794:
2965:
693:
769:
3615:
190:
1317:
30:
837:
622:
and quickly writable by calligraphers who require ideas to be written down quickly. In order to produce legible work using the semi-cursive style, a series of writing conventions is followed, including the linking of the strokes, simplification and merging strokes, adjustments to stroke order and the
776:
Semi-cursive script aims for an informal, natural movement from one stroke to the next. Another distinct feature of this style is being able to pinpoint where each stroke originates and which stroke is it followed by. In order to be able to write in the semi-cursive style, the calligrapher should be
858:
In works written using semi-cursive script, the size of each character can vary greatly with each other. Where works of the regular script are usually written in the same size, semi-cursive characters can be arranged to achieve “rhythm and balance” artistically. To preserve this rhythm and balance,
683:
when
Western influence was heavy in China, in the early 20th century. Although it is not officially taught to students, the style has proceeded to become the most popular Chinese script in modern times. In the digital age, it has been proposed to encode Chinese characters using the "track and point
832:
The fast brush movement needed for the semi-cursive style allows a decrease in the number of strokes needed to produce a character. However, this is done in a way to preserve readability by considering the stroke order of each
Chinese character in most cases. There are no solid rules to the way in
823:
One of the characteristics of semi-cursive script is the joining of consecutive strokes. To execute this, one must write a character in an uninterrupted manner and only stop the brush movement when required. In some scenarios, the strokes may not be visibly linked, but it is possible to grasp the
652:
The
Chinese writing system has been borrowed and used in East Asian countries, including Japan, Korea and Vietnam for thousands of years due to China's extensive influence, technology and large territory. As a result, the culture of calligraphy and its various styles spread across the region,
784:
Many calligraphers choose to use this style when they need to write things down quickly, but still require the characters to be readable. In Japan, most calligraphy works are done in this style due to its ability to create a style unique to the calligrapher in a small timeframe.
849:
With the intention to prioritise speed, calligraphers may choose to make subtle changes to the stroke order of the written character. They may choose to reverse the direction of the stroke or write the strokes out of order compared to how they are written in the regular script.
672:, a possessive particle, twenty-one times all in different forms. The difference in form was generated by Wang under the influence of having alcohol with his acquaintances. He had wanted to reproduce the work again since it was in his liking, but to no avail.
801:
The semi-cursive style is practiced for aesthetic purposes, and a calligrapher may choose to specialize in any script of their preference. The smooth transition and omission of some strokes of the semi-cursive style had also contributed to the
661:
The semi-cursive style was developed in the Han dynasty. Script in this style is written in a more curvaceous style than the regular script, however not as illegible as the cursive script.
859:
most semi-cursive and cursive works are written in vertical columns from right to left, despite the adoption of the
Western standard in Chinese texts, writing in rows from left to right.
756:
writing system and continued to write calligraphy and its various styles using
Chinese characters. In this environment, semi cursive script started seeing use in Korea during the
720:, a large number of calligraphy works were written in the semi-cursive style because the roundedness of the style allowed for a natural flow between kanji and hiragana. In the
700:
Calligraphy culture from China was introduced to Japan in around AD 600 and has been practiced up to the modern day. Although Japan originally used
Chinese characters (called
1843:
708:) to represent words of the spoken language, there were still parts of the spoken language that could not be written using Chinese characters. The phonetic writing systems,
2388:
1266:
2350:
1303:
1043:
Wu, Yao; Jiang, Jie; Li, Yi (December 2018). "A Method of
Chinese Characters Changing from Regular Script to Semi-Cursive Scrip Described by Track and Point Set".
3090:
1872:
724:, general trends have been noticed where semi-cursive was used with hiragana in mixed script for "native" literature and books translated for commoners, while
2897:
2887:
166:
2892:
2651:
2199:
2806:
640:. Semi-cursive script is prominent in modern Chinese society despite the lack of official education for it, a status aided by the introduction of
1349:
614:
and is abbreviated slightly where a character's strokes are permitted to be visibly connected as the writer writes, but not to the extent of the
1026:
2973:
2211:
636:('Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection'), a work published in 353 which remains highly influential to calligraphers throughout the
3723:
1600:
3649:
2175:
2163:
2187:
1679:
676:
is still included in some of the world's most notable calligraphy works and remains highly influential in the calligraphy world.
3271:
2510:
1060:
1002:
974:
899:
3909:
3321:
1321:
3738:
3163:
1342:
3883:
1218:
1136:
833:
which characters are simplified, and it is up to the calligrapher to display their personal style and preferences.
736:
Chinese calligraphy appeared in Korea at around 2nd or 3rd century AD. Korea also used
Chinese characters (called
3243:
664:
One of the most notable calligraphers to produce work using the semi-cursive style is Wang Xizhi, where his work
148:
1267:"Collection of Calligraphic Works by Successive Kings from Seonjo to Sukjong – Kings of Joseon (Seonjo~Sukjong)"
1950:
1593:
1335:
512:
209:
3904:
3832:
3642:
3559:
3013:
803:
772:
Traced copy of the "Preface to the
Orchard Pavilion Collection" by Wang Xizhi, written in semi-cursive script
227:
1084:
Bernard, Kyoko; Nakata, Yujiro; Woodhill, Alan; Nikovskis, Armis (1973). "The Art of
Japanese Calligraphy".
3733:
3618:
3529:
3053:
406:
162:
158:
3534:
3406:
3331:
2988:
1385:
797:
Chinese characters for Guangdong written in simplified Chinese on top, traditional Chinese on the bottom.
1184:
3667:
3576:
3549:
3426:
3338:
3085:
3065:
1557:
1495:
615:
310:
110:
1162:"The Usage of Sentences Mixing Regular-Script Kanji and Hiragana in the Latter Part of the Edo Period"
3878:
3128:
1826:
1586:
1276:
331:
3635:
3502:
3487:
3477:
3191:
572:
1299:
3791:
3771:
3748:
3717:
3691:
3514:
1753:
3507:
3356:
3448:
3291:
1889:
922:
144:
3443:
3366:
3080:
3058:
1813:
1646:
1445:
1433:
1358:
1242:
728:
kanji was used alongside katakana for Classical Chinese works meant to be read by scholars.
3728:
3211:
3179:
3008:
2133:
1628:
8:
3455:
3256:
3223:
3070:
2998:
2915:
2756:
2751:
2505:
2315:
1821:
603:
424:
69:
1161:
235:
217:
3837:
3686:
3571:
3438:
3401:
3286:
3184:
3118:
3113:
3003:
2993:
2619:
2597:
2490:
2298:
2293:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
1692:
1373:
1109:
1066:
1020:
611:
95:
887:
378:
3482:
3472:
3351:
3316:
3171:
3123:
3075:
2842:
2695:
2629:
2485:
2470:
2141:
2118:
2072:
1997:
1923:
1803:
1771:
1725:
1664:
1654:
1619:
1421:
1409:
1224:
1214:
1142:
1132:
1101:
1056:
1008:
998:
970:
895:
705:
73:
1070:
3862:
3701:
3588:
3108:
2983:
2847:
2837:
2822:
2768:
2690:
2641:
2602:
2551:
2465:
2417:
2401:
2281:
2241:
2236:
2123:
2077:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2002:
1831:
1776:
1761:
1637:
1609:
1527:
1169:
1093:
1048:
684:
set" method, which allows users to make their own personalized semi-cursive fonts.
679:
The semi-cursive style was also the basis of the techniques used to write with the
262:
65:
3539:
3519:
3416:
3376:
3361:
3100:
2950:
2940:
2920:
2877:
2872:
2738:
2702:
2685:
2675:
2614:
2432:
2368:
2310:
2258:
2253:
2155:
2051:
2046:
1955:
1902:
1897:
1877:
1862:
1857:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1766:
1738:
1710:
1687:
1459:
1045:
2018 International Joint Conference on Information, Media and Engineering (ICIME)
793:
752:, in 1443. Even then, many calligraphers did not choose to use the newly created
743:
105:
77:
716:, were developed as a result of the semi-cursive and cursive styles. During the
3801:
3786:
3658:
3593:
3583:
3554:
3544:
3261:
3233:
2945:
2930:
2832:
2783:
2778:
2763:
2707:
2646:
2528:
2500:
2480:
2427:
2396:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2320:
2303:
2248:
2113:
2095:
2013:
1987:
1928:
1848:
1836:
1788:
1743:
1733:
1659:
1471:
778:
757:
725:
619:
399:
392:
195:
134:
2964:
1012:
692:
3898:
3827:
3394:
3206:
3201:
2773:
2717:
2712:
2680:
2667:
2543:
2495:
2422:
2378:
2268:
2105:
2028:
1867:
1715:
1702:
1228:
1105:
1052:
324:
1146:
3857:
3266:
3216:
2592:
2475:
2448:
1992:
1982:
717:
680:
641:
632:
447:
368:
269:
3411:
3385:
3281:
3251:
3228:
3196:
2935:
2925:
2729:
2624:
2609:
2572:
2520:
2341:
2332:
2228:
2067:
1942:
1669:
1397:
768:
607:
100:
54:
41:
1327:
3842:
2827:
2801:
2567:
2533:
2038:
1965:
1271:
1113:
721:
637:
627:
610:(202 BC – 220 AD). The style is used to write
303:
669:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3276:
3027:
3018:
2746:
2636:
2288:
2276:
2087:
1918:
347:
1097:
995:
The Chinese writing system in Asia: An interdisciplinary perspective
3781:
3776:
3766:
3696:
3681:
3566:
3152:
2793:
1974:
1578:
1545:
1511:
713:
709:
354:
283:
154:
3627:
3598:
3761:
3465:
3145:
3032:
2861:
2457:
404:
375:
3847:
3524:
3326:
1316:
748:
618:. This makes the style easily readable by readers who can read
475:
29:
1083:
827:
626:
One of the most notable calligraphers who used this style was
189:
3756:
3037:
836:
807:
738:
535:
489:
383:
3852:
1213:. John Brown. North Charleston, South Carolina: BookSurge.
549:
1519:
359:
315:
696:
Japanese calligraphy written in the semi-cursive style.
668:
was written in 353 AD. The work included the character
577:
1304:
Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China
781:
and know the order the strokes should be written in.
288:
274:
1129:
Traces of the brush: The art of Japanese calligraphy
517:
153:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
336:
3896:
892:Shodo: The quiet art of Japanese Zen calligraphy
167:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
452:
429:
1131:. Harumi Kushizaki. San Francisco: Chronicle.
746:) until the invention of the Korean alphabet,
554:
540:
3643:
1594:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1530:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1343:
232:
214:
3393:
844:
494:
480:
828:Stroke merging and character simplification
3650:
3636:
3614:
3384:
1601:
1587:
1350:
1336:
1025:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1357:
1185:"Choe Chi-won, great Tang and Silla poet"
1126:
1042:
674:Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection
666:Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection
1211:China, Japan, Korea: Culture and customs
923:"5 script styles in Chinese Calligraphy"
835:
792:
767:
691:
3722:Languages by writing system /
3309:
198:(left) and semi-cursive script (right).
3897:
1285:– via Google Arts & Culture.
1159:
840:Artwork of the calligrapher Wang Xizhi
824:direction which each stroke is drawn.
813:
3631:
1582:
1331:
1208:
1608:
1182:
1038:
1036:
988:
986:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
917:
915:
913:
911:
886:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
804:simplification of Chinese characters
157:. For the distinction between ,
3657:
16:Style of writing Chinese characters
13:
3729:Ancient languages corpuses by size
1293:
992:
964:
763:
623:distribution of text of the work.
14:
3921:
1309:
1033:
983:
939:
908:
869:
853:
818:
630:(303–361). Wang is known for the
194:"Semi-cursive script" written in
3613:
3091:Literary and colloquial readings
2963:
1315:
188:
28:
1259:
1235:
1202:
969:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
967:Chinese Writing and Calligraphy
653:including semi-cursive script.
405:
384:
360:
337:
316:
149:International Phonetic Alphabet
1561:
1549:
1537:
1531:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1449:
1437:
1377:
1176:
1153:
1120:
1077:
578:
518:
290:
289:
275:
233:
215:
1:
862:
453:
3734:Undeciphered writing systems
3619:List of varieties of Chinese
1160:Hisada, Yukio (2018-03-31).
142: This article contains
7:
3910:Logographic writing systems
3739:Creators of writing systems
1520:Derived from regular script
1243:"Categories of calligraphy"
10:
3926:
3668:Index of language articles
3577:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
1127:Boudonnat, Louise (2003).
1047:. IEEE. pp. 162–167.
808:People's Republic of China
647:
3871:
3820:
3747:
3710:
3674:
3665:
3611:
3495:
3464:
3375:
3300:
3242:
3162:
3137:
3099:
3046:
2972:
2961:
2908:
2860:
2815:
2792:
2737:
2728:
2666:
2585:
2560:
2542:
2519:
2456:
2447:
2410:
2387:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2267:
2227:
2154:
2132:
2104:
2086:
2060:
2037:
1973:
1964:
1941:
1911:
1888:
1812:
1752:
1724:
1701:
1678:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1616:
1510:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1365:
1277:Academy of Korean Studies
1183:Choi, Yearn-hong (2016).
845:Stroke order modification
589:
571:
566:
562:
555:
548:
541:
534:
529:
511:
506:
502:
495:
488:
481:
474:
469:
446:
423:
418:
398:
391:
374:
367:
353:
346:
330:
323:
309:
302:
282:
268:
261:
256:
252:
244:
234:
226:
216:
208:
203:
187:
183:
178:
140:
128:
88:
83:
61:
48:
36:
27:
21:
3724:by first written account
1053:10.1109/icime.2018.00041
731:
687:
656:
606:that emerged during the
430:
210:Traditional Chinese
3692:History of the alphabet
788:
228:Simplified Chinese
145:phonetic transcriptions
841:
798:
773:
697:
1359:Chinese script styles
1302:at chinaculture.org,
839:
796:
777:able to write in the
771:
695:
3905:Chinese script style
1528:Ming / Song
1324:at Wikimedia Commons
1247:swmuseum.suwon.go.kr
513:Revised Romanization
1484:Semi-cursive script
1366:Handwritten scripts
1322:Semi-cursive script
1172:. pp. 170–180.
1086:Monumenta Nipponica
965:Li, Wendan (2010).
814:Writing conventions
604:Chinese calligraphy
596:Semi-cursive script
425:Vietnamese alphabet
179:Semi-cursive script
115:Semi-cursive script
22:Semi-cursive script
3833:Canadian syllabics
3702:Scripts in Unicode
3687:History of writing
3572:Cantonese Bopomofo
3439:Chinese characters
3367:Written Sichuanese
1951:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
1374:Oracle bone script
1209:Brown, Ju (2006).
842:
799:
774:
698:
612:Chinese characters
96:Oracle bone script
3892:
3891:
3884:In Southeast Asia
3625:
3624:
3607:
3606:
3434:
3433:
3352:Written Cantonese
3347:
3346:
3129:Classical grammar
3124:Cantonese grammar
2959:
2958:
2856:
2855:
2662:
2661:
2581:
2580:
2443:
2442:
2150:
2149:
1937:
1936:
1827:Chengdu–Chongqing
1620:Sinitic languages
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1320:Media related to
1166:グローバル日本研究クラスター報告書
1062:978-1-5386-7616-5
1004:978-1-000-69906-7
976:978-0-824-86069-1
901:978-4-805-31204-9
593:
592:
585:
584:
525:
524:
414:
413:
263:Standard Mandarin
174:
173:
3917:
3821:Current examples
3802:Semi-syllabaries
3652:
3645:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3617:
3616:
3589:Taiwanese Hangul
3478:Mainland Chinese
3391:
3390:
3382:
3381:
3307:
3306:
2984:Standard Chinese
2967:
2735:
2734:
2454:
2453:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
1971:
1970:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1610:Chinese language
1603:
1596:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1189:The Korean Times
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:Osaka University
1157:
1151:
1150:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
990:
981:
980:
962:
937:
936:
934:
933:
927:www.columbia.edu
919:
906:
905:
884:
602:, is a style of
598:, also known as
581:
580:
564:
563:
558:
557:
544:
543:
521:
520:
504:
503:
498:
497:
484:
483:
410:
409:
408:
387:
386:
363:
362:
342:
341:
340:
319:
318:
298:
297:
296:
294:
278:
277:
254:
253:
240:
239:
238:
222:
221:
220:
192:
176:
175:
170:
164:
160:
32:
19:
18:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3867:
3816:
3743:
3718:Writing systems
3706:
3670:
3661:
3659:Writing systems
3656:
3626:
3621:
3603:
3540:Tongyong Pinyin
3520:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
3508:Dungan Cyrillic
3491:
3460:
3430:
3371:
3362:Written Hokkien
3343:
3302:
3296:
3272:Middle Mandarin
3238:
3158:
3133:
3095:
3042:
2975:
2968:
2955:
2904:
2852:
2811:
2788:
2724:
2658:
2577:
2556:
2538:
2515:
2439:
2406:
2383:
2327:
2263:
2223:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2146:
2128:
2100:
2082:
2056:
2033:
1960:
1933:
1907:
1884:
1808:
1748:
1720:
1697:
1674:
1623:
1612:
1607:
1577:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1526:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1460:Clerical script
1458:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1312:
1296:
1294:Further reading
1291:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1221:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1177:
1168:. Vol. 1.
1158:
1154:
1139:
1125:
1121:
1098:10.2307/2383576
1082:
1078:
1063:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1017:
1005:
993:Li, Yu (2020).
991:
984:
977:
963:
940:
931:
929:
921:
920:
909:
902:
885:
870:
865:
856:
847:
830:
821:
816:
791:
766:
764:Characteristics
734:
690:
659:
650:
465:
464:
463:
442:
441:
440:
419:Vietnamese name
338:
292:
245:Literal meaning
199:
141:
131:
124:
106:Clerical script
91:
84:Related scripts
51:
44:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3872:Related topics
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Taiwanese kana
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3555:Lessing-Othmer
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Written Dungan
3354:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3313:
3311:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3262:Middle Chinese
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3229:Wubi (Wang Ma)
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2946:Xiangnan Tuhua
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Shaozhou Tuhua
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1844:Renshou–Fushun
1841:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1754:Central Plains
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1523:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1496:Cursive script
1492:
1480:
1472:Regular script
1468:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1394:
1382:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1311:
1310:External links
1308:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1258:
1234:
1219:
1201:
1175:
1152:
1137:
1119:
1076:
1061:
1032:
1003:
982:
975:
938:
907:
900:
867:
866:
864:
861:
855:
854:Text direction
852:
846:
843:
829:
826:
820:
819:Stroke linking
817:
815:
812:
790:
787:
779:regular script
765:
762:
758:Joseon dynasty
733:
730:
726:regular script
689:
686:
658:
655:
649:
646:
620:regular script
600:running script
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
575:
569:
568:
567:Transcriptions
560:
559:
552:
546:
545:
538:
532:
531:
527:
526:
523:
522:
515:
509:
508:
507:Transcriptions
500:
499:
492:
486:
485:
478:
472:
471:
467:
466:
462:
461:
458:
454:
450:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
427:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
402:
400:Middle Chinese
396:
395:
393:Middle Chinese
389:
388:
381:
372:
371:
365:
364:
357:
351:
350:
348:Yue: Cantonese
344:
343:
334:
328:
327:
321:
320:
313:
307:
306:
300:
299:
286:
280:
279:
272:
266:
265:
259:
258:
257:Transcriptions
250:
249:
248:running script
246:
242:
241:
230:
224:
223:
212:
206:
205:
201:
200:
196:regular script
193:
185:
184:
181:
180:
172:
171:
165:⟩, see
138:
137:
135:Regular script
132:
129:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
111:Cursive script
94:
92:
90:Parent systems
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
63:
59:
58:
52:
49:
46:
45:
40:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3922:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:Cyrillization
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3395:Script styles
3392:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2966:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1386:Bronze script
1383:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:1-4196-4893-4
1216:
1212:
1205:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:2-02-059342-4
1134:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
978:
972:
968:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
928:
924:
918:
916:
914:
912:
903:
897:
893:
889:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
868:
860:
851:
838:
834:
825:
811:
809:
805:
795:
786:
782:
780:
770:
761:
759:
755:
751:
750:
745:
741:
740:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
694:
685:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
662:
654:
645:
643:
642:fountain pens
639:
635:
634:
629:
624:
621:
617:
616:cursive style
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
588:
576:
574:
570:
565:
561:
553:
551:
547:
539:
537:
533:
530:Japanese name
528:
516:
514:
510:
505:
501:
493:
491:
487:
479:
477:
473:
468:
459:
456:
455:
451:
449:
445:
436:
433:
432:
428:
426:
422:
417:
403:
401:
397:
394:
390:
382:
380:
377:
373:
370:
366:
358:
356:
352:
349:
345:
335:
333:
329:
326:
322:
314:
312:
308:
305:
301:
287:
285:
281:
273:
271:
267:
264:
260:
255:
251:
247:
243:
237:
231:
229:
225:
219:
213:
211:
207:
202:
197:
191:
186:
182:
177:
168:
156:
152:
150:
146:
139:
136:
133:
130:Child systems
127:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
93:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
53:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
20:
3797:Pictographic
3792:Phonogrammic
3525:Hanyu Pinyin
3515:Romanization
3422:Semi-cursive
3421:
3267:Old Mandarin
3224:Stroke count
3151:
3144:
3066:Old National
2909:Unclassified
1814:Southwestern
1647:Northeastern
1629:Major groups
1618:
1535: /
1483:
1300:Running Hand
1280:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1210:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1178:
1165:
1155:
1128:
1122:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1044:
994:
966:
930:. Retrieved
926:
891:
857:
848:
831:
822:
800:
783:
775:
753:
747:
737:
735:
718:Heian period
701:
699:
681:fountain pen
678:
673:
665:
663:
660:
651:
633:Lantingji Xu
631:
625:
599:
595:
594:
573:Romanization
369:Southern Min
332:Romanization
311:Romanization
270:Hanyu Pinyin
204:Chinese name
161:and ⟨
143:
3812:Syllabaries
3782:Logographic
3777:Ideogrammic
3594:Xiao'erjing
3456:Punctuation
3449:Traditional
3402:Oracle bone
3386:Logographic
3282:Proto-Hakka
3257:Eastern Han
3252:Old Chinese
3114:Classifiers
3081:Northern Wu
3009:Singaporean
2215: [
2203: [
2191: [
2179: [
2167: [
1398:Seal script
888:Satō, Shōzō
608:Han dynasty
470:Korean name
101:Seal script
55:Han dynasty
50:Time period
42:Logographic
37:Script type
3899:Categories
3843:Devanagari
3545:Wade–Giles
3444:Simplified
3339:Vernacular
3332:in Vietnam
3185:Simplified
3172:Biaoxingma
3119:Honorifics
3054:Historical
2999:Philippine
2989:Sichuanese
2916:Badong Yao
2620:Shao–Jiang
2491:Philippine
2299:Xiangxiang
2294:Shuangfeng
2039:Taizhou Wu
1822:Sichuanese
1282:2021-07-30
1272:Jangseogak
1252:2021-07-30
1092:(4): 514.
1013:1114273437
997:. London.
932:2021-08-14
894:. Tuttle.
863:References
722:Edo period
638:Sinosphere
628:Wang Xizhi
407:/ɦˠæŋ.ɕɨʌ/
361:hang4 syu1
70:Vietnamese
57:to present
3879:In Africa
3863:Mongolian
3807:Shorthand
3767:Alphabets
3697:Graphemes
3483:Taiwanese
3473:Cantonese
3317:Classical
3277:Proto-Min
3212:Microsoft
3071:Cantonese
3047:Phonology
3028:Cantonese
3019:Singdarin
3004:Malaysian
2994:Taiwanese
2898:Rongjiang
2888:Yongjiang
2884:Southern
2869:Northern
2843:Luo–Guang
2752:Hong Kong
2747:Guangzhou
2703:Taiwanese
2696:Changting
2630:Zhanjiang
2544:Zhongshan
2511:Malaysian
2506:Singapore
2471:Zhangzhou
2423:Zhongshan
2316:Yong–Quan
2212:Jing-Zhan
2142:Xuancheng
2119:Jiangshan
1998:Changzhou
1919:Junjiahua
1772:Guanzhong
1655:Changchun
1512:Typefaces
1446:Nine-fold
1434:Bird-worm
1229:162136010
1194:13 August
1106:0027-0741
1021:cite book
62:Languages
3772:Featural
3762:Abugidas
3682:Language
3675:Overview
3567:Bopomofo
3496:Phonetic
3488:Two-cell
3417:Clerical
3327:in Japan
3322:Adoption
3310:Official
3301:Literary
3176:Boshiamy
3153:Xiehouyu
3109:Numerals
3086:Mandarin
3014:Standard
2974:Standard
2848:Qin–Lian
2838:Yong–Xun
2823:Gao–Yang
2769:Jiujiang
2757:Malaysia
2691:Tingzhou
2642:Wenchang
2603:Jianyang
2593:Northern
2552:Sanxiang
2466:Quanzhou
2449:Southern
2418:Manjiang
2282:Changsha
2242:Nanchang
2237:Chang–Du
2134:Xuanzhou
2124:Qingtian
2078:Wencheng
2024:Jiangyin
2019:Jinxiang
2009:Shaoxing
2003:Hangzhou
1983:Shanghai
1924:Qinjiang
1832:Minjiang
1804:Xinjiang
1762:Dongping
1726:Jiaoliao
1665:Shenyang
1638:Mandarin
1546:Fangsong
1147:51553636
1071:58012641
890:(2014).
714:katakana
710:hiragana
706:Japanese
519:haengseo
437:chữ hành
434:hành thư
355:Jyutping
317:ghaon sy
284:Bopomofo
159:/ /
155:Help:IPA
74:Japanese
3838:Chinese
3787:Numeral
3466:Braille
3427:Cursive
3377:Scripts
3244:History
3234:ZhengMa
3180:Cangjie
3146:Chengyu
3101:Grammar
3076:Hokkien
3033:Hokkien
2941:Waxiang
2921:Danzhou
2893:Guandao
2878:Younian
2873:Tongdao
2862:Pinghua
2802:Taishan
2718:Raoping
2686:Huizhou
2676:Meixian
2652:Banqiao
2625:Leizhou
2615:Pu–Xian
2610:Central
2598:Jian'ou
2573:Longyan
2521:Teochew
2458:Hokkien
2433:Nanlang
2389:Fu–Ning
2369:Changle
2351:Houguan
2342:Eastern
2289:Loushao
2277:Changyi
2259:Da–Tong
2254:Ying–Yi
2200:Yanzhou
2068:Wenzhou
2061:Oujiang
2052:Tiantai
2047:Taizhou
1956:Zhi–Yan
1903:Nantong
1898:Nanjing
1873:Gui–Liu
1863:Nanping
1858:Kunming
1784:Luoyang
1739:Qingdao
1711:Tianjin
1688:Beijing
1680:Beijing
1114:2383576
806:by the
648:History
448:Hán-Nôm
385:hâng-su
376:Hokkien
339:hang su
276:xíngshū
147:in the
66:Chinese
3848:Hangul
3828:Arabic
3757:Abjads
3535:Postal
3530:MPS II
3407:Bronze
3287:Ba–Shu
3207:Google
3202:Pinyin
3138:Idioms
2951:Yeheni
2833:Wu–Hua
2828:Goulou
2807:Xinhui
2784:Dapeng
2779:Weitou
2764:Xiguan
2739:Yuehai
2708:Sixian
2647:Haikou
2637:Hainan
2568:Zhenan
2534:Haklau
2529:Swatow
2501:Penang
2486:Taiwan
2481:Chawan
2428:Longdu
2397:Ningde
2374:Gutian
2364:Fuqing
2359:Fuzhou
2321:Qiyang
2304:Wugang
2249:Yi–Liu
2176:Xiu-Yi
2164:Ji-She
2114:Quzhou
2106:Chu–Qu
2096:Jinhua
2088:Wuzhou
2073:Rui'an
2014:Ningbo
1988:Suzhou
1878:Wuming
1849:Zigong
1837:Leshan
1799:Lanyin
1794:Dungan
1789:Xuzhou
1767:Gangou
1744:Weihai
1734:Dalian
1693:Taiwan
1660:Harbin
1558:Gothic
1227:
1217:
1145:
1135:
1112:
1104:
1069:
1059:
1011:
1001:
973:
898:
754:hangul
749:hangul
744:Korean
579:gyōsho
476:Hangul
293:
163:
78:Korean
3858:Latin
3749:Types
3711:Lists
3599:Nüshu
3303:forms
3217:Sogou
3164:Input
3038:Hakka
2976:forms
2816:Other
2774:Shiqi
2713:Hailu
2681:Wuhua
2668:Hakka
2586:Other
2561:Other
2496:Pedan
2411:Other
2402:Fu'an
2379:Matsu
2311:Ji–Xu
2269:Xiang
2219:]
2207:]
2195:]
2188:Qi-De
2183:]
2171:]
2029:Shadi
1975:Taihu
1929:Gyami
1912:Other
1868:Wuhan
1777:Xi'an
1716:Jinan
1422:Small
1410:Large
1110:JSTOR
1067:S2CID
739:hanja
732:Korea
702:kanji
688:Japan
657:China
556:ぎょうしょ
536:Kanji
490:Hanja
325:Hakka
151:(IPA)
3853:Kana
3560:Yale
3550:EFEO
3412:Seal
3197:Dayi
2794:Siyi
2476:Amoy
1993:Wuxi
1890:Huai
1703:Jilu
1225:OCLC
1215:ISBN
1196:2021
1143:OCLC
1133:ISBN
1102:ISSN
1057:ISBN
1027:link
1009:OCLC
999:ISBN
971:ISBN
896:ISBN
789:Uses
712:and
550:Kana
291:ㄒㄧㄥˊ
3292:Gan
3192:CKC
3059:Old
2936:She
2926:Mai
2730:Yue
2333:Min
2229:Gan
2156:Hui
2005:(?)
1943:Jin
1670:Taz
1550:仿宋體
1450:九疊篆
1438:鳥蟲篆
1378:甲骨文
1094:doi
1049:doi
742:in
704:in
460:𡨸行
379:POJ
3901::
2217:zh
2205:zh
2193:zh
2181:zh
2169:zh
1966:Wu
1562:黑體
1538:宋體
1532:明體
1500:草書
1488:行書
1476:楷書
1464:隸書
1426:小篆
1414:大篆
1402:篆書
1390:金文
1275:.
1269:.
1245:.
1223:.
1187:.
1164:.
1141:.
1108:.
1100:.
1090:28
1088:.
1065:.
1055:.
1035:^
1023:}}
1019:{{
1007:.
985:^
941:^
925:.
910:^
871:^
810:.
760:.
644:.
542:行書
496:行書
482:행서
457:行書
304:Wu
295:ㄕㄨ
236:行书
218:行書
76:,
72:,
68:,
3651:e
3644:t
3637:v
1602:e
1595:t
1588:v
1351:e
1344:t
1337:v
1255:.
1231:.
1198:.
1149:.
1116:.
1096::
1073:.
1051::
1029:)
1015:.
979:.
935:.
904:.
670:之
169:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
