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Shalimar's main entrance was onto the lower-most terrace, which was open to noblemen, and occasionally to the public. The middle terrace was the
Emperor's Garden, and contained the most elaborate waterworks of any Mughal garden. The highest terrace was reserved for the Emperor's
651:. The enclosed garden is rendered cooler than surrounding areas by the garden's dense foliage, and water features - a relief during Lahore's blistering summers, with temperature sometimes exceeding 120 °F (49 °C). The distribution of the fountains is as follows:
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The courtiers present passed high eulogies on the Maharájá's ingenuity in selecting so charming a name for the famous gardens of Láhore, and it was ordered, accordingly, that henceforward the gardens be called by that name, and written so in all public
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word which means pleasure and the mar means the place to live in". "The arguments of the courtiers in favour of the Turkic signification of the word failing to make any impression on Ranjit Singh, he gave his own name to the garden, and called it
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to the
Emperor Shah Jahan in order for the gardens to be built. In return, Shah Jahan granted the Arain Mian family governance of the Shalimar Gardens, and the gardens remained under their custodianship for over 350 years.
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Lahore's
Shalimar Gardens were built by the Mughal royal family primarily as a venue for them to entertain guests, though a large portion was open to the general public. The gardens' design was influenced by the older
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intended to create a representation of an earthly utopia in which humans co-exist in perfect harmony with all elements of nature. Construction of the gardens began in 1641 during the reign of
Emperor
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397:. Unlike the gardens in Kashmir which relied on naturally sloping landscapes, the waterworks in Lahore required extensive engineering to create artificial cascades and terraces.
286:, Pakistan. The gardens date from the period when the Mughal Empire was at its artistic and aesthetic zenith, and are now one of Pakistan's most popular tourist destinations.
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The garden during Sikh-rule. Lithograph titled 'The
Shalimar Gardens, Lahore', from 'The Court and Camp of Runjeet Sing' by William Godolphin Osborne, ca.1840.
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The
Shalimar Gardens are laid out in the form of a rectangle aligned along a north–south axis, and measure 658 metres by 258 metres, and cover an area of 16
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The
Shalimar Garden's contain the most waterworks of any Mughal Garden. It contains 410 fountains, which discharge into wide marble pools, each known as a
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represents a harmonious existence between humans and nature, and represents a poetic connection between heaven and earth. All natural elements of the
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walkways designed to be elevated in order to provide better views of the garden. Cascades were made to flow over a marble paths in what are known as
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was responsible for most of the construction, and had a 100-mile-long canal built to bring water from the foothills of
Kashmir to the site.
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gardens built in
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The most plausible interpretation, however, seems to be that the word "Shalamar" is a corruption of original "Shalimar" .
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The square shaped terraces were both divided into four equivalent smaller squares by long fountains flanked by brick
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The gardens are however still known as the "Shalimar
Gardens" nowadays. According to Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan,
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The site was chosen for its stable water supply. The project was managed by Khalilullah Khan, a noble of
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REHMAN, A. (2009). "Changing Concepts of Garden Design in Lahore from Mughal to Contemporary Times".
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Convention concerning the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage sites in 1972.
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Construction of the gardens began on 12 June 1641, and took 18 months to complete. During the
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Irrigating the Shalimar Gardens in addition to canal named Shah Nahar Youtube link in Urdu
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The Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum
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Chapter on Mughal Gardens from Dunbarton Oaks discusses the Shalimar Gardens
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or summer pavilions to enjoy the coolness created by the Gardens' fountains
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406:"Paradise garden" - a microcosm of an earthly utopia. Though the word
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as they embody Mughal garden design at the apogee of its development.
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History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time
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Symbol, Pattern and Symmetry: The Cultural Significance of Structure
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The gardens provide a popular recreation spot for Lahore's residents
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The site of the Shalimar Gardens originally belonged to the
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Minaret on the west wall corner of the second level terrace
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Lahore: Its History, Architectural Remains and Antiquities
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encloses the site in order to allow for the creation of a
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The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture
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or Hall of special and ordinary audience with the emperor
608:. The second and third terraces are jointly known as the
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Upon A Trailing Edge: Risk, the Heart and the Air Pilot
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Garden History: Philosophy and Design 2000 BC – 2000 AD
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Two gateways and minarets in the corners of the Gardens
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The Shalimar Gardens were designed as a Persian-style
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The middle level terrace of the garden, known as the
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members had opposed his imposition of martial law in
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Gardens of the Mughal Empire. Retrieved 20 June 2012
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paradise garden - a microcosm of an earthly utopia.
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are appreciated - including the sun, moon, and air.
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View from Farah Baksh (Bestower of Pleasure) terrace
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of Begum Sahib or Dream place of the emperor's wife
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451:. Mian Muhammad Yusuf, then the head of the Arain
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548:festival used to take place in the gardens until
3252:
393:that were built by Shah Jahan's father, Emperor
222:
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988:List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
364:, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the
1432:, Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre
1343:. Troubador Publishing Ltd. 2015. p. 268.
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600:The uppermost terrace of the gardens is named
166:Location of Shalimar Gardens, Lahore in Lahore
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523:ordered the Shalimar Gardens to be repaired.
920:East wall corner of the second level terrace
771:In 1981, Shalimar Gardens was included as a
668:The Gardens have 5 water cascades including
664:All combined, the Gardens has 410 fountains.
3261:Cultural heritage sites in Punjab, Pakistan
2532:Cultural heritage sites in Punjab, Pakistan
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944:A Mughal style structure inside the gardens
658:The middle level terrace has 152 fountains.
360:The Shalimar Garden is located next to the
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661:The lower level terrace has 153 fountains.
655:The upper level terrace has 105 fountains.
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593:. Each terrace level is 4–5 metres (13–15
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526:The Gardens were nationalised in 1962 by
23:Mughal garden complex in Lahore, Pakistan
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1301:. Oxford University: New Imperial Press.
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289:The Shalimar Gardens were laid out as a
16:For other gardens of the same name, see
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1120:Lahore: Glimpses of a Glorious Heritage
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3133:Presentation Convent Girls High School
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692:The buildings of the Gardens include:
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1430:The Shalimar: A Typical Muslim Garden
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1026:"Fort and Shalimar Gardens in Lahore"
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1003:List of parks and gardens in Pakistan
2955:St. Joseph's Cathedral of Rawalpindi
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998:List of parks and gardens in Lahore
679:
433:'s court, in cooperation with and
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230:Shalimar Gardens, Lahore (Pakistan)
13:
1418:UNESCO World Heritage Site Profile
688:Painted door from Shalimar Gardens
597:) higher than the previous level.
568:terrace, was the Emperor's garden.
410:is translated simply as "garden",
14:
3327:
1411:
1171:World heritage: sites in Pakistan
642:
3306:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
3195:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan
3143:Sialkot Junction railway station
2940:Sacred Heart Cathedral of Lahore
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317:The courtiers told the Maharaja
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1774:Suppression of Tilpat rebellion
1373:
1333:
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1168:Khan, Muhammad Ishtiaq (2000).
766:
572:Mughal Gardens were based upon
3311:World Heritage Sites in Danger
2311:List of tombs of Mughal Empire
1769:Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)
1764:Mughal–Safavid war (1622–1623)
1263:
1161:
1110:
1098:
504:gate was stripped and sold by
78:and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
1:
3301:Tourist attractions in Lahore
1295:Latif, Syad Muhammad (1892).
1191:The Art of the Islamic Garden
1117:Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry (1998).
1008:
375:
3296:Royal residences in Pakistan
2818:Shrine of Jalaluddin Bukhari
2813:Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya
1359:Gardens of the Mughal Empire
1227:Schimmel, Annemarie (2004).
500:, while the gardens' costly
7:
3291:Persian gardens in Pakistan
3266:1642 establishments in Asia
2950:St. John's Church of Jhelum
2540:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
1819:Mughal–Portuguese conflicts
976:
391:Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir
372:. Near Bhaghbanpura Lahore
355:
270:
10:
3332:
3271:Mughal gardens in Pakistan
3138:Rawalpindi railway station
3113:Faisalabad railway station
3098:Bahawalpur Central Library
2859:Lahore High Court building
2218:Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad
1235:. Reaktion Books. p.
983:Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)
786:
773:UNESCO World Heritage Site
463:
299:UNESCO World Heritage Site
195:Shalimar Gardens, Lahore (
36:UNESCO World Heritage Site
15:
3201:
3103:Bahawal Victoria Hospital
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2238:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
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1960:
1827:
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1607:
1489:
1361:. Smithsonian Productions
143:
104:
92:
82:
71:
51:
42:
33:
2864:National College of Arts
2787:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam
1809:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1754:Mughal conquest of Malwa
670:the great marble cascade
480:Shalimar Gardens in 1895
304:
29:Shalamar Gardens, Lahore
3276:Mughal terraced gardens
3021:National History Museum
2808:Shrine of Baha'al-Halim
2727:Tomb of Ali Mardan Khan
1784:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
1312:Hari Ram Gupta (1991).
1258:shalimar lahore public.
472:Inside Shalimar Gardens
449:Mian Family Baghbanpura
291:Persian paradise garden
2772:Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal
2762:Shrine of Khalid Walid
2594:Faisalabad Clock Tower
1380:Hann, Michael (2013).
689:
569:
516:
481:
473:
435:Mulla Alaul Maulk Tuni
385:
353:
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314:
3281:Fountains in Pakistan
3206:Ruins of Mohenjo-daro
2965:Multan Eid Gah Mosque
2925:Mariyam Zamani Mosque
2915:Gurdwara Janam Asthan
2296:Tomb of Salim Chishti
1779:Ahom–Mughal conflicts
1529:Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)
687:
563:
514:
479:
471:
420:Muhammad Saleh Kamboh
383:
370:Walled City of Lahore
349:
340:
338:” meaning “garden.”"
312:
128:31.58583°N 74.38194°E
3026:Pakistan Army Museum
3001:House of Abdus Salam
2874:Quaid-e-Azam Library
2842:Government buildings
2833:Shrine of Shah Jamal
2777:Tomb of Nadira Begum
2742:Tomb of Bibi Jawindi
2609:Islamic Summit Minar
2258:Tombs and mausoleums
1315:History of the Sikhs
1270:Turner, Tom (2005).
1188:Clark, Emma (2004).
1149:Latif, Syad Muhammad
715:or Sleeping chambers
614:Bestower of Goodness
606:Bestower of Pleasure
604:, literally meaning
552:forbade it in 1958.
506:Lehna Singh Majithia
455:, ceded the site of
233:Show map of Pakistan
2960:Saleh Kamboh Mosque
2910:Data Durbar Complex
2890:Aqsa Mosque, Rabwah
2883:Religious buildings
2614:Sialkot Clock Tower
2599:Nicholson's Obelisk
2223:Jama Masjid (Delhi)
1789:Mughal–Maratha wars
278:complex located in
124: /
30:
3210:Buddhist ruins of
2935:Prahladpuri Temple
2849:Ghanta Ghar Multan
2823:Shrine of Mian Mir
2589:Hakimon ka Maqbara
2475:Nizam of Hyderabad
1749:Mughal-Rajput wars
1569:Ahmad Shah Bahadur
1534:Muhammad Azam Shah
1355:"Shalimar Gardens"
753:Diwan-e-Khas-o-Aam
690:
602:Bagh-e-Farah Baksh
570:
517:
482:
474:
386:
321:"that Shala was a
315:
170:Show map of Lahore
133:31.58583; 74.38194
28:
3316:Gardens in Lahore
3248:
3247:
3161:
3160:
3153:Well of Dina Nath
2980:Wazir Khan Mosque
2970:Sialkot Cathedral
2945:Sialkot Cathedral
2782:Tomb of Nur Jahan
2767:Tomb of Lala Rukh
2757:Tomb of Jani Khan
2737:Tomb of Asif Khan
2691:Kamran's Baradari
2498:
2497:
2485:Kingdom of Mysore
2419:Foreign relations
2357:
2356:
2306:Tomb of Nur Jahan
2301:Tomb of Aurangzeb
2248:Wazir Khan Mosque
2168:Forts and palaces
2154:
2153:
2126:Guru Gobind Singh
2054:Bayazid of Sylhet
1737:
1736:
1637:Foreign relations
1428:Sattar Sikander,
1386:. A&C Black.
764:
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709:and its buildings
610:Bagh-e-Faiz Baksh
556:Design and layout
550:General Ayub Khan
528:General Ayub Khan
519:In 1806 Maharaja
268:
242:
241:
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3230:Makli Necropolis
3225:Shalamar Gardens
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3165:
3164:
3128:Omar Hayat Mahal
2854:Governor's House
2828:Shrine of Nuriya
2752:Tomb of Jahangir
2747:Tomb of Dai Anga
2732:Tomb of Anarkali
2696:Shalimar Gardens
2665:Sheikhupura Fort
2604:Minar-e-Pakistan
2558:Shalimar Gardens
2525:
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2465:Nawabs of Bengal
2428:Successor states
2332:Shalimar Gardens
2276:Gardens of Babur
2165:
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2111:Lachit Borphukan
1825:
1824:
1814:Mughal–Sikh wars
1759:Gujarat conquest
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1652:Mughal artillery
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737:or Resting place
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680:Garden pavilions
530:because leading
362:Grand Trunk Road
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204:Punjab, Pakistan
197:Punjab, Pakistan
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18:Shalimar Gardens
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3320:
3286:Parks in Lahore
3251:
3250:
3249:
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3162:
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3091:Other buildings
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2984:
2920:Katasraj temple
2905:Dai Anga Mosque
2895:Badshahi Mosque
2878:
2837:
2791:
2700:
2669:
2618:
2567:
2534:
2529:
2499:
2494:
2470:Nawabs of Awadh
2423:
2404:Persian Mughals
2353:
2337:Achabal Gardens
2315:
2286:Jahangir's Tomb
2271:Bibi Ka Maqbara
2252:
2233:Badshahi Mosque
2204:
2150:
2116:Khushal Khattak
2091:Maharana Pratap
2027:
1956:
1937:Thanesar (1710)
1932:Thanesar (1567)
1823:
1733:
1658:
1603:
1599:Bahadur Shah II
1554:Rafi ud-Darajat
1485:
1475:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1310:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1225:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1186:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1123:. p. 279.
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1076:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1011:
979:
972:
963:
954:
945:
942:
933:
930:
921:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
798:
789:
775:along with the
769:
682:
645:
558:
494:Ram Bagh Palace
466:
439:Ali Mardan Khan
422:, historian to
378:
358:
343:correspondence.
307:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
226:
209:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
192:
191:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
167:
163:
162:
161:
132:
130:
126:
123:
118:
115:
113:
111:
110:
35:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3218:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Mankiala stupa
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2996:Harappa Museum
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2975:Sunehri Mosque
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:Bloody Bastion
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:Maratha Empire
2442:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Fatehpur Sikri
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Humayun's Tomb
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2243:Sunehri Masjid
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2195:Jahangir Mahal
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Sher Shah Suri
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Panipat (1761)
1904:
1902:Panipat (1556)
1899:
1897:Panipat (1526)
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Badli-ki-Serai
1839:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1608:Administration
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:Shah Jahan III
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1539:Bahadur Shah I
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1412:External links
1410:
1407:
1406:
1393:978-1472539007
1392:
1372:
1346:
1332:
1324:
1304:
1287:
1280:
1262:
1245:
1214:
1200:
1177:
1160:
1157:. p. 361.
1137:
1129:
1109:
1097:
1086:(2): 205–217.
1080:Garden History
1039:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
978:
975:
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729:
728:
722:
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710:
704:
681:
678:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
644:
643:Water features
641:
557:
554:
546:Mela Chiraghan
465:
462:
377:
374:
357:
354:
306:
303:
240:
239:
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69:
68:
55:
49:
48:
40:
39:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
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3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Sahr-i-Bahlol
3213:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3031:Taxila Museum
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Lahore Museum
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Neevin Mosque
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
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2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Buddhu's Tomb
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Bagh-e-Jinnah
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Pharwala Fort
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Rajput states
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
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2400:
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2366:
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2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
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2322:
2318:
2312:
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2304:
2302:
2299:
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2294:
2292:
2289:
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2255:
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2226:
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2215:
2213:
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2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
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2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
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2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Carnatic wars
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Shah Jahan IV
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Muhammad Shah
1562:
1560:
1559:Shah Jahan II
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Jahandar Shah
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1483:Mughal Empire
1480:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
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1431:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1325:9788121505154
1321:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1281:9781134370825
1277:
1274:. Routledge.
1273:
1266:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1174:. p. 88.
1173:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1130:9789693509441
1126:
1122:
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1113:
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1101:
1093:
1089:
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1048:
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1044:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
970:
965:
961:
956:
952:
947:
940:
935:
928:
923:
916:
911:
907:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
880:
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3212:Takht-i-Bahi
3123:Shahi Hammam
3072:Mohra Muradu
3057:Dharmarajika
3011:Javed Manzil
3006:Iqbal Manzil
2900:Bhong Mosque
2717:Cypress Tomb
2695:
2635:Derawar Fort
2557:
2438:
2346:
2342:Shahi Bridge
2331:
2266:Akbar's Tomb
2228:Chawk Mosque
2200:Sheesh Mahal
2185:Lalbagh Fort
2160:Architecture
2146:Hector Munro
2121:Josiah Child
2071:Ibrahim Lodi
2064:Pratapaditya
2049:Khwaja Usman
1847:Bhuchar Mori
1663:
1584:Shah Alam II
1549:Farrukhsiyar
1429:
1397:. Retrieved
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779:, under the
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202:Show map of
25:
3235:Rohtas Fort
3221:Lahore Fort
3148:Wah Gardens
3118:Fareed Gate
3047:Amb Temples
2803:Data Darbar
2722:Data Darbar
2686:Hazuri Bagh
2660:Sangni Fort
2655:Rohtas Fort
2640:Lahore Fort
2630:Attock Fort
2553:Rohtas Fort
2548:Lahore Fort
2460:Sikh Empire
2439:interrupted
2180:Lahore Fort
2131:Henry Every
2096:Malik Ambar
2039:Baro-Bhuyan
2032:Adversaries
2018:Ranthambore
1973:Chittorgarh
1794:Child's war
1620:family tree
1399:30 December
1252:30 December
1207:30 December
1194:. Crowood.
993:Lahore Fort
800:Nigar Khana
777:Lahore Fort
707:Naqar Khana
566:Faiz Bakhsh
544:The annual
535:Mian family
453:Mian family
328:Shahla Bagh
259:شالیمار باغ
131: /
106:Coordinates
93:Inscription
3255:Categories
3108:Bedi Mahal
3052:Bhir Mound
2869:Noor Mahal
2650:Rawat Fort
2490:Rohilkhand
2435:Sur Empire
2141:Nader Shah
2076:Rana Sanga
1988:Daulatabad
1872:Haldighati
1804:Bengal war
1642:Government
1574:Alamgir II
1524:Shah Jahan
1246:1861891857
1201:186126609X
1009:References
747:Baradaries
612:, meaning
496:in nearby
457:Ishaq Pura
431:Shah Jahan
424:Shah Jahan
376:Background
366:Delhi Gate
295:Shah Jahan
119:74°22′55″E
116:31°35′09″N
96:1981 (5th
2584:Chauburji
2572:Monuments
2291:Taj Mahal
2175:Agra Fort
2136:Bajirao I
2059:Musa Khan
2013:Purandhar
1917:Raj Mahal
1892:Najafgarh
1742:Conflicts
1709:Hyderabad
1665:Provinces
1365:28 August
1032:4 January
741:Khawabgah
725:The Aiwan
703:pavilions
265:romanized
83:Reference
2480:Carnatic
2399:Painting
2394:Language
2362:See also
2190:Red Fort
2044:Isa Khan
2008:Kandahar
1993:Golconda
1922:Samugarh
1857:Chanderi
1647:Military
1594:Akbar II
1519:Shahryar
1514:Jahangir
1491:Emperors
1151:(1984).
1092:27821596
1028:. UNESCO
977:See also
713:Khwabgah
629:khayaban
591:hectares
583:Charbagh
578:fretwork
539:Pakistan
498:Amritsar
492:and the
486:Sikh era
403:Charbagh
395:Jahangir
356:Location
274:) are a
66:Pakistan
53:Location
3062:Harappa
2989:Museums
2796:Shrines
2674:Gardens
2414:Weapons
2389:Gardens
2384:Fashion
2379:Culture
2374:Cuisine
2210:Mosques
2106:Shivaji
2023:Sambhal
1998:Hooghly
1968:Bijapur
1942:Tukaroi
1927:Sirhind
1912:Plassey
1829:Battles
1699:Gujarat
1627:Economy
1615:Dynasty
1504:Humayun
787:Gallery
735:Aramgah
633:chadors
574:Timurid
464:History
368:of the
267::
250:Punjabi
98:Session
87:171-002
72:Part of
3240:Taxila
3082:Taxila
3077:Sirkap
2563:Taxila
2320:Others
2101:Gokula
1961:Sieges
1952:Bhulua
1887:Khanwa
1882:Khajwa
1877:Karnal
1867:Ghagra
1862:Chausa
1724:Multan
1714:Lahore
1689:Bengal
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1278:
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1198:
1127:
1090:
781:UNESCO
719:Hammam
332:Shahla
323:Turkic
284:Punjab
280:Lahore
62:Punjab
58:Lahore
3040:Ruins
2705:Tombs
2623:Forts
2409:Tribe
2003:Jinji
1983:Daman
1978:Delhi
1947:Bakla
1852:Buxar
1719:Malwa
1704:Delhi
1694:Berar
1684:Awadh
1679:Ajmer
1509:Akbar
1499:Babur
1088:JSTOR
622:harem
532:Arain
502:agate
446:Arain
305:Names
3223:and
3214:and
2455:Jats
2348:more
2086:Hemu
1837:Agra
1729:Sira
1674:Agra
1632:Flag
1401:2017
1388:ISBN
1367:2016
1320:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1254:2017
1241:ISBN
1209:2017
1196:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1034:2017
672:and
649:haūz
637:haūz
595:feet
416:bagh
412:bagh
408:Bagh
336:Bagh
254:Urdu
244:The
76:Fort
2369:Art
1237:295
3257::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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