194:. Sidney's father, Henry, spent almost 20 years in the district from 1889. Initially, he was assistant in charge of the local post office but, in September 1899, was appointed officer-in-charge. The death, due to pneumonia, of Sidney's younger brother Frank, in July 1902, was a major tragedy for the family. A marble mural tablet to Frank's life was unveiled at the Allora State School in December 1902. Sidney's father was transferred to the Emerald Post Office in April 1909, after nearly 20 years at Allora. The community held a public farewell for Henry at the Allora Town Hall and he was presented with a purse of sovereigns. By the time of the transfer to Emerald, Henry's family were mostly grown and his own health was failing. Only his wife relocated with him and, when he died in 1910, there was little connection with Emerald. She relocated to the larger provincial centre of Toowoomba, where she died in 1932.
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Cape
Denison. The intermediate station that he set up at Wireless Hill on Macquarie Island was fully functional and providing sterling service, exchanging messages with the Hobart coastal station VIH. But there had been ongoing problems with both transmission and reception at Cape Denison, and only occasional messages were got out. That failure prevented the expedition from fulfilling the terms of its contract with Australian and London press in providing timely updates on the activities and status of the expedition. The replacement wireless officer would bring with him improved wireless telegraphy receivers (sensitivity of the crucial detectors was taking great strides at the time) which it was expected would make the Cape Denison station fully effective.
31:
348:, and the continual radio interference and static associated with polar conditions threatened the base's minimal ability to contact Macquarie Island. The expedition leader at first admired Jeffryes' assiduousness with earphones and the Morse code key, but grew increasingly guarded in his praise. In Mawson's words, Jeffryes "applied himself to work with enthusiasm and perhaps an over-conscientious spirit." Climatic conditions outside the hut made outdoor exercise in winter impossible, leading to
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believing that he would never again have any further trouble of the kind. On the return voyage Dr. Maclean occupied the same cabin with him, and kept him closely under observation. Dr. Maclean reported to me that
Jeffreys was quite well and no thought ever entered our mind that he would not travel straight home without risk. In fact his condition was so good that I decided not to make any mention of the matter to his people."
145:. Sidney's given name is indexed as "Sydney" in the Queensland register of births, deaths and marriages, but that might be a transcription error. Sidney's father, Henry, was a child of Henry Jeffryes and Sarah Jeffryes (née Bland). After a long career with the Post Office, Sidney's father died in 1910. His mother, Helena, was born in
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due to his medical status, and was paid off two days after arrival at
Adelaide. Mawson stated subsequently that he believed that Jeffryes had returned to full health: "Later on Jeffreys improved, and on the arrival of the ship he became quite normal, and in that condition he was landed at Adelaide we
369:
In July 1913, as
Antarctica neared midwinter, wireless operator Jeffryes began to exhibit symptoms of paranoia to his fellow shore-party winter explorers, none of whom knew how to receive or transmit messages in Morse code. Expedition leader Mawson began to encourage another expedition member, airman
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A series of tragedies and mishaps had led to the Cape
Denison shore base on Antarctica being kept open for a second winter, from March to December 1913. But there had been some tension between Mawson and Hannam and, in January 1913, Hannam elected to return home after his year at Macquarie Island and
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in
Antarctica, and that would have been prohibitively expensive and resource hungry. It was decided to establish an intermediate station at Macquarie Island and, by halving the maximum distance for each signal to traverse, it was expected that the 2 kW Telefunken transmitters of the Australasian
198:
Marconi's succession of wireless telegraphy achievements, spanning greater and greater distances, filled the newspapers of the day. At that time, many private experimenters were operating without licences and, in a remote location such as Allora, the temptations to experiment would have been strong.
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Jeffryes had a keen interest in both
Antarctica and wireless telegraphy and, when the first call for applications to join the AAE was made, he sought an appointment as wireless operator. But at that time, his length of experience as a telegraphist and wireless telegraphist was not great and he was
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The
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette records Jeffryes as being employed on a temporary basis as a Telegraphist at Sydney from 26 March 1909, for a period of three months. The appointment was renewed again June 1909, September 1909, and finally December 1909. However, mere telegraphy did not offer
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six days later, exhausted and starved, having lived on roots and grubs, and drinking water from stagnant pools. He was arrested, clearly in a psychotic state, and was presented at the
Stawell Court. His poignant plea from the dock was: "Let me go back and die, where I have hidden my trunk, in the
215:
In the late 19th century, the fitting of wireless equipment to the great steamships carrying mail between Great
Britain and Australia was becoming commonplace and, following Australia's belated establishment of a network of coastal stations from 1910, many of the larger coastal vessels around
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Telegraphy was a major part of the activities of any rural post office and there can be no doubt that Sidney learned Morse code and telegraphy with his father. After federation, the Postmaster-General's Department discouraged any staff experimenting with wireless. However, from 1897, news of
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In his published histories, the expedition head and designated spokesman, Douglas Mawson, had little to say about Jeffryes' active service in Antarctica. For almost 100 years, the name of the unfortunate wireless operator was suppressed from most Antarctic records. But, in August 2010, the
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that the distance was 2300 miles. This is not so, as direct it is not more than 1500 miles, but even this is equivalent to almost twice as much by sea. I thus claim to have established an Australasian record for transmission and reception over land, beating the previous one by 40 miles."
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transmitters and receivers. That gave the firm a strong marketing edge in the supply of equipment to local shipping to utilise the coastal station network. Frequently, the sale package also included provision of skilled personnel to operate and maintain the equipment. While the
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four months ago from Townsville to the Bight by a small margin of about 40 miles. The conditions were absolutely normal on the night, a fact which could hardly be said of the occasion four months ago, which was a night on which every operator got good distances, myself and the
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Jeffryes' meticulous records of wireless reception quality during the second year of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition were correlated by himself, and by other expeditioners, with other observations of variables such as magnetic readings,
242:, which was fitted up by the Australasian Wireless Co., Ltd., has put up a record for overland wireless messages between ships. His report says:— "Coming into Adelaide on the 18th Instant, distant from Adelaide 140 miles, I picked up the
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to maintain radio contact with its country of origin. Only a high-powered facility of comparable capacity to those recently established at Sydney (VIS) and Perth (VIP) would have been capable of direct communication between Hobart and
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had not yet been established as a formal training facility, the company did undertake internal training of potential operators. Jeffryes is reported as having qualified as a wireless operator with Australasian Wireless Co. Ltd.
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Jeffryes arrived at the Cape Denison shore base in February 1913, just as the base was enduring a near-nightmare situation. The expedition leader and commander, Douglas Mawson, stumbled into the base, the sole survivor of a
341:. As the new wireless operator, Jeffryes was able to start the relay of communications that would inform Australia of the expedition leader's survival. However, within days of Mawson's arrival, the Antarctic winter began.
271:
It was common in that era for wireless officers to move frequently between ships. At the time of Jeffryes' appointment to the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, he was reported as having been most recently on the
1246:
Wireless and Empire ambition: wireless telegraphy/telephony and radio broadcasting in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, South-West Pacific (1914-1947): political, social and developmental perspectives
548:
374:, to learn Morse code as quickly as possible. Jeffryes's condition waxed and waned. For some weeks his comrades believed he was recovering but, in September of the same year, the radioman experienced a
137:
in 1884, second son of Henry Jeffryes and Helena (sometimes Ellen) Jeffryes (née White). His father was a postmaster and telegraphist with the Queensland Post and Telegraph Department and, following
1203:
The history of the development of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia to 1942, with especial reference to the Australian Broadcasting Commission: a political and administrative study
492:
Leane, E., Maddison, B. & Norris, K. (2019). Beyond the Heroic Stereotype: Sidney Jeffryes and the Mythologising of Australian Antarctic History. Australian Humanities Review, (64), 1-23.
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and began transmitting a message, through Macquarie Island, to Australia, declaring himself to be the only sane man on the expedition. Jeffryes accused all of his comrades of having joined a
216:
Australia were also fitted out. Australasian Wireless won the contracts with the Australian Government to establish a network of coastal wireless stations around Australia, using
105:, he was initially employed on coastal shipping and established at least one record for distance transmission. But he is best known for his service as the wireless officer at
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417:. Letters from the institution, written to Mawson in 1915, testify to his challenges. Little is known of Jeffryes' later life, and he died in confinement in 1942 from a
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Wireless Institute of Australia - Annual Conference 2022 Presentation by Elizabeth Leane titled Impact of Wireless on the Australasian Antarctica Expedition -
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In March 1914, it was realised that Jeffryes had not returned to the family home in Toowoomba and was missing. He was found near
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An appeal was made for a wireless operator to serve during the second winter of the AAE, and Jeffryes was given the appointment.
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352:. All the expeditioners would have been familiar with tales of Antarctic winter madness and, particularly, the problems of the
117:. Jeffryes' service ended in September 1913, two months prior to the relief of the shore party, after he developed symptoms of
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438:. They identified, perhaps for the first time, the impact of Antarctic conditions on low-frequency radio wave propagation.
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Hulbert Trevannion, born 1881, died 1946. Teacher Gundiah (1910s). Married Isabel Jeffryes née King (died 1946) in 1906.
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is located in the Australian Antarctic Territory, at 67°4' south, 143°59' east. It should not be confused with the
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The Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) was the first such endeavour in history, and the only one during the
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In October 1911, Jeffryes had a small taste of fame. It was reported in the Sydney Sun that: "Record by the
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396:, relieved the troubled Antarctic shore party. Jeffryes was excluded from the welcoming celebrations in
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and her father was William White. She died in 1932. There were at least seven children of the marriage:
1102:"Douglas Mawson's colleague with schizophrenia remembered in sad footnote to epic Antarctic expedition"
603:
186:
Constance ("Connie") Eva, born 1888. Died 1949. Achieved unwanted prominence in an inheritance dispute.
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The home of the blizzard : an Australian hero's classic tale of Antarctic discovery and adventure
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The home of the blizzard : an Australian hero's classic tale of Antarctic discovery and adventure
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The home of the blizzard : an Australian hero's classic tale of Antarctic discovery and adventure
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101:(20 July 1884 – 16 October 1942) was an early Australian wireless telegraphy operator. Trained by
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the excitement or pecuniary rewards of a wireless operator of the day and his career progressed.
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In December 2013, the first opera to be based on Mawson's 1911–14 expedition to Antarctica,
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859:. No. 411. New South Wales, Australia. 23 October 1911. p. 10 (Latest Edition)
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890:. Vol. XCVII, no. 13, 335. Tasmania, Australia. 24 December 1912. p. 4
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421:. A plaque has been erected in the Ararat General Cemetery near where he was buried.
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which, because of the unique geography, are at their upper extreme in the vicinity.
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691:. Vol. LIX, no. 14, 031. Queensland, Australia. 1 January 1903. p. 4
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honoured Jeffryes for his pioneering winter service by naming a previously unnamed
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17:
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719:. Vol. LXV, no. 15, 990. Queensland, Australia. 12 April 1909. p. 2
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Remembering Sidney Jeffryes and the darker side of our tales of Antarctic heroism
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663:. Vol. XLIV, no. 10, 559. Queensland, Australia. 4 July 1902. p. 3
375:
16:"Jeffryes Glacier" redirects here. For another feature with a similar name, see
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921:. Vol. LVI, no. 681. Queensland, Australia. 16 March 1914. p. 5
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Radio Broadcasting Technology, 75 Years of Development in Australia 1923–1998
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Bringing Psychology to the Antarctic Archives: The 'Case' of Sidney Jeffryes
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Alone on the Ice: The Best Survival Story You've Never Heard | Nat Geo Live
978:
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
549:
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
465:, by Tasmanian composer Joe Bugden, was performed at The Peacock Theatre in
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Alone on the ice: The greatest survival story in the history of exploration
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Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration
344:
Mawson's expedition hut was located close to what was then the site of the
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Ivy Llalah (likely Lalla), born 1875. Married Walter Henry Donely in 1894.
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309:, who was associated with the prominent aviation pioneer and inventor,
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1015:. No. 10860. New South Wales, Australia. 14 March 1914. p. 13
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635:. No. 8, 366. Queensland, Australia. 11 September 1899. p. 2
473:, the work investigates the relationship between Mawson and Jeffryes.
392:
130:
113:, from February 1913 to December 1913, under the command of explorer
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118:
1344:(Friends of the State Library of South Australia, Adelaide, 2010)
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Dr Archibald Lang McLean diaries, 2 December 1911-26 February 1914
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to murder him. Thereupon, Mawson relieved Jeffryes of his duties.
356:. Conditions at Cape Denison were clearly worse than those on the
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Ida Dorothea Maud, born 1879. Married Robert George Denny in 1904.
447:
183:
Francis ("Frank') Edwin, born 1886. Died young in 1902 at Allora.
579:. No. 2417. Queensland, Australia. 20 July 1912. p. 32
607:. No. 1573. Queensland, Australia. 18 May 1930. p. 19
466:
431:
235:
313:, and had himself been involved with the establishment of the
238:. Mr. S. H. Jeffryes, wireless operator on the A.U.S.N. Co.'s
146:
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silence of the ranges." The Court committed Jeffryes to the
1397:
Wireless Institute of Australia (editor Wolfenden, Peter).
1224:
Transit of Empires: Ernest Fisk and the World Wide Wireless
1311:(Abridged, one volume) (Wakefield Press, Adelaide, 2010)
1283:
Class and colonialism in antarctic exploration, 1750-1920
1298:(Unabridged, two volumes), (W. Heinemann, London, 1915)
831:. No. 68. Australia. 31 December 1909. p. 1874
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along the previously unknown interior coastline of the
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Wireless Co. Ltd. would enable reliable communication.
1351:
Racing With Death: Douglas Mawson - Antarctic Explorer
1035:"Manuscripts, oral history and pictures: Miss Eckford"
803:. No. 52. Australia. 2 October 1909. p. 1557
1190:
In Bed with Douglas Mawson: Travels Around Antarctica
775:. No. 38. Australia. 17 July 1909. p. 1304
747:. No. 23. Australia. 17 April 1909. p. 951
544:"Home of the Blizzard - The people: Sidney Jeffryes"
1401:(Wireless Institute of Australia, Melbourne, 2017)
1062:
974:"Home of the Blizzard - Cape Denison: Radio waves"
163:Louisa Ellen. Married Thomas Maxwell Gibb in 1898.
1233:Slicing the silence : voyaging to Antarctica
1414:
823:"Government Gazette Appointments and Employment"
795:"Government Gazette Appointments and Employment"
767:"Government Gazette Appointments and Employment"
739:"Government Gazette Appointments and Employment"
1219:(excellent reading list and newsletter archive)
413:, where his mental condition was diagnosed as
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1389:Noble Explorers Suffering from Polar Madness
1089:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lkS5psgo6Q
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538:
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390:In December 1913, the expedition's vessel,
1272:Leane, Elizabeth & Norris, Kimberley.
1023:– via National Library of Australia.
992:
929:– via National Library of Australia.
902:
898:– via National Library of Australia.
867:– via National Library of Australia.
839:– via National Library of Australia.
811:– via National Library of Australia.
783:– via National Library of Australia.
755:– via National Library of Australia.
727:– via National Library of Australia.
699:– via National Library of Australia.
671:– via National Library of Australia.
643:– via National Library of Australia.
615:– via National Library of Australia.
587:– via National Library of Australia.
503:"Mawson radio operator finally recognised"
246:. This exceeds the records of that of the
1369:. (W. W. Norton, New York, 2014)
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259:getting 2100 miles. It is claimed by the
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
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223:Marconi Telefunken College of Telegraphy
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38:This article includes a list of general
1285:(Pickering & Chatto, London, 2014)
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424:
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1264:Leane, Elizabeth & Maddison, Ben.
121:and had to be relieved of his duties.
1135:Home of the Blizzard, Sidney Jeffryes
1100:Cansdale, Dominic (17 October 2018).
961:
944:"Australian Antarctic glaciers named"
871:
571:"MILK AND CREAM TESTING EXAMINATIONS"
488:
486:
179:Sidney (alt Sydney) Harry, born 1884.
210:
24:
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599:"LEFT HIS WIDOW £3 A WEEK TESTATOR"
289:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
229:
13:
1248:. (Martin Hadlow, Brisbane, 2016)
1153:Australian Antarctic Data Centre.
1127:
483:
44:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1428:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1145:Home of the Blizzard, Radio Waves
828:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
800:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
772:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
744:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
111:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
93:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1040:State Library of New South Wales
327:
29:
1399:Wireless Men & Women at War
1192:(New Holland Publishers, 2011)
1143:Australian Antarctic Division.
1133:Australian Antarctic Division.
1081:
882:"Mawson's Antarctic Expedition"
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315:Wireless Institute of Australia
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143:Postmaster-General's Department
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339:Australian Antarctic Territory
109:during the second year of the
1:
1335:(McLean, Cape Denison, 1911)
948:Australian Antarctic Division
476:
444:Australian Antarctic Division
153:
354:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
7:
1353:(Bloomsbury, London, 2008)
1235:(UNSW Press, Sydney, 2007)
1155:Gazetteer, Jeffryes Glacier
511:Australian Associated Press
10:
1459:
1167:(1st ed. Melbourne, 1999)
15:
1071:W.W. Norton & Company
1007:"The Solitude of the Ice"
1340:McLean, Archibald Lang.
1331:McLean, Archibald Lang.
1244:Hadlow, Martin Lindsay.
1181:Australian Radio History
913:"Dr. Mawson's Statement"
627:"Official Notifications"
1433:Explorers of Antarctica
1324:(Electronic edition)
1201:Curnow, Geoffrey Ross.
1183:(4th ed. Sydney, 2013)
1061:Roberts, David (2013).
335:sled dog probe eastward
311:George Augustine Taylor
175:Norma Fanny, born 1882.
59:more precise citations.
1257:Letter to Miss Eckford
851:"Record by the Kyarra"
711:"Warwick and District"
415:paranoid schizophrenia
283:Antarctic preparations
190:The family grew up in
141:, with the Australian
95:
1438:People from Toowoomba
918:Darling Downs Gazette
660:Darling Downs Gazette
411:Ararat Lunatic Asylum
129:Jeffryes was born in
125:Early life and family
103:Australasian Wireless
99:Sidney Harry Jeffryes
90:
1226:. (Melbourne, 2007)
1222:Given, Donald Jock.
716:The Brisbane Courier
688:The Brisbane Courier
425:Legacy and late life
419:cerebral haemorrhage
91:Jeffryes during the
1382:(J. F. Ross, 1998)
1349:Riffenburgh, Beau.
1342:The Adelie Blizzard
1328:(Includes full PDF)
1211:Friends of Mawson.
1012:The Daily Telegraph
380:criminal conspiracy
346:South Magnetic Pole
307:Walter Henry Hannam
1276:(To be published)
1255:Jeffryes, Sidney.
463:The Call of Aurora
192:Allora, Queensland
96:
1387:Solomon, Shelby.
1320:Mawson, Douglas.
1307:Mawson, Douglas.
1294:Mawson, Douglas.
1213:Friends of Mawson
1069:. New York City:
980:. 2 November 2011
513:. 12 October 2018
211:Wireless training
85:
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1391:(Webpage, 2010)
1365:Roberts, Davis.
1231:Griffiths, Tom.
1188:Cormick, Craig.
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1281:Maddison, Ben.
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252:Riverlna
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149:in the
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