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Alexander D. Shimkin

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that concluded: "hile there appears to be no means of determining the precise number of civilian casualties incurred by US forces during Operation Speedy Express, it would appear that the extent of these casualties was in fact substantial, and that a fairly solid case can be constructed to show that civilian casualties may have amounted to several thousand (between 5,000 and 7,000)."
824: 405:, the American and South Vietnamese officers forced the Ba Chúc villagers at gunpoint to use hand tools to locate and remove the mines, a task that resulted in several deaths and serious injuries among the villagers when the explosives detonated. There were also casualties from mortar attacks by the communists who wanted to disrupt the operation. 1592: 1060:
Goudsouzian, pages 51–53. One of Shimkin's companions from Quitman County, a 58-year-old African American named Armistead Phipps, died of heart failure during the march. "He was a decent Christian man," Shimkin said of Phipps. "I feel honestly that if he'd known he was about to die he would have done
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bureau chief Kevin P. Buckley, produced a 4,700-word story that specifically alleged "that thousands of Vietnamese civilians have been killed deliberately by U.S. forces." The numbers, if not the deliberate nature of the casualties, were later supported by an official, though secret, U.S. Army report
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attack by North Vietnamese soldiers. Fluent in Vietnamese, Shimkin attempted to communicate with the attackers, but was killed. "The last time I saw him he was standing straight up with his arms stretched out with a grenade lying about two feet from his feet", Huntley said. "He looked down once,
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that registered over 6,000 African Americans for the 1967 election. Together with his father, Shimkin organized a project through which 18 African American students from Holmes County were selected to attend the University of Illinois. In a note that he left behind in Mississippi, Shimkin wrote,
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Library of Congress, South Vietnam, pre-1975: Interview with Mr. Charles (Chad) Huntley, 12 September 1972, by the Joint Personnel Recovery Center, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, in which Huntley describes the attack in which Shimkin apparently died. Accessed 11 February
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Logan and Frate in E. Shimkin et al., page 11. This was called the "Mississippi Pilot Project." All but three of the students completed their undergraduate work. Shimkin also launched a drive on the University of Illinois campus that raised $ 1,325 for needy Mississippi children.
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in 2008, Richard Brummett, who described himself as "a hanger-on at the Newsweek office in Saigon in 1971–72", wrote: "I remember Alex Shimkin concluding from his 'captured documents' that the peak killing hour was the time when school let out every afternoon in the Delta."
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to order an immediate halt to the mine-clearing operation. The story also brought a halt to Shimkin's and Moreau's service with IVS, which fired them for speaking to the press without permission. According to Moreau, Emerson intervened again, getting Shimkin a job as a
691:) during the first week of July 1972, Shimkin went to the aid of a wounded South Vietnamese soldier and carried him to safety under heavy mortar fire. The rescue was captured in a photograph that appeared July 7 in a Saigon newspaper. The picture later appeared in 736: 743:. Former war correspondent Zalin Grant thought he had Shimkin's grave "fairly well pinpointed" in 2002, but as of 2018 Shimkin's remains had not been located. An interview with Chad Huntley about the attack that apparently killed Shimkin is archived at the 2113: 490:
and on interviews with American officials and Vietnamese witnesses, was that a large number of the reported dead were unarmed Vietnamese non-combatants whose deaths, whether accidental or deliberate, were used to enhance the
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soldiers planted mines on hillsides near the village to protect their upland positions and successfully resisted combined American and South Vietnamese air and ground attacks. Believing that the villagers knew where the
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from December 1968 through May 1969, Shimkin noticed the large disparity between the American claims of 10,899 enemy dead and the reported capture of only 748 enemy weapons. Shimkin's conclusion, based on further
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in Washington, D.C. A memorial tree honoring Shimkin was planted in 2014 on the campus of Indiana University Bloomington. There is a cenotaph for him at The Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Over 70 books from Shimkin's military history collection are archived at the library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Shimkin is also commemorated in the Journalists Memorial at the
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Information collected by Mike Benge and Thomas Russell from IVS applications of volunteers who died in Southeast Asia and posted on the web site of Roger Young's Northwest Veterans Newsletter.
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north of Saigon on or about July 6, 1972. According to a July 7 Saigon newspaper report, Shimkin braved mortar fire to rescue the soldier. Source: E. Shimkin et al., page vii.
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After contacting Emerson, Shimkin and Moreau went with her to interview the villagers. According to Moreau, Emerson's story "had an immediate impact", causing the
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Knightley, page 400. Ironically, both the My Lai Massacre and the start of Operation Speedy Express took place during the administration of President
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Chong, page x. Chong also reports that Shimkin was the first of the journalists to run toward the injured after the bombs had fallen. Chong, page 64.
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and hoped to write the "definitive history" of the Vietnam War. Shimkin's interest in military history led him to donate books on the subject to the
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suppressed a story by Gregory Vistica about the Thanh Phong incident in 1998. It finally became public in 2001 when Vistica published an article in
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has written that the man in the picture might be Shimkin. A few minutes later Shimkin was on his knees weeping and telling others,"Leave me alone."
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published in January 1971 about the forced use of Vietnamese civilians by South Vietnamese officers and their American advisers to clear
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Memorial website in honor of Gloria Emerson: A Letter from Ronald Moreau in Islamabad (Newsweek Magazine) Tuesday, September 28, 2004.
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Emerson. In 1978, Ba Chúc became the scene of further tragedy when over 3,000 Vietnamese civilians were killed there by forces of the
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had given him "a certain philosophical perspective." According to information from Shimkin's IVS application, he liked the novels of
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bombs near the journalists, resulting in the deaths of two children and inflicting serious burns on others, including Kim Phúc.
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Logan and Frate in E. Shimkin et al., pages 9, and D. Shimkin in Eaton, page 96. Logan and Frate cite a 1968 report of the
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American Correspondent is Wounded in Vietnam. Huntley described the location as about one-and-a-half miles north of the
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Interview with Nick Turse by Amy Grunder, first aired live on Sounds of Dissent, WZBC 90.3 FM Boston, January 12, 2013
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considered the measure of the operation's success. Among the specific incidents uncovered by Shimkin was the one at
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Chapter by Demitri B. Shimkin, "Black Migration and the Struggle for Equity: A Hundred-Year Survey", pages 77–116.
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editors who feared that the allegations would be seen as a "gratuitous attack" on the administration of President
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Knightley, page 400. Buckley stated, "There was a flurry of low-level Congressional interest and then it faded."
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that shows a jump in nonwhite voter registration in Holmes County from 20 to 6,332 following enactment of the
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The U.S. Army has used the term "Allies" to describe the countries that aided South Vietnam in the war. See
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The First Casualty: From the Crimea to Vietnam: The War Correspondent as Hero, Propagandist, and Myth Maker
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https://www.newseum.org/exhibits/online/journalists-memorial/#main/?view_4_search=shimkin&view_4_page=1
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http://lh3.ggpht.com/_HBVKhiKXg8k/SbSnWDS-NNI/AAAAAAAAC_4/RhpxiVxczgE/6kimRunsBehBUR720506_23_33.jpg.jpeg
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Alexander Shimkin in Vietnam. Source: Newseum Journalists Memorial. Photo courtesy of E. Shimkin-Sorock.
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E. Shimkin et al., page ix. "Government" was the name that Indiana University used at the time for its
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Shimkin wrote a similar voter guide for the 1967 elections in Holmes County. Sojourner, pages 231–232.
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Box 3, Folder 56, Archive no. 0050, Project South, Stanford University Archives, Stanford, California
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Facsimile accessed October 23, 2012, through the University of Georgia Civil Rights Digital Library.
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Joint Personnel Recovery Center, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (13 September 1972).
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University Library, Departmental Library Services, Education Library File, 1930, 1937–76, Box 5
281: 245: 104: 2289: 1361:. Vistica also described the Thanh Phong raid and how the body count was tallied in his book, 1088:. Washington, D.C.: United States Commission on Civil Rights. 1968. pp. 244–245 (Table 9) 331:"Since I was barely twenty, I've devoted almost every moment of my life to the movement...." 5222: 4759: 4574: 4204: 4109: 4089: 4059: 3748: 3743: 3490: 3455: 3353: 3317: 3011: 2959: 2334:. (Mentions Alexander Shimkin's work on Operation Speedy Express.) Accessed January 14, 2013. 2054: 1937: 1863: 728:
looked back up and kept trying to explain. An explosion occurred, he started to crumple...."
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from behind Kim Phúc shows a running man with his right arm outstretched toward her. Author
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Military history of the Civil War: With special reference to the campaigns of 1864 and 1865
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and American history. At the time of his death he had been accepted for graduate study at
667:"Jesus! People have been bombed!" Shimkin is reported to have shouted. A picture taken by 641: 611:
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/50121592/alexander-demitri-shimkin#view-photo=71045950
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church in Urbana. Intensely interested in military history, he made notebooks listing the
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Shimkin's paternal uncle was cancer researcher Dr. Michael B. Shimkin (1913–1989). See
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On July 12, 1972, Shimkin and another reporter, Charles "Chad" Huntley, became lost in
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On June 8, 1972, a month before he died, Shimkin was one of the journalists present at
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Returning to his studies, Shimkin graduated with "high distinction" in government from
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Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Meredith March Against Fear
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Another photo of nearly the same scene snapped from a different perspective. Source:
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Alexander Shimkin after he was arrested for civil rights activity in Alabama in 1965
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where he majored in history. He left college in 1965 and became an activist in the
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Oral history interview. Shimkin called this "the great U-turn that Dr. King led."
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Thunder of Freedom: Black Leadership and the Transformation of 1960s Mississippi
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Individuals Active in Civil Disturbances, Volume 1. | Alexander Demitri Shimkin
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Library of Congress: POW/MIA Databases & Documents: Updated Casualty List
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Alexander Shimkin carries a wounded South Vietnamese soldier to safety near
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Lynda Zimmer, "Urbana Class of '62 reunites; alum on trail of classmates,"
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University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
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Shimkin told an oral history interviewer in 1965 that a college course in
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wrong. ... Anything which deprives other people of their dignity is wrong.
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as part of the Vietnam-Era Prisoner-Of-War/Missing-In-Action Database.
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I had missed even after nearly four years in Vietnam. Traveling with him
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KZSU (Radio station: Stanford, Calif.) (Interviewer) (June 23, 1965).
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Alex Shimkin record, Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office.
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Christopher Hitchens, "The Case Against Henry Kissinger" (Part One),
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Internet Archive page saved January 12, 2015. Accessed July 29, 2015.
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and listening to him tell me what Vietnamese in the Mekong Delta were
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Anything which is accomplished through making other people afraid is
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was one of the most informative and powerful experiences of my life.
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During the leadup and completion of the third, successful, march to
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The scans of these four volumes include Indiana University Library
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saying, especially when they did not know he understood Vietnamese,
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Alex Shimkin opened my eyes and showed me things about the war that
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Born in Washington, D.C., Shimkin moved with his family in 1960 to
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Facsimile: University of Southern Mississippi Digital Collections.
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on the Cambodian border. As Moreau later described the situation,
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U-boat Killer: Fighting the U-Boats in the Battle of the Atlantic
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Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval Warfare from 1855 to 1895,
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Nick Turse accepting Ridenhour Prize for Reportorial Distinction
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Michael B. Shimkin, University of California: In Memoriam, 1989.
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captured his famous image of the nine-year-old Vietnamese girl
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Shimkin, Edith; Shimkin, Demitri; Frate, Dennis, eds. (1978).
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Canada at War, 1914–1918: A Record of Heroism and Achievement
1500:. Vietnam Studies. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 991:" (March 1965). Alabama Photographs and Pictures Collection. 481:) documents about Operation Speedy Express, conducted in the 342:
I have no right to be exempt from making sacrifices overseas.
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Oral history interview. Shimkin was interviewed in 1965 in
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application by Mike Benge and Thomas Russell and posted at
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Facsimile: Civil Rights Movement Archive: Tougaloo College
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List of journalists killed and missing in the Vietnam War
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in 1969, then became a community development worker with
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Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
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The registration effort contributed to the election of
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may be Alexander Shimkin. Source: Contact Press Images.
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African American founding fathers of the United States
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Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
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John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
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Freedom Forum Journalists Memorial: Alexander Shimkin.
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L. Daniel Myers, "Memorial to Demitri Boris Shimkin,"
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Shimkin's nickname sometimes appears as "Alec", as in
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who had been shot and injured a few days before. In
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Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
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Civil Rights Movement Archive: Alex Shimkin tribute
1745:Walter Birkbeck Wood and Sir James Edward Edmonds, 1355:Gregory Vistica, "One Awful Night in Thanh Phong," 212: 193:(October 11, 1944 – July 12, 1972) was an American 1894: 1814: 1047:Freedom Information Service Mississippi Newsletter 892:Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 335:Volunteer service in Vietnam and the Ba Chúc story 5452:Journalists killed while covering the Vietnam War 1946:Sojourner, Sue (Lorenzi); Reitan, Cheryl (2013). 5418: 3769:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 2260:"Alex Shimkin oral history interview transcript" 2074: 1311:"A Vietnam War That Never Ends," August 5, 2009. 1284: 1282: 723:. Leaving behind their Jeep, they walked into a 3759:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 3692:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 3583:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 1936:Chapter by Eddie W. Logan and Dennis A. Frate, 1790:Newseum Journalists Memorial: Alexander Shimkin 1768:(yearbook), 1969, Indiana University, page 168. 1755:identifying them as gifts of Alexander Shimkin. 503:on the night of February 25–26, 1969, in which 299:on October 2, 1965, and detained three days at 5238:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 2407: 2169:"American Correspondent is Wounded in Vietnam" 1721:John Castell Hopkins and Robert John Renison, 1309:reporter Patricia Sullivan in a blog posting, 5146:List of lynching victims in the United States 3484:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 2996: 2393: 1576:American Correspondent is Wounded in Vietnam. 1493: 1279: 306:Shimkin was a full-time MFDP staff member in 295:, he was among 140 demonstrators arrested in 2354:, Verso: New York and London, 2001, page 32. 2024: 1694:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1257: 5477:Activists for African-American civil rights 3613:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 2363:(Repeats reference to Alexander Shimkin in 2236: 1817:The Girl in the Picture: The Kim Phúc Story 1635:Zalin Grant's Letters from a French Village 861:, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, July 26, 2008 717:operations to expel North Vietnamese forces 683:While covering fighting north of Saigon on 576:The Girl in the Picture: The Kim Phúc Story 229:, Shimkin and his family were members of a 3662:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 3003: 2989: 2400: 2386: 1585:Huntley. The same article appeared in the 993:Alabama Department of Archives and History 40: 5218:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 2245:(Interview: cassette tape and transcript) 2230: 1219: 1217: 1215: 660:aircraft went off course and dropped the 433:Investigation of Operation Speedy Express 201:. He is notable for his investigation of 5253:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 3293:University of Georgia desegregation riot 1628: 1494:Larsen, Stanley; Collins, James (1975). 1297:Turse, A My Lai a Month. Former Senator 1179: 1072:United States Commission on Civil Rights 876:and emigrated with his family after the 702: 548: 310:in 1966. On June 9, 1966, he joined the 5167:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 4904:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 4899:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 1798: 1741:, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1956 920:, about his civil rights experience by 843: 477:(MACV). Reviewing the MACV (pronounced 276:, arriving in time to join the March 9 14: 5419: 5081:African-American women in the movement 3533:White House Conference on Civil Rights 3364:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 1915: 1212: 5487:Indiana University Bloomington alumni 3522:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 2984: 2381: 2239:"Alex Shimkin oral history interview" 2105: 1749:, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1960. 1733:Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1896 1332:December 29, 2008, page 24, column 1. 750: 678: 458:in "The Vietnam Exposé That Wasn't", 5290:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 3754:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 3702:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 3648:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 3125:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 3050:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 2237:Shimkin, Alexander (June 23, 1965). 2112:Bierstein, Susan (October 7, 1965). 1996: 1121: 1104:Mississippi House of Representatives 1102:, the first African American in the 475:Military Assistance Command, Vietnam 262:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 3697:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 3633:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 3303:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 2080:"My Lai and Lockerbie Reconsidered" 24: 5457:American investigative journalists 5141:African-American churches attacked 3707:Montgomery Improvement Association 3682:Georgia Council on Human Relations 3667:Council of Federated Organizations 3638:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 3396:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 3354:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot 3160:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 3064:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 2049: 1919:Extended Family in Black Societies 1591:, July 15, 1972, under the title, 1364:The Education of Lieutenant Kerrey 1342:Turse, Exposé. Turse reports that 1049:, number 1, June 22, 1966, page 3. 951:In Memoriam: Urbana Class of 1962. 719:that had occupied the area in the 652:and some other children fleeing a 25: 5513: 5437:20th-century American journalists 5213:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 5086:Jews in the civil rights movement 2299: 898:Dr. Michael B. Shimkin obituary, 541:following the revelations of the 5407:Civil rights movement portal 5400: 5248:Freedom Riders National Monument 4990:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 3502:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 3461:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 3348:Second Emancipation Proclamation 2055:"The Vietnam Exposé That Wasn't" 1861: 822: 622: 605: 588: 561: 401:forces had placed the mines and 364:International Voluntary Services 213:Early life and civil rights work 191:Alexander Demitri "Alex" Shimkin 5497:Activists from Washington, D.C. 5275:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 5263:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 3739:National Council of Negro Women 3677:Deacons for Defense and Justice 2198:Huntley, Chad (July 17, 1972). 1783: 1772: 1758: 1713: 1702: 1662: 1649: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1579: 1570: 1553: 1524: 1497:Allied Participation in Vietnam 1486: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1420: 1411: 1398: 1389: 1380: 1336: 1315: 1291: 1234:Ronald Moreau later became the 1228: 1195: 1173: 1160: 1151: 1113: 1064: 1054: 1039: 1030: 1019: 1008: 264:(MFDP). After the first of the 3155:Mansfield school desegregation 2111: 1945: 1889: 999: 980: 971: 944: 931: 910: 866: 849: 454:--Kevin P. Buckley. Quoted by 360:Indiana University Bloomington 225:. Although he was baptized an 110:Indiana University Bloomington 13: 1: 5492:Writers from Urbana, Illinois 5442:20th-century American writers 5285:National Voting Rights Museum 5228:Civil Rights Movement Archive 5027:Lynching in the United States 4914:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 3369:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 3342:University of Chicago sit-ins 3109:Davis v. Prince Edward County 2005:"Pacification's Deadly Price" 1901:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1868:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1258:Ahmed, Fasih (May 16, 2014). 1180:Lee, Tom (November 3, 2011). 872:Shimkin's father was born in 656:attack. Two South Vietnamese 533:Pared back to 1,800 words by 5280:National Civil Rights Museum 5136:March on Washington Movement 5121:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 3590:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 2352:The Trial of Henry Kissinger 2197: 2142: 2002: 1839:Migration and Social Welfare 1395:Turse, My Lai and Lockerbie. 1205:in what became known as the 802: 7: 5447:American war correspondents 4924:"This Little Light of Mine" 3672:Dallas County Voters League 3618:Atlanta Negro Voters League 3381:Letter from Birmingham Jail 3088:Brown v. Board of Education 2126:. p. 3. Archived from 1836:Eaton, Joseph, ed. (1971). 1737:Donald G. F. W. Macintyre, 1619:Reference number 1899-0-01. 1462:E. Shimkin et al., page ix. 1349:The New York Times Magazine 815: 266:Selma to Montgomery marches 244:in 1962, then attended the 10: 5518: 5258:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 5126:Holt Street Baptist Church 5096:16th Street Baptist Church 4080:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 3724:Nashville Student Movement 3654:An Appeal for Human Rights 2215:United Press International 2211:Wilmington, North Carolina 2185:. July 15, 1972. p. 7 1862:Goudsouzian, Aram (2014). 1835: 1809: 882:Demitri Shimkin obituary, 793:Indiana University Library 509:Lieutenant (jg) Bob Kerrey 301:Parchman State Prison Farm 167:Second Battle of Quang Tri 27:American war correspondent 5502:American male journalists 5472:Journalists from Illinois 5396: 5298: 5200: 5014: 4947: 4889: 4868: 4755:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 4725:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 3797: 3789:Women's Political Council 3784:Wednesdays in Mississippi 3779:United Auto Workers (UAW) 3764:Southern Regional Council 3734:Northern Student Movement 3643:Committee for Freedom Now 3603: 3550:Memphis sanitation strike 3516:Voting Rights Act of 1965 3438: 3259:Savannah Protest Movement 3221: 3079: 3040:Journey of Reconciliation 3032: 3019: 2833: 2658: 2418: 1076:Voting Rights Act of 1965 928:'s student radio station. 621: 604: 587: 560: 555: 254:Northern Student Movement 184: 152: 147: 143: 128: 118: 97: 89: 70: 51: 39: 34:Alexander Demitri Shimkin 32: 3623:Atlanta Student Movement 3572:Civil Rights Act of 1968 3497:1964–1965 Scripto strike 3478:Civil Rights Act of 1964 3376:1963 Birmingham campaign 3269:Civil Rights Act of 1960 3193:Civil Rights Act of 1957 2119:Champaign-Urbana Courier 1979:Kill Anything That Moves 1803: 1729:Herbert Wrigley Wilson, 1260:"Ron Moreau (1945–2014)" 1256:. He died May 13, 2014. 939:Kill Anything That Moves 698: 505:United States Navy SEALs 328:voter registration drive 237:for World War I armies. 207:Operation Speedy Express 138:Operation Speedy Express 5467:American whistleblowers 5175:Voter Education Project 4929:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 4590:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 4025:Josephine Dobbs Clement 3451:Chester school protests 3446:Twenty-fourth Amendment 3408:Detroit Walk to Freedom 3150:Tallahassee bus boycott 3071:Baton Rouge bus boycott 2003:Buckley, Kevin (1972). 1631:"The War and I, Part 3" 1357:New York Times Magazine 1082:Political Participation 995:. Retrieved 2015-06-03. 968:Oral history interview. 497:Ninth Infantry Division 495:that commanders of the 370:, became sources for a 322:, he helped organize a 240:Shimkin graduated from 5388:Movement photographers 4630:Bernice Johnson Reagon 4350:Martin Luther King Sr. 4345:Martin Luther King Jr. 3915:William Holmes Borders 3687:Highlander Folk School 3577:Poor People's Campaign 3430:St. Augustine movement 3280:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 3203:Katz Drug Store sit-in 3174:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 3136:Montgomery bus boycott 2740:Philip Jones Griffiths 2350:Christopher Hitchens. 2231:Oral history interview 1981:. Metropolitan Books. 1482:(4): 3. July 24, 1972. 795:. Shimkin also played 763: 731:A veteran of the U.S. 715:while covering Allied 708: 522:Shimkin and his boss, 451: 345: 314:organized by activist 282:Martin Luther King Jr. 272:, Shimkin traveled to 246:University of Michigan 223:University of Illinois 197:who was killed in the 105:University of Michigan 5223:Civil Rights Memorial 5111:Bethel Baptist Church 4760:Charles Kenzie Steele 4205:Audrey Faye Hendricks 4110:Myrlie Evers-Williams 4090:Patricia Stephens Due 4060:Abraham Lincoln Davis 3995:Colia Lafayette Clark 3749:Operation Breadbasket 3744:National Urban League 3491:Katzenbach v. McClung 3359:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 3012:Civil rights movement 2960:Pierre Schoendoerffer 755: 741:Department of Defense 706: 549:Shimkin at Trảng Bàng 517:United States Senator 437: 339: 250:civil rights movement 5268:other King memorials 5243:Freedom Rides Museum 5180:1960s counterculture 5131:Edmund Pettus Bridge 4810:Walter Francis White 4715:Alexander D. Shimkin 3229:New Year's Day March 3198:Ministers' Manifesto 3045:Executive Order 9981 2710:David Douglas Duncan 2306:Alexander D. Shimkin 2174:The Spokesman-Review 2146:(January 10, 1971). 1799:Partial bibliography 1548:book with that title 1444:Knightley, page 407. 1303:Secretary of Defense 1157:Sojourner, page 254. 1125:(January 13, 1966). 1100:Robert G. Clark, Jr. 918:Jackson, Mississippi 844:Notes and references 789:Princeton University 773:classical literature 513:Governor of Nebraska 488:documentary research 423:and Moreau one with 384:near the village of 278:"Turnaround Tuesday" 270:Edmund Pettus Bridge 5006:Mary McLeod Bethune 4967:Sermon on the Mount 4934:"We Shall Overcome" 4515:William Lewis Moore 4295:Frank Minis Johnson 4270:Richie Jean Jackson 4225:Donald L. Hollowell 4030:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 3835:Gwendolyn Armstrong 3830:William G. Anderson 3810:Victoria Gray Adams 3774:The Freedom Singers 3628:Black Panther Party 3413:March on Washington 3326:Garner v. Louisiana 3287:Boynton v. Virginia 2855:Charles Collingwood 2755:David Hume Kennerly 2179:Spokane, Washington 2092:on October 14, 2012 1675:Library of Congress 1561:Our Lady of La Vang 1540:First Indochina War 1512:on January 27, 2013 1472:"Top of the Week". 1307:The Washington Post 1301:of Nebraska, later 1137:Champaign, Illinois 926:Stanford University 886:, December 25, 1992 783:as well as reading 745:Library of Congress 707:Quảng Trị Province. 426:The Washington Post 5323:Michael Eric Dyson 5208:In popular culture 5091:Fifth Circuit Four 5075:Loving v. Virginia 5068:Hernandez v. Texas 5047:Buchanan v. Warley 5039:Separate but equal 5033:Plessy v. Ferguson 4996:Frederick Douglass 4830:Robert F. Williams 4740:Kelly Miller Smith 4720:Fred Shuttlesworth 4645:Frederick D. Reese 4625:George Raymond Jr. 4615:A. Philip Randolph 4595:Fay Bellamy Powell 4510:Queen Mother Moore 4395:Z. Alexander Looby 4340:Coretta Scott King 4285:Barbara Rose Johns 4265:Jimmie Lee Jackson 4190:William E. Harbour 3970:Stokely Carmichael 3885:Randolph Blackwell 3555:King assassination 3544:Loving v. Virginia 3528:March Against Fear 3508:How Long, Not Long 3386:Children's Crusade 3337:Cambridge movement 3274:Ax Handle Saturday 3239:Greensboro sit-ins 3166:Give Us the Ballot 2545:Marguerite Higgins 2505:Frances FitzGerald 2288:has generic name ( 2153:The New York Times 2106:Newspaper articles 2030:"A My Lai a Month" 1891:Knightley, Phillip 1536:Street Without Joy 902:, January 20, 1989 900:The New York Times 884:The New York Times 878:October Revolution 751:Personal interests 713:Quảng Trị Province 709: 679:Rescue on Route 13 644:when photographer 312:March Against Fear 242:Urbana High School 82:Quảng Trị Province 5414: 5413: 5191:Eyes on the Prize 5106:A.G. Gaston Motel 5101:Kelly Ingram Park 5061:Sweatt v. Painter 4745:Mary Louise Smith 4705:Cleveland Sellers 4690:Michael Schwerner 4655:Gloria Richardson 4435:Thurgood Marshall 4355:Bernard Lafayette 4085:John Wesley Dobbs 3599: 3598: 3318:Birmingham attack 3298:Rock Hill sit-ins 3249:Sibley Commission 3244:Nashville sit-ins 3116:Gebhart v. Belton 3102:Briggs v. Elliott 3095:Bolling v. Sharpe 3056:Sweatt v. Painter 2978: 2977: 2970:Richard Threlkeld 2715:Charles Eggleston 2700:Charles Chellapah 2650:Perry Deane Young 2640:Richard Tregaskis 2630:Matthew V. Storin 2625:John Steinbeck IV 2620:Alexander Shimkin 2342:Harper's Magazine 2130:on March 16, 2016 1997:Magazine articles 1988:978-0-8050-8691-1 1406:Lyndon B. Johnson 1265:Newsweek Pakistan 1168:political science 785:political science 737:missing in action 685:National Route 13 650:Phan Thị Kim Phúc 642:Tây Ninh Province 634: 633: 615:National Route 13 464:December 1, 2008. 252:, first with the 195:war correspondent 188: 187: 123:war correspondent 16:(Redirected from 5509: 5405: 5404: 5368:Charles M. Payne 5353:Steven F. Lawson 5343:David Halberstam 5313:Clayborne Carson 5054:Hocutt v. Wilson 5001:W. E. B. Du Bois 4850:Sammy Younge Jr. 4835:Q. V. Williamson 4800:Wyatt Tee Walker 4665:Bernice Robinson 4610:Lincoln Ragsdale 4600:Rodney N. Powell 4495:Douglas E. Moore 4370:Sanford R. Leigh 4305:J. Charles Jones 4180:Fannie Lou Hamer 4095:Joseph Ellwanger 4055:Jonathan Daniels 4045:Claudette Colvin 4035:Annie Lee Cooper 4020:Kathleen Cleaver 4015:Eldridge Cleaver 3990:Shirley Chisholm 3880:Gloria Blackwell 3471:workers' murders 3418:"I Have a Dream" 3313:Anniston bombing 3264:Greenville Eight 3179:Little Rock Nine 3142:Browder v. Gayle 3030: 3029: 3005: 2998: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2610:Sydney Schanberg 2535:David Halberstam 2470:Wilfred Burchett 2440:Elizabeth Becker 2402: 2395: 2388: 2379: 2378: 2344:, February 2001. 2322: 2293: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2207:(Marine Edition) 2194: 2192: 2190: 2183:Associated Press 2164: 2162: 2160: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2124:Urbana, Illinois 2101: 2099: 2097: 2088:. Archived from 2071: 2069: 2067: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2021: 2019: 2017: 1992: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1933: 1912: 1900: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1853: 1832: 1820: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1762: 1756: 1717: 1711: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1666: 1660: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1557: 1551: 1532:National Route 1 1528: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1508:. Archived from 1490: 1484: 1483: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1359:, April 25, 2001 1340: 1334: 1319: 1313: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1232: 1226: 1221: 1210: 1207:Ba Chúc Massacre 1199: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1177: 1171: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1117: 1111: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1087: 1068: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1012: 1006: 1003: 997: 996: 984: 978: 975: 969: 966: 953: 948: 942: 935: 929: 914: 908: 870: 864: 859:The News-Gazette 853: 832: 830:Biography portal 827: 826: 825: 781:Theodore Dreiser 777:William Faulkner 767: 721:Easter Offensive 687:(the highway to 626: 625: 609: 608: 592: 591: 565: 564: 553: 552: 539:Richard M. Nixon 465: 390:North Vietnamese 354: 260:, then with the 219:Urbana, Illinois 175: 162:Easter Offensive 77: 65:Washington, D.C. 62:October 11, 1944 61: 59: 44: 30: 29: 21: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5462:Newsweek people 5417: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5399: 5392: 5373:Thomas E. Ricks 5363:Diane McWhorter 5348:Vincent Harding 5333:Adam Fairclough 5300: 5294: 5196: 5151:Freedom Schools 5010: 4943: 4891: 4885: 4876:Omaha, Nebraska 4864: 4780:Hartman Turnbow 4770:Dorothy Tillman 4730:Glenn E. Smiley 4710:Charles Sherrod 4670:Jo Ann Robinson 4545:Charles Neblett 4535:Elijah Muhammad 4500:Harriette Moore 4460:Floyd McKissick 4445:Franklin McCain 4380:Stanley Levison 4245:T. R. M. Howard 4195:Vincent Harding 4125:Walter Fauntroy 4010:Xernona Clayton 3960:John H. Calhoun 3945:Aurelia Browder 3935:Stanley Branche 3930:Raylawni Branch 3910:Joseph E. Boone 3895:Ezell Blair Jr. 3890:Unita Blackwell 3865:Harry Belafonte 3805:Ralph Abernathy 3793: 3729:Nation of Islam 3605: 3595: 3434: 3391:Birmingham riot 3332:Albany Movement 3254:Atlanta sit-ins 3234:Sit-in movement 3217: 3213:Biloxi wade-ins 3185:Cooper v. Aaron 3075: 3021: 3015: 3009: 2979: 2974: 2955:Joe Schlesinger 2925:Julian Pettifer 2885:Peter Kalischer 2860:Walter Cronkite 2836: 2829: 2760:Catherine Leroy 2695:Dickey Chapelle 2661: 2654: 2605:Jonathan Schell 2525:H.D.S. Greenway 2520:Martha Gellhorn 2515:Joseph Galloway 2475:Dickey Chapelle 2455:Peter Braestrup 2421: 2414: 2406: 2320: 2302: 2285: 2284: 2275: 2274: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2248: 2246: 2233: 2220: 2218: 2188: 2186: 2158: 2156: 2144:Emerson, Gloria 2133: 2131: 2108: 2095: 2093: 2065: 2063: 2040: 2038: 2015: 2013: 1999: 1989: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1930: 1909: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1850: 1829: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1759: 1725:, Toronto, 1919 1718: 1714: 1707: 1703: 1687: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1667: 1663: 1654: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1627: 1623: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1599: 1588:Chicago Tribune 1584: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1558: 1554: 1542:made famous by 1530:They were near 1529: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1491: 1487: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1453:Chong, page 69. 1452: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1426:Chong, page 64. 1425: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1374: 1362: 1341: 1337: 1321:In a letter to 1320: 1316: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1280: 1270: 1268: 1245:The Daily Beast 1233: 1229: 1222: 1213: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1178: 1174: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1142: 1140: 1118: 1114: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1069: 1065: 1059: 1055: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1000: 986: 985: 981: 976: 972: 967: 956: 949: 945: 936: 932: 915: 911: 871: 867: 854: 850: 846: 828: 823: 821: 818: 805: 769: 765: 759: 753: 701: 681: 623: 606: 589: 562: 556:External images 551: 543:My Lai Massacre 467: 463: 453: 447: 445: 443: 441: 435: 356: 349: 347: 337: 235:order of battle 215: 171: 148:Military career 114: 98:Alma mater 85: 79: 75: 66: 63: 57: 55: 47: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5515: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5412: 5411: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5383:Akinyele Umoja 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5271: 5270: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5029: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4972:Mahatma Gandhi 4969: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4881:South Carolina 4878: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4820:Hosea Williams 4817: 4812: 4807: 4805:Hollis Watkins 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4735:A. Maceo Smith 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4685:Bernie Sanders 4682: 4677: 4675:Angela Russell 4672: 4667: 4662: 4660:David Richmond 4657: 4652: 4650:Walter Reuther 4647: 4642: 4637: 4635:Cordell Reagon 4632: 4627: 4622: 4620:George Raymond 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4580:Charles Person 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4550:Huey P. Newton 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4505:Harry T. Moore 4502: 4497: 4492: 4490:Cecil B. Moore 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4470:James Meredith 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4300:Clarence Jones 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4240:Zilphia Horton 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4210:Lola Hendricks 4207: 4202: 4200:Dorothy Height 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4170:Lawrence Guyot 4167: 4162: 4160:Jack Greenberg 4157: 4152: 4147: 4145:Andrew Goodman 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4070:Joseph DeLaine 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4040:Dorothy Cotton 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3985:J. L. Chestnut 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3920:Amelia Boynton 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3840:Arnold Aronson 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3518: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3466:Freedom Summer 3463: 3458: 3456:Bloody Tuesday 3453: 3448: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3283: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3133: 3128: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3060: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3034: 3027: 3017: 3016: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2940:Harry Reasoner 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2905:Charles Kuralt 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2865:Murray Fromson 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2810:Shigeru Tamura 2807: 2805:Francois Sully 2802: 2797: 2792: 2790:Kyoichi Sawada 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2770:Co Rentmeester 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2745:Dirck Halstead 2742: 2737: 2732: 2730:Chas Gerretsen 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2565:Stanley Karnow 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2490:Gloria Emerson 2487: 2485:Robert Elegant 2482: 2480:Richard Dudman 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2460:Malcolm Browne 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2426: 2424: 2416: 2415: 2412:correspondents 2405: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2317: 2312: 2301: 2300:External links 2298: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2195: 2165: 2140: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2072: 2047: 2022: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1971: 1959:978-0813140933 1958: 1943: 1942: 1941: 1928: 1913: 1907: 1887: 1875:978-0374192204 1874: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1848: 1833: 1827: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1782: 1771: 1757: 1712: 1701: 1661: 1648: 1637:. Pythia Press 1629:Grant, Zalin. 1621: 1609: 1597: 1578: 1569: 1565:Quảng Trị City 1552: 1523: 1485: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1419: 1410: 1397: 1388: 1379: 1372: 1335: 1314: 1290: 1288:Turse, Exposé. 1278: 1227: 1211: 1194: 1172: 1159: 1150: 1112: 1108:Reconstruction 1063: 1053: 1038: 1029: 1018: 1007: 998: 979: 970: 954: 943: 930: 909: 865: 847: 845: 842: 841: 840: 834: 833: 817: 814: 804: 801: 754: 752: 749: 733:Special Forces 700: 697: 680: 677: 632: 631: 619: 618: 602: 601: 585: 584: 558: 557: 550: 547: 436: 434: 431: 378:Gloria Emerson 373:New York Times 338: 336: 333: 326:program and a 316:James Meredith 308:Quitman County 280:march, led by 214: 211: 205:casualties in 186: 185: 182: 181: 180: 179: 178: 177: 154: 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 140: 136:casualties in 132:investigating 130: 129:Known for 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 101: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 80: 78:(aged 27) 72: 68: 67: 64: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5514: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5395: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5378:Timothy Tyson 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5308:Taylor Branch 5306: 5305: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5156:Freedom songs 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5022:Jim Crow laws 5020: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4919:"Oh, Freedom" 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4845:Whitney Young 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:Kale Williams 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:Albert Turner 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4775:A. P. Tureaud 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4680:Bayard Rustin 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4530:William Moyer 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4465:Joseph McNeil 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4450:Charles McDew 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4440:Benjamin Mays 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4425:Vivian Malone 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400:Joseph Lowery 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325:Clyde Kennard 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4315:Vernon Jordan 4313: 4311: 4310:Matthew Jones 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4275:T. J. Jemison 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4260:Jesse Jackson 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4150:Robert Graetz 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4140:Golden Frinks 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4100:Charles Evers 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4050:Vernon Dahmer 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4005:Septima Clark 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3925:Bruce Boynton 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850:James Baldwin 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3820:Mathew Ahmann 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3717:Youth Council 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3602: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3308:Freedom Rides 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033:Prior to 1954 3031: 3028: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Clete Roberts 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2910:John Laurence 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2890:Douglas Kiker 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2870:Jeff Gralnick 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2735:Barbara Gluck 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2680:Larry Burrows 2678: 2676: 2675:David Burnett 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2590:Robert Reguly 2588: 2586: 2585:Gareth Porter 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2555:Takeshi Kaikō 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2450:Michael Birch 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2361:1-85984-398-0 2358: 2355: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2291: 2286:|author= 2279: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2205:The Star-News 2201: 2196: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2134:September 29, 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1961: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1929:90-279-7590-6 1925: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1910: 1908:0-15-631130-5 1904: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1877: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1849:0-87101-617-6 1845: 1841: 1840: 1834: 1830: 1828:0-670-88040-X 1824: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1811:Chong, Denise 1808: 1807: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1775: 1769: 1767: 1761: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1726: 1724: 1716: 1710: 1705: 1697: 1691: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1652: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1582: 1573: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1498: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1432: 1423: 1414: 1407: 1401: 1392: 1383: 1375: 1373:0-312-28547-7 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1350: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Charles Hagel 1294: 1285: 1283: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1236:correspondent 1231: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1154: 1143:September 30, 1138: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1116: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1084: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1061:it this way." 1057: 1050: 1048: 1042: 1033: 1027: 1022: 1016: 1011: 1002: 994: 990: 983: 974: 965: 963: 961: 959: 952: 947: 940: 934: 927: 923: 919: 913: 907: 903: 901: 895: 893: 887: 885: 879: 875: 869: 862: 860: 852: 848: 839: 836: 835: 831: 820: 813: 810: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 768: 762: 761: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 726: 722: 718: 714: 705: 696: 694: 690: 686: 676: 674: 670: 669:David Burnett 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 629: 620: 616: 612: 603: 599: 595: 586: 582: 581:David Burnett 578: 577: 572: 568: 559: 554: 546: 544: 540: 536: 531: 528: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 484: 480: 476: 472: 466: 461: 457: 450: 449: 430: 428: 427: 422: 421: 416: 411: 406: 404: 400: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374: 369: 368:Ronald Moreau 365: 361: 355: 352: 344: 343: 332: 329: 325: 321: 320:Holmes County 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 210: 208: 204: 203:non-combatant 200: 196: 192: 183: 176: 174: 168: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 151: 146: 142: 139: 135: 134:non-combatant 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 111: 108: 106: 103: 102: 100: 96: 92: 88: 83: 74:July 12, 1972 73: 69: 54: 50: 43: 38: 31: 19: 5398: 5338:David Garrow 5318:John Dittmer 5189: 5116:Brown Chapel 5073: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5031: 4988: 4840:Andrew Young 4795:A. T. Walden 4790:C. T. Vivian 4750:Maxine Smith 4714: 4585:Homer Plessy 4565:James Orange 4520:Irene Morgan 4475:William Ming 4455:Ralph McGill 4390:Viola Liuzzo 4375:Jim Letherer 4360:James Lawson 4290:Vernon Johns 4280:Esau Jenkins 4235:Myles Horton 4185:Fred Hampton 4175:Prathia Hall 4165:Dick Gregory 4135:Marie Foster 4130:James Forman 4120:James Farmer 4105:Medgar Evers 4065:Angela Davis 4000:Ramsey Clark 3980:James Chaney 3975:Johnnie Carr 3955:Ralph Bunche 3950:H. 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W. Apple 2422:journalists 2409:Vietnam War 2221:November 6, 2217:. p. 1 2189:November 6, 2159:November 3, 2096:November 3, 2076:Turse, Nick 2066:November 3, 2051:Turse, Nick 2041:November 3, 2026:Turse, Nick 2016:November 3, 1975:Turse, Nick 1940:pages 3–20. 1766:The Arbutus 1516:January 15, 1330:The Nation, 1328:"Letters," 1250:Afghanistan 1203:Khmer Rouge 1139:. p. 2 1092:December 8, 941:, page 248. 501:Thanh Phong 403:booby traps 293:Mississippi 199:Vietnam War 157:Vietnam War 90:Nationality 5421:Categories 5301:historians 4982:Satyagraha 4948:Influences 4640:James Reeb 4575:James Peck 4570:Rosa Parks 4540:Diane Nash 4410:Danny Lyon 4385:John Lewis 4330:A. D. King 4230:James Hood 3845:Ella Baker 3815:Zev Aelony 2935:Dan Rather 2920:Ike Pappas 2850:Ed Bradley 2800:Dana Stone 2780:Al Rockoff 2750:Henri Huet 2725:Sean Flynn 2720:Horst Faas 2705:Neil Davis 2560:Peter Kann 2085:The Nation 2060:The Nation 2035:The Nation 1821:. 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King 4155:Fred Gray 3798:Activists 3439:1964–1968 3222:1960–1963 3080:1954–1959 2965:Bob Simon 2835:Broadcast 2645:Kate Webb 2635:Jon Swain 2595:John Sack 2550:Ward Just 2367:article.) 1965:March 18, 1538:" of the 1123:Balz, Dan 803:Memorials 739:" by the 658:Skyraider 399:communist 394:Viet Cong 376:story by 231:Methodist 84:, Vietnam 4890:Movement 4320:Tom Kahn 3604:Activist 3024:timeline 2775:Tim Page 2365:Harper's 2278:cite web 2268:July 28, 2249:July 28, 2078:(2009). 2053:(2008). 2028:(2008). 2010:Newsweek 1977:(2013). 1893:(1976). 1881:July 12, 1813:(1999). 1690:cite web 1475:Newsweek 1386:Buckley. 1344:Newsweek 1271:June 24, 1254:Pakistan 1240:Newsweek 1170:program. 816:See also 693:Newsweek 535:Newsweek 511:, later 471:Newsweek 420:Newsweek 415:stringer 410:Pentagon 93:American 5015:Related 4605:Al Raby 3560:funeral 3423:Big Six 2820:Nick Ut 2530:Al Gore 2326:YouTube 1680:4 March 1546:in his 1534:, the " 1506:1119579 937:Turse, 874:Siberia 809:Newseum 646:Nick Ut 569:Author 507:led by 386:Ba Chúc 297:Natchez 258:Alabama 173:† 18:Shimkin 5201:Legacy 4977:Ahimsa 3606:groups 3067:(1950) 3059:(1950) 3020:Events 2660:Photo- 2359:  1985:  1956:  1926:  1905:  1872:  1846:  1825:  1504:  1370:  1106:since 904:, and 888:, and 880:. 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Index

Shimkin

Quảng Trị Province
University of Michigan
Indiana University Bloomington
war correspondent
non-combatant
Operation Speedy Express
Vietnam War
Easter Offensive
Second Battle of Quang Tri

war correspondent
Vietnam War
non-combatant
Operation Speedy Express
Urbana, Illinois
University of Illinois
Episcopalian
Methodist
order of battle
Urbana High School
University of Michigan
civil rights movement
Northern Student Movement
Alabama
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Selma to Montgomery marches
Edmund Pettus Bridge
Selma

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