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130:, stepping into what was for him a new field — engineering — not only knew nothing about the resistance of materials but could not even conceive of the potential resistance of souls . . . despite ten years of already sensational activity as a prosecutor. Krylenko's choice turned out to be a mistake. Palchinsky resisted every pressure the OGPU knew—and did not surrender; in fact, he died without signing any sort of nonsense at all. N. K. von Meek and A. F. Velichko were subjected to torture with him, and they, too, appear not to have given in.
303:, but Stalin insisted that international capital was trying to "weaken our economic power by means of invisible economic intervention, not always obvious but fairly serious, organizing sabotage, planning all kinds of 'crises' in one branch of industry or another, and thus facilitating the possibility of future military intervention". He said: "We have internal enemies. We have external enemies. We cannot forget this for a moment." Bukharin and Rykov were tried and convicted of treason in 1937 in one of the
100:, accusing them of conspiring with former owners of coal mines, who were living abroad and barred from the Soviet Union since the Revolution, to sabotage the Soviet economy. The group was charged with a multitude of crimes, including planning the explosions in the mines, buying equipment from foreign companies that was not needed, incorrectly administering labor laws and safety protocols, and failing to properly set up new mines. The architect of these arrests and interrogations was
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325:... the accused men were coming into the court pre-judged... We waited in vain for a genuine piece of impersonal and unimpeachable testimony... that did not carry the suspicion of G.P.U. extortion. The "far-reaching international intrigue" never did emerge... Only a very few , among them two aged Jews, Rabinovich and Imineetov, retained their self-respect intact. Imineetov said, "One day another
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caused a trend of support for the government. The Soviet government used the resentment the low level workers had to gain their support of the government. During and after the trial there was an increase of government industrial loan bond purchases by low level workers. The trial also created a fear that
Germans and revolutionaries were threatening the country.
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The trial caused the worker population to turn on engineers, factory administrators and technicians. The worker population already had issues with the companies they worked for due to low wages and poor working conditions. The trial contributed to their distrust and resentment towards them. This also
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Following the
Shakhty Trials came a flood of social expulsion, primarily in secondary schools. Any children who were part of an illegal social organization, such as religious groups or the Boy Scouts, would be expelled. With the rise of the academic basis, many universities began implementing social
176:
and low management skills of the politically appointed directors. Stalin, however, saw this as an opportunity to clean up the management of "the old specialists", professionals whose skills were critical to the industry but were not sufficiently engaged with communism politically. In his 1923-1925
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speeches, he frequently expressed hostility to this group, and inspired public resentment against them, for example, based on their relatively high earnings. Accusing them of "sabotage" was a convenient way of replacing "the old specialists" with people with more appropriate political views.
218:
German
Secretary of the state Karl von Shubert felt that the Soviet Union handling of the Shakty trials was wrong. He felt Russia should have informed them of these crimes. If the crimes fit the bill then the Germans could have been deported from Russia but that wasn't the case.
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The trials constituted a shift in policy toward the intelligentsia, the "bourgeois specialists" that had previously been tolerated and protected due to their needed skills, to then be replaced by the "young proletarian communist specialist". This marked the use of the concept of
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Fifty
Russian and three German technicians and engineers from the coal industry were to be tried publicly on charges of counter-revolutionary sabotage and espionage... This was Revolutionary Justice... the same Revolutionary Justice that had presided over the guillotine in the
227:
243:
The trial resulted in eleven of the fifty-three accused engineers being sentenced to death. Thirty-four were sent to prison, four were acquitted and four were given suspended sentences. Six of the death sentences were
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itself. Among those accused in similar trials and executed was
Nikolai Karlovich von Meck, Tchaikovsky's nephew by marriage, who was accused of "wrecking" the state railway system. The trial marked the beginning of
252:
was executed in 1929 for his political positions, as well as
Nikolai Karlovich von Meck, Tchaikovsky's nephew by marriage, who was accused of "wrecking" the state railway system. The trial marked the beginning of
311:
were used as a means of presenting to the soviet people what was perceived as major threats to the Soviet Union. This played an important part in creating the cultural atmosphere leading to the
52:
were arrested in 1928 after being accused of conspiring to sabotage the Soviet economy with the former owners of the coal mines. The trial was conducted on May 18, 1928, in
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stated that more communists should be enrolled into the universities and that control over the technical faculties and schools should be transferred over to the
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202:. Stalin mentioned later that the Shakhty arrests proved that class struggle was intensifying as the Soviet Union moved closer to
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Angels in Stalin's paradise: Western reporters in Soviet Russia, 1917 to 1937, a case study of Louis
Fischer and Walter Duranty
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Kurt
Rosenbaum, Community of Fate: German-Soviet Diplomatic Relations 1922-1928, (Syracuse University Press, 1965), p. 265.
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with an emphasis on rapid industrialization. By the end of the 1920s, Soviet industry suffered from a high rate of
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Chase, William (2005), "Stalin as producer: the Moscow show trials and the construction of mortal threats",
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Technology and
Society under Lenin and Stalin: Origins of the Soviet Technical Intelligentsia, 1917-1941
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Kurt
Rosenbaum. "Community of Fate: German-Soviet Relations 1922-1928. Syracuse University Press, 1965.
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They picked this Palchinsky to be the chief defendant in a grandiose new trial. However, the
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The Shakhty trials marked the beginning of a long series of accusations against
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Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1979). "Stalin and the Making of a New Elite, 1928-1939".
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Rosenbaum, Kurt (July 1962). "The German Involvement in the Shakhty Trial".
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Fitzpatrick, Sheila (1974). "Cultural Revolution in Russia 1928-32".
412:(1884–1938) Soviet petroleum and mining engineer executed during the
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1072:. "Stalin The Man and His Era". New York: The Viking Press, 1973.
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within the Soviet Union, and were to become a hallmark of the
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the Soviet Union began to move away from the policies of the
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opposed Stalin's new policy on repression from within the
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The Curious Lottery: And Other Tales of Russian Justice.
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in 1931, he later led a secret police team within the
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in 1922. Fifty-three engineers and managers from the
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFSolzhenitsynp.285-286 (
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of the 1930s. In the 1920s under the leadership of
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563:"Nikolay von Meck - Tchaikovsky Research"
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