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699:. The difference between servlets and JSP is that servlets typically embed HTML inside Java code, while JSPs embed Java code in HTML. In general, when using JSPs, embedding Java code in JSP is considered bad practice. Instead, a better approach would be to move the back-end logic from the JSP to the Java code in the
1152:
method determines the kind of request being made and dispatches it to an appropriate method to handle the request. The developer of the servlet must provide an implementation for these methods. If a request is made for a method that is not implemented by the servlet, the method of the parent class is
687:
is required for deploying and running a servlet. A web container (also known as a servlet container) is essentially the component of a web server that interacts with the servlets. The web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and
665:. There are several ways of creating a servlet and using URL mapping with a servlet. Before servlet 3.0 specification (Tomcat 7.0), configuring the web.xml to map a servlet to a URL was the only option. For applications using the servlet 3.0 specification or later, the
751:
conference in May 1996. About two months after the announcements at the conference, the first public implementation was made available on the JavaSoft website. This was the first alpha of the Java Web Server (JWS; then known by its codename
2179:; Diwanji, Pavni & Connelly, David W., "Apparatus and method for dynamically generating information with server-side software objects", published 1999-07-27, issued 1999-07-27, assigned to
2247:
We cover
Version 2.0 of the Servlet API, which was introduced as part of the Java Web Server 1.1 in December 1997 and clarified by the release of the Java Servlet Development Kit 2.0 in April 1998.
195:
Violates
Knowledge:External links: "Knowledge articles may include links to web pages outside Knowledge (external links), but they should not normally be used in the body of an article."
1966:
612:
package defines Java objects to represent servlet requests and responses, as well as objects to reflect the servlet's configuration parameters and execution environment.
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525:
that conforms to the
Jakarta Servlet API, a standard for implementing Java classes that respond to requests. Servlets could in principle communicate over any
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While the direct usage of servlets to generate HTML (as shown in the example below) has become rare, the higher level MVC web framework in
Jakarta EE (
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method to relinquish any resources such as file handles that are allocated for the servlet; important data may be saved to a persistent store.
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646:. This package includes session management objects that track multiple requests and responses between the web server and a client.
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The servlet remains in the container's address space and is available to process any other HTTP requests received from clients.
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The specification for
Servlet technology has been implemented in many products. See a list of implementations on the
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775:, but the concept did not become a product until December 1996 when Sun shipped JWS. This was before what is now the
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is only responsible for processing, and the JSP is only responsible for presenting the HTML, allowing for a clear
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The
Jakarta Servlet API has, to some extent, been superseded by two standard Java technologies for web services:
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class. Thus "servlet" is often used as shorthand for "HTTP servlet". Thus, a servlet can be used to add
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722:) still explicitly uses the servlet technology for the low level request/response handling via the
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It is possible to pass initialization parameters to the servlet so that it may configure itself.
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2199:"What's new in Servlet 3.1 ? - Java EE 7 moving forward (Arun Gupta, Miles to go ...)"
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1141:
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55:
1805:, pp. 128–129, §2 Essential servlet and JSP skills - How to create and map a servlet.
8:
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2439:
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1113:. They are implemented by every servlet and are invoked at specific times by the server.
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The servlet is dynamically retrieved and loaded into the address space of the container.
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A somewhat older usage is to use servlets in conjunction with JSPs in a pattern called "
473:. Although servlets can respond to many types of requests, they most commonly implement
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3044:
2910:
2551:
2525:
2459:
2308:
2261:, pp. 160–163, §15 How to develop servlet - More skills for working with servlets.
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There are also other types of servlet containers such as those for SIP servlets, e.g.,
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The HTTP request is received by the web server and forwarded to the servlet container.
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673:
1866:, p. 74, §1 Get started right - Other skills for working with web applications.
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The memory allocated for the servlet and its objects can then be garbage collected.
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that receives a request and generates a response based on that request. The basic
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1118:
867:
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822:
677:
478:
1769:, pp. 170–171, §2 Essential servlet and JSP skills - Perspective - Summary.
1247:
The container may, at some point, decide to unload the servlet from its memory.
198:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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3074:
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2150:
1842:, pp. 40–42, §1 Get started right - The servlet for back-end processing.
1724:
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The algorithms by which this decision is made are specific to each container.
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After initialization, the servlet instance can service client requests. Each
768:
719:
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1321:
is overridden and does not distinguish which HTTP request method it serves.
1029:
Becomes part of J2EE, introduced independent web applications in .war files
782:
The
Servlet1 specification was created by Pavni Diwanji while she worked at
3230:
2886:
2756:
2454:
940:
Pluggability, Ease of development, Async
Servlet, Security, File Uploading
620:
3127:
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2936:
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2632:
2474:
1209:
This method is invoked only when the servlet is first loaded into memory.
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called, typically resulting in an error being returned to the requester.
629:, defines the expected interactions of the web container and a servlet.
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1021:
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annotation can be used to map any servlet to one or more URL patterns.
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2003:
1971:
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1883:, pp. 46–47, §1 Get started right - The JSP for the second page.
1227:
The servlet may read data that has been provided in the HTTP request.
916:
764:
383:
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is serviced in its own separate thread. The web container calls the
1121:, the web container initializes the servlet instance by calling the
1101:
Three methods are central to the life cycle of a servlet. These are
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2821:
2399:
760:
747:
The Java
Servlet API was first publicly announced at the inaugural
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interface. This configuration object allows the servlet to access
756:) which would eventually be shipped as a product on June 5, 1997.
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2987:
2905:
2686:
2624:
2593:
1937:
1731:
1317:, and so on; according to the HTTP request. In the example below
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502:
486:
402:
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remove deprecated features and implement requested enhancements
539:
class; however, realistically speaking, all servlets extend the
3202:
3142:
3137:
3016:
2816:
2669:
2659:
2654:
1925:
Diwanji, Pavani; Connelly, Dave; Wagle, Prasad (May 29, 1996).
1230:
The servlet may also formulate an HTTP response for the client.
894:
688:
ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access rights.
3170:
3165:
3147:
2953:
2664:
2223:
Crawford, William; Hunter, Jason (November 1998). "Preface".
767:
lead Jim
Driscoll details the history of servlet technology.
3297:
2776:
2649:
2582:
2314:
1172:
The following is a typical user scenario of these methods.
639:
588:
566:
558:
1967:"Interview: The Java Web Server team gives you the skinny"
1090:
Part of June 1997 Java Servlet Development Kit (JSDK) 1.0
442:
3122:
2841:
580:(JAX-RS 2.0) useful for AJAX, JSON and REST services, and
562:
498:
1271:
The following example servlet prints how many times its
1194:
The container maps this request to a particular servlet.
1183:
The browser then generates an HTTP request for this URL.
2171:
1924:
1186:
This request is then sent to the appropriate server.
1168:, is called only once in the lifecycle of a servlet.
1074:
Part of April 1998 Java Servlet Development Kit 2.0
1137:
initialization parameters from the web application.
915:
Non-blocking I/O, HTTP protocol upgrade mechanism (
657:variables across many server transactions by using
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2224:
1854:, p. 87, §2 Essential servlet and JSP skills.
1224:This method is called to process the HTTP request.
1160:method that takes the servlet out of service. The
3344:
2052:
2050:
771:first thought of servlets in the early days of
2222:
2032:. Weblogs.java.net. 2005-12-10. Archived from
2609:
2356:
2342:
2030:"Servlet History | community.oracle.com"
1148:method of the servlet for every request. The
691:Servlets can be generated automatically from
2047:
1780:"Servlet (Java(TM) EE 7 Specification APIs)"
533:. In principle, any servlets can extend the
529:protocol, but they are most often used with
2274:
2258:
1880:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1802:
1766:
1127:method, passing an object implementing the
1117:During initialization stage of the servlet
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2616:
2602:
2349:
2335:
2307:
1096:
485:and thus qualify as a server-side servlet
349:
1301:class dispatches requests to the methods
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1892:
1374:jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
959:Requires Java SE 5, supports annotation
441:
1365:jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
1242:method is called for each HTTP request.
1176:Assume that a user requests to visit a
14:
3345:
2056:
1635:"Incrementing the count to "
2597:
2330:
2275:Murach, Joel; Urban, Michael (2014).
1996:
1964:
1156:Finally, the web container calls the
27:Jakarta EE programming language class
1813:
1811:
1718:
1050:First official specification, added
557:. The generated content is commonly
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
469:that extends the capabilities of a
24:
2623:
1255:The container calls the servlet's
25:
3369:
2294:
1997:Chang, Phil Inje (June 1, 1997).
1965:Chang, Phil Inje (July 1, 1997).
1808:
45:This article has multiple issues.
1893:Freedman, Matt (June 26, 1996).
1819:"Servlet Essentials - Chapter 1"
1356:jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet
1347:jakarta.servlet.ServletException
1084:
1067:
561:, but may be other data such as
177:
75:
34:
2216:
2191:
2165:
2135:
2124:from the original on 2002-02-06
2106:
2095:from the original on 1998-01-11
2073:
2065:. O'Reilly Conference on Java.
2063:Beyond Java Servlet Programming
2022:
1990:
1958:
1947:from the original on 2000-08-16
1918:
854:
850:
779:was made into a specification.
713:single-responsibility principle
508:
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2277:Murach's Java Servlets and JSP
2147:Family Online Safety Institute
1886:
1772:
875:Renamed from "Java" trademark
672:Servlets may be packaged in a
13:
1:
2268:
1934:Servers and Server Extensions
1647:// accessing a local variable
1338:jakarta.servlet.ServletConfig
697:Jakarta Server Pages compiler
2057:Hunter, Jason (March 2000).
1750:
1704:"destroy() called"
1563:"service() called"
735:", which is a flavor of the
642:-specific subclasses of the
578:Jakarta RESTful Web Services
489:. Such web servlets are the
7:
3358:Java specification requests
1895:"JavaOne conference report"
1737:
1286:, an implementation of the
1130:javax.servlet.ServletConfig
284:; 27 years ago
10:
3374:
1927:"Java Server and Servlets"
1266:
1217:The container invokes the
1202:The container invokes the
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1476:"init() called"
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266:
254:
3353:Java enterprise platform
2227:Java Servlet Programming
1999:"Java Web Server ships!"
1323:
980:web.xml uses XML Schema
703:. This ensures that the
585:Jakarta XML Web Services
2259:Murach & Urban 2014
1881:Murach & Urban 2014
1864:Murach & Urban 2014
1852:Murach & Urban 2014
1840:Murach & Urban 2014
1803:Murach & Urban 2014
1767:Murach & Urban 2014
1386:ServletLifeCycleExample
1221:method of the servlet.
1206:method of the servlet.
1097:Life cycle of a servlet
849:API moved from package
711:and conformance to the
193:. The reason given is:
788:Java Community Process
709:separation of concerns
649:Servlets can maintain
451:
415:Eclipse Public License
2583:Streaming API for XML
2498:Web Services Metadata
2493:SOAP with Attachments
2173:US patent 5928323
2114:"Java Web Server(tm)"
1744:Apache JServ Protocol
861:Jakarta Servlet 4.0.3
737:model–view–controller
497:technologies such as
493:counterpart to other
445:
312:; 2 years ago
2425:Dependency injection
956:Java EE 5, Java SE 5
937:Java EE 6, Java SE 6
794:Servlet API history
693:Jakarta Server Pages
587:(JAX-WS) useful for
95:improve this article
2385:Expression Language
1527:HttpServletResponse
1329:java.io.IOException
1275:method was called.
835:Jakarta Servlet 5.0
816:Jakarta Servlet 6.0
799:Servlet API version
795:
619:, contained in the
565:and more commonly,
495:dynamic web content
310:/ May 31, 2022
2911:Application server
2320:2018-07-25 at the
2059:"Servlet Timeline"
1515:HttpServletRequest
1026:J2EE 1.2, J2SE 1.2
998:J2EE 1.3, J2SE 1.2
977:J2EE 1.4, J2SE 1.3
811:Important Changes
793:
763:, Sun veteran and
635:javax.servlet.http
467:software component
452:
399:Software component
282:December 1996
273:Eclipse Foundation
256:Original author(s)
3340:
3339:
3259:
3258:
3236:Browser extension
3211:
3210:
2931:
2930:
2867:Phusion Passenger
2591:
2590:
2286:978-1-890774-78-3
2242:978-1-56592-391-1
2177:Gosling, James A.
2081:"Java Web Server"
1719:Container servers
1692:getServletContext
1668:// flush response
1551:getServletContext
1464:getServletContext
1282:is a subclass of
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1093:
1052:RequestDispatcher
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224:
171:
170:
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110:"Jakarta Servlet"
68:
16:(Redirected from
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3305:Web API security
3227:Remote scripting
3197:Web SQL Database
3013:
3012:
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2435:Enterprise Beans
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2311:
2306:
2305:
2303:Official website
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2235:. p. ix–x.
2231:(1st ed.).
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2181:Sun Microsystems
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2149:. Archived from
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2118:Sun Microsystems
2110:
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2089:Sun Microsystems
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2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2007:. Archived from
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1975:. Archived from
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1931:
1922:
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1912:
1903:. Archived from
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1825:. Archived from
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1539:ServletException
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1079:Java Servlet 1.0
1062:Java Servlet 2.0
1057:
1053:
1034:Java Servlet 2.1
1009:Java Servlet 2.2
1004:
985:Java Servlet 2.3
964:Java Servlet 2.4
945:Java Servlet 2.5
924:Java Servlet 3.0
901:Java Servlet 3.1
880:Java Servlet 4.0
856:
852:
796:
792:
784:Sun Microsystems
727:
706:
702:
668:
645:
637:
628:
611:
603:
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479:web applications
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21:
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3341:
3336:
3310:Web application
3255:
3207:
3175:
3152:
3079:
3002:
2927:
2871:
2798:
2777:JavaScript JSGI
2757:ASP.NET Handler
2740:Jakarta Servlet
2706:
2627:
2622:
2592:
2587:
2556:
2530:
2509:
2469:
2430:Bean Validation
2411:
2361:
2355:
2322:Wayback Machine
2301:
2300:
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2287:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2257:
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2243:
2221:
2217:
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2205:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2153:on 26 July 2018
2143:"Pavni Diwanji"
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2011:on 2018-07-26
2010:
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1120:
1116:
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1089:
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1082:December 1996
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1065:December 1997
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968:November 2003
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928:December 2009
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851:javax.servlet
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827:Jakarta EE 10
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805:Specification
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769:James Gosling
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695:(JSP) by the
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555:Java platform
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186:This article
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151:February 2014
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112: –
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106:Find sources:
100:
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84:This article
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2946:Browser APIs
2887:Web resource
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2475:Web services
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2315:Servlets.com
2276:
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2226:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
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2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
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2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
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2038:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2024:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:the original
2002:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:the original
1970:
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1949:. Retrieved
1933:
1920:
1909:. Retrieved
1905:the original
1898:
1888:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1827:the original
1823:novocode.com
1822:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
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1641:localCounter
1602:localCounter
1578:synchronized
1572:localCounter
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1001:Addition of
872:Jakarta EE 8
864:Sep 10, 2019
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