1748:
2855:
2656:
801:
1520:, believe that "In the Name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful" is part of all the surahs of the Qur'an, except the Surah of Ba'at. And "Shafi'i" jurists, unlike other Sunni sects, agree with the Shi'a opinion, and consider "In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful" as part of all the surahs of the Qur'an. Therefore, it is considered obligatory to recite it in a loud voice in the Jahriyeh prayer.
2841:
1336:
479:
61:
1596:
1582:(juristic discretion). It insisted that the rules of the jurists could no longer be invoked in legal issues without additional authentications. The school refused to admit doctrines that had no textual basis in either the Qurʾān or Ḥadīths, but were based on the opinions of Islamic scholars (the Imams).
1585:
The Shafiʽi thinking believes that the methods may help to "substitute man for God and
Prophet Muhammad, the only legitimate legislators" and "true knowledge and correct interpretation of religious obligations would suffer from arbitrary judgments infused with
1531:
The majority of Shafi'i jurists consider the time of the first noon prayer to be a "virtuous time" and the rest as an optional time, and the addition of the two noon and evening prayers without excuse is permissible according to the Shafi'i jurists of the religion.
1617:–820 AD) visited most of the great centres of Islamic jurisprudence in the Middle East during the course of his travels and amassed a comprehensive knowledge of the different ways of legal theory. He was a student of
1508:
In several jurisprudential and theological principles, the Shafi'i Sunni school of thought is much closer to the Mu'tazila and Twelve Imam
Shiites than the other three Sunni schools. In the Shafi'i religion, like
1895:
The Shafiʽi school is one of the largest school of Sunni madhhabs by number of adherents. The demographic data by each fiqh, for each nation, is unavailable and the relative demographic size are estimates.
1377:
The fundamental principle of the Shafiʽi thought depends on the idea that "to every act performed by a believer who is subject to the Law there corresponds a statute belonging to the
Revealed Law or the
1527:
in the morning call to prayer is a heresy and have criticized Umar bin
Khattab for this. Shafi'i is also a Shiite in some of his fatwas. And saying this part in the call to prayer is considered heresy.
2910:"The law provides sanctions for any religious practice other than the Sunni Shafiʽi doctrine of Islam and for prosecution of converts from Islam, and bans proselytizing for any religion except Islam."
3321:
In one of his poems, Shafi'i wrote about the love of
Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, who during the time of the Caliph and some of the Sunnis accused him of being Shia. Qom, 2nd edition 74.
628:(consensus of scholars or of the community) was "accepted but not stressed". The school rejected the dependence on local traditions as the source of legal precedent and rebuffed the
1397:
As-Shafiʽi was the first jurist to insist that Ḥadīth were the decisive source of law (over traditional doctrines of earlier thoughts). In order of priority, the sources of
1469:
was first introduced by the later Shafiʽi scholars. Al-Shafiʽi also postulated that "penal sanctions lapse in cases where repentance precedes punishment".
3611:"Ahmady, Kameel. Investigation of the Ethnic Identity Challenge in Iran- A Peace-Oriented, EFFLATOUNIA - Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021) pp. 3242-70".
6313:
8232:
2709:
7840:
4267:
3626:
2239:
6496:
4084:
8287:
3457:
3436:
3389:
3374:
4947:
4372:
7217:
6964:
4885:
889:
810:
620:) and human speculation regarding the Law. Where passages of Qurʾān and/or the Ḥadīths are ambiguous, the school seeks guidance of
934:
8534:
7008:
5069:
3255:
6440:
2514:
1738:
After the beginning of the
Safavid rule, the presence of the Shafi's in Iran was limited to the western regions of the country.
8008:
6180:
5589:
5079:
5061:
3995:
3750:
3265:
2585:
507:
7551:
6190:
1980:
1026:
5534:
4671:
3518:"The First Iranian Shafi'is and Their Role in the Propagation of the Shafi'i School During the Fourth Century AH in Iran"
1488:. It outlines the principles of Shafiʽi legal thought as well as the derived jurisprudence. A first version of the
982:
6851:
4855:
3917:
3895:
3858:
3839:
3818:
3799:
3780:
3727:
3673:
4149:
4077:
4009:
3958:
3708:
3555:
2785:
2661:
2132:
816:
350:
7911:
17:
7891:
4461:
1364:
1089:
828:
82:
6644:
6389:
616:
as primary sources of law. The Shafi'i school affirms the authority of both divine law-giving (the Qurʾān and the
8529:
8222:
8170:
7779:
6827:
6491:
5379:
5259:
2453:
2345:
2229:
1946:
1125:
8464:
6207:
6185:
5499:
5464:
4940:
4777:
2820:
1478:
6334:
6217:
5474:
5294:
4807:
3930:; Bridget Blomfield (2015). "Remembering Fatima and Zaynab: Gender in Perspective". In Farhad Daftory (ed.).
2772:
1447:— "Analogical reasoning as applied to the deduction of juridical principles from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah."
4043:
al-Shafiʽi, Muhammad b. Idris, "The Book of the
Amalgamation of Knowledge" translated by A.Y. Musa in
8485:
7520:
7001:
6673:
6519:
6469:
5910:
5354:
4861:
4695:
4648:
4537:
4070:
2083:
8153:
7038:
6902:
6250:
5564:
5074:
5051:
5046:
4956:
4631:
4419:
1107:
1021:
284:
5612:
7557:
7152:
7138:
6877:
6622:
6396:
5878:
5509:
5469:
5204:
5121:
4975:
4467:
3700:
2825:
2418:
1922:
1657:
389:
8475:
7104:
6822:
6473:
6235:
5459:
5364:
5339:
5189:
4933:
4904:
2805:
2010:
1160:
783:
500:
112:
70:
8387:
3598:. Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. pg. 440
8490:
8480:
8470:
7235:
6755:
6369:
5988:
5559:
5489:
4914:
4909:
4899:
4602:
4501:
2800:
2545:
2294:
2078:
1556:
Shafiʽi school argued that various existing local traditions may not reflect the practice of
940:
3234:. Comprehensive research study on identity and ethnicity in Iran. Mehri publication, London. p 440
1683:, the Shafiʽi school again became the paramount thought in Egypt (the region had come under
8378:
8342:
6362:
6320:
6175:
5790:
5579:
5484:
5314:
5269:
5135:
4789:
4525:
4243:
4197:
2762:
2540:
2484:
2254:
977:
848:
107:
3212:
2964:
8060:
8014:
7403:
7084:
6579:
6240:
6170:
6130:
6115:
5795:
5549:
5454:
5439:
5430:
5309:
5274:
5199:
4249:
3829:
3760:
2630:
2428:
872:
838:
732:
538:
407:
92:
31:
4057:
3442:
3019:
8283:
7937:
7109:
7026:
6772:
6742:
6299:
6195:
5742:
5569:
5319:
5229:
4819:
4813:
4566:
4301:
3772:
3595:
3579:
3463:
3231:
2810:
2795:
2729:
2600:
2535:
2088:
2021:
1431:
The school rejected dependence on local community practice as the source of legal precedent.
1016:
855:
553:
125:
7978:
8539:
7724:
7131:
6989:
6914:
6759:
6574:
6422:
6327:
6306:
6165:
6120:
6105:
5654:
5504:
5494:
5479:
5299:
5264:
5254:
5249:
5224:
4801:
4625:
4531:
4495:
4483:
4455:
4384:
4378:
4261:
4167:
3976:
Cilardo, Agostino (2014). "Shafiʽi Fiqh". In
Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.).
2815:
2704:
2570:
2463:
2448:
2392:
2350:
2340:
2325:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2249:
2209:
2153:
2142:
2109:
2062:
1975:
1928:
1622:
1357:
493:
43:
8519:
800:
8:
8396:
8163:
7958:
7729:
7460:
7337:
6976:
6276:
6202:
5544:
5194:
5008:
4771:
4736:
4596:
4507:
4360:
4161:
3580:"The arrival of Seljuks at Khorasan and the sufferings of Nishapurian Shafi'is -Ash'aris"
2739:
2666:
2494:
2489:
2274:
1952:
843:
442:
102:
1513:, they honor the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet of Islam and emphasize their infallibility.
8327:
7205:
7161:
6906:
6719:
6606:
6380:
6341:
6255:
6090:
6053:
6015:
5937:
5812:
5584:
5369:
5244:
5219:
5041:
5028:
4795:
4748:
4677:
4231:
4225:
4155:
3964:
3765:
3693:
2719:
2555:
2519:
2509:
2005:
1755:
The Shafiʽi school is presently predominant in the following parts of the world:
833:
87:
8303:
1607:
1561:
1540:
1420:
8353:
8319:
8263:
7501:
7440:
7347:
7055:
6919:
6768:
6610:
6245:
6212:
6140:
6135:
6095:
6083:
6068:
6048:
5949:
5925:
5751:
5574:
5349:
4831:
4765:
4718:
4665:
4005:
3991:
3954:
3913:
3891:
3854:
3835:
3814:
3795:
3776:
3746:
3723:
3704:
3669:
3537:
3533:
3261:
2560:
2309:
1221:
1033:
384:
362:
7506:
1751:
An approximate map showing the distribution of the Shafiʽi school (azure blue)
8524:
7316:
7290:
6993:
6666:
6569:
6410:
6292:
6145:
6125:
6110:
5675:
5334:
5102:
4712:
4390:
4366:
3831:
Misquoting
Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
3529:
2610:
2580:
2405:
1665:
1524:
1424:
999:
357:
4045:
Hadith as
Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam
8391:
8278:
7860:
7210:
7195:
7157:
7124:
7099:
7013:
6960:
6861:
6856:
6832:
6746:
6649:
6596:
6591:
6078:
5981:
5976:
5959:
5920:
5860:
5817:
5624:
5554:
5359:
5107:
4879:
4689:
4443:
4425:
3742:
2860:
2714:
2368:
2259:
2073:
1688:
1629:
The Shafiʽi thoughts were initially spread by Al-Shafiʽi students in
1350:
1300:
1155:
1060:
952:
723:
529:
458:
448:
367:
97:
8000:
3979:
Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God
8413:
8332:
8198:
8175:
8158:
8004:
7929:
7853:
7374:
7280:
6889:
6844:
6839:
6690:
6659:
6564:
6447:
6285:
6038:
5971:
5964:
5954:
5802:
5539:
5400:
5329:
5304:
5164:
5097:
5013:
4873:
4849:
4413:
4348:
4283:
4191:
3688:
2757:
2605:
2575:
2524:
1799:
1707:
1673:
1653:
1646:
1618:
1575:
1310:
1255:
1184:
1135:
1095:
1011:
908:
704:
692:
684:
660:
629:
299:
227:
8373:
8180:
7367:
3517:
8513:
8337:
8267:
8247:
8209:
7828:
7813:
7577:
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
7384:
7309:
7119:
7080:
7067:
7042:
6948:
6737:
6709:
6586:
6540:
6458:
6157:
6058:
6043:
6033:
5868:
5830:
5807:
5769:
5680:
5410:
5404:
5394:
5382:
4843:
4783:
4742:
4590:
4549:
4437:
4325:
4185:
4126:
3541:
3050:
2767:
2734:
2694:
2649:
2620:
2615:
2565:
2550:
2529:
2104:
2041:
1985:
1828:
1721:
1398:
1295:
1213:
1200:
1189:
896:
696:
644:
575:
309:
242:
217:
212:
8299:
4724:
3977:
3968:
3948:
3417:
3189:
2173:
1724:
in the 16th century resulted in the replacement of Shafiʽi judges by
8365:
8294:
8082:
Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
8022:
7995:
7986:
7886:
7363:
7179:
7114:
6807:
6704:
6695:
6601:
6355:
6023:
5942:
5873:
5737:
5234:
5174:
5149:
5130:
4867:
4619:
4519:
4396:
4354:
4219:
2846:
2724:
2317:
2234:
2036:
2000:
1934:
1806:
1767:(Palestine, Jordan and a significant number in Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq),
1747:
1699:
1695:, the Mamlūk sultan, later appointed judges from all four madhabs in Egypt.
1600:
1595:
1560:(a critique to the Mālikī thought). The local traditions, according to the
1544:
1340:
1315:
823:
688:
652:
483:
463:
377:
291:
8032:
7525:
7145:
4062:
1461:— consensus of scholars or of the community ("accepted but not stressed").
1077:
8347:
8069:
8037:
7982:
7848:
7546:
7511:
7493:
7285:
7022:
6952:
6632:
6531:
6100:
6073:
6063:
6000:
5905:
5895:
5890:
5722:
5705:
5529:
5444:
5284:
5159:
4837:
4683:
4307:
4203:
3927:
2868:
2790:
2744:
2458:
2387:
2199:
1995:
1886:
1768:
1517:
1383:
1320:
1305:
1130:
672:
640:
557:
60:
51:
2854:
1735:, Shafiʽi preeminence in Central Asia was replaced by Shi'a Islam.
651:. Traders and merchants helped to spread Shafiʽi Islam across the
7991:
7788:
7569:
7515:
7413:
7351:
7302:
7268:
7221:
7142:
7075:
7062:
6980:
6956:
6885:
6790:
6732:
6654:
6557:
5930:
5694:
5690:
5524:
5449:
5425:
5390:
5344:
5279:
5239:
5214:
5169:
5154:
5144:
4578:
4572:
4543:
4513:
4489:
4449:
4342:
4319:
4313:
4295:
4289:
4109:
4105:
3666:
Al-Shafiʽi: The Epistle on Legal Theory - Risalah fi usul al-fiqh
2888:
2637:
2625:
2476:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2413:
2382:
2355:
2335:
2330:
2304:
2269:
2264:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2163:
2158:
2147:
2137:
2094:
2067:
2056:
2031:
2026:
2015:
1990:
1940:
1916:
1851:
1795:
1783:
1684:
913:
700:
295:
5775:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
5634:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
3905:
Christelow, Allan (2000). Levtzion, Nehemia; Pouwels, Randall (eds.).
3870:
The Origins of Islamic Law: The Qurʼan, the Muwaṭṭaʼ and Madinan ʻAmal
1698:
Traders and merchants helped to spread Shafiʽi Islam across the
663:. The Shafiʽi school is now predominantly found in parts of the
8251:
8239:
8217:
8148:
8061:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
8052:
7953:
7898:
7823:
7477:
7472:
7398:
7342:
7088:
6943:
6936:
6812:
6723:
6637:
6617:
6462:
6403:
5915:
5883:
5838:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
5726:
5604:
5519:
5514:
5324:
5289:
5184:
5179:
4825:
4584:
4431:
4255:
4237:
4173:
4132:
3339:
Ibn Rushd, Al-Mujtahid , Beirut, Dar al-Marafa, 1409, vol. 1, p. 173.
2699:
2423:
2397:
2377:
2360:
2279:
2244:
2168:
2126:
2099:
2046:
1958:
1910:
1870:
1862:
1855:
1839:
1692:
1687:
influence prior to this period). It was the "official school" of the
1260:
1233:
1229:
1150:
1140:
572:
424:
372:
249:
8242:
3330:
Shokani, Nile al-Awtar, Cairo, vol. 2, p. 38, quoted from the same.
1523:
The Imami Shiites consider saying "assalah khair min al-Nawm" which
8436:
8403:
8258:
8143:
8135:
7924:
7329:
7260:
7183:
7166:
6997:
6984:
6817:
6763:
6545:
5993:
5784:
5617:
5209:
4925:
4179:
2655:
2051:
1878:
1866:
1835:
1820:
1812:
1791:
1787:
1732:
1676:
also endorsed the Shafiʽis in the 11th and 12th centuries AD.
1579:
1557:
1466:
1285:
1265:
1145:
1120:
1115:
918:
648:
633:
605:
601:
585:), "the father of Muslim jurisprudence", in the early 9th century.
305:
172:
165:
3950:
The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of Al-Shafi'i's Risalah
568:
8441:
8421:
8382:
8227:
8074:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
8018:
7970:
7817:
7807:
7532:
7481:
7435:
7273:
7170:
7071:
7050:
6929:
6924:
6799:
6750:
6678:
6627:
6348:
6227:
5900:
5714:
5646:
5036:
2883:
2644:
2593:
1874:
1824:
1816:
1680:
1661:
1634:
1543:
fundamentally criticised the concept of judicial conformism (the
1497:
1291:
1250:
1245:
1225:
1040:
992:
987:
862:
613:
597:
549:
201:
132:
3668:. Translated by Lowry, Joseph. New York University Press. 2013.
8446:
8426:
8307:
8271:
7455:
7358:
7295:
7174:
7017:
6971:
6451:
5760:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
5718:
5665:
5089:
5000:
2878:
2873:
2502:
2118:
1967:
1882:
1847:
1764:
1725:
1669:
1642:
1444:
1416:
1387:
1379:
1276:
1045:
1006:
901:
791:
668:
617:
593:
589:
561:
419:
394:
328:
270:
263:
256:
182:
77:
5625:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
3627:"Religious Governance in Syria Amid Territorial Fragmentation"
1535:
600:. Like the other schools of fiqh, Shafiʽi recognize the
8431:
7467:
7092:
6893:
6881:
5683:
5658:
5629:
5018:
4730:
3281:
3279:
3277:
2178:
1843:
1772:
1760:
1703:
1638:
1630:
1485:
1440:
1410:
1391:
1280:
1070:
1055:
1050:
972:
967:
957:
947:
877:
867:
676:
664:
656:
621:
609:
564:
414:
336:
319:
142:
137:
3953:. Translated by Lowry, Joseph E. New York University Press.
3926:
3152:
3150:
8125:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
5669:
5664:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
5594:
4015:
Calder, Norman, Jawid Mojaddedi, and Andrew Rippin (2003).
3475:
3473:
2191:
1776:
1510:
1458:
1065:
962:
882:
680:
625:
332:
205:
177:
152:
147:
8085:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
3398:
3274:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
6028:
4896:
Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
3947:
Al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs; Lowry, Joseph E. (2013).
3739:
Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary
3303:
3167:
3165:
3147:
1423:
as "the sayings, the acts, and the tacit acquiescence of
187:
5770:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
3888:
Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam
3851:
Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present
3470:
3359:
3138:
3104:
1564:
understanding, thus cannot be treated as sources of law.
3792:
Understanding Women in Islam: An Indonesian Perspective
3522:
Iranian Journal for the History of Islamic Civilization
2975:
1599:
Shafiʽi school is predominantly found across the
1477:
The groundwork legal text for the Shafiʽi law is
3162:
3061:
2925:
2923:
5822:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
5785:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
4017:
Classical Islam: A Sourcebook of Religious Literature
3988:
Shafiʽi et les deux sources de la loi islamique
3485:
2942:
2940:
2938:
1390:
or it is possible, by means of analogical reasoning (
8057:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
5655:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
2836:
1668:. It also flourished in northern Mesopotamia and in
1652:
The school later exclusively held the judgeships in
764:
752:
737:
639:
The Shafiʽi school was widely followed in the
543:
3291:
2996:
2920:
1382:". This statute is either presented as such in the
710:One who ascribes to the Shafi'i school is called a
588:The other three schools of Sunnī jurisprudence are
8101:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
8049:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
5763:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
3764:
3692:
2935:
1714:
1691:and remained prominent during Mamlūk period also.
1621:, the founder of the Mālikī school of law, and of
7589:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
4033:. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society. pp. 286.
3213:"International Religious Freedom Report: Comoros"
1649:also became chief centres of Shafiʽi ideas.
8511:
6518:
5752:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
3497:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
2681:
1503:
7916:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
5766:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
4040:. Seminar pemikiran Tajdid Imam As Shafie 2007.
3946:
1450:Analogy by Cause (Qiyas al-Ma'na/Qiyas al-Illa)
4004:(3rd ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 90–93.
4002:Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
3658:'Islamic Jurisprudence: Shafiʽi's Risala
1427:as related in solidly established traditions".
1394:), to infer it from the Qurʾān or the Sunnah.
6497:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
5847:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
4941:
4078:
4031:Islamic Jurisprudence: Shafiʽi's Risala
3143:. Vol. IV. E. J. Brill. pp. 252–53.
3030:
1496:, produced by al-Shafiʽi during his stay in
1401:according to the Shafiʽi thought, are:
1358:
501:
3260:. Oxford University Press. pp. 285–86.
758:
746:
30:"Shafi" redirects here. For other uses, see
7595:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
4092:
3646:
3515:
3285:
1536:Differences from Mālikī and Ḥanafī thoughts
7616:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
4968:
4948:
4934:
4085:
4071:
3904:
3811:Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations
3218:. United States Department of State. 2013.
3156:
1637:. By the 10th century, the holy cities of
1404:
1365:
1351:
508:
494:
4373:Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi
4026:. Oxford: Oxford University. pp. 16.
3462:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3441:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3136:
1516:Shia jurists, based on the narrations of
608:'s rightful successors and relies on the
7218:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
5757:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
3655:
3358:Chaumont, Éric (1997). "Al-Shafi'iyya".
3357:
3309:
3253:
3109:. Vol. IX. Brill. pp. 182–183.
3102:
2654:
1746:
1594:
1453:Analogy by Resemblance (Qiyas al-Shabah)
7441:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
4024:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence
3975:
3885:
3848:
3808:
3736:
3613:EFFLATOUNIA - Multidisciplinary Journal
3516:Naghshbandi, Sayed Navid (2022-08-23).
3479:
3404:
3364:. Vol. IX. Brill. pp. 185–86.
3171:
2990:
1759:Middle East and North Africa: Parts of
14:
8512:
6798:
6441:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
3876:
3789:
3759:
3687:
3491:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3067:
3002:
2929:
1574:The Shafiʽi school rebuffed the
8009:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order
6517:
5590:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
4967:
4929:
4066:
3827:
3717:
3297:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3098:
3096:
2946:
4955:
3383:
3368:
3137:Heffening, W. (1934). "Al-Shafi'i".
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3013:
3011:
2959:
2957:
2955:
1904:
7229:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
4802:Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar
4058:Shafi'iyyah (University of Cumbria)
3342:
3103:Chaumont, Éric (1997). "Al-Shafi".
2682:Contemporary Shafiʽi scholars
1899:
1625:, the Baghdad Ḥanafī intellectual.
1568:
1550:
759:
747:
743:
727:
533:
24:
4672:Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i
3940:
3867:
3503:
3240:
3200:
3177:
3113:
3017:
2586:Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla'i
25:
8551:
7601:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
4886:Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal
4051:
4019:. London: Routledge. Section 7.1.
3660:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3647:Al-Zarkashi, Badr al-Din (1393).
3560:United States Department of State
3190:"Islamic Jurisprudence & Law"
3073:
3008:
2952:
2786:Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal
2688:From Middle East and North Africa
2515:Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayri
7619:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
5841:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
5713:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
5391:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
4462:Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi
4129:(founder of the school; 767–820)
3990:, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers,
3881:. Muslim Academic Trust, London.
3879:The Four Imams and Their Schools
3534:10.22059/jhic.2022.335807.654309
2853:
2839:
1434:
1413:— the sacred scripture of Islam.
1334:
799:
477:
59:
8171:United Submitters International
7450:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
6828:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
6181:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
3636:
3619:
3604:
3586:
3572:
3548:
3509:
3449:
3428:
3410:
3333:
3324:
3315:
3254:Esposito, John L., ed. (2003).
3222:
1742:
1715:Under Ottomans and the Safavids
27:School of Islamic jurisprudence
8535:Schools of Sunni jurisprudence
8465:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
7478:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
6191:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
6186:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
5844:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
5465:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
4778:Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar
4038:Tajdid Fiqh Al-Imam Al-Syafi'i
3909:The History of Islam in Africa
3890:. Cambridge University Press.
3828:Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2014).
3813:. Cambridge University Press.
3695:An Introduction to Islamic Law
3459:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3438:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3393:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3378:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
3257:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
2906:
2821:Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar
2662:Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra
2133:Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tha'labi
13:
1:
7892:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
6218:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
3767:Shari'ah Law: An Introduction
2894:
2773:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas
1782:Eurasia: Northern regions of
1611:
1504:Proximity of Shia and Shafi'i
1484:("the Message"), composed in
772:
579:
7580:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
7521:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
7502:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
6520:Islamic schools and branches
5355:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
5260:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
4862:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
4696:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
4649:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
4538:Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami
3907:"Islamic Law in Africa," in
3886:Pouwels, Randall L. (2002).
3194:University of North Carolina
2965:"Abū ʿAbd Allāh ash-Shāfiʿī"
2914:
2454:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
2346:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
2230:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
2084:Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami
1947:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
1771:, among Sunnis in Iran and
624:(analogical reasoning). The
7:
7512:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
6208:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
5565:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
5500:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
4731:Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah
4420:Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam
4047:, New York: Palgrave, 2008.
4036:Abd Majid, Mahmood (2007).
3737:Ramadan, Hisham M. (2006).
3720:The Qur'an: An Introduction
2832:
1578:(personal opinion) and the
765:
753:
738:
632:(personal opinion) and the
548:) is one of the four major
544:
10:
8556:
8268:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
7708:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
7461:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
7139:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
6623:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
5879:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
5510:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
5470:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
5295:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
4468:Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn
3877:Haddad, Gibril F. (2007).
3701:Cambridge University Press
3140:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
2826:Varakkal Mullakoya Thangal
1923:Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi
1590:
1472:
1443:with Legal Proof or Dalil
29:
8459:
8412:
8364:
8318:
8208:
8195:
8134:
8031:
7969:
7952:
7839:
7787:
7778:
7717:
7634:
7568:
7545:
7492:
7412:
7397:
7327:
7194:
7037:
6901:
6876:
6852:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
6789:
6689:
6539:
6530:
6526:
6513:
6487:
6432:
6379:
6275:
6268:
6226:
6196:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
6156:
6014:
5911:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
5859:
5829:
5736:
5704:
5645:
5603:
5424:
5378:
5365:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
5340:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
5190:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
5129:
5120:
5088:
5060:
5027:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4963:
4894:
4856:Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari
4758:
4705:
4658:
4641:
4612:
4559:
4476:
4406:
4335:
4276:
4212:
4142:
4119:
4100:
3912:. Ohio University Press.
3834:. Oneworld Publications.
3809:Hallaq, Wael B. (2009a).
3395:, Oxford University Press
3380:, Oxford University Press
3361:The Encyclopedia Of Islam
3106:The Encyclopedia Of Islam
2806:E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar
612:and the "sound" books of
285:Sunni schools of theology
7881:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
6756:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
6370:The Moderation in Belief
6251:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
5989:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
5560:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
5490:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
4603:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi
4502:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
4029:Khadduri, Majid (1987).
4022:Schacht, Joseph (1950).
3986:Yahia, Mohyddin (2009).
3718:Saeed, Abdullah (2008).
3656:Khadduri, Majid (1961).
3055:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2969:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2899:
2801:Kanniyath Ahmed Musliyar
2546:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
2295:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
1034:Theology of the Ismailis
1000:Theology of the Twelvers
560:. It was founded by the
8343:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
7734:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
7652:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
7424:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
6363:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
6321:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
6176:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
5580:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
5485:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
5475:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
5315:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
5270:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
5205:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
4632:Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy
4526:Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi
4244:Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad
4000:Rippin, Andrew (2005).
3849:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2003).
3790:Hasyim, Syafiq (2005).
3761:Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
3649:Al-Bahr Al-Muhit Vol VI
3422:Encyclopædia Britannica
2541:Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi
2485:Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad
2419:Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
2255:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
1405:The Foundation (al asl)
983:Forbidding what is evil
978:Commanding what is just
636:(juristic discretion).
604:as the Islamic prophet
534:ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلشَّافِعِيّ
83:Prophets and Messengers
8530:Sunni Islamic branches
8015:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
7592:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
7085:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
6580:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
6241:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
6236:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
6171:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
6131:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
6116:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
5796:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
5791:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
5550:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
5460:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
5455:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
5440:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
5310:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
5275:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
5200:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
4250:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
2670:
2631:Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
2429:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
2011:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
1900:Notable Shafiʽis
1752:
1604:
1096:Theology of the Ibadis
1078:Theology of the Zaydis
699:in Africa and coastal
643:until the rise of the
351:Contemporary movements
166:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
93:Succession to Muhammad
32:Shafi (disambiguation)
8284:Wallace Fard Muhammad
7236:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
6743:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
6492:Early Muslim scholars
6300:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
5570:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
5320:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
5230:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
4820:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar
4814:Mohammad Salim Al-Awa
4567:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
4302:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
3934:. I. B. Tauris Press.
3773:Oneworld Publications
3596:From Border to Border
3594:Ahmady, Kameel 2019:
3232:From Border to Border
3230:Ahmady, Kameel 2019:
3024:University of Cumbria
2811:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
2796:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar
2730:Mohammad Salim Al-Awa
2658:
2601:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
2536:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani
2089:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
2079:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
2022:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
1831:(Kenya and Tanzania).
1750:
1598:
1500:, is currently lost.
941:Basic Tenets of Faith
856:Five Pillars of Islam
554:Islamic jurisprudence
545:al-madhhab al-shāfiʿī
7930:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
7725:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
6915:Theology of Twelvers
6760:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
6307:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
6106:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
5505:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
5495:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
5480:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
5300:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
5265:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
5255:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
5250:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
5225:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
4790:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
4626:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
4532:Zain al-Din al-Iraqi
4496:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
4484:Safi al-Din al-Hindi
4456:Safi-ad-din Ardabili
4385:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
4379:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
4262:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
4198:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
4168:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
2816:Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad
2763:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2710:Habib Umar al-Jilani
2705:Habib Umar bin Hafiz
2571:Safi-ad-din Ardabili
2464:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2449:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2393:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2351:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2341:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2326:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
2300:Zainuddin Makhdoom I
2290:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
2285:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
2250:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2210:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
2154:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2143:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2110:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
2063:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
1929:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1494:al-Risalah al-Qadima
817:Six Articles of Iman
133:Declaration of Faith
8164:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
7906:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
7878:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
7676:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
7338:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
6645:Other Salafi trends
6474:Musta'li Isma'ilism
6390:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
5781:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
5545:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
5195:Zakariyya al-Ansari
4772:Taha Jabir Alalwani
4737:Muhammad Hamidullah
4597:Zakariyya al-Ansari
4508:Taj al-Din al-Subki
4361:Abu Tahir al-Silafi
3466:on 11 October 2014.
3445:on 16 October 2014.
2751:From Southeast Asia
2740:Taha Jabir Alalwani
2667:Taj al-Din al-Subki
2665:by Shaykh al-Islam
2495:Khaled Abou El Fadl
2490:Fazlur Rahman Malik
2275:Zakariyya al-Ansari
1885:, and the southern
890:Schools of theology
8463:Other scholars of
8354:Islamic modernists
8328:Modernist Salafism
7979:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
7938:Abdullah ibn Saba'
7873:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
7758:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
7746:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
7737:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
7668:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
6990:Astarabadi (Naimi)
6720:Abdullah al-Harari
6674:Muhammad bin Dawud
6607:Syed Nazeer Husain
6342:Tabsirat al-Adilla
6256:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
6091:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
5938:Syed Nazeer Husain
5861:Salafi Theologians
5613:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
5585:Muhammad Abu Zahra
5370:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
5220:Abdul Qadir Gilani
4796:Abdul Azeez Madani
4749:Abdullah al-Harari
4678:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
4232:Al-Hakim Nishapuri
4226:Abu Talib al-Makki
4156:Harith al-Muhasibi
3683:Scholarly sources
3407:, p. 259–262.
2720:Abdullah al-Harari
2671:
2520:Abu Talib al-Makki
2510:Harith al-Muhasibi
2006:Hakim al-Nishaburi
1753:
1605:
1316:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
844:The Last Judgement
602:First Four Caliphs
390:Neo-traditionalism
8507:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8455:
8454:
8264:Muhammad Jaunpuri
8191:
8190:
8117:Sumāma ibn Ashras
7948:
7947:
7799:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
7774:
7773:
7644:Gaylān ibn Marwān
7541:
7540:
7393:
7392:
7056:Abdallah al-Aftah
6872:
6871:
6785:
6784:
6769:Necmettin Erbakan
6611:Siddiq Hasan Khan
6575:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6483:
6482:
6423:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
6417:Tashih al-I'tiqad
6328:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
6264:
6263:
6246:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
6213:Idris Imad al-Din
6166:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
6141:Ruhollah Khomeini
6121:Zurarah ibn A'yan
6096:Sharif al-Murtaza
6084:Muhammad al-Mahdi
6069:Muhammad al-Jawad
6049:Muhammad al-Baqir
5950:Siddiq Hasan Khan
5926:Rabee al-Madkhali
5575:Murtada al-Zabidi
5350:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
5116:
5115:
4923:
4922:
4832:Nuh Ha Mim Keller
4766:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
4719:Abdallah al-Qutbi
4666:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
3996:978-2-503-53181-6
3752:978-0-7591-0991-9
3312:, pp. 14–22.
3267:978-0-19-512558-0
3070:, pp. 75–77.
2993:, pp. 27–77.
2678:
2677:
2561:Najm al-Din Kubra
2310:Abdallah al-Qutbi
1981:Abu Hatim al-Razi
1976:Abu Zur'a al-Razi
1623:Muḥammad Shaybānī
1375:
1374:
736:
583: 767–820 CE
542:
518:
517:
363:Deobandi movement
16:(Redirected from
8547:
8206:
8205:
7967:
7966:
7785:
7784:
7761:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
7743:Awn ibn Abdullāh
7730:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
7700:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
7566:
7565:
7410:
7409:
7379:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
7348:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
7317:Khashabiyya Shia
7253:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
7211:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
6994:Imadaddin Nasimi
6899:
6898:
6796:
6795:
6667:Salafi Modernism
6570:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
6537:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6515:
6514:
6411:Awail Al Maqalat
6293:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
6273:
6272:
6203:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
6158:Isma'ili Shi'ism
6146:Wilayat al-faqih
6126:Hisham ibn Hakam
6111:Allamah Al-Hilli
5335:Muhammad Mayyara
5127:
5126:
4997:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4965:
4964:
4957:Islamic theology
4950:
4943:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4713:Yusuf al-Nabhani
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4063:
3983:
3972:
3935:
3923:
3901:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3845:
3824:
3805:
3786:
3770:
3756:
3733:
3714:
3698:
3679:
3661:
3652:
3642:Primary sources
3631:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3482:, p. 58–71.
3477:
3468:
3467:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3387:
3381:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3286:Al-Zarkashi 1393
3283:
3272:
3271:
3251:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3198:
3197:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3028:
3027:
3018:Shanay, Bulend.
3015:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2950:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2909:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2611:Ali ibn al-Athir
2581:Yusuf an-Nabhani
1953:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
1905:
1861:Southeast Asia:
1616:
1613:
1569:With Ḥanafī view
1551:With Mālikī view
1425:Prophet Muhammad
1367:
1360:
1353:
1341:Islam portal
1339:
1338:
1337:
803:
794:
788:
787:
777:
776:
768:
762:
761:
756:
750:
749:
745:
741:
731:
729:
679:, and among the
584:
581:
547:
537:
535:
510:
503:
496:
484:Islam portal
482:
481:
480:
358:Barelvi movement
324:
323:
237:
236:
63:
54:
48:
47:
37:
36:
21:
8555:
8554:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8510:
8509:
8508:
8495:
8451:
8408:
8379:Ahmed Raza Khan
8360:
8314:
8304:Fethullah Gülen
8279:Nation of Islam
8200:
8197:
8187:
8130:
8107:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
8035:
8027:
7960:
7956:
7944:
7865:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
7835:
7770:
7755:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
7713:
7630:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7537:
7488:
7401:
7389:
7323:
7197:
7190:
7158:Hassan-i Sabbah
7041:
7033:
6905:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6868:
6833:Hasan al-Utrush
6781:
6747:Ahmed Raza Khan
6693:
6685:
6592:Dawud al-Zahiri
6543:
6522:
6501:
6479:
6428:
6375:
6335:Kitab al-Tawhid
6260:
6222:
6152:
6079:Hasan al-Askari
6054:Ja'far al-Sadiq
6016:Twelver Shi'ism
6010:
5982:Salafi Jihadism
5977:Osama bin Laden
5960:Safar Al-Hawali
5921:Saleh Al-Fawzan
5855:
5825:
5818:Sahib ibn Abbad
5813:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
5778:Ja'far ibn Harb
5743:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
5740:
5732:
5700:
5661:ī (Muqātilīyya)
5641:
5599:
5555:Shah Abdul Aziz
5428:
5420:
5374:
5360:Ahmad al-Dardir
5245:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
5133:
5112:
5084:
5056:
5023:
4984:
4983:
4959:
4954:
4924:
4919:
4890:
4880:Awn Al-Qaddoumi
4754:
4701:
4690:Uways al-Barawi
4654:
4637:
4608:
4555:
4472:
4444:Ibn Daqiq al-Id
4426:Ahmad al-Badawi
4402:
4367:Ahmed al-Rifa`i
4331:
4272:
4208:
4138:
4115:
4096:
4091:
4054:
3961:
3943:
3941:Further reading
3938:
3932:The Shi'i World
3920:
3898:
3868:Dutton, Yasin.
3861:
3842:
3821:
3802:
3783:
3753:
3743:Rowman Altamira
3730:
3711:
3689:Hallaq, Wael B.
3676:
3664:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3471:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3275:
3268:
3252:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3157:Christelow 2000
3155:
3148:
3135:
3114:
3101:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3031:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2976:
2971:. 8 April 2024.
2963:
2962:
2953:
2945:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2902:
2897:
2861:Politics portal
2859:
2852:
2845:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2779:From South Asia
2684:
2679:
2556:Ahmed ar-Rifa'i
2469:
2369:Arabic language
2260:Ibn al-Mulaqqin
2184:
2074:Ibn al-Mulaqqin
1902:
1798:regions of the
1745:
1717:
1689:Ayyubid dynasty
1614:
1593:
1571:
1553:
1538:
1506:
1475:
1465:The concept of
1437:
1407:
1371:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1301:Sulaymani Bohra
1270:
1239:
1210:
1194:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1156:Nation of Islam
1110:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1031:
997:
937:
927:
926:
925:
887:
853:
813:
790:
789:
781:
780:
775:
687:and across the
582:
514:
478:
476:
471:
470:
449:Kutub al-Sittah
438:
430:
429:
410:
400:
399:
353:
343:
342:
317:
316:
287:
277:
276:
234:
233:
208:
193:
192:
168:
158:
157:
128:
118:
117:
73:
50:
49:
41:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8553:
8543:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8505:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8418:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8394:
8385:
8370:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8333:Muhammad Abduh
8324:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8214:
8212:
8203:
8193:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8176:Rashad Khalifa
8168:
8167:
8166:
8161:
8159:Muhammad Iqbal
8151:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8109:
8108:
8102:
8099:
8093:
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8089:
8088:
8087:
8086:
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8076:
8075:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8050:
8043:
8041:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8012:
8005:Bektashi Order
7998:
7989:
7975:
7973:
7964:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7901:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7884:
7883:
7882:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7854:Abu al-Khattab
7845:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7812:Abū Hulmān al-
7805:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7793:
7791:
7782:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7767:Amr ibn Murrah
7765:
7764:Ahmad ibn Hārb
7762:
7759:
7756:
7753:
7752:Salm ibn Sālem
7750:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7727:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7684:Sāleh ibn Umar
7679:
7678:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7660:Gassān al-Kūfī
7655:
7654:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
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7563:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7518:
7509:
7507:Jābir ibn Zayd
7504:
7498:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7484:
7475:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7453:
7452:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7443:
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7428:
7425:
7418:
7416:
7407:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7375:Tawussite Shia
7372:
7371:
7370:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
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7135:
7134:
7129:
7128:
7127:
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7117:
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7058:
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7020:
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7005:
7004:
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6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6845:Imams of Yemen
6842:
6840:Yahya ibn Umar
6837:
6836:
6835:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6804:
6802:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
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6779:
6778:
6777:
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6775:
6766:
6753:
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6728:
6727:
6726:
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6699:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6681:
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6671:
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6669:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6594:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6551:
6549:
6534:
6524:
6523:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6466:
6455:
6448:Kitab al-Majmu
6444:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6286:Asas al-Taqdis
6281:
6279:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
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6223:
6221:
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6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6136:Ja'far Sobhani
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6039:Husayn ibn Ali
6036:
6031:
6020:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5974:
5972:Salman al-Ouda
5969:
5968:
5967:
5965:Sahwa movement
5957:
5955:Zubair Ali Zai
5952:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5835:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5803:Al-Zamakhshari
5800:
5799:
5798:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5748:
5746:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5678:
5662:
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5540:Ahmad Sirhindi
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5408:
5401:Malik ibn Anas
5398:
5387:
5385:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5165:Al-Shahrastani
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4874:Afifi al-Akiti
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4850:Umar bin Hafiz
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4808:Naqib al-Attas
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4622:(1492/93–1565)
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4458:(1252/53–1334)
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4414:Ibn Abil-Hadid
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4357:(1105–c. 1176)
4352:
4349:Al-Shahrastani
4346:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4192:Ibn al-Mundhir
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:Shafi'i school
4090:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4052:External links
4050:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
3998:
3984:
3973:
3959:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3924:
3919:978-0821412978
3918:
3902:
3897:978-0521523097
3896:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3860:978-0415297967
3859:
3846:
3841:978-1780744209
3840:
3825:
3820:978-0521861472
3819:
3806:
3801:978-9793780191
3800:
3787:
3782:978-1851685653
3781:
3757:
3751:
3734:
3729:978-0415421256
3728:
3715:
3709:
3681:
3680:
3675:978-0814769980
3674:
3662:
3653:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3618:
3603:
3585:
3571:
3547:
3528:(1): 119–146.
3508:
3496:
3494:, p. 121.
3484:
3469:
3448:
3427:
3409:
3397:
3382:
3367:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3288:, p. 209.
3273:
3266:
3239:
3221:
3199:
3176:
3174:, p. 139.
3161:
3159:, p. 377.
3146:
3112:
3072:
3060:
3029:
3007:
2995:
2974:
2951:
2934:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Afifi al-Akiti
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2659:Book cover of
2653:
2652:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Kamal Khujandi
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:Imam al-Haddad
2522:
2517:
2512:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1859:
1832:
1803:
1800:North Caucasus
1780:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1729:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:Southeast Asia
1696:
1677:
1650:
1619:Mālik ibn Anas
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1552:
1549:
1537:
1534:
1505:
1502:
1474:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1414:
1406:
1403:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1311:Hebtiahs Bohra
1308:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1222:Ja'fari school
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1206:Shafi'i school
1203:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:Hanbali school
1181:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:Other variants
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
938:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
906:
905:
904:
893:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
852:
851:
849:Predestination
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
814:
809:
808:
805:
804:
796:
795:
774:
771:
748:ٱلشَّافِعِيَّة
705:Southeast Asia
693:Horn of Africa
685:North Caucasus
681:Kurdish people
661:Southeast Asia
522:Shafi'i school
516:
515:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
487:
486:
473:
472:
469:
468:
467:
466:
455:
454:
453:
452:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
428:
427:
422:
417:
411:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
381:
380:
375:
365:
360:
354:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
314:
313:
303:
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
231:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
129:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
108:Predestination
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
74:
69:
68:
65:
64:
56:
55:
26:
18:Shafiʽi school
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8552:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8517:
8515:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8462:
8461:
8458:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8414:Other beliefs
8411:
8405:
8402:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8389:
8388:Hilmi Tunahan
8386:
8384:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8363:
8355:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8338:Muhammad Asad
8336:
8334:
8331:
8330:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8248:Sabbatai Zevi
8246:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8194:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:Ali al-Aswarī
8097:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8068:
8062:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8034:
8030:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7955:
7951:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7870:Muʿāmmarīyya
7869:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7806:
7803:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7555:
7548:
7544:
7534:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7434:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7386:
7385:Waqifite Shia
7383:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7326:
7318:
7315:
7311:
7310:Ishaq al-Turk
7308:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7193:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7068:Hamdan Qarmat
7066:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6965:Safavid Islam
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6949:Sheikh Haydar
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6692:
6688:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6542:
6541:Ahl al-Hadith
6538:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6228:Zaydi Shi'ism
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Musa al-Kazim
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6044:Ali al-Sajjad
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6034:Hasan ibn Ali
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6005:Post-Salafism
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5869:Ibn Taymiyyah
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5850:Mustadrakīyya
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5808:Amr ibn Ubayd
5806:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4844:Gibril Haddad
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4784:Hasyim Muzadi
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4743:Ahmed Kuftaro
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4591:Al-Qastallani
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4550:Ibn al-Jazari
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4438:Ibn Khallikan
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4391:Ibn Abi'l-Dam
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4326:Ahmad Ghazali
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:Ibn Khuzaymah
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4010:0-415-34888-9
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3960:9781479855445
3956:
3952:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:. Routledge.
3852:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:. Routledge.
3721:
3716:
3712:
3710:9780521678735
3706:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3628:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3575:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3506:, p. 16.
3505:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3336:
3327:
3318:
3311:
3310:Khadduri 1961
3306:
3300:, p. 39.
3299:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3021:
3020:"Shafi'iyyah"
3014:
3012:
3005:, p. 77.
3004:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2949:, p. 17.
2948:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2932:, p. 31.
2931:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2837:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Hasyim Muzadi
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:Wahba Zuhayli
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Ahmed Kuftaro
2693:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2669:(d. 771/1370)
2668:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2650:Nizam al-Mulk
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Ibn Khallikan
2619:
2617:
2616:Ibn al-Najjar
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Shams Tabrizi
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Yusuf Hamdani
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:(c.1061-1123)
2531:
2530:Ahmad Ghazali
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:(c.1300-1373)
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2112:(c.1503-1566)
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Al-Qastallani
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:(c.1372-1449)
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:(c.1300-1373)
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:(c.1274-1348)
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Ibn al-Najjar
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Ibn Khuzaymah
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1961:(c.1445-1505)
1960:
1957:
1955:(c.1228-1302)
1954:
1951:
1949:(c.1182-1262)
1948:
1945:
1943:(c.1300-1373)
1942:
1939:
1937:(c.1213-1288)
1936:
1933:
1931:(c.1150-1209)
1930:
1927:
1925:(c.1230-1277)
1924:
1921:
1919:(c.1058-1111)
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:and southern
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:Swahili Coast
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:al-Shafiʽi's
1470:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:Ma'qul al-asl
1432:
1426:
1422:
1419:— defined by
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1399:jurisprudence
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Dawoodi Bohra
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1214:Hanafi school
1212:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Maliki school
1199:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1190:Zahiri school
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
942:
936:
931:
930:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
903:
900:
899:
898:
897:Ahl al-Hadith
895:
894:
892:
891:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
857:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
818:
812:
807:
806:
802:
798:
797:
793:
785:
779:
778:
770:
767:
755:
754:al-shāfiʿiyya
740:
734:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:Swahili Coast
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
577:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
540:
531:
527:
523:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
489:
488:
485:
475:
474:
465:
462:
461:
460:
457:
456:
451:
450:
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
434:
433:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
404:
403:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
352:
347:
346:
338:
334:
330:
327:
326:
325:
321:
311:
310:Ahl al-Hadith
307:
304:
301:
297:
293:
290:
289:
286:
281:
280:
273:
272:
268:
266:
265:
261:
259:
258:
254:
252:
251:
247:
245:
244:
240:
239:
238:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
203:
197:
196:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
167:
162:
161:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
127:
122:
121:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
103:Judgement Day
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
66:
62:
58:
57:
53:
45:
39:
38:
33:
19:
8397:Other orders
8302: /
8295:Nur movement
8266: /
8223:Mirza Ghulam
8154:Tolu-e-Islam
8023:Galibi Order
8021: /
8001:Balım Sultan
7996:Babai revolt
7987:Qalandariyya
7985: /
7887:Mufaḍḍaliyya
7796:Jawārībīyya
7749:Umar ibn Zar
7718:Other Murjīs
7447:Bayhasīyyah
7364:Nuqta-yi Ula
7180:Pir Sadardin
7173: /
7087: /
7083: /
7000: /
6992: /
6979: /
6959: /
6955: /
6951: /
6808:Zayd ibn Ali
6758: /
6745: /
6714:
6696:Ilm al-Kalam
6609: /
6602:Ahl-i Hadith
6470:Umm al-kitab
6468:
6457:
6446:
6439:
6421:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6368:
6361:
6356:Fihi Ma Fihi
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6024:Twelve Imams
5943:Ahl-i Hadith
5874:Ibnul Qayyim
5754:(Nazzāmīyya)
5414:
5235:Ibn al-Jawzi
5175:Al-Taftazani
5150:Al-Baqillani
4868:Ali al-Jifri
4486:(d. 1315/16)
4397:Ibn al-Salah
4328:(d. 1123/26)
4220:Al-Daraqutni
4135:(791/92–878)
4104:by century (
4093:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4001:
3987:
3978:
3969:j.ctt17mvkhj
3949:
3931:
3910:
3906:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3850:
3830:
3810:
3791:
3766:
3738:
3719:
3694:
3682:
3665:
3657:
3648:
3641:
3637:Bibliography
3621:
3612:
3606:
3593:
3588:
3574:
3563:. Retrieved
3559:
3550:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3480:Hallaq 2009a
3464:the original
3458:
3456:"Istihsan".
3451:
3443:the original
3437:
3435:"Istislah".
3430:
3421:
3412:
3405:Ridgeon 2003
3400:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3360:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3256:
3229:
3224:
3193:
3172:Pouwels 2002
3139:
3105:
3063:
3054:
3023:
2998:
2991:Ramadan 2006
2968:
2907:
2847:Islam portal
2778:
2777:
2750:
2749:
2725:Ali al-Jifri
2715:Sa'id Foudah
2687:
2686:
2672:
2660:
2636:
2635:
2591:
2590:
2500:
2499:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2403:
2402:
2366:
2365:
2318:Usul al-Fiqh
2315:
2314:
2235:Ibn al-Salah
2189:
2188:
2183:
2116:
2115:
2037:Ibn al-Salah
2018:(c.994-1066)
2001:Al-Daraqutni
1965:
1964:
1935:Ibn al-Nafis
1894:
1834:South Asia:
1807:Indian Ocean
1754:
1743:Distribution
1720:Rise of the
1700:Indian Ocean
1681:Salah al-Din
1606:
1601:Indian Ocean
1539:
1530:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1464:
1430:
1396:
1376:
1330:
1205:
1173:
1172:
1161:Unaffiliated
1094:
1076:
1032:
998:
939:
888:
854:
815:
728:ٱلشَّافِعِيّ
719:
715:
711:
709:
689:Indian Ocean
655:, as far as
653:Indian Ocean
638:
587:
573:traditionist
525:
521:
519:
447:
378:Ahl-i Hadith
318:In terms of
315:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
232:
222:
126:Five Pillars
8540:Sunni Islam
8348:Rashid Rida
8196:Independent
8181:Edip Yüksel
8144:Ahle Qur'an
8095:Nazzāmīyya
8092:Ikhshīdiyya
8079:Huzaylīyya
8070:Bahshamiyya
8046:Mā’marīyya
8038:Rationalism
7983:Malamatiyya
7903:Mānsūrīyya
7849:Khaṭṭābiyya
7780:Mu'shabbiha
7740:Sābit Kutna
7673:Sawbānīyya
7657:Gassānīyya
7641:Gaylānīyya
7635:Other sects
7430:Sa'labīyyah
7427:Maymunīyyah
7404:Arbitration
7286:Khurramites
7250:Sam‘ānīyya
7023:Bābā Rexheb
6953:Shah Ismail
6773:Millî Görüş
6691:Ahl ar-Ra'y
6633:Al-Uthaymin
6554:Kullabiyya
6532:Sunni Islam
6433:Independent
6277:Sunni books
6101:Shaykh Tusi
6074:Ali al-Hadi
6064:Ali al-Rida
6001:Yasir Qadhi
5906:Al-Uthaymin
5896:Rashid Rida
5891:Al-Shawkani
5787:(Jāhizīyya)
5772:(Jubbāīyya)
5676:Jawālikīyya
5530:Ali al-Qari
5445:Al-Sarakhsi
5431:Al-Maturidi
5305:Al-Sha'rani
5285:Ibn Khaldun
5160:Al-Qushayri
5122:Theologians
5103:Metaphysics
5009:Eschatology
4976:Theologians
4838:Zaid Shakir
4798:(1950–2022)
4792:(1935–2022)
4786:(1944–2017)
4780:(1937–2016)
4774:(1935–2016)
4768:(1932–2015)
4751:(1906–2008)
4745:(1915–2004)
4739:(1908–2002)
4733:(1908–1981)
4727:(1877–1960)
4721:(1879–1952)
4715:(1849–1932)
4698:(1860–1916)
4692:(1847–1909)
4686:(1828–1904)
4684:Shaykh Sufi
4680:(1816–1886)
4674:(1820–1882)
4668:(1784–1860)
4651:(1634–1720)
4628:(1503–1566)
4620:Al-Sha`rani
4605:(1466–1533)
4599:(1420–1520)
4593:(1448–1517)
4587:(1445–1505)
4581:(1428–1497)
4569:(1372–1449)
4552:(1350–1429)
4540:(1335–1404)
4534:(1325–1403)
4528:(1344–1392)
4522:(1322–1390)
4510:(1327–1370)
4504:(1302–1367)
4498:(1284–1355)
4492:(1274–1348)
4464:(1256–1341)
4446:(1228–1302)
4440:(1211–1282)
4434:(1230–1277)
4428:(1200–1276)
4399:(1181–1245)
4393:(1187–1244)
4387:(1156–1233)
4381:(1150–1209)
4375:(1154–1191)
4369:(1119–1183)
4363:(1079–1180)
4355:Ibn `Asakir
4351:(1086–1153)
4345:(1058–1111)
4316:(1028–1085)
4308:Al-Qushayri
4304:(1002–1071)
4284:Al-Tha'labi
4268:Al-Lalika'i
4264:(1003–1083)
4204:Fakr ad-Din
3982:. ABC-CLIO.
3928:Zayn Kassam
3794:. Equinox.
3492:Haddad 2007
3068:Hasyim 2005
3003:Kamali 2008
2930:Hallaq 2009
2869:Sunni Islam
2791:Tajul Ulama
2745:Taha Karaan
2606:Ibn 'Asakir
2459:Rashid Rida
2388:Fairuzabadi
2200:Al-Khattabi
2129:(c.839-923)
1996:Al-Khattabi
1913:(c.791-878)
1887:Philippines
1850:, southern
1769:Lower Egypt
1576:Ahl al-Ra'y
1518:Twelve Imam
1321:Qutbi Bohra
1306:Alavi Bohra
909:Ahl al-Ra'y
766:al-shawāfiʿ
760:ٱلشَّوَافِع
673:Lower Egypt
641:Middle East
630:Ahl al-Ra'y
558:Sunni Islam
464:Persecution
300:Ahl al-Ra'y
52:Sunni Islam
8514:Categories
8392:Süleymancı
8300:Said Nursî
8259:Mahdavīyya
8210:Messianism
8114:Sumamīyya
8104:Hābītīyya
7992:Baba Ishak
7934:Saba'īyya
7921:Mukhāmmīsa
7912:Mughīrīyya
7899:Ghurābīyya
7861:Bāzīghiyya
7829:Bārāq Bābā
7808:Hulmānīyya
7705:Ziyādīyya
7697:Ubaydīyya
7689:Shamrīyya
7681:Sālehīyya
7665:Tūmanīyya
7649:Yūnusīyya
7610:Sauwāqīyya
7586:Hakāiqīyya
7570:Karrāmīyya
7560:Hanafiyyah
7414:Kharijites
7352:Nuktawiyya
7303:al-Muqanna
7281:Muḥammirah
7269:Abu Muslim
7265:Rezāmīyya
7240:Hārithīyya
7232:Janāhiyya
7222:Hashimiyya
7196:Kaysanites
7143:Badakhshan
7076:Qarmatians
7063:Batiniyyah
7043:Isma'ilism
7014:Demir Bābā
7009:Baktāshism
7002:Bektashism
6981:ibn Nusayr
6977:al-Khaṣībī
6961:Kul Nesîmî
6957:Pir Sultan
6862:Khalafiyya
6857:Dukayniyya
6791:Shia Islam
6733:Maturidism
6655:Madkhalism
6558:Ibn Kullab
6381:Shia books
5931:Madkhalism
5831:Najjārīyya
5721:al-Qībtī (
5695:Karramiyya
5691:Ibn Karram
5647:Mu'jassimā
5535:Al-Maydani
5525:Ali Qushji
5450:Al-Bazdawi
5426:Maturidism
5411:Al-Shafi'i
5280:Al-Baydawi
5240:Qadi Ayyad
5215:Ibn Tumart
5170:Al-Ghazali
5155:Al-Juwayni
5145:Al-Bayhaqi
5136:al-Ash'ari
5108:Philosophy
5029:Philosophy
4725:Said Nursî
4579:Al-Sakhawi
4573:Al-Mahalli
4544:Ibn Nuhaas
4514:Ibn Kathir
4490:Al-Dhahabi
4450:Al-Baydawi
4343:Al-Ghazali
4320:Al-Baghawi
4314:Al-Juwayni
4310:(986–1072)
4298:(994–1066)
4296:Al-Bayhaqi
4292:(972–1058)
4290:Al-Mawardi
4246:(935–1025)
4234:(933–1014)
4150:Al-Humaydi
4127:Al-Shafi'i
3565:2023-09-24
3418:"Istiḥsān"
3298:Brown 2014
2947:Saeed 2008
2895:References
2889:Shia Islam
2626:Al-Dhahabi
2477:Philosophy
2444:Al-Ghazali
2439:Al-Juwayni
2434:Al-Bayhaqi
2414:Ibn Kullab
2383:Ibn Hisham
2356:Al-Mahalli
2336:Al-Ghazali
2331:Al-Juwayni
2305:Ibn Nuhaas
2270:Al-Mahalli
2265:Al-Baydawi
2225:Al-Baghawi
2220:Al-Ghazali
2215:Al-Juwayni
2205:Al-Mawardi
2174:Said Nursî
2164:Al-Mahalli
2159:Al-Baydawi
2148:Ibn Kathir
2138:Al-Baghawi
2095:Al-Sakhawi
2068:Ibn Kathir
2057:Al-Dhahabi
2032:Ibn Asakir
2027:Al-Baghawi
2016:Al-Bayhaqi
1991:Ibn Hibban
1941:Ibn Kathir
1917:Al-Ghazali
1854:, western
1852:Tamil Nadu
1784:Azerbaijan
1775:, and the
1731:Under the
1615: 767
1608:Al-Shāfiʿī
1541:Al-Shāfiʿī
1421:Al-Shāfiʿī
1174:Including:
1126:Mujassimah
834:Holy books
773:Principles
739:al-shāfiʿī
701:South Asia
576:al-Shafi'i
443:Literature
408:Holy sites
296:Maturidism
153:Pilgrimage
88:Holy books
8320:Modernism
8252:Sabbatean
8240:Kabbalist
8218:Ahmadiyya
8149:Kala Kato
8122:Kā‘bīyya
8053:Bishriyya
8033:Muʿtazila
7961:al-Juhani
7954:Qadariyah
7824:Kalandars
7804:Hāshwīyya
7692:Abū Shamr
7625:Zarībīyya
7622:Wāhidīyya
7613:Sūramīyya
7607:Razīnīyya
7583:Dhīmmīyya
7552:Hasan ibn
7526:Wahbiyyah
7473:Abu Qurra
7399:Muhakkima
7343:Hurufiyya
7330:Mahdiists
7245:Riyāhīyya
7226:Hārbīyya
7167:Aga Khans
7162:Assassins
7125:Sulaymani
7089:ad-Darazi
7027:Hārābātīs
6944:Qizilbash
6937:Shaykhism
6813:Jarudiyya
6724:Al-Ahbash
6705:Ash'arism
6638:Al-Albani
6618:Wahhabism
6463:Ahmadiyya
6404:Al-Khisal
6314:Al-Irshad
6269:Key books
5916:Al-Albani
5884:Wahhabism
5738:Mu'tazila
5727:Qadariyah
5605:Mu'attila
5520:Ibn Kemal
5515:Khidr Bey
5395:Hanafiyah
5330:Al-Bahūtī
5325:Ibn Ashir
5290:Ibn Arafa
5185:Ibn Furak
5180:Al-Maziri
5131:Ash'arism
5098:Cosmology
5075:Cosmology
5070:Astronomy
5042:Education
4882:(b. 1982)
4876:(b. 1976)
4870:(b. 1971)
4864:(b. 1970)
4858:(b. 1964)
4852:(b. 1963)
4846:(b. 1960)
4840:(b. 1956)
4834:(b. 1954)
4828:(b. 1952)
4826:Ali Gomaa
4822:(b. 1945)
4816:(b. 1942)
4810:(b. 1931)
4804:(b. 1931)
4759:15th/21st
4706:14th/20th
4659:13th/19th
4642:11th/17th
4634:(d. 1570)
4613:10th/16th
4585:Al-Suyuti
4575:(d. 1460)
4546:(d. 1411)
4520:Taftazani
4516:(d. 1373)
4452:(d. 1319)
4432:Al-Nawawi
4422:(d. 1262)
4416:(d. 1258)
4322:(d. 1122)
4286:(d. 1035)
4258:(d. 1038)
4256:Abu Nuaym
4252:(d. 1037)
4240:(d. 1015)
4238:Ibn Furak
4222:(918–995)
4200:(874–936)
4194:(855–930)
4188:(837–923)
4176:(824–887)
4174:Ibn Majah
4164:(810–870)
4158:(781–857)
4133:Al-Muzani
3542:2228-7906
3051:"Shāfiʿī"
2915:Citations
2700:Ali Gomaa
2638:Statesmen
2424:Ibn Furak
2398:Al-Suyuti
2378:Ibn Malik
2361:Al-Suyuti
2280:Al-Suyuti
2245:Al-Nawawi
2240:Ar-Rafi'i
2169:Al-Suyuti
2127:Al-Tabari
2100:Al-Suyuti
2047:Al-Nawawi
1959:Al-Suyuti
1911:Al-Muzani
1871:Singapore
1863:Indonesia
1856:Karnataka
1840:Sri Lanka
1728:scholars.
1702:, as far
1603:littoral.
1481:al-Risala
1261:Qizilbash
1151:Ahmadiyya
1146:Quraniyya
1141:Qadariyya
1136:Mu'tazila
1090:Muhakkima
733:romanized
720:Shafi'ist
716:Shafi'ite
683:, in the
539:romanized
526:Shafi'ism
425:Jerusalem
385:Modernism
373:Wahhabism
333:al-Wijdan
292:Ash'arism
8437:Tawakkul
8404:Tawassul
8366:Taṣawwuf
8288:doctrine
8136:Quranism
7925:Namiriya
7554:Muḥāmmad
7547:Murji'ah
7261:Rawendis
7184:Satpanth
7105:Musta'li
7100:Fatimids
6998:Hurufism
6985:Alawites
6890:Sects in
6882:Mahdiist
6818:Batriyya
6764:Deobandi
6715:Shafi'is
6650:Jihadism
6597:Salafism
6565:Hanbalis
6546:Atharism
6459:Malfūzāt
6397:Al-Amali
5994:Hazimism
5706:Murji'ah
5630:Jahmīyya
5618:Mu'jbira
5210:Ibn Aqil
4560:9th/15th
4477:8th/14th
4407:7th/13th
4336:6th/12th
4277:5th/11th
4228:(d. 996)
4213:4th/10th
4182:(d. 915)
4180:Al-Nasai
4170:(d. 875)
4152:(d. 834)
3763:(2008).
3691:(2009).
3390:Istihsan
3375:Istislah
2833:See also
2406:Theology
2052:Al-Mizzi
1879:Thailand
1867:Malaysia
1836:Maldives
1827:and the
1821:Ethiopia
1813:Djibouti
1811:Africa:
1788:Dagestan
1733:Safavids
1722:Ottomans
1706:and the
1666:Khorasan
1664:and the
1580:Istiḥsān
1558:Muhammad
1545:Istiḥsan
1467:Istishab
1286:Satpanth
1256:Bektashi
1116:Jabriyya
1017:Prophecy
919:Maturidi
829:Prophets
784:a series
782:Part of
695:and the
667:and the
649:Safavids
647:and the
645:Ottomans
634:Istiḥsān
606:Muhammad
368:Salafism
337:al-Kashf
306:Atharism
173:Abu Bakr
44:a series
42:Part of
8525:Madhhab
8520:Shafi'i
8486:Shafi'i
8476:Hanbali
8442:Tewafuq
8422:Sadaqah
8383:Barelvi
8374:Ṭarīqah
8228:Qadiani
8201:beliefs
7971:Alevism
7818:Dimashq
7604:Nūnīyya
7598:Maʿīyya
7558:ibn al-
7533:Azzabas
7494:Ibadism
7482:Nukkari
7436:Azariqa
7421:Ajardi
7368:Bábīyya
7274:Sunpadh
7206:Mukhtār
7171:Nizaris
7146:Alevism
7120:Dawoodi
7110:Tayyibi
7072:Sevener
7051:Fathite
6925:Akhbari
6920:Ja'fari
6907:Twelver
6886:Shi'ite
6823:Imamate
6800:Zaydism
6751:Barelvi
6738:Hanafis
6710:Malikis
6679:Maqrizi
6628:Ibn Baz
6587:Zahiris
6349:Masnavi
5901:Ibn Baz
5715:Dimashq
5415:Shafi‘i
5345:'Illish
5080:Physics
5062:Science
4905:Hanbali
4162:Bukhari
4143:3rd/9th
4120:2nd/8th
2884:Hanbali
2645:Saladin
2594:history
2371:studies
1875:Myanmar
1825:Eritrea
1817:Somalia
1805:On the
1792:Chechen
1779:people.
1777:Kurdish
1693:Baybars
1674:Ghurids
1662:Bukhara
1635:Baghdad
1591:History
1586:error".
1562:Shāfiʿī
1498:Baghdad
1490:Risālah
1473:Risālah
1445:Shari'a
1386:or the
1380:Shari'a
1292:Mustali
1234:Shaykhi
1230:Akhbari
1041:Walayah
1027:Qiyamah
993:Tabarra
988:Tawalla
914:Ash'ari
863:Shahada
735::
712:Shafi'i
614:Ḥadīths
598:Ḥanbalī
565:scholar
556:within
550:schools
541::
459:History
228:Hanbali
223:Shafi'i
202:schools
148:Fasting
143:Charity
71:Beliefs
8491:Zahiri
8481:Maliki
8471:Hanafi
8447:Thawab
8427:Sunnah
8352:Other
8308:Hizmet
8272:Zikris
8243:Dönmes
8233:Lahori
8199:Muslim
8019:Rifa`i
7959:Ma'bad
7841:Tajsīm
7789:Tamsīl
7516:Ifrani
7456:Najdat
7359:Shayki
7328:Other
7296:Mazyar
7175:Khojas
7153:Nizari
7132:Hafizi
7093:Druzes
7074:
7018:Alians
6972:Ghulat
6452:Alawis
5719:Nabati
5684:Abdals
5666:Juzjan
5405:Maliki
5090:Sufism
5014:Ethics
5001:Aqidah
4993:Fields
4972:Fields
4915:Zahiri
4910:Maliki
4900:Hanafi
4008:
3994:
3967:
3957:
3916:
3894:
3857:
3838:
3817:
3798:
3779:
3749:
3726:
3707:
3672:
3556:"Iran"
3540:
3504:Dutton
3264:
2879:Maliki
2874:Hanafi
2673:
2503:Sufism
2119:Tafsir
1968:Hadith
1883:Brunei
1848:Kerala
1796:Ingush
1765:Levant
1763:, the
1726:Ḥanafī
1679:Under
1672:. The
1670:Daylam
1658:Kirman
1643:Medina
1417:Sunnah
1411:Qurʾān
1388:Sunnah
1384:Qurʾān
1277:Nizari
1266:Ishiki
1046:Tawhid
1022:Imamah
1012:Adalah
1007:Tawhid
902:Athari
839:Angels
792:Aqidah
724:Arabic
669:Levant
618:Sunnah
610:Qurʾān
594:Mālikī
590:Ḥanafī
571:, and
569:jurist
562:Muslim
530:Arabic
420:Medina
395:Farahi
271:Jariri
264:Laythi
257:Thawri
250:Awza'i
243:Zahiri
235:Others
218:Maliki
213:Hanafi
200:Sunni
183:Uthman
138:Prayer
113:Sahaba
98:Angels
8432:Taqwa
7816:ī ad-
7814:Fāris
7468:Sufri
7291:Babak
7115:Alavi
7081:Hamza
7039:Imami
6930:Usuli
6903:Imami
6894:Islam
6878:Imami
6660:Sahwa
5723:Murjī
5717:ī an-
5668:ī al-
5659:Balkh
5383:Sunni
5380:Early
5052:Peace
5047:Logic
5019:Kalam
4980:Books
3965:JSTOR
3216:(PDF)
2900:Notes
2179:Hamka
1844:India
1773:Yemen
1761:Hejaz
1704:India
1685:Shi'a
1654:Syria
1647:Syria
1639:Mecca
1631:Cairo
1486:Egypt
1459:Ijmā'
1441:Qiyas
1392:Qiyas
1281:Khoja
1251:Alevi
1246:Alawi
1226:Usuli
1131:Murji
1121:Jahmi
1071:Jihad
1056:Zakat
1051:Salah
973:Jihad
968:Khums
958:Zakat
948:Salah
935:Shi'a
878:Zakat
868:Salah
811:Sunni
677:Yemen
665:Hejaz
657:India
626:Ijmā'
622:Qiyās
437:Lists
415:Mecca
331:(Ahl
329:Sufis
320:Ihsan
7198:Shia
5595:Rumi
5037:‘Aql
4006:ISBN
3992:ISBN
3955:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3892:ISBN
3855:ISBN
3836:ISBN
3815:ISBN
3796:ISBN
3777:ISBN
3747:ISBN
3724:ISBN
3705:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3538:ISSN
3262:ISBN
2192:Fiqh
1794:and
1645:and
1641:and
1633:and
1525:Umar
1511:Shia
1066:Hajj
1061:Sawm
963:Hajj
953:Sawm
883:Hajj
873:Sawm
703:and
675:and
659:and
596:and
520:The
294:and
178:Umar
8286:'s
7514:al-
7480:al-
6472:of
6461:of
6450:of
6029:Ali
5681:Rum
5670:Kūf
5657:al-
3530:doi
2592:In
2501:In
2475:In
2404:In
2367:In
2316:In
2190:In
2117:In
1966:In
1547:).
824:God
786:on
769:).
757:or
744:pl.
718:or
707:).
552:of
524:or
335:wa
206:law
204:of
188:Ali
78:God
8516::
8390:–
8381:–
8306:–
8270:–
8250:–
8017:–
8003:–
7994:–
7981:–
7366:–
7350:–
7220:–
7182:–
7169:–
7160:–
7141:–
7091:–
7070:–
7025:–
7016:–
6996:–
6983:–
6963:–
6771:–
6762:–
6749:–
6722:–
5672:ī
4110:AD
4108:/
4106:AH
3963:.
3775:.
3771:.
3745:.
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3703:.
3699:.
3558:.
3536:.
3526:55
3524:.
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3344:^
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3202:^
3192:.
3179:^
3164:^
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3115:^
3075:^
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3032:^
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2977:^
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2954:^
2937:^
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2781::
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2409::
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