425:
31:
413:
377:
91:
401:
66:
373:
This species is mostly white, with dark wings and back, and a very thick (when compared to other gull species), powerful, red-tipped yellow bill. They have salt glands that secrete salty water through the nostrils. Young birds are mottled-brown all over, and attain their adult plumage only gradually; by its fourth year, a young
Pacific gull has usually become difficult to tell apart from an adult bird.
372:
Pacific gulls are the only large gulls in their range, besides the occasional kelp gull. This species can range in length from 58 to 66 cm (23 to 26 in) and span 137 to 157 cm (54 to 62 in) across the wings. They typically weigh from 900 to 1,180 g (1.98 to 2.60 lb).
310:(sand flatheads) and cephalopods, both of which are sourced from their regular consumption of waste from fish which have been cleaned on wharves and beaches. Additionally, they may eat insects, eggs, and other seabirds.
275:, and nowhere near as common, Pacific gulls are usually seen alone or in pairs, loafing around the shoreline, steadily patrolling high above the edge of the water, or (sometimes) zooming high on the breeze to drop a
393:
is commonly found even on exposed shores. Both subspecies nest in pairs or loose colonies on offshore islands, making a cup of grasses and sticks in an exposed position, and laying two or three mottled brown eggs.
595:
299:
1601:
564:
603:
424:
1396:
1435:
1561:
1370:
291:
The gulls' diet consists of a number various fish species and invertebrates. They frequently consume crabs, most often the species
1409:
1481:
662:
1414:
412:
1591:
1586:
1581:
676:
1571:
693:
313:
The gulls may be found scavenging abattoirs and in rubbish tips, where they will often steal food from other birds.
1596:
1520:
1440:
544:"The significance of rubbish tips as an additional food source for the Kelp Gull and the Pacific Gull in Tasmania"
727:
264:
in the east, although it has become scarce in some parts of the south-east, as a result of competition from the
257:
1272:
322:
220:
201:
1576:
624:
473:
1525:
1460:
1263:
30:
902:
90:
1512:
939:
825:
306:
1401:
1295:
1225:
1208:
1131:
543:
293:
1427:
872:
867:
558:
185:
1499:
1357:
1300:
1136:
835:
508:
497:"Diets of the Pacific Gull Larus pacificus and the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus in Tasmania"
8:
1190:
1070:
1065:
720:
450:
400:
55:
42:
512:
1308:
1277:
1075:
1030:
984:
949:
877:
845:
800:
85:
1494:
1331:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1035:
944:
907:
897:
810:
795:
785:
689:
658:
524:
361:
1450:
579:
1336:
1313:
1172:
1040:
860:
815:
740:
516:
468:
376:
1323:
1538:
1468:
1019:
1005:
929:
820:
790:
357:
142:
1566:
1111:
713:
326:
1555:
1422:
1248:
979:
892:
850:
685:
528:
459:
334:
75:
70:
628:
389:, the nominate eastern race prefers sheltered beaches, and the western race
1024:
974:
882:
855:
840:
705:
1507:
1473:
1383:
1287:
1257:
1093:
1045:
1014:
965:
954:
920:
805:
272:
1533:
1375:
1154:
934:
386:
341:
280:
520:
1122:
994:
989:
887:
830:
681:
276:
265:
253:
102:
1388:
1349:
1219:
496:
1242:
1203:
349:
122:
46:
758:
541:
152:
1486:
1362:
581:
Supplementum indicis ornithologici sive systematis ornithologiae
261:
112:
321:
The
Pacific gull was first described by English ornithologist
1344:
771:
749:
162:
736:
442:
249:
132:
551:
584:(in Latin). London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. lxviii.
888:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
673:
448:
329:drawing, where the local name had been recorded as
602:. The Natural History Museum. 2007. Archived from
474:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694279A132537859.en
1553:
542:Coulson, G.M. & Coulson, R.I. (March 1983).
762:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
268:, which has "self-introduced" since the 1940s.
494:
721:
596:""Pacific Gull", native name "Troo-gad-dill""
495:Coulson, Ruth; Coulson, Graeme (1993-03-01).
674:del Hoyo, J; Elliot, A; Sargatal, J (1996).
563:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
380:Adult and juveniles, Cape Woolamai, Victoria
735:
623:
940:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
728:
714:
64:
29:
1602:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)
472:
375:
647:
1554:
1041:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
577:
1224:
1223:
709:
635:. International Ornithologists' Union
333:. Its specific epithet refers to the
1461:e662bedd-7ca2-4818-add0-4191d0b9d55b
657:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (1991),
1562:IUCN Red List least concern species
460:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
677:Handbook of the Birds of the World
667:
617:
344:are recognised: the nominate race
256:. It is moderately common between
14:
1613:
655:Seabirds: An Identification Guide
418:Juvenile, Cape Woolamai, Victoria
423:
411:
399:
271:Much larger than the ubiquitous
89:
627:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
449:BirdLife International (2018).
600:First Fleet Artwork Collection
588:
571:
535:
488:
367:
348:from the south-east coast and
1:
629:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
435:
7:
633:World Bird List Version 9.2
316:
10:
1618:
1592:Endemic birds of Australia
1587:Birds of Western Australia
430:Adult, Freycinet, Tasmania
252:, native to the coasts of
1582:Birds of Victoria (state)
1232:
1199:
1181:
1163:
1145:
1120:
1102:
1084:
1003:
963:
918:
769:
748:
501:Emu - Austral Ornithology
467:: e.T22694279A132537859.
214:
209:
191:
184:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
37:
28:
23:
1572:Birds of South Australia
903:Lesser black-backed gull
831:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1597:Birds described in 1801
826:Great black-backed gull
307:Platycephalus bassensis
304:They also commonly eat
286:
1209:Hybridisation in gulls
1132:Black-legged kittiwake
381:
294:Ovalipes australiensis
873:American herring gull
868:European herring gull
578:Latham, John (1801).
379:
300:Paragrapsus gaimardii
1137:Red-legged kittiwake
836:Glaucous-winged gull
1191:Swallow-tailed gull
1066:Slender-billed gull
513:1993EmuAO..93...50C
56:Conservation status
43:Freycinet Peninsula
1309:BirdLife-Australia
950:Mediterranean gull
878:Yellow-legged gull
846:Yellow-footed gull
382:
248:) is a very large
1577:Birds of Tasmania
1549:
1548:
1495:Open Tree of Life
1226:Taxon identifiers
1217:
1216:
1204:Gull eggs as food
1061:Black-headed gull
1056:Brown-headed gull
1051:Black-billed gull
1036:Brown-hooded gull
898:Slaty-backed gull
811:Short-billed gull
796:Black-tailed gull
663:978-0-395-60291-1
653:Harrison, Peter,
521:10.1071/MU9930050
362:Western Australia
260:in the west, and
236:
235:
231:
224:
177:L. pacificus
79:
1609:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1477:
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1443:
1431:
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1418:
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1405:
1404:
1392:
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1379:
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1366:
1365:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1221:
1220:
1071:Bonaparte's gull
816:Ring-billed gull
730:
723:
716:
707:
706:
700:
699:
671:
665:
651:
645:
644:
642:
640:
621:
615:
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569:
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562:
554:
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539:
533:
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415:
403:
229:
219:
197:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
33:
21:
20:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1539:Larus-pacificus
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1469:Observation.org
1467:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1278:Larus_pacificus
1276:
1271:
1264:Larus pacificus
1262:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1234:Larus pacificus
1228:
1218:
1213:
1195:
1177:
1159:
1141:
1116:
1098:
1080:
1076:Saunders's gull
1031:Hartlaub's gull
1020:Red-billed gull
1006:Chroicocephalus
999:
985:Franklin's gull
959:
930:White-eyed gull
914:
821:California gull
801:Heermann's gull
765:
744:
734:
704:
703:
696:
680:. Vol. 3.
672:
668:
652:
648:
638:
636:
622:
618:
609:
607:
594:
593:
589:
576:
572:
556:
555:
546:
540:
536:
493:
489:
479:
477:
453:Larus pacificus
447:
443:
438:
431:
428:
419:
416:
407:
404:
384:
370:
358:South Australia
346:L. p. pacificus
325:in 1801 from a
319:
289:
245:Larus pacificus
225:
217:L. p. pacificus
205:
199:
195:Larus pacificus
193:
180:
143:Charadriiformes
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
39:L. p. pacificus
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1478:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1282:
1269:
1254:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
945:Audouin's gull
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
916:
915:
913:
912:
911:
910:
908:Heuglin's gull
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
864:
863:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
786:Belcher's gull
783:
777:
775:
767:
766:
764:
763:
754:
752:
746:
745:
733:
732:
725:
718:
710:
702:
701:
694:
666:
646:
616:
587:
570:
534:
487:
440:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
429:
422:
420:
417:
410:
408:
405:
398:
369:
366:
327:Thomas Watling
318:
315:
288:
285:
234:
233:
212:
211:
207:
206:
200:
189:
188:
182:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1614:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1173:Sabine's gull
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:Laughing gull
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
968:
967:
962:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
923:
922:
917:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Armenian gull
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
862:
861:Thayer's gull
859:
858:
857:
854:
852:
851:Glaucous gull
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
774:
773:
768:
761:
760:
756:
755:
753:
751:
747:
742:
738:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
712:
711:
708:
697:
695:84-87334-20-2
691:
687:
686:Lynx Edicions
683:
679:
678:
670:
664:
660:
656:
650:
634:
630:
626:
620:
606:on 2009-02-10
605:
601:
597:
591:
583:
582:
574:
566:
560:
552:
545:
538:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
491:
475:
470:
466:
462:
461:
456:
454:
445:
441:
426:
421:
414:
409:
402:
397:
396:
395:
392:
391:L. p. georgii
388:
378:
374:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:L. p. georgii
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
335:Pacific Ocean
332:
331:Troo-gad-dill
328:
324:
314:
311:
309:
308:
303:
301:
296:
295:
284:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
241:
232:
228:
227:L. p. georgis
222:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
196:
190:
187:
186:Binomial name
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
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128:
127:
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121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
24:Pacific gull
22:
19:
1451:pacific-gull
1314:pacific-gull
1233:
1182:
1164:
1146:
1121:
1104:Rhodostethia
1103:
1086:Hydrocoloeus
1085:
1025:Huahine gull
1004:
975:Dolphin gull
964:
919:
883:Caspian gull
856:Iceland gull
841:Western gull
791:Olrog's gull
781:Pacific gull
780:
770:
757:
675:
669:
654:
649:
637:. Retrieved
632:
619:
608:. Retrieved
604:the original
599:
590:
580:
573:
559:cite journal
550:
537:
507:(1): 50–53.
504:
500:
490:
478:. Retrieved
464:
458:
452:
444:
390:
383:
371:
353:
345:
339:
330:
320:
312:
305:
298:
292:
290:
283:onto rocks.
270:
244:
243:
240:Pacific gull
239:
237:
226:
216:
215:
194:
192:
176:
175:
163:
49:, Australia
38:
18:
1508:SeaLifeBase
1384:iNaturalist
1258:Wikispecies
1112:Ross's gull
1094:Little gull
1046:Andean gull
1015:Silver gull
966:Leucophaeus
955:Relict gull
921:Ichthyaetus
806:Common gull
625:Gill, Frank
480:12 November
385:Of the two
368:Description
323:John Latham
273:silver gull
210:Subspecies
1556:Categories
1534:Xeno-canto
1155:Ivory gull
935:Sooty gull
743:: Laridae)
610:2008-08-15
436:References
387:subspecies
342:subspecies
281:sea urchin
230:King, 1826
1147:Pagophila
995:Grey gull
990:Lava gull
682:Barcelona
529:0158-4197
277:shellfish
266:kelp gull
258:Carnarvon
254:Australia
171:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
1428:22694279
1402:10190520
1301:22694279
1296:BirdLife
1285:BioLib:
1243:Wikidata
1183:Creagrus
406:Juvenile
350:Tasmania
317:Taxonomy
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
47:Tasmania
1376:2481147
1363:1049316
1350:pacgul1
1324:pacgul1
1249:Q619065
759:Species
639:24 June
509:Bibcode
159:Genus:
153:Laridae
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
1526:343917
1500:704175
1487:343917
1458:NZOR:
1448:NZBO:
1441:328040
1415:176861
741:family
692:
661:
527:
352:, and
262:Sydney
223:, 1801
221:Latham
204:, 1801
202:Latham
1567:Larus
1521:WoRMS
1513:75093
1474:73043
1397:IRMNG
1345:eBird
1337:6NZ3Y
1321:BOW:
1288:21701
1123:Rissa
772:Larus
750:Genus
737:Gulls
547:(PDF)
356:from
164:Larus
1482:OBIS
1436:NCBI
1423:IUCN
1410:ITIS
1389:4390
1371:GBIF
1165:Xema
690:ISBN
659:ISBN
641:2019
565:link
525:ISSN
482:2021
465:2018
360:and
340:Two
297:and
287:Diet
250:gull
238:The
133:Aves
1358:EoL
1332:CoL
1273:AFD
517:doi
469:doi
279:or
1558::
1536::
1523::
1510::
1497::
1484::
1471::
1438::
1425::
1412::
1399::
1386::
1373::
1360::
1347::
1334::
1311::
1298::
1275::
1260::
1245::
688:.
684::
631:.
598:.
561:}}
557:{{
549:.
523:.
515:.
505:93
503:.
499:.
463:.
457:.
364:.
337:.
45:,
41:,
1027:†
739:(
729:e
722:t
715:v
698:.
643:.
613:.
567:)
553:.
531:.
519::
511::
484:.
471::
455:"
451:"
302:.
242:(
78:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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