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Philadelphia, a
Northern Student Movement freedom library was started to “have books by and about black people.” The NSM had 50 fulltime employees with different sources reporting of somewhere between 2200-2500 college student volunteers. These college students focused on helping the communities like tutoring and establishing the North End Community Action Project “that organized protests against discriminatory hiring practices.” <ref>“The Northern Student Movement: Connecticut History: a CTHumanities Project.” Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project, connecticuthistory.org/the-northern-student-movement/.
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Peter J. Countryman, a white Yale student, helped assemble the NSM in the fall of 1961 from “existing networks of the
Student Christian Movement of New England.” The mission of the NSM was to "support the work of the SNCC and to "challenge discrimmination in the North". The Northern Student Movement
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After a shooting that wounded NSM volunteer, Bruce Payne, who was with a group of fellow volunteers in
Mississippi to help with a voter registration campaign, sparked a visit by Dr. Martin Luther King to where it NSM all started, Yale University. He wrote a letter to the Universities chaplain, an
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Work of the NSM The organization started some tutoring and community programs in the most segregated and poverty-stricken urban areas up past the Mason-Dixon line. “In the
Roxbury-South End area of Boston, NSM led a voter registration drive, preschool programs, and a Black history workshop.” In
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The organization started some tutoring and community programs in the most segregated and poverty-stricken urban areas up past the Mason-Dixon line. “In the
Roxbury-South End area of Boston, NSM led a voter registration drive, preschool programs, and a Black history workshop.” In Philadelphia, a
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acknowledged the achievements and dedication of the hard working white NSM members, and a dramatic shift taken place of creating an all-Black organization because many felt that blacks really needed to be the ones determining what their communities needed. Bill
Strickland, the second executive
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The NSM had 50 fulltime employees with different sources reporting of somewhere between 2,200-2,500 college student volunteers. These college students focused on helping the communities like tutoring and establishing the North End
Community Action Project “that organized protests against
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The NSM declined later in the decade as Black students began to protest and negotiate for the successful temporary removal of police from campuses, amnesty for striking students, and the creation of Black studies courses like the ones the NSM started provided in other cities.
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youth in northeastern cities. By 1963, NSM was reported to be helping as many as 3,500 children using 2,200 student volunteers from 50 colleges and universities. NSM also encouraged direct-action protests, sending volunteers to
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Northern
Student Movement: A collection of articles and links to resources that describe the work of a civil rights organization founded by Peter Countryman and others....
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in the North. In the early 60's, NSM's work was divided into three areas which were each headed by an executive committee: "the campus, the community, and the south."
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Mandi Issacs
Jackson, "Harlem's Rent Strike and Rat War: Representation, Housing Access and Tenant Resistance in New York, 1958-1964,"
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advocate of the NSM, which he writes that he was “really heartened by the movement in the right direction I sense at Yale.”
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Columbia
University Libraries, Columbia Center for Oral History: Oral history interviews about the Northern Student Movement
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organization that drew inspiration from sit-ins and lunch counter protests led by students in the south. NSM was founded at
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In 1967, the New England Student Christian Movement changed its name to the University Christian Movement in New England.
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director of the NSM, was the leadman in “rent strikes, school boycotts, and neighborhood-initiated community projects”.
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soon began organizing projects in the communities of the North to fight against injustice in Black communities.
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Also, the Northern Student Movement focused more on organizing locally. However, while advocates of
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Northern Student Movement freedom library was started to “have books by and about black people.”
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The records of the Northern Student Movement, including a complete run of its periodical,
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Countryman stepped down as NSM's executive director in 1963 and was replaced by
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442:"The Northern Student Movement | Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project"
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Oral History interviews with several NSM organizers are available through the
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191:(SNCC). Countryman began NSM's work by collecting books for a predominantly
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Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations
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Northern Student Movement Records, 1961-1966, New York Public Library.
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college and raising funds for SNCC. He then turned to organizing
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in the South and organized direct-action protests in the North.
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youth in northeastern cities (1963); later sent students to
183:, which grew out of the work of a committee formed by the
378:, University of Kansas, v. 47, no. 1, (2006) pp. 53-79.
338:, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2001, pp. 462-463.
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Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
2444:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
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African American founding fathers of the United States
1043:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
908:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
515:
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Student political organizations in the United States
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Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
308:"Northern Student Movement - SNCC Digital Gateway"
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1274:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1264:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1197:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1088:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
2743:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
2651:List of lynching victims in the United States
989:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
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113:Volunteerism, education, community organizing
1118:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
1167:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
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2932:Student organizations established in 1961
2723:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
283:Columbia Center for Oral History Research
189:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
2758:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
798:University of Georgia desegregation riot
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2672:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
2409:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
2404:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
288:
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2586:African-American women in the movement
1038:White House Conference on Civil Rights
869:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
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185:New England Student Christian Movement
103:New England Student Christian Movement
1027:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
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359:"Education: Down-to-Earth Idealism,"
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2795:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1259:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1207:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1153:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
630:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
555:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
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159:Northern Student Movement Hootenanny
2937:Civil rights movement organizations
1202:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1138:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
808:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
411:
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2947:1961 establishments in Connecticut
2646:African-American churches attacked
1212:Montgomery Improvement Association
1187:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1172:Council of Federated Organizations
1143:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
901:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
859:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
665:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
569:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
241:discriminatory hiring practices.”
16:American civil rights organization
14:
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2718:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
2591:Jews in the civil rights movement
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295:
2912:Civil rights movement portal
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2753:Freedom Riders National Monument
2495:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1007:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
966:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
853:Second Emancipation Proclamation
2780:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
2768:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1244:National Council of Negro Women
1182:Deacons for Defense and Justice
660:Mansfield school desegregation
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367:
352:
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187:, and was affiliated with the
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2790:National Voting Rights Museum
2733:Civil Rights Movement Archive
2532:Lynching in the United States
2419:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
874:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
847:University of Chicago sit-ins
614:Davis v. Prince Edward County
461:Columbia Oral History Project
389:Newfield, Jack (2007-04-17).
231:
2785:National Civil Rights Museum
2641:March on Washington Movement
2626:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1095:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
208:in the South and organizing
7:
2429:"This Little Light of Mine"
1177:Dallas County Voters League
1123:Atlanta Negro Voters League
886:Letter from Birmingham Jail
593:Brown v. Board of Education
265:
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2763:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
2631:Holt Street Baptist Church
2601:16th Street Baptist Church
1585:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1229:Nashville Student Movement
1159:An Appeal for Human Rights
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2260:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2230:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
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1294:Women's Political Council
1289:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1284:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1269:Southern Regional Council
1239:Northern Student Movement
1148:Committee for Freedom Now
1108:
1055:Memphis sanitation strike
1021:Voting Rights Act of 1965
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764:Savannah Protest Movement
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545:Journey of Reconciliation
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165:Northern Student Movement
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61:
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20:Northern Student Movement
1128:Atlanta Student Movement
1077:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1002:1964–1965 Scripto strike
983:Civil Rights Act of 1964
881:1963 Birmingham campaign
774:Civil Rights Act of 1960
698:Civil Rights Act of 1957
2680:Voter Education Project
2434:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2095:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
1530:Josephine Dobbs Clement
956:Chester school protests
951:Twenty-fourth Amendment
913:Detroit Walk to Freedom
655:Tallahassee bus boycott
576:Baton Rouge bus boycott
276:New York Public Library
2893:Movement photographers
2135:Bernice Johnson Reagon
1855:Martin Luther King Sr.
1850:Martin Luther King Jr.
1420:William Holmes Borders
1192:Highlander Folk School
1082:Poor People's Campaign
935:St. Augustine movement
785:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
708:Katz Drug Store sit-in
679:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
641:Montgomery bus boycott
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85:New Haven, Connecticut
2728:Civil Rights Memorial
2616:Bethel Baptist Church
2265:Charles Kenzie Steele
1710:Audrey Faye Hendricks
1615:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1595:Patricia Stephens Due
1565:Abraham Lincoln Davis
1500:Colia Lafayette Clark
1254:Operation Breadbasket
1249:National Urban League
996:Katzenbach v. McClung
864:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
517:Civil rights movement
226:William L. Strickland
158:
128:William L. Strickland
2773:other King memorials
2748:Freedom Rides Museum
2685:1960s counterculture
2636:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2315:Walter Francis White
2220:Alexander D. Shimkin
734:New Year's Day March
703:Ministers' Manifesto
550:Executive Order 9981
334:Nina Mjagkij (ed.),
312:SNCC Digital Gateway
289:Notes and References
2511:Mary McLeod Bethune
2472:Sermon on the Mount
2439:"We Shall Overcome"
2020:William Lewis Moore
1800:Frank Minis Johnson
1775:Richie Jean Jackson
1730:Donald L. Hollowell
1535:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
1340:Gwendolyn Armstrong
1335:William G. Anderson
1315:Victoria Gray Adams
1279:The Freedom Singers
1133:Black Panther Party
918:March on Washington
831:Garner v. Louisiana
792:Boynton v. Virginia
181:Peter J. Countryman
124:Peter J. Countryman
37:Peter J. Countryman
21:
2828:Michael Eric Dyson
2713:In popular culture
2596:Fifth Circuit Four
2580:Loving v. Virginia
2573:Hernandez v. Texas
2552:Buchanan v. Warley
2544:Separate but equal
2538:Plessy v. Ferguson
2501:Frederick Douglass
2335:Robert F. Williams
2245:Kelly Miller Smith
2225:Fred Shuttlesworth
2150:Frederick D. Reese
2130:George Raymond Jr.
2120:A. Philip Randolph
2100:Fay Bellamy Powell
2015:Queen Mother Moore
1900:Z. Alexander Looby
1845:Coretta Scott King
1790:Barbara Rose Johns
1770:Jimmie Lee Jackson
1695:William E. Harbour
1475:Stokely Carmichael
1390:Randolph Blackwell
1060:King assassination
1049:Loving v. Virginia
1033:March Against Fear
1013:How Long, Not Long
891:Children's Crusade
842:Cambridge movement
779:Ax Handle Saturday
744:Greensboro sit-ins
671:Give Us the Ballot
391:"The Student Left"
171:) was an American
161:
101:Conference of the
19:
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2696:Eyes on the Prize
2611:A.G. Gaston Motel
2606:Kelly Ingram Park
2566:Sweatt v. Painter
2250:Mary Louise Smith
2210:Cleveland Sellers
2195:Michael Schwerner
2160:Gloria Richardson
1940:Thurgood Marshall
1860:Bernard Lafayette
1590:John Wesley Dobbs
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823:Birmingham attack
803:Rock Hill sit-ins
754:Sibley Commission
749:Nashville sit-ins
621:Gebhart v. Belton
607:Briggs v. Elliott
600:Bolling v. Sharpe
561:Sweatt v. Painter
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2858:Steven F. Lawson
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2818:Clayborne Carson
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2506:W. E. B. Du Bois
2355:Sammy Younge Jr.
2340:Q. V. Williamson
2305:Wyatt Tee Walker
2170:Bernice Robinson
2115:Lincoln Ragsdale
2105:Rodney N. Powell
2000:Douglas E. Moore
1875:Sanford R. Leigh
1810:J. Charles Jones
1685:Fannie Lou Hamer
1600:Joseph Ellwanger
1560:Jonathan Daniels
1550:Claudette Colvin
1540:Annie Lee Cooper
1525:Kathleen Cleaver
1520:Eldridge Cleaver
1495:Shirley Chisholm
1385:Gloria Blackwell
976:workers' murders
923:"I Have a Dream"
818:Anniston bombing
769:Greenville Eight
684:Little Rock Nine
647:Browder v. Gayle
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2838:Adam Fairclough
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2285:Hartman Turnbow
2275:Dorothy Tillman
2235:Glenn E. Smiley
2215:Charles Sherrod
2175:Jo Ann Robinson
2050:Charles Neblett
2040:Elijah Muhammad
2005:Harriette Moore
1965:Floyd McKissick
1950:Franklin McCain
1885:Stanley Levison
1750:T. R. M. Howard
1700:Vincent Harding
1630:Walter Fauntroy
1515:Xernona Clayton
1465:John H. Calhoun
1450:Aurelia Browder
1440:Stanley Branche
1435:Raylawni Branch
1415:Joseph E. Boone
1400:Ezell Blair Jr.
1395:Unita Blackwell
1370:Harry Belafonte
1310:Ralph Abernathy
1298:
1234:Nation of Islam
1110:
1100:
939:
896:Birmingham riot
837:Albany Movement
759:Atlanta sit-ins
739:Sit-in movement
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718:Biloxi wade-ins
690:Cooper v. Aaron
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363:, May 17, 1963.
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177:Yale University
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2345:Andrew Young
2300:A. T. Walden
2295:C. T. Vivian
2255:Maxine Smith
2090:Homer Plessy
2070:James Orange
2025:Irene Morgan
1980:William Ming
1960:Ralph McGill
1895:Viola Liuzzo
1880:Jim Letherer
1865:James Lawson
1795:Vernon Johns
1785:Esau Jenkins
1740:Myles Horton
1690:Fred Hampton
1680:Prathia Hall
1670:Dick Gregory
1640:Marie Foster
1635:James Forman
1625:James Farmer
1610:Medgar Evers
1570:Angela Davis
1505:Ramsey Clark
1485:James Chaney
1480:Johnnie Carr
1460:Ralph Bunche
1455:H. Rap Brown
1445:Ruby Bridges
1405:Joanne Bland
1380:Claude Black
1360:Marion Barry
1330:Muhammad Ali
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713:Kissing Case
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402:. Retrieved
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269:
260:
256:
243:
239:
235:
223:
219:
210:rent strikes
173:civil rights
168:
164:
162:
149:2,200 (1963)
145:Volunteers
57:organization
55:Civil rights
2863:Doug McAdam
2833:Chuck Fager
2460:Nonviolence
2365:James Zwerg
2360:Bob Zellner
2320:Roy Wilkins
2270:Hank Thomas
2205:Pete Seeger
2200:Bobby Seale
2065:Jack O'Dell
2060:Edgar Nixon
1990:Amzie Moore
1985:Jack Minnis
1925:Mae Mallory
1910:Clara Luper
1870:Bernard Lee
1760:Cecil Ivory
1755:Ruby Hurley
1725:Oliver Hill
1720:Aaron Henry
1620:Chuck Fager
1580:Dave Dennis
1470:Guy Carawan
1410:Julian Bond
1375:James Bevel
1365:Daisy Bates
636:Emmett Till
519:(1954–1968)
253:Later years
246:Black Power
179:in 1961 by
135:Employees
2926:Categories
2806:historians
2487:Satyagraha
2453:Influences
2145:James Reeb
2080:James Peck
2075:Rosa Parks
2045:Diane Nash
1915:Danny Lyon
1890:John Lewis
1835:A. D. King
1735:James Hood
1350:Ella Baker
1320:Zev Aelony
447:2019-11-17
404:2019-06-13
317:2018-12-02
232:Early work
201:inner city
119:Key people
67:inner city
2465:Padayatra
2414:"Kumbaya"
2374:By region
2030:Bob Moses
1935:Bob Mants
1920:Malcolm X
1840:C.B. King
1660:Fred Gray
1303:Activists
944:1964–1968
727:1960–1963
585:1954–1959
399:0027-8378
139:50 (1963)
43:Dissolved
2395:Movement
1825:Tom Kahn
1109:Activist
529:timeline
266:Archives
197:tutoring
78:Location
2520:Related
2110:Al Raby
1065:funeral
928:Big Six
216:History
206:sit-ins
98:Origins
71:sit-ins
33:Founder
25:Founded
2706:Legacy
2482:Ahimsa
1111:groups
572:(1950)
564:(1950)
525:Events
397:
343:
110:Method
105:(1961)
2804:Noted
2397:songs
1217:NAACP
1070:riots
62:Focus
46:1966?
395:ISSN
361:Time
341:ISBN
163:The
87:and
51:Type
28:1961
169:NSM
2928::
429:^
413:^
393:.
326:^
310:.
297:^
285:.
278:.
228:.
2674:"
2670:"
1015:"
1011:"
855:"
851:"
673:"
669:"
531:)
527:(
509:e
502:t
495:v
450:.
407:.
320:.
167:(
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