to Jain sources, Udāyana converted to
2390:
1931:
250:
86:
82:
78:
2652:
2621:
301:
Location of Sindhu-Sauvīra during the late Vedic period
244:
19:
For the kingdoms in the
Ramayana and Mahabharata, see
2806:
The Indian
Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research
2523:
The Sauvīra people or country were mentioned in the
2849:
Deccan
College Post-Graduate and Research Institute
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2363:The territory of Sindhu-Sauvīra covered the lower
254:
3232:
2901:Republics in Ancient India, C. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C
2664:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2967:
2344:
278:, and the inhabitants of Sauvīra were called
2574:
274:. The inhabitants of Sindhu were called the
2563:
2460:city of Campā for the count of the king of
2367:Valley, with its southern border being the
2974:
2960:
2802:"Topographical List of the Brihat-Samhita"
2351:
2337:
59:
2478:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
270:whose existence is attested during the
3233:
2929:
2898:
2658:
2630:
2436:, himself the son of Chetaka's sister
2955:
2799:
2747:
2698:
2981:
2865:
2682:
2642:
2607:
2835:Deo, Shantaram Bhalchandra (1956).
2834:
2670:
2471:
65:The Sindhu-Sauvīra kingdom and the
13:
2525:Junâgaḍh inscription of Rudradáman
2371:and its northern border being the
14:
3257:
2930:Sikdar, Jogendra Chandra (1964).
2518:
332:
308:
294:
208:
2793:
2486:In 518 BCE, Sindhu-Sauvīra was
2751:(1988). "The Indus Lands". In
2741:
2692:
586:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
1:
2932:Studies in the Bhagawatīsūtra
2769:The Cambridge Ancient History
2717:The Cambridge Ancient History
2557:
2422:, the consul of the powerful
1516:
1255:
1228:
1127:
1106:
1029:
968:
897:
880:
863:
846:
829:
808:
723:
706:
460:
160:
142:
49:
42:
3246:Kingdoms of the Vedic period
2866:Jain, Kailash Chand (1974).
2510:
2499:
671:Northern Black Polished Ware
196:
7:
2869:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
2530:
2267:Influence on Southeast Asia
285:
255:
245:
10:
3262:
3164:Dodo Bin Khafef Soomro III
2827:
2777:Cambridge University Press
2725:Cambridge University Press
2475:
2418:, who was the daughter of
2405:
2400:
649:Black and Red ware culture
18:
16:Ancient Indo-Aryan kingdom
3177:
3169:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
3146:
3080:
3017:Caliphal province of Sind
2997:Indus Valley Civilisation
2989:
660:Painted Grey Ware culture
532:Indus Valley Civilisation
224:
173:
169:
151:
136:
132:
122:
112:
107:Historical Vedic Religion
102:
92:
74:
58:
41:
34:
3210:Battle of Khari Khabarlo
3012:Brahmin dynasty of Sindh
2576:Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra
1311:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
1291:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
892:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
153:• Conquered by the
69:in the Post Vedic period
1411:Western Chalukya Empire
554:Mature Harappan culture
2899:Sharma, J. P. (1968).
2584:University of Calcutta
2500:Xšāyaθiya Xšāyaθiyānām
2456:, the governor of the
2317:Science and technology
701:Three Crowned Kingdoms
543:Early Harappan culture
358:(2,500,000–250,000 BC)
3108:Mansura (Brahmanabad)
2220:Specialised histories
1491:Kalachuris of Kalyani
1481:Kalachuris of Tripuri
1163:Western Ganga Kingdom
1091:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
1041:Western Satrap Empire
1024:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1014:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
565:Late Harappan culture
326:History of South Asia
93:Common languages
2800:Fleet, J.F. (1893).
2779:. pp. 194–210.
1738:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
1540:Late medieval period
1451:Eastern Ganga Empire
1183:Vishnukundina Empire
3200:Battle of Hyderabad
2882:Motilal Banarsidass
2727:. pp. 53–111.
2547:History of Pakistan
2503:("King of Kings"),
2393:and the modern-day
1820:Early modern period
1667:Vijayanagara Empire
1647:Chitradurga Kingdom
1341:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
753:Shaishunaga dynasty
202:(Achaemenid Empire)
138:• Established
3205:Battle of Fatehpur
3178:Wars & battles
2661:, p. 388-464.
2633:, p. 501-502.
2552:Gandhāra (kingdom)
2384:Sulaiman Mountains
2297:Partition of India
2162:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2110:Regional histories
2055:National histories
1942:Travancore Kingdom
1912:Thondaiman Kingdom
1782:Golkonda Sultanate
1391:Somavamshi Kingdom
1361:Rashtrakuta Empire
1301:Rashidun Caliphate
1223:Kabul Shahi Empire
1071:Nagas of Padmavati
994:Indo-Greek Kingdom
934:(230 BC – AD 1206)
627:Vedic Civilisation
575:Vedic Civilisation
472:Ahar-Banas culture
3228:
3227:
3159:Dollah Darya Khan
3067:Bombay Presidency
3027:Emirate of Multan
2922:978-9-004-02015-3
2891:978-8-120-80805-8
2858:978-9-333-68377-7
2786:978-0-521-22804-6
2757:Hammond, N. G. L.
2734:978-0-521-22804-6
2705:Hammond, N. G. L.
2495:Achaemenid Empire
2361:
2360:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:
1960:
1959:
1862:Thanjavur Kingdom
1810:
1809:
1771:Bijapur Sultanate
1727:Deccan sultanates
1605:Tughlaq Sultanate
1552:Ghaznavid Dynasty
1530:
1529:
1401:Chaulukya Kingdom
1331:Mallabhum kingdom
1321:Umayyad Caliphate
1061:Bharshiva Dynasty
957:(200 BC – AD 300)
947:(230 BC – AD 220)
943:Satavahana Empire
921:
920:
917:(247 BC – AD 224)
773:Macedonian Empire
747:(450 BC – AD 489)
735:Achaemenid Empire
605:
604:
510:
509:
433:
432:
383:
382:
367:Madrasian culture
259:) was an ancient
234:
233:
220:
219:
216:
215:
203:
155:Achaemenid Empire
3253:
3241:History of Sindh
3215:Battle of Kachhi
3190:Battle of Halani
2983:History of Sindh
2976:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2926:
2895:
2862:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2696:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2619:
2605:
2588:
2587:
2572:
2542:History of India
2513:
2502:
2472:Persian conquest
2353:
2346:
2339:
2302:Pakistan studies
2142:Himachal Pradesh
1982:Portuguese India
1978:
1977:
1974:
1932:Sikh Confederacy
1828:
1827:
1824:
1677:Bengal Sultanate
1616:Sayyid Sultanate
1594:Khalji Sultanate
1583:Mamluk Sultanate
1548:
1547:
1544:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1461:Kakatiya Kingdom
1371:Paramara Kingdom
1264:
1260:
1257:
1233:
1230:
1173:Kamarupa Kingdom
1136:
1132:
1129:
1122:Kalabhras Empire
1115:
1111:
1108:
1034:
1031:
1018:(50 BC – AD 400)
998:(180 BC – AD 10)
977:
973:
970:
939:
938:
935:
906:
902:
899:
885:
882:
868:
865:
851:
848:
834:
831:
817:
813:
810:
728:
725:
711:
708:
691:Haryanka dynasty
681:Pradyota dynasty
623:
622:
619:
528:
527:
524:
465:
462:
455:Anarta tradition
451:
450:
447:
415:Mehrgarh culture
405:Bhirrana culture
401:
400:
397:
396:(10,800–3300 BC)
363:
362:
359:
349:
348:
336:
322:
321:
312:
298:
258:
248:
212:
211:
201:
199:
190:
189:
175:
174:
165:
162:
147:
144:
63:
54:
51:
47:
44:
32:
31:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3195:Battle of Miani
3185:Battle of Rasil
3173:
3142:
3076:
3057:Kalhora dynasty
3047:Tarkhan dynasty
3022:Habbari dynasty
2985:
2980:
2950:
2923:
2892:
2859:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2771:. Vol. 4.
2749:Bivar, A. D. H.
2746:
2742:
2735:
2719:. Vol. 4.
2697:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2622:
2606:
2591:
2573:
2564:
2560:
2533:
2521:
2484:
2476:Main articles:
2474:
2408:
2403:
2357:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
1975:
1972:
1970:Colonial states
1962:
1961:
1852:Madurai Kingdom
1825:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1760:Bidar Sultanate
1749:Berar sultanate
1717:Ladakh Kingdom
1707:Gajapati Empire
1687:Garhwal Kingdom
1572:Delhi Sultanate
1545:
1542:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1501:Chutiya Kingdom
1471:Zamorin Kingdom
1262:
1258:
1250:Maukhari Empire
1240:Chalukya Empire
1231:
1193:Maitraka Empire
1134:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1101:Vakataka Empire
1081:Sasanian Empire
1032:
975:
971:
953:Kuninda Kingdom
936:
933:
931:Middle Kingdoms
923:
922:
913:Parthian Empire
904:
900:
883:
866:
849:
832:
815:
811:
726:
709:
620:
617:
607:
606:
525:
522:
512:
511:
463:
448:
445:
435:
434:
425:Edakkal culture
398:
395:
385:
384:
376:Soanian culture
360:
357:
346:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
313:
304:
303:
302:
299:
288:
209:
204:
200:
163:
157:
146: 1000 BCE
145:
139:
70:
52:
46: 1000 BCE
45:
37:
28:
25:Sauvira Kingdom
17:
12:
11:
5:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3220:Battle of Jhok
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3072:British period
3069:
3064:
3062:Talpur dynasty
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:Arghun dynasty
3039:
3034:
3032:Soomra dynasty
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:Sindhu kingdom
2999:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2927:
2921:
2896:
2890:
2884:. p. 66.
2863:
2857:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2792:
2785:
2753:Boardman, John
2740:
2733:
2701:Boardman, John
2691:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2635:
2620:
2589:
2586:. p. 197.
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2520:
2517:
2473:
2470:
2424:Vajjika League
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:Maratha Empire
1918:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1902:Sikkim Kingdom
1898:
1897:
1894:
1892:Marava Kingdom
1888:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:Keladi Kingdom
1788:
1787:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:Mysore Kingdom
1693:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1627:Lodi Sultanate
1622:
1621:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:Ghurid Dynasty
1558:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:Hoysala Empire
1427:
1426:
1423:
1421:Lohara Kingdom
1417:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:Tibetan Empire
1277:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:Kadamba Empire
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
965:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
937:
929:
928:
925:
924:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
894:
888:
887:
877:
875:Pallava Empire
871:
870:
860:
854:
853:
843:
837:
836:
826:
820:
819:
805:
799:
798:
795:
793:Seleucid India
789:
788:
785:
779:
778:
775:
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
741:
740:
737:
731:
730:
720:
718:Maha Janapadas
714:
713:
703:
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
666:
665:
662:
655:
654:
653:(1300–1000 BC)
651:
644:
643:
640:
633:
632:
629:
621:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
602:
599:
592:
591:
590:(2000–1600 BC)
588:
581:
580:
577:
571:
570:
569:(1900–1300 BC)
567:
560:
559:
558:(2600–1900 BC)
556:
549:
548:
547:(3300–2600 BC)
545:
538:
537:
536:(3300–1300 BC)
534:
526:
523:(3300–1300 BC)
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
507:
504:
498:
497:
496:(1600–1300 BC)
494:
488:
487:
484:
478:
477:
476:(3000–1500 BC)
474:
468:
467:
457:
449:
446:(3500–1500 BC)
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
430:
429:(5000–3000 BC)
427:
421:
420:
419:(7000–3300 BC)
417:
411:
410:
409:(7570–6200 BC)
407:
399:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
380:
378:
372:
371:
369:
361:
353:
352:
347:
342:
341:
338:
337:
329:
328:
314:
307:
306:
305:
300:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
287:
284:
246:Sindhu-Sauvīra
237:Sindhu-Sauvīra
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
206:
194:
187:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
167:
166:
164: 518 BCE
158:
152:
149:
148:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
127:Iron Age India
124:
123:Historical era
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
76:
72:
71:
64:
56:
55:
53: 518 BCE
39:
38:
36:Sindhu-Sauvīra
35:
21:Sindhu Kingdom
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3258:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Mughal Empire
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Samma dynasty
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2812:. Bombay: 189
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2673:, p. 71.
2672:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2519:Later history
2516:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Uttar Pradesh
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:Mughal Empire
1830:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:Reddy Kingdom
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:Yadava Empire
1379:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:Harsha Empire
1269:
1268:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:Kushan Empire
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:
984:Shunga Empire
982:
981:
966:
964:
963:Mitra Dynasty
961:
960:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
932:
927:
926:
916:
914:
911:
910:
905: AD 500
901: 250 BC
895:
893:
890:
889:
884: 250 AD
878:
876:
873:
872:
867: 300 BC
861:
859:
856:
855:
850: 300 BC
844:
842:
841:Chera Kingdom
839:
838:
833: 300 BC
827:
825:
824:Pandya Empire
822:
821:
816: 300 AD
812: 300 BC
806:
804:
803:Sangam period
801:
800:
796:
794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:Maurya Empire
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
742:
738:
736:
733:
732:
721:
719:
716:
715:
710: 600 BC
704:
702:
699:
698:
694:
692:
689:
688:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
672:
668:
667:
664:(1200–600 BC)
663:
661:
657:
656:
652:
650:
646:
645:
642:(1500–600 BC)
641:
639:
635:
634:
631:(1500–500 BC)
630:
628:
625:
624:
618:(1500–200 BC)
616:
611:
610:
601:(1600–500 BC)
600:
598:
594:
593:
589:
587:
583:
582:
579:(2000–500 BC)
578:
576:
573:
572:
568:
566:
562:
561:
557:
555:
551:
550:
546:
544:
540:
539:
535:
533:
530:
529:
521:
516:
515:
506:(1400–700 BC)
505:
503:
502:Jorwe culture
500:
499:
495:
493:
492:Malwa culture
490:
489:
486:(1600–750 BC)
485:
483:
482:Pandu culture
480:
479:
475:
473:
470:
469:
458:
456:
453:
452:
444:
439:
438:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
416:
413:
412:
408:
406:
403:
402:
394:
389:
388:
379:
377:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
356:
351:
350:
345:
340:
339:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
323:
311:
297:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
257:
256:Sindhu-Sovīra
252:
247:
242:
238:
230:
227:
225:Today part of
223:
207:
205:
198:
192:
191:
188:
186:
185:
182:
179:
177:
176:
172:
168:
159:
156:
150:
141:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
67:Mahājanapadas
62:
57:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3154:Hoshu Sheedi
3088:Mohenjo-daro
2931:
2900:
2868:
2836:
2816:13 September
2814:. Retrieved
2809:
2805:
2795:
2768:
2761:Lewis, D. M.
2743:
2716:
2709:Lewis, D. M.
2694:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2638:
2579:
2522:
2485:
2446:
2409:
2388:
2381:
2369:Indian Ocean
2362:
2242:Demographics
2232:Architecture
2012:French India
2002:Danish India
1882:Bengal Subah
1872:Bhoi dynasty
1802:Koch Kingdom
1637:Ahom Kingdom
1511:Deva Kingdom
1203:Huna Kingdom
1143:Gupta Empire
1045:(AD 35–405 )
1004:Kanva Empire
976: 50 BC
858:Chola Empire
797:(312–303 BC)
787:(321–184 BC)
777:(330–323 BC)
767:(380–321 BC)
763:Nanda Empire
757:(424–345 BC)
739:(550–330 BC)
695:(684–424 BC)
685:(799–684 BC)
675:(700–200 BC)
597:Swat culture
443:Chalcolithic
355:Palaeolithic
279:
275:
236:
235:
181:Succeeded by
180:
29:
3007:Rai dynasty
2936:Muzaffarpur
2913:E. J. Brill
2909:Netherlands
2765:Ostwald, M.
2713:Ostwald, M.
2659:Sikdar 1964
2631:Sikdar 1964
2431:Tīrthaṅkara
2227:Agriculture
2197:South India
2172:Maharashtra
2122:Balochistan
2062:Afghanistan
2036:(1858–1947)
2032:British Raj
2026:(1757–1858)
2022:Company Raj
2016:(1759–1954)
2006:(1620–1869)
1996:(1605–1825)
1992:Dutch India
1986:(1510–1961)
1973:(1510–1961)
1956:(1799–1849)
1952:Sikh Empire
1946:(1729–1947)
1936:(1707–1799)
1926:(1674–1818)
1916:(1650–1948)
1906:(1642–1975)
1896:(1600–1750)
1886:(1576–1757)
1876:(1541–1804)
1866:(1532–1673)
1856:(1529–1736)
1846:(1540–1556)
1836:(1526–1858)
1823:(1526–1858)
1806:(1515–1947)
1796:(1499–1763)
1786:(1518–1687)
1775:(1492–1686)
1764:(1492–1619)
1753:(1490–1574)
1742:(1490–1636)
1731:(1490–1596)
1721:(1470–1842)
1711:(1434–1541)
1701:(1399–1947)
1691:(1358–1803)
1681:(1352–1576)
1671:(1336–1646)
1661:(1325–1448)
1651:(1300–1779)
1641:(1228–1826)
1631:(1451–1526)
1620:(1414–1451)
1609:(1320–1414)
1598:(1290–1320)
1587:(1206–1290)
1576:(1206–1526)
1566:(1170–1206)
1543:(1206–1526)
1524: 1300
1520: 1200
1505:(1187–1673)
1495:(1156–1184)
1475:(1102–1766)
1465:(1083–1323)
1455:(1078–1434)
1445:(1070–1230)
1441:Sena Empire
1435:(1040–1347)
1425:(1003–1320)
1351:Pala Empire
1213:Rai Kingdom
1055:(AD 60–240)
988:(185–73 BC)
744:Ror Dynasty
464: 3950
266:of western
3235:Categories
2685:, p.
2645:, p.
2610:, p.
2558:References
2416:Prabhāvatī
2307:Philosophy
2287:Metallurgy
2277:Literature
2202:Tamil Nadu
2067:Bangladesh
1842:Sur Empire
1556:(977–1186)
1522: – c.
1485:(675–1210)
1415:(973–1189)
1405:(942–1244)
1395:(882–1110)
1385:(850–1334)
1375:(800–1327)
1355:(750–1174)
1335:(694–1947)
1315:(650–1036)
1295:(624–1075)
1263: 700
1261: – c.
1259: 550
1232: 500
1177:(350–1100)
1167:(350–1000)
1135: 600
1133: – c.
1131: 250
1114: 500
1112: – c.
1110: 250
1033: 130
1008:(75–26 BC)
974: – c.
972: 150
903: – c.
869:– AD 1279)
852:– AD 1102)
835:– AD 1345)
814: – c.
727: 600
712:– AD 1600)
520:Bronze Age
280:Sauvīrakas
276:Saindhavas
268:South Asia
261:Indo-Aryan
113:Government
3133:Hyderabad
3118:Agham Kot
2773:Cambridge
2721:Cambridge
2683:Jain 1974
2643:Jain 1974
2608:Jain 1974
2488:conquered
2257:Education
2247:Dynasties
2167:Rajasthan
2152:Karnataka
2097:Sri Lanka
1365:(753–982)
1345:(736–916)
1325:(661–750)
1305:(632–661)
1285:(618–841)
1275:(606–647)
1244:(543–753)
1217:(489–632)
1207:(475–576)
1197:(475–767)
1187:(420–624)
1157:(345–525)
1147:(280–550)
1095:(230–360)
1085:(224–651)
1075:(210–340)
1065:(170–350)
1028:(AD 21 –
886:– AD 800)
638:Janapadas
466:–1900 BC)
393:Neolithic
103:Religion
87:Vītībhaya
83:Vītabhaya
3128:Khudabad
3113:Umer Kot
3103:Banbhore
3081:Capitals
2767:(eds.).
2715:(eds.).
2671:Deo 1956
2578:(1953).
2531:See also
2505:Darius I
2434:Mahāvīra
2322:Timeline
2312:Religion
2292:Military
2282:Maritime
2272:Language
2262:Indology
2092:Pakistan
2082:Maldives
1780: –
1769: –
1758: –
1747: –
1736: –
1625: –
1614: –
1603: –
1592: –
1581: –
729:–300 BC)
669: –
658: –
647: –
636: –
615:Iron Age
595: –
584: –
563: –
552: –
541: –
286:Location
272:Iron Age
241:Sanskrit
229:Pakistan
117:Monarchy
97:Prakrits
3138:Karachi
2990:Periods
2828:Sources
2537:Sindhis
2492:Persian
2490:by the
2482:Hindush
2462:Magadha
2449:Jainism
2438:Trisalā
2412:Udāyana
2406:Kingdom
2401:History
2375:around
2252:Economy
2237:Coinage
2157:Kashmir
2137:Gujarat
1234:– 1026)
344:Outline
264:kingdom
75:Capital
3147:People
3123:Thatta
2919:
2905:Leiden
2888:
2855:
2783:
2731:
2511:Hiⁿdūš
2466:Buddha
2458:Āṅgeya
2454:Kūṇika
2442:Vesālī
2420:Ceṭaka
2377:Multān
2373:Pañjāb
2187:Odisha
2182:Punjab
2127:Bengal
2072:Bhutan
197:Hiⁿdūš
79:Roruka
3093:Debal
2944:India
2940:Bihar
2878:India
2874:Delhi
2845:India
2395:Rohṛī
2391:Arohṛ
2365:Indus
2207:Tibet
2192:Sindh
2147:Kabul
2132:Bihar
2117:Assam
2087:Nepal
2077:India
3098:Aror
2917:ISBN
2886:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2841:Pune
2818:2015
2781:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2480:and
2428:Jain
251:Pāli
23:and
2616:210
2612:209
2497:'s
81:or
3237::
2942:,
2938:,
2934:.
2915:.
2911::
2907:,
2903:.
2880::
2876:,
2872:.
2851:.
2847::
2843:,
2839:.
2810:22
2808:.
2804:.
2775::
2763:;
2759:;
2755:;
2723::
2711:;
2707:;
2703:;
2687:67
2647:66
2623:^
2592:^
2582:.
2565:^
2527:.
2515:.
2468:.
2397:.
2379:.
1517:c.
1256:c.
1229:c.
1128:c.
1107:c.
1030:c.
969:c.
898:c.
881:c.
864:c.
847:c.
830:c.
809:c.
724:c.
707:c.
461:c.
282:.
253::
249:;
243::
161:c.
143:c.
50:c.
43:c.
2975:e
2968:t
2961:v
2925:.
2894:.
2861:.
2820:.
2789:.
2737:.
2689:.
2649:.
2618:.
2614:-
2352:e
2345:t
2338:v
1526:)
1515:(
1265:)
1254:(
1227:(
1137:)
1126:(
1116:)
1105:(
1035:)
978:)
967:(
907:)
896:(
879:(
862:(
845:(
828:(
818:)
807:(
722:(
705:(
459:(
239:(
85:/
48:–
27:.
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