33:
547:
574:
603:
516:
86:
615:
528:
562:
401:
61:
438:. It is a common species, having adapted well to urban environments and thriving around shopping centres and garbage dumps. Their successful adaption to urban habitats have seen their population increase in areas of human activity, with the availability of nesting grounds the only limiting factor on population growth.
495:
586:
413:
The head, body, and tail of an adult silver gull are white, and the wings are light grey with white-spotted, black tips. Adults range from 40–45cm (15-17 Inches) in length. Their wingspan ranges from 271 to 314mm (10-12 Inches). Adults have bright red beaks which gets brighter during breeding or when
482:
Breeding occurs from August to
December, typically in large colonies on offshore islands. The nest is located on the ground and consists of seaweed, roots, and plant stems. The nests may be found in low shrubs, rocks and jetties. Typical clutch size is one to three eggs. Often two broods are raised
497:
502:
500:
496:
590:
501:
588:
503:
499:
589:
473:
The silver gull naturally feeds on worms, fish, insects and crustaceans. It is a successful scavenger, allowing increased numbers near human settlements. It is known to pester humans for scraps and steal unattended food.
587:
498:
515:
602:
1790:
1596:
1962:
1648:
284:
1932:
527:
730:
614:
1460:
1777:
1570:
1803:
1609:
546:
1852:
1808:
1614:
465:
The silver gull has a sharp voice consisting of a variety of calls. The most common call is a harsh, high pitched 'kwarwh'.
573:
32:
889:
846:
805:
769:
1957:
1904:
1697:
1952:
1653:
924:
268:. It has been found throughout the continent, but particularly at or near coastal areas. It is smaller than the
1947:
1829:
1635:
85:
897:
Phylogenetic relationships within the
Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers.
849:(2000): Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds.
1942:
1482:
1487:
880:
685:
663:
534:
1909:
1844:
1702:
1663:
1500:
859:
1937:
1099:
561:
454:
1896:
1715:
1136:
1022:
384:
239:
1883:
1689:
1795:
1751:
1601:
1422:
1405:
1328:
374:
228:
197:
1821:
1627:
1474:
1878:
1684:
1069:
1064:
280:
180:
1870:
1756:
1557:
1469:
1333:
1032:
734:
538:
8:
1387:
1267:
1262:
917:
640:
50:
1508:
1272:
1227:
1181:
1146:
1074:
1042:
997:
335:
80:
1865:
1764:
1531:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1232:
1141:
1104:
1094:
1007:
992:
982:
885:
801:
765:
1769:
1536:
1369:
1237:
1057:
1012:
937:
658:
1523:
1513:
1742:
1671:
1216:
1202:
1126:
1017:
987:
388:
365:
361:
330:
298:
291:
217:
157:
137:
1834:
1640:
1308:
910:
305:
1926:
1816:
1622:
1445:
1176:
1089:
1047:
851:
649:
446:
442:
435:
70:
65:
689:
1221:
1171:
1079:
1052:
1037:
977:
450:
343:
269:
902:
1891:
1676:
1583:
1454:
1290:
1242:
1162:
1151:
1117:
1002:
431:
733:. Birds in Backyards, Australian Museum. 23 January 2007. Archived from
483:
in a year, and both adults share nest-building, incubation and feeding.
400:
1782:
1710:
1575:
1351:
1131:
347:
1588:
1319:
1191:
1186:
1084:
1027:
521:
Foraging by oscillating its foot in sand at low tide to uncover prey.
265:
97:
1549:
1416:
821:
457:, in autumn 1996. Both are believed to have escaped from captivity.
1736:
1439:
1400:
117:
1562:
1495:
955:
328:, as is the case with many gulls, but is now placed in the genus
147:
1857:
422:
Juveniles have brown patterns on their wings, and a dark beak.
311:), but is a much larger, robust gull with no overlap in range.
107:
430:
Silver gulls are found in all states of
Australia, as well as
1544:
968:
946:
324:
320:
620:
On
Michaelmas Cay, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia
933:
800:. Sydney, Australia: HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 111.
553:
261:
127:
283:, which is called "silver gull" in many other languages (
364:, 1912) – north and northeast Australia, New Caledonia,
1085:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
638:
608:
Mature adult on the pier of Green Island east of Cairns
445:; one bird was shot in August 1947 at the mouth of the
509:
A silver gull performs its distinctive screaming call.
899:
795:
764:(Revised ed.). CSIRO. 2019. pp. 100–101.
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
664:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T62021891A132670177.en
895:Pons J.M., Hassanin, A., and Crochet P.A.(2005).
1924:
279:The silver gull should not be confused with the
959:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
708:
918:
441:Silver gulls have twice been recorded in the
932:
684:
425:
1137:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
925:
911:
59:
31:
662:
377:, 1826) – southern Australia and Tasmania
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
399:
346:was formerly sometimes considered to be
319:It has traditionally been placed in the
1925:
1238:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
796:Pizzey, Graham; Knight, Frank (1997).
1421:
1420:
906:
862:: 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)1172.0.CO;2.
798:Field Guide to the Birds of Australia
778:
696:. International Ornithologists' Union
596:In flight, near Gold Coast, Australia
1963:Taxa named by James Francis Stephens
1845:d15aae83-7b7d-41f3-802f-197262409be7
1664:e28a655c-f99f-41c9-9d5d-613604e9c7fc
756:
754:
752:
1933:IUCN Red List least concern species
650:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
632:
13:
869:
678:
453:, and another was photographed in
276:), which also lives in Australia.
14:
1974:
749:
639:BirdLife International. (2018).
613:
601:
584:
572:
560:
545:
526:
514:
493:
84:
1716:Chroicocephalus-novaehollandiae
1488:Chroicocephalus_novaehollandiae
1461:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
1431:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
688:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
257:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
190:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
847:American Ornithologists' Union
839:
814:
395:
1:
690:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
625:
533:Egg and nestlings in nest at
460:
353:There are three subspecies:
7:
694:World Bird List Version 9.2
477:
417:
314:
10:
1979:
535:Phillip Island Nature Park
486:
468:
1726:
1429:
1396:
1378:
1360:
1342:
1317:
1299:
1281:
1200:
1160:
1115:
966:
945:
762:The Australian Bird Guide
657:: e.T62021891A132670177.
210:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
30:
25:
1100:Lesser black-backed gull
1028:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
875:Harrison, Peter (1988):
455:Salem County, New Jersey
426:Distribution and habitat
408:
1958:Birds described in 1826
1023:Great black-backed gull
404:Juvenile (first winter)
172:C. novaehollandiae
1953:Birds of New Caledonia
1406:Hybridisation in gulls
1329:Black-legged kittiwake
405:
260:) is the most common
1879:Paleobiology Database
1728:Larus novaehollandiae
1685:Paleobiology Database
1475:Larus_novaehollandiae
1070:American herring gull
1065:European herring gull
822:"Silver Gull - eBird"
643:Larus novaehollandiae
403:
371:C. n. novaehollandiae
224:C. n. novaehollandiae
42:C. n. novaehollandiae
1948:Birds of New Zealand
1334:Red-legged kittiwake
1033:Glaucous-winged gull
350:of the silver gull.
1388:Swallow-tailed gull
1263:Slender-billed gull
51:Conservation status
1943:Birds of Australia
1509:BirdLife-Australia
1147:Mediterranean gull
1075:Yellow-legged gull
1043:Yellow-footed gull
567:Immature in flight
406:
1920:
1919:
1866:Open Tree of Life
1423:Taxon identifiers
1414:
1413:
1401:Gull eggs as food
1258:Black-headed gull
1253:Brown-headed gull
1248:Black-billed gull
1233:Brown-hooded gull
1095:Slaty-backed gull
1008:Short-billed gull
993:Black-tailed gull
892:
591:
504:
248:
247:
243:
232:
221:
74:
1970:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1899:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:NHMSYS0001689535
1825:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1692:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1641:NHMSYS0021274106
1631:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1501:12BA47BF83060F62
1491:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1418:
1417:
1268:Bonaparte's gull
1013:Ring-billed gull
927:
920:
913:
904:
903:
884:
881:Christopher Helm
863:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
818:
812:
811:
793:
776:
775:
758:
747:
746:
744:
742:
737:on 13 April 2010
727:
706:
705:
703:
701:
682:
676:
675:
673:
671:
666:
636:
617:
605:
593:
592:
576:
564:
549:
530:
518:
506:
505:
414:they get older.
381:C. n. scopulinus
288:Larus argentatus
237:
235:C. n. scopulinus
226:
215:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
35:
23:
22:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1938:Chroicocephalus
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1683:
1675:
1672:Observation.org
1670:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1425:
1415:
1410:
1392:
1374:
1356:
1338:
1313:
1295:
1277:
1273:Saunders's gull
1228:Hartlaub's gull
1217:Red-billed gull
1203:Chroicocephalus
1196:
1182:Franklin's gull
1156:
1127:White-eyed gull
1111:
1018:California gull
998:Heermann's gull
962:
941:
931:
872:
870:Further reading
867:
866:
844:
840:
830:
828:
820:
819:
815:
808:
794:
779:
772:
760:
759:
750:
740:
738:
729:
728:
709:
699:
697:
683:
679:
669:
667:
637:
633:
628:
621:
618:
609:
606:
597:
594:
585:
580:
577:
568:
565:
556:
550:
541:
531:
522:
519:
510:
507:
494:
489:
480:
471:
463:
428:
420:
411:
398:
389:red-billed gull
366:Loyalty Islands
336:Hartlaub's gull
331:Chroicocephalus
317:
302:Goéland argenté
285:scientific name
274:Larus pacificus
233:
222:
201:
194:
188:
175:
159:Chroicocephalus
138:Charadriiformes
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
19:
18:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1707:
1694:
1681:
1668:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1451:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:Audouin's gull
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:Heuglin's gull
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Belcher's gull
980:
974:
972:
964:
963:
961:
960:
951:
949:
943:
942:
930:
929:
922:
915:
907:
901:
900:
893:
871:
868:
865:
864:
858:(3): 847–858.
838:
813:
806:
777:
770:
748:
707:
677:
630:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
612:
610:
607:
600:
598:
595:
583:
581:
578:
571:
569:
566:
559:
557:
551:
544:
542:
532:
525:
523:
520:
513:
511:
508:
492:
488:
485:
479:
476:
470:
467:
462:
459:
427:
424:
419:
416:
410:
407:
397:
394:
393:
392:
378:
368:
358:C. n. forsteri
316:
313:
246:
245:
213:C. n. forsteri
208:
207:
203:
202:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1975:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1370:Sabine's gull
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Laughing gull
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:Armenian gull
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:Thayer's gull
1056:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Glaucous gull
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
971:
970:
965:
958:
957:
953:
952:
950:
948:
944:
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731:"Silver Gull"
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391:– New Zealand
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340:C. hartlaubii
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66:Least Concern
56:
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38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
1727:
1430:
1379:
1361:
1343:
1318:
1301:Rhodostethia
1300:
1283:Hydrocoloeus
1282:
1222:Huahine gull
1211:
1201:
1172:Dolphin gull
1161:
1116:
1080:Caspian gull
1053:Iceland gull
1038:Western gull
988:Olrog's gull
978:Pacific gull
967:
954:
896:
876:
855:
850:
841:
829:. Retrieved
825:
816:
797:
761:
739:. Retrieved
735:the original
698:. Retrieved
693:
680:
668:. Retrieved
654:
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481:
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451:Lake Ontario
440:
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380:
370:
357:
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344:South Africa
339:
329:
323:
318:
308:
301:
294:
287:
281:herring gull
278:
273:
270:Pacific gull
256:
255:
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223:
212:
211:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
41:
26:Silver gull
20:
15:
1892:SeaLifeBase
1584:iNaturalist
1514:silver-gull
1455:Wikispecies
1309:Ross's gull
1291:Little gull
1243:Andean gull
1212:Silver gull
1163:Leucophaeus
1152:Relict gull
1118:Ichthyaetus
1003:Common gull
879:(2nd ed.).
686:Gill, Frank
432:New Zealand
396:Description
387:, 1844) or
385:Forster, JR
309:zilvermeeuw
252:silver gull
242:, JR, 1844)
206:Subspecies
44:, Tasmania
1927:Categories
1711:Xeno-canto
1352:Ivory gull
1132:Sooty gull
940:: Laridae)
883:, London.
831:3 December
670:19 October
626:References
348:subspecies
295:Silbermöwe
1743:Q26934488
1344:Pagophila
1192:Grey gull
1187:Lava gull
826:ebird.org
461:Behaviour
266:Australia
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1822:62021891
1796:11212116
1757:62021891
1752:BirdLife
1737:Wikidata
1628:62021891
1602:11800275
1563:45516170
1440:Wikidata
1380:Creagrus
877:Seabirds
539:Victoria
478:Breeding
418:Juvenile
375:Stephens
315:Taxonomy
229:Stephens
198:Stephens
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1783:2481161
1576:6065811
1550:silgul1
1524:silgul1
1496:Avibase
1446:Q782038
956:Species
700:24 June
579:Bathing
552:Eggs -
487:Gallery
469:Feeding
362:Mathews
240:Forster
231:, 1826)
220:, 1912)
218:Mathews
200:, 1826)
154:Genus:
148:Laridae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1910:343915
1884:143806
1871:887696
1858:343915
1842:NZOR:
1809:176860
1703:707545
1690:367996
1661:NZOR:
1615:824039
1589:144507
938:family
888:
804:
768:
741:10 May
299:French
292:German
40:Adult
1905:WoRMS
1897:75092
1791:IRMNG
1770:3SBQS
1698:WoRMS
1677:73061
1597:IRMNG
1545:eBird
1537:5YGFR
1521:BOW:
1320:Rissa
969:Larus
947:Genus
934:Gulls
409:Adult
342:) of
325:Larus
321:genus
306:Dutch
1853:OBIS
1817:IUCN
1804:ITIS
1778:GBIF
1654:8916
1649:NCBI
1623:IUCN
1610:ITIS
1571:GBIF
1362:Xema
886:ISBN
833:2023
802:ISBN
766:ISBN
743:2009
702:2019
672:2021
655:2018
554:MHNT
434:and
262:gull
250:The
128:Aves
1830:NBN
1765:CoL
1636:NBN
1558:EoL
1532:CoL
1483:AFD
1470:ADW
860:DOI
856:117
852:Auk
659:doi
264:of
1929::
1907::
1894::
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824:.
780:^
751:^
710:^
692:.
653:.
647:.
537:,
449:,
334:.
304:,
297:,
290:,
1224:†
936:(
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919:t
912:v
845:*
835:.
810:.
774:.
745:.
704:.
674:.
661::
645:"
641:"
383:(
373:(
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196:(
73:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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