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99:. Ewes are normally shorn prior to lambing in the warmer months, but consideration is typically made as to the welfare of the lambs by not shearing during cold climate winters. However, in high country regions, pre lamb shearing encourages ewes to seek shelter among the hillsides so that newborn lambs are not completely exposed to the elements. Shorn sheep tolerate frosts well, but young sheep especially will suffer in cold, wet windy weather (even in cold climate summers). In this event they are shedded for several nights until the weather clears. Some sheep may also be shorn with stud combs commonly known as cover combs which leave more wool on the animal in colder months, giving greater protection.
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Australia president Geoff Fisken said the behavior shown in the video was "unacceptable and unsupportable" but that "we're sure it doesn't portray the 99.9% majority of wool shearers – and those shearers would be appalled by it as well". More recent footage and images of
Australian workers abusing sheep have been released by anonymous sources, some of which was included in
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and this is more suitable for cold climates such as the
Canterbury high country in the South Island of New Zealand where approximately half a million sheep are still shorn with blade shears each year. For those areas where no powered-machinery is available blade shears are the only option. In Australia blades are more commonly used to shear stud rams.
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countries that have hosted the sheep shearing World
Championships have been New Zealand (3 times), England (3 times), Australia (2 times), Wales, Ireland, Scotland, South Africa & Norway. Out of 13 World Championships, New Zealand have won the team Machine contest 10 times, and famous New Zealand sheep-shearer
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except that the hinge is at the end farthest from the point (not in the middle). The cutting edges pass each other as the shearer squeezes them together and shear the wool close to the animal's skin. Blade shears are still used today but in a more limited way. Blade shears leave some wool on a sheep
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The shearer begins by removing the belly wool, which is separated from the main fleece by a rouseabout, while the sheep is still being shorn. A professional or "gun" shearer typically removes a fleece, without significantly marking or cutting the sheep, in two to three minutes, depending on the size
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organizations have raised concerns about the abuse of sheep during shearing, and have advocated against the selling and buying of wool products. Sheep shearers are paid by the number of sheep shorn, not by the hour, and there are no requirements for formal training or accreditation. Because of this
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In the US, the worldwide shortage of shearers is becoming a consideration for those wanting to expand wool production. With sheep numbers declining in that country the profession sees significantly less interest in becoming a qualified shearer. Importing labour during the
Australian off-season has
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by one or more wool rollers to remove the sweat fribs and other less desirable parts of the fleece. The removed pieces largely consist of shorter, seeded, burry or dusty wool etc. which is still useful in the industry. As such they are placed in separate containers and sold along with fleece wool.
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and the day is divided into four "runs" of two hours each. "Smoko" breaks are a half-hour each and a lunch break is taken at midday for one hour. Most shearers are paid on a piece-rate per sheep. Shearers who "tally" more than 200 sheep per day are known as "gun shearers". Typical mass shearing of
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in that a power-driven toothed blade, known as a cutter, is driven back and forth over the surface of a comb and the wool is cut from the animal. The original machine shears were powered by a fixed hand-crank linked to the handpiece by a shaft with only two universal joints, which afforded a very
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before shearing can start. then shorn by professional shearing teams working eight-hour days, most often in spring, by machine shearing. These contract-teams consist of shearers, shed hands and a cook (in the more isolated areas). Their working hours and wages are regulated by industry awards. A
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In
October, 2008 the event was hosted in Norway. It was the first time ever that the event was hosted by a non-English speaking country. The newly crowned World Machine Shearing champion is Paul Avery from New Zealand. New Zealand also won the team event, and the traditional blade-shears World
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The shearing World
Championships are hosted by different countries every 2–3 years and eight countries have hosted the event. The first World Championships were held at the Bath & West showground, England, in 1977, and the first Machine-Shearing winner was Roger Cox from New Zealand. Other
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reported that the video showed, "sheep being roughly handled, punched in the face and stamped upon. One sheep was beaten with a hammer while another was shown having a deep cut crudely sewn up." The
Shearing Contractors Association of Australia "applauded" the investigation, and Wool Producers
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Sheep shearing and wool handling competitions are held regularly in parts of the world, particularly
Ireland, the UK, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. As sheep shearing is an arduous task, speed shearers, for all types of equipment and sheep, are usually very fit and well trained. In
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In 2013, an anonymous shearer reported instances of animal abuse by workers, an allegation to which an
Australian Worker's Union representative added that he had witnessed "shearers gouge eyes and break sheep jaws." Australian Wool Innovation insisted that animal welfare was a priority among
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that creates a natural break in the wool fibres. After fitting a retaining net to enclose the wool, sheep are injected with the protein. When the net is removed after a week, the fleece has separated and is removed by hand. In some breeds a similar process occurs naturally.
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limited range of motion. Later models have more joints to allow easier positioning of the handpiece on the animal. Electric motors on each stand have generally replaced overhead gear for driving the handpieces. The jointed arm is replaced in many instances with a
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The practice of washing the wool rather than the sheep evolved from the fact that hotter water could be used to wash the wool, than that used to wash the sheep. When the practice of selling wool in the grease occurred in the 1890s, wool washing became obsolete.
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Blade shearing has recently made a resurgence in
Australia and the UK but mostly for sport rather than commercial shearing. Some competitions have attracted almost 30 competitors and there have even been shows created just for blade shearers to compete in.
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was one of the most important factors in the English economy. The main sheep-shearing was an annual midsummer (June) event in medieval England culminating in the sheep-shearing feast. It had always been conventional practice to wash sheep.
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remain, in a wide variety of materials and styles, and have been the subject of books and documentation for heritage authorities. Some farmers are reluctant to remove either the equipment or the sheds, and many unused sheds remain intact.
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448:. Smaller motors allowed the production of shears in which the motor is in the handpiece; these are generally not used by professional shearers as the weight of the motor and the heat generated by it becomes bothersome with long use.
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Australia and New Zealand had to discard the old methods of wool harvesting and evolve more efficient systems to cope with the huge numbers of sheep involved. Shearing was revolutionized by the invention of an Australian sheepgrower,
354:, which is performed by a registered and qualified wool classer. Based on its type, the fleece is placed into the relevant wool bin ready to be pressed (mechanically compressed) when there is sufficient wool to make a
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method developed in 1963 and promoted by the Australian Wool Corporation. Sheep struggle less using the Tally-Hi method, reducing strain on the shearer and there is a saving of about 30 seconds in shearing each one.
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Committee on the Economic Development and Current Status of the Sheep Industry in the United States, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council (2008).
370:), there is a natural break in the growth of the wool in spring. By late spring this causes the fleece to begin to peel away from the body, and it may then be plucked by hand without cutting – this is known as
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and condition of the sheep—less than two minutes in elite-competitive shearing. The shorn sheep is released and removed from the board via a chute in the floor or in a wall, to an exterior counting-out pen.
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World Blade Shearing has been dominated by South African and Lesotho shearers, Fine Wool machine shearing dominated by Australian shearers, and New Zealand dominating the Strong Wool machine shearing.
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Other items removed from the fleece on the table, such as faeces, skin fragments or twigs and leaves, are discarded a short distance from the wool table so as not to contaminate the wool and fleece.
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station. Along with the shearers there were 107 wool handlers and penners-up and more than 10,000 visitors to witness this event in the restored shed. Over this weekend the scene in Tom Robert's
80:. Typically each adult sheep is shorn once each year (depending upon dialect, a sheep may be said to have been "shorn", "sheared" or "shore" ). The annual shearing most often occurs in a
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for the washing. Australian growers were influenced by the Spanish practice of washing their very fine wool after shearing. There were three main reasons for the custom in Australia:
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J. T. Killen, "The Wool Industry of Crete in the Late Bronze Age". The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 59 (1964), pp. 1–15 Published by: British School at Athens.
84:, a facility especially designed to process often hundreds and sometimes more than 3,000 sheep per day. A working group of shearers and accompanying wool workers is known as a
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A culture has evolved out of the practice of sheep shearing, especially in post-colonial Australia and New Zealand. The sheep-shearing feast is the setting for Act IV of
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Champion is Ziewilelle Hans from South Africa. A record 29 countries competed at the 2008 event. The next World Championship will be held in France in July 2019.
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During Australia's long weekend in June 2010, 111 machine shearers and 78 blade shearers shore 6,000 Merino ewes and 178 rams at the historic 72 stand
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A sheep is caught by the shearer, from the catching pen, and taken to his "stand" on the shearing board. It is shorn using a mechanical handpiece (see
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rules. Although they were once rare in sheds, women now take a large part in the shearing industry by working as pressers, wool rollers, rouseabouts,
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585:, a recent Australian documentary on animal farm abuses. No comment has been made about this by the Shearing Contractors Association of Australia.
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725:, NSW, Australia. This seat was inspired by the combs, cutters, wool tables and grating associated with the craft and industry of shearing.
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washed their sheep in nearby creeks prior to shearing. Later some expensive hot water installations were constructed on some of the larger
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830:– a hermit sheep that became notable in New Zealand for his extraordinarily thick fleece after avoiding being shorn for six years.
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Sheep shearing is also considered a sport with competitions held around the world. It is often done between spring and summer.
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Sheep are shorn in all seasons including winter, depending on the climate, management requirements and the availability of a
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Whatever device is used, shearers must be careful to keep it clean so as to prevent the spread of disease amongst a flock.
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The English manufacturers demanded that Australian woolgrowers provide their fleeces free from excessive vegetable matter,
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Many stations across Australia no longer carry sheep due to lower wool prices, drought and other disasters, but their
338:). The wool table top consists of slats spaced approximately 12 cm apart. This enables short pieces of wool, the
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also become problematic because of delays in obtaining work visa and because shearers numbers are limited worldwide.
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Following the skirting of the fleece, it is folded, rolled and examined for its quality in a process known as
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In 1984 Australia became the last country in the world to legalize the use of wide combs, due to previous
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Shearing tables were invented in the 1950s and have not proved popular, although some are still used for
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Taylor, Peter, Pastoral Properties of Australia, George Allen & Unwin, Sydney, London, Boston,1984
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The dirty fleeces were hard to shear and demanded that the metal blade shears be sharpened more often.
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said was taken in more than a dozen shearing sheds in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.
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sheds in Australia had installed machines, driven by steam or later by internal combustion engines.
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or horse teams and charged by weight. Washed wool was lighter and did not cost as much to transport.
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Gilbert, Lionel, New England Readings, Armidale College of Advanced Education, Armidale, 1977
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and other debris, to gather beneath the table separately from the fleece. The fleece is then
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tablets is the great archive principally of shearing records though also of sheep breeding.
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for the livestock-growing culture or "life on the land" in Australia. It was parodied in
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Changes in the Sheep Industry in the United States: Making the Transition from Tradition
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in Australia has developed a non-mechanical method of shearing sheep using an injected
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were introduced after 1888, reducing second cuts and shearing time. By 1915 most large
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below). The wool is removed by following an efficient set of movements, devised by
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Sim, Terry; Hough, Cassie (10 June 2010). "Shear spectacular sparks pilgrimage".
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it is alleged that speed is prioritised over precision and care of the animal.
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1427:"World Shearing Championships: World Champions, shearing and Woolhandling"
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in parts of the twentieth century no longer has the currency it once had.
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began a cruelty investigation following the release of video footage that
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Machine shears, known as handpieces, operate in a similar manner to human
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127:, derived its wealth from the sheep wool industry. The largest group of
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Once the entire fleece has been removed from the sheep, the fleece is
374:. Individual sheep may reach this stage at slightly different times.
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971:. Vol. 8. Sydney: Halstead Press. 1963. p. 86. Shearing.
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The world's largest sheep shearing and wool handling contest, the
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1891, detailing the daily life of the members of a shearing gang.
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Blade shearing demonstration at the New York Sheep & Wool Fair
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to protect their feet, grip wooden floors well, and absorb sweat.
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is cut off. The person who removes the sheep's wool is called a
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File:Scientific American - Series 2 - Volume 001 - Issue 03.pdf
1341:, Vol. 4, May 2009, The Land, Rural Press, North Richmond, NSW
1141:"CSIRO Media Release: REVOLUTIONARY WOOL HARVESTING TAKES OFF"
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186:. His machines made in Birmingham, England, by his business
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1209:"Welfare group targets abuse in Australian shearing sheds"
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Blade shears consist of two blades arranged similarly to
1402:"Star Profile: David Fagan – Shearing – NZ Herald News"
225:, inspected and possibly treated for parasites such as
904:"Sheep shearers flock to world championship in France"
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a sheep shearing contest is one of the events of the
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Make wafers and cakes, for our sheepe must be shorne,
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deal primarily with Australia and do not represent a
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761:, the country's premier agricultural show held near
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but good cheer and welcome, like neighbors to haue"
1355:. North Richmond, NSW: Rural Press. pp. 16–19.
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At sheep shearing neighbors none other thing craue,
1162:Devantier, Alecia T.; Carol A. Turkington (2009).
772:, is held in the Wairarapa district, New Zealand.
710:. The expression that Australia's wealth rode on
612:Wife make us a dinner, spare flesh neither corne,
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1259:Union concerned about shearers mistreating sheep
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251:press and store the wool until it is transported
1046:Court, Jane; Sue Hides; John Webb-Ware (2010).
208:
30:"Shearing" redirects here. For other uses, see
1272:Sheep cruelty video sparks RSPCA investigation
1248:
534:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
469:The examples and perspective in this section
366:In some primitive sheep (for example in many
235:sheep today follows a well-defined workflow:
1031:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
882:
431:The Wolseley Sheep Shearing Machine Company
188:The Wolseley Sheep Shearing Machine Company
27:Process by which wool on a sheep is cut off
780:has been World Champion a record 5 times.
607:provides doggerel verse for the occasion:
544:this issue before removing this message.
487:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1289:Shearers back PETA: no excuse for cruelty
1004:. National Academies Press. p. 286.
980:
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503:Learn how and when to remove this message
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950:Preparing Wool for Market. p. 34, col 3,
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872:. Richmond: Rural Press. 13 March 2008.
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1339:Great Holiday Ideas – Relax at Walcha
1327:Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry
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1302:"Knowledgebase: Wool - Aussie Farms"
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248:place it in the appropriate wool bin
242:throw the fleece onto the wool table
217:Throwing a fleece onto a wool table.
1211:. Australia: ABC News. 10 July 2014
1168:. Infobase Publishing. p. 99.
901:
861:
694:, a painting by Australian painter
538:create a more balanced presentation
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59:Shears and cowbells c. 250 AD Spain
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1196:Australian Broadcasting Corp. News
568:shearers. The following year, the
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51:is using a sling for back support.
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1052:. Csiro Publishing. p. 183.
839:Station (New Zealand agriculture)
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640:1891 Australian shearers' strike
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245:skirt, roll and class the fleece
221:Today large flocks of sheep are
169:Wool in Australia was carted by
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1369:. ABC News Online. 6 March 2007
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147:In Australia, until the 1870s,
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1291:," FARMONLINE, 11 July 2014.
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678:is a traditional Australian
209:Modern shearing in Australia
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66:is the process by which the
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483:, discuss the issue on the
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257:Australian Workers' Union
47:, Western Australia. The
885:Handbook for Woolgrowers
952:The Scientific American
184:Frederick York Wolseley
1530:Culture of New Zealand
1406:The New Zealand Herald
1400:Rattue, Chris (2011).
1390:Retrieved on 2009-6-30
1367:"Shearer sets records"
1306:www.aussiefarms.org.au
1235:awardviewer.fwo.gov.au
1198:accessed 10 March 2017
670:
634:Culture of New Zealand
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123:Europe's oldest city,
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32:Shear (disambiguation)
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1090:"The Bowen Technique"
967:"Chisholm, Alec H.".
889:Australian Wool Board
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119:Sheep in modern Crete
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111:Pre-Industrial Europe
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883:Moule, G.R. (1972).
734:Shearing of the Rams
481:improve this section
1535:Culture of Scotland
902:AFP (4 July 2019).
675:Click Go the Shears
589:Shearing in culture
279:in about 1950 (the
43:Machine shearing a
1525:Culture of England
1520:Culture of Ireland
1388:Golden Shears 2009
1117:on 2 December 2008
805:Agriculture portal
708:Ramming the Shears
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1515:Culture of Canada
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1111:"Sheep parasites"
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719:Hardy's Bay
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595:Shakespeare
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1479:Categories
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855:References
844:Wool alien
818:Hag ha-Gez
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638:See also:
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1240:30 August
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1027:cite book
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368:Shetlands
356:wool bale
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283:) or the
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870:The Land
791:See also
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652:Chartism
630:Mateship
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479:You may
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129:Linear B
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1329:, 1557.
1143:. CSIRO
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313:protein
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340:locks
309:CSIRO
161:burrs
72:sheep
70:of a
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