1736:
1957:
1796:, threatening the Romanian 4th Army's weaker right flank. Before the Soviets could attack, a formation of 94 Romanian aircraft (32 bombers and 62 fighters) supported by 23 Italian aircraft attacked the Red Army troops as they advanced North. During the ensuing aerial battle, which lasted ten hours, numerous bombing and strafing attacks were carried out against the Soviet bridgehead, as well as numerous dogfights with the Soviet Air Force. The bridgehead was pulverized, with all Soviet troops withdrawing from the area during the night of 4/5 October. Axis air forces destroyed over 20 Soviet aircraft (nine or ten of them during air battles) while losing one Romanian fighter during air combat plus four more either shot down by Soviet flak or destroyed on the ground. One Italian Savoia-Marchetti bomber was also lost.
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1760:, chief of the German military mission to Romania, informing him of the situation at Odessa and requesting assistance in the form of aircraft and several pioneer battalions. Although the Royal Romanian Air Force enjoyed some success against the Soviets ground and air forces, it was ill-equipped for anti-shipping raids, and the Soviets were being steadily reinforced and resupplied via the Navy.
1732:
of the First World War,' depending upon infantry to make unsupported frontal attacks against Soviet trench line defenses. The
Soviets temporarily retook Kubanka but were driven back by nightfall. Soviet troops in Vakarzhany were encircled and continued to fight until 3 September, when combined German and Romanian infantry successfully stormed the village.
1658:(5 infantry divisions, two cavalry divisions and one motorized brigade), cut off the units of the Maritime Army (two rifle divisions and the 1st Cavalry Division) from the main forces of the Southern Front. Subsequently, it was the 4th Romanian Army that was the main attacking force in the fight for Odessa. In addition to the Romanian troops, the
1756:, who argued that an attack in a single direction would leave the rest of the Romanian line too exposed. Marshal Antonescu subsequently issued a new directive calling for attacks between Tatarka and Dalnik, and Gniliavko and Dalnik, to be made by the 11th and 3rd Corps, respectively. Ioanițiu forwarded a note to Major-General
1903:
as necessary for the restoration of
Romania's territorial integrity. On the other hand, the capture of Odessa enabled Antonescu to surpass Mussolini in prestige, as the latter had no comparable spoils. Odessa was the most important wartime conquest – without substantial German support – by any of the
1898:
The operations at Odessa highlighted significant weaknesses in the
Romanian Army, leading both military and political leaders in the country to call for a discontinuation of military operations against the Soviet Union. Antonescu ignored such objections, regarding continued participation and eventual
1857:
attacked a Soviet convoy south of Odessa, each boat launching her two torpedoes at the closest enemy destroyer. Three of the four torpedoes missed. The fourth torpedo struck and damaged the Soviet destroyer, but failed to detonate. It was one of the few actions the
Romanian Navy undertook to support
1731:
advanced towards
Gnileakovo and Vakarzhany, only to be pushed back in some areas by a strong Soviet counterattack the following day. On 30 August the Romanians retook the initiative, but gained very little ground. Hitler and the German High Command noted that 'Antonescu using at Odessa the tactics
1747:
Antonescu, highlighting the poor condition of the front-line divisions, which were exhausted after nearly a month of continuous fighting. He proposed a reorganization of six divisions (the 3rd, 6th, 7th, 14th, 21st
Infantry and Guard Divisions), which would be split into 2 corps and supported by 8
1775:
On the night of 15 September, Soviet troops broke contact with the
Romanian 1st Corps and retreated toward the southeast. On 16 September, the 1st Corps took the heights northwest of Gross-Liebenthal. Romanian troops also occupied the area south of the Sukhoy bank. Over 3,000 Soviet soldiers were
1719:
By 24 August, despite constant attacks, the
Romanians were bogged down in front of the Soviets' main line of defense. The 4th Army had already suffered 27,307 casualties, including 5,329 killed in action. Nevertheless, the Soviets were also weakened, and thanks to the capture of Kubanka, Romanian
1767:
and comprising one infantry regiment, one assault pioneer regiment and two artillery regiments arrived. Concurrently, the
Soviets also received 15,000 men and ammunition. On 9 September, Ciupercă was replaced by Lieutenant-General Iosif Iacobici, who was expressly ordered to follow the General
1935:
and the subsequent victory at Odessa led to a partial demobilization of the
Romanian army, which was reduced in size from nearly 900,000 personnel on 1 October to 465,000 on 1 January 1942. Politically, the presence of Romanian troops in Odessa and the establishment of the
1703:
The offensive resumed on 16 August, as Romanian troops attacked along the entire line, capturing Odessa's water reservoirs on 17 August. The Soviet forces put up a stubborn resistance, launching repeated counter-attacks, inflicting and taking heavy casualties. The
1649:
On 9 July 1941, the Separate Coastal Army was created from the units of the Coastal Group of Forces. On 22 July 1941, the bombing of Odessa began (groups of bombers twice raided the city on that day). As a result of the breakthrough of the Soviet defense on the
2061:
1691:
and joined the 1st Armored Division. At the same time, the 10th Dorobanți Regiment overran the Soviet forces at Lozovaya. The 4th Army gradually closed the circle around Odessa, but the offensive was temporarily stopped by
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units were also involved near Odessa. By early September the total number of German-Romanian troops near Odessa was about 277,000 soldiers and officers, up to 2,200 guns and mortars, 100–120 tanks, and 300 to 400 planes.
1940:
led to a deterioration of Romania's international situation, with the British declaring war on Romania on 6 December, and on 12 December Romania declared war on the United States in solidarity with Germany and Japan.
1338:
1687:. In the sector of the 5th Corps, the 1st Armored Division broke through Odessa's first line of defense. That evening, the Romanian division reached the second line of defense. The 1st Cavalry Brigade took
2657:
1992:, and Sevastopol. Museum of the Heroic Defense of Odessa (411th Coastal Battery Memorial) was opened on the day of the 30th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany, 9 May 1975. Close by is also the
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The Soviet counteroffensive which was meant to break the siege came during the night of 21/22 September 1941, and it was the climax of the battle for Odessa. Red Army troops established a bridgehead at
1768:
Staff's directives without question. The offensive resumed on 12 September, but was again stopped temporarily on September 14 as Romanian and German artillery units were running low on ammunition. Two
1654:
by the 11th German and the 4th Romanian Armies, the situation in the Odessa direction became more complicated. In early August 1941 the troops of the 4th Romanian Army, commanded by General
1777:
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heavy artillery battalions. These units would then attack in a single area to break through the Soviet line. The memoir however, was rejected by both Antonescu and Brigadier-General
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Anti-tank platoon commander Lieutenant Vasily Gavrilovich Kabanenko of the 25th Rifle Division gives a command to his gun crew, while repulsing a tank attack in August 1941
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Defense of Odessa 1941 // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia / ed. by E.M. Zhukov. volume 3. M., State Scientific Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1963. pp.472-473
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The defense of Odessa lasted 73 days, from 5 August to 16 October 1941. On 10 August, in the sector of the 3rd Corps, the bulk of the 7th Infantry Division reached
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and four assaults to take the city. Romanian forces suffered 93,000 casualties, against Red Army casualties estimated to be between 41,000 and 60,000.
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battalions were encircled by Red Army troops near the Hadjibey bank, but were eventually relieved despite Soviet efforts to annihilate them.
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actively supported the ground troops, disrupting Soviet naval traffic to and from Odessa, and also destroying an armored train on 20 August.
1111:
505:
2149:Я. M. Sternstein. Workers of the Odessa port in the defense of the city in 1941 // Journal "Problems of History", № 6, June 1956. p.99-109
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Odessa Defense // The Great Encyclopedia (in 62 vols.). / editor-in-chief S. A. A. Kondratov. volume 33. Moscow, TERRA, 2006. p.387-388
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1300:
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On 28 August, the Romanians resumed their offensive, reinforced by a German assault battalion and ten heavy artillery battalions. The
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of the Wehrmacht (in part), 2 German assault and 4 German engineer battalions, 3 German heavy artillery divisions, and periodically
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Odessa Defense 1941 // Soviet Military Encyclopedia (in 8 vols.) / ed. by N.V. Ogarkov. Vol. 6. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1978. pp.25-26
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decided to evacuate the defenders of Odessa. On the night of 14–15 October 1941, the Black Sea Fleet evacuated the garrison to
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Meanwhile, the Romanian offensive was halted to wait for reinforcements. A German detachment led by Lieutenant-General
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swiftly counterattacked with her twin 13 mm machine gun, causing the Soviet submarine to submerge and retreat.
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heavy artillery now threatened the port of Odessa. Over the next three days, there was a lull in the fighting.
1614:. On 22 June 1941, the Axis powers invaded the Soviet Union. In August, Odessa became a target of the Romanian
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in the Odessa Catacombs. The underground museum commemorates the partisan movement in the Odessa region.
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Literature on the heroic defense of Odessa. // Voenno-historicheskiy zhurnal. - 1967. - № 5. - С.79-85
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Axworthy, Mark. Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945. p. 58.
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where most of the units were later destroyed in the bitter fighting that took place there during
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Mareșalul Ion Antonescu: Am făcut "războiul sfânt" împotriva bolșevismului: Campania anului 1941
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It is considered to be the "greatest independent success of the war by any minor Axis power".
2020:
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fought the only submarine vs submarine engagement of the siege. At 12:08 pm, the Soviet
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Veteranii pe drumul omoarei și jertfei (1941–1945): de la Nistru la Marea de Azov, Volume 3
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Vice-Admiral N.M. Kulakov. The Trusted Person of the Fleet. M., Voenizdat, 1985. pp.62-65
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301:
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1945:
1944:
The Axis forces will eventually be cleared from Odessa on 10 April 1944 during the
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1780:, with a strength of 12,600 troops. Also, 18 Soviet companies were brought in from
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1968:
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1843:(Vâlcov in Romanian). During the night of 18 September, the motor torpedo boats
1711:
1887:
1811:. The Black Sea Fleet also managed to evacuate 350,000 soldiers and civilians.
1401:
1187:
767:
598:
359:
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1890:
seaplanes of the Romanian Naval Aviation captured a Soviet armed merchantman.
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World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection (5 volumes)
1828:
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266:
234:
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Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945
2425:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
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Odessa was one of the first four Soviet cities to be awarded the title of "
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1584:, lasted from 8 August until 16 October 1941, during the early phase of
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Museum of the Heroic Defence of Odessa (411th Coastal Battery Memorial)
1804:
1067:
1961:
1663:
1607:
1436:
734:
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Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
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the siege, generally limiting itself to patrols of the submarine
1840:
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2512:
Axworthy, Mark; Scafeș, Cornel I.; Crăciunoiu, Cristian (1995).
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1800:
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150:
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The Axis Air Forces: Flying in Support of the German Luftwaffe
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The Axis Air Forces: Flying in Support of the German Luftwaffe
1743:
On 3 September, General Ciupercă submitted a memoir to by-now
1635:
1346:
1864:. No Western source could be found to confirm this claim.
2511:
2308:, Ion Cristoiu Publishing, 2000, pp. 74–75 (in Romanian)
1679:, while the 1st Guard Division arrived on the alignment
2066:Категория:Статьи с ссылкой на БСЭ, без указания издания
1799:
With the advance of Axis forces into the Soviet Union,
2203:
1931:
The recapture of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in
1907:
Casualties suffered during the siege of Odessa were:
30:"Siege of Odesa" redirects here. For other uses, see
2548:
When Titans clashed: how the Red Army stopped Hitler
2449:"Museum of Heroic Defense of Odessa(411th Battery)"
1922:
16,578 dead or missing, and 24,690 wounded (Glantz)
141:8 August – 16 October 1941 (2 months, and 8 days)
2619:
2306:Glorie și dramă: Marina Regală Română, 1940-1945
1776:captured, but these losses were replaced by the
1696:on 13 August to strengthen the line west of the
2698:Naval battles of World War II involving Romania
2678:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
2653:Military history of Romania during World War II
2317:Jipa Rotaru, Octavian Burcin, Vladimir Zodian,
1914:17,729 dead, 63,345 wounded, and 11,471 missing
1784:. Partisan fighting continued, however, in the
27:1941 siege on the Eastern Front of World War II
2075:
2073:
2343:Asociația Națională a Veteranilor de Război,
1332:
1083:
506:
1622:. Due to the heavy resistance of the Soviet
2542:
2070:
1925:60,000 dead, wounded or missing (Axworthy).
2094:
2092:
2090:
1350:Romanian military actions in World War II
1339:
1325:
1090:
1076:
513:
499:
2628:Battles of World War II involving Romania
2347:, Vasile Cârlova Publishing, 1997, p. 517
1879:launched a torpedo at her, which missed.
208:
129:Romanian troops in Odessa after the siege
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
2241:
1967:
1955:
1818:
1734:
1710:
1097:
174:Successful evacuation of Red Army troops
52:This article includes a list of general
2422:
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14:
2620:
2479:"Museum of Partisan Glory (catacombs)"
2218:
1827:In support of the land offensive, the
2693:Amphibious operations of World War II
2042:
1634:, it took the Axis forces 73 days of
1320:
1071:
494:
2334:, Conway Maritime Press, 2001. p. 73
2294:, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, p. 21
2107:
38:
24:
2612:, Odessa Tourism official web site
2599:, Odessa Tourism official web site
2250:"Odessa, o victorie scump plătită"
2247:
2110:"Romanian Nightmare at Stalingrad"
2051:
1715:A Soviet gun crew during the siege
1475:Western Allied Campaign in Romania
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2724:
2577:
1532:As part of the Allies (1944–1945)
520:
1972:Postage stamp of the USSR 1965 "
1951:
1823:Romanian Heinkel He 114 seaplane
1814:
1363:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1147:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
589:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
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32:Battle of Odesa (disambiguation)
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1886:During the October evacuation,
1379:As part of the Axis (1941–1944)
2663:Romania–Soviet Union relations
2427:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 343–344.
2155:
2141:
2127:
2101:
2062:Большой советской энциклопедии
2033:
1580:, known to the Soviets as the
13:
1:
2546:; House, Jonathan M. (1995).
2505:
2304:Jipa Rotaru, Ioan Damaschin,
2108:Chan, Amy (8 February 2017).
2081:"The Battle of Odessa – 1941"
1960:"Map of Odessa Defense" From
1904:minor European Axis powers.
2423:Dowling, Timothy C. (2014).
2292:Rumanian Aces of World War 2
2204:Koltunov G.; Selyanichev A.
1984:" in 1945, the others being
1893:
7:
2584:The Battle of Odessa – 1941
1999:
1618:and elements of the German
10:
2729:
2552:University Press of Kansas
2225:Cambridge University Press
1644:
29:
2403:, ABC-CLIO, 2016, p. 1422
1809:the defence of Sevastopol
1670:
1358:
1112:German declaration of war
1109:
530:
448:
429:
376:
253:
235:Fascist Italy (1922-1943)
190:
133:
122:
110:
105:
2683:1941 in the Soviet Union
2673:Sieges involving Germany
2643:Sieges involving Ukraine
2638:Sieges involving Romania
2590:Museum of Partisan Glory
2361:, ABC-CLIO, 2011, p. 166
2279:, ABC-CLIO, 2011, p. 165
2026:
2006:Transnistria Governorate
1994:Museum of Partisan Glory
1962:Ukrainian Postal Service
1938:Transnistria Governorate
1706:Royal Romanian Air Force
2039:Axworthy (1995), p. 50.
2011:Romania in World War II
1626:and the rapidly formed
435:160,000 men (initially)
73:more precise citations.
2688:Sieges of World War II
2633:Odessa in World War II
2608:5 October 2018 at the
2595:5 October 2018 at the
2321:, p. 180 (in Romanian)
2219:Stahel, David (2012).
1977:
1965:
1824:
1754:Romanian General Staff
1740:
1716:
1660:72nd Infantry Division
254:Commanders and leaders
18:Siege of Odessa (1941)
2708:September 1941 events
2058:Одесская оборона 1941
2048:Glantz (1995), p. 293
2021:Battle of Kiev (1941)
1971:
1959:
1822:
1738:
1714:
1628:Separate Coastal Army
449:Casualties and losses
2668:Operation Barbarossa
2550:. Lawrence, Kansas:
1778:157th Rifle Division
1624:9th Independent Army
1586:Operation Barbarossa
1306:Air war 22 june 1941
1176:Advance on Leningrad
1101:Operation Barbarossa
442:240 artillery pieces
440:34,500 men (initial)
179:1941 Odessa massacre
2713:October 1941 events
2399:Spencer C. Tucker,
2227:. pp. 136–37.
1833:motor torpedo boats
1630:, supported by the
796:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
697:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
471:90 artillery pieces
437:340,223 men (total)
2703:August 1941 events
1978:
1976:Odessa 1941–-1945"
1966:
1825:
1750:Alexandru Ioanițiu
1741:
1717:
1606:was a port on the
1526:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
1511:1st Jassy–Kishinev
1501:Dnieper–Carpathian
1169:Roslavl–Novozybkov
991:Western Carpathian
931:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
901:1st Jassy–Kishinev
886:Leningrad–Novgorod
881:Dnieper–Carpathian
444:86,000 men (total)
371:Filipp Oktyabrskiy
326:Erich von Manstein
278:Alexandru Ioanițiu
205:Kingdom of Romania
2489:on 5 October 2018
2483:odessatourism.org
2459:on 5 October 2018
2453:odessatourism.org
2413:Axworthy, page 73
2389:Axworthy, page 58
2380:Axworthy, page 49
2371:Axworthy, page 59
2332:Warship 2001-2002
2234:978-1-107-01459-6
2223:. New York City:
1933:Operation München
1837:recently occupied
1765:René von Courbier
1582:defence of Odessa
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16:(Redirected from
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2544:Glantz, David M.
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2485:. Archived from
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2455:. Archived from
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2040:
2037:
1946:Odessa Offensive
1786:city's catacombs
1685:Petra Evdokievka
1656:Nicolae Ciupercă
1592:invasion of the
1353:
1351:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1284:Bombing of Gorky
1104:
1102:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1068:
957:Petsamo–Kirkenes
835:Belgorod-Kharkov
801:Voronezh–Kharkov
525:
515:
508:
501:
492:
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2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
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2117:. Retrieved
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2060:— статья из
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1598:World War II
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1462:Winter Storm
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594:1st Smolensk
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550:Arctic Ocean
473:20 aircraft
424:Coastal Army
283:
248:Soviet Union
222:
191:Belligerents
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159:Soviet Union
117:World War II
111:Part of the
85:
76:
57:
36:
2119:28 February
1831:dispatched
1727:, 11th and
1689:Severinovca
1240:1st Kharkov
1228:Sea of Azov
818:Gorky Blitz
813:3rd Kharkov
729:2nd Kharkov
631:1st Kharkov
626:Sea of Azov
463:17,729 dead
349:Ivan Petrov
300: [
177:Subsequent
71:introducing
2622:Categories
2516:. London:
2506:References
2114:HistoryNet
1990:Stalingrad
1875:submarine
1805:Sevastopol
1681:Strassburg
1480:Tidal Wave
1449:Stalingrad
1417:Sevastopol
1279:1st Rostov
1267:Sevastopol
1262:1st Crimea
1213:Petrikowka
1132:1st Baltic
942:2nd Baltic
937:Dukla Pass
924:Doppelkopf
896:2nd Crimea
840:2nd Donbas
830:1st Donbas
807:Polar Star
757:Stalingrad
641:Sevastopol
636:1st Crimea
579:1st Baltic
563:Barbarossa
540:Baltic Sea
54:references
2493:17 August
2221:Kiev 1941
1986:Leningrad
1982:Hero City
1974:Hero City
1911:Romanian
1894:Aftermath
1664:Luftwaffe
1620:11th Army
1608:Black Sea
1485:Bucharest
1443:Edelweiss
1390:Constanța
1385:Bucharest
1223:Leningrad
1137:Raseiniai
967:Gumbinnen
912:Bagration
751:Sinyavino
735:Case Blue
620:Leningrad
545:Black Sea
401:11th Army
79:June 2011
2606:Archived
2593:Archived
2570:32859811
2536:32552622
2260:17 April
2254:Historia
2000:See also
1881:Delfinul
1869:Delfinul
1861:Delfinul
1847:Viscolul
1839:port of
1794:Chebanka
1770:Vânători
1616:4th Army
1553:Budapest
1548:Debrecen
1198:1st Kiev
1164:Smolensk
1012:Solstice
972:Budapest
962:Courland
952:Debrecen
947:Belgrade
869:2nd Kiev
741:Caucasus
714:Demyansk
675:Chechnya
609:1st Kiev
469:19 tanks
430:Strength
413:9th Army
390:4th Army
153:region,
146:Location
2463:20 July
2064:.
1919:Soviet
1873:M-class
1854:Vijelia
1841:Vylkove
1835:to the
1745:Marshal
1645:Prelude
1610:in the
1596:during
1496:Dnieper
1432:Kharkov
1396:München
1373:Treznea
1295:Air war
1274:Tikhvin
1257:Bryansk
1246:Beowulf
1234:Phase 4
1208:Tallinn
1203:Lypovec
1182:Phase 3
1158:Phase 2
1152:Mogilev
1116:Phase 1
1006:Breslau
1001:Silesia
906:Karelia
858:Dnieper
724:Bamberg
665:Finland
614:Tallinn
482:unknown
284:†
218:Germany
67:improve
2568:
2558:
2534:
2524:
2431:
2231:
1964:, 2011
1801:Stavka
1677:Elssas
1671:Battle
1604:Odessa
1588:, the
1563:Prague
1543:Păuliș
1516:Crimea
1455:Uranus
1422:Rostov
1407:Odessa
1368:Diosig
1289:Moscow
1218:Yelnya
1193:Odessa
1050:Prague
1044:Berlin
1033:Vienna
850:Lenino
692:Lyuban
657:Moscow
646:Rostov
604:Odessa
280:
245:
232:
215:
202:
166:Result
151:Odessa
56:, but
2027:Notes
1636:siege
1538:Turda
1427:Kerch
1142:Brody
1122:Brest
891:Narva
864:Nevel
824:Kursk
790:Iskra
719:Kholm
703:Rzhev
670:Kerch
651:Gorky
584:Brody
569:Brest
304:]
2566:OCLC
2556:ISBN
2532:OCLC
2522:ISBN
2495:2015
2465:2018
2429:ISBN
2262:2022
2229:ISBN
2121:2024
1877:M-33
1852:NMS
1850:and
1845:NMS
1590:Axis
1576:The
1437:Blue
1412:Azov
1402:Uman
1188:Uman
978:1945
875:1944
783:1943
769:Mars
686:1942
599:Uman
556:1941
138:Date
1725:4th
115:of
2624::
2564:.
2554:.
2530:.
2520:.
2481:.
2451:.
2252:.
2112:.
2089:^
2072:^
1988:,
1948:.
1788:.
1700:.
1600:.
1483:,
302:ro
157:,
2572:.
2538:.
2497:.
2467:.
2437:.
2264:.
2237:.
2208:.
2193:.
2179:.
2165:.
2151:.
2137:.
2123:.
1683:–
1487:)
1477:(
1340:e
1333:t
1326:v
1091:e
1084:t
1077:v
514:e
507:t
500:v
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
34:.
20:)
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