174:
Bioterrorism Act of 2002, the OIG had received 68 referrals from the CDC for possible Select Agent enforcement and found violations in 30 of those cases. Notices of violation were sent to 5 federal entities, 3 universities, and 2 other private organizations, all unnamed in his testimony. Demske remarked that no federal agencies had been fined for SAP violations.
173:
detects possible SAP misconduct by an HHS worker, it coordinates with the OIG to gather facts. If it concludes that a civil violation might have occurred, it turns the case over to the OIG for possible enforcement. But if it suspects a crime, it pursues the matter with the FBI. Since passage of the
1027:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to designate thirteen "Tier 1" agents with a documented risk of causing a high consequence event higher than other BSATs. Criteria for Tier 1 status were (1) Ability to produce a mass casualty event or devastating effects to the economy; (2)
1150:– The FSAP is composed jointly of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of Select Agents and Toxins and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Agriculture Select Agent Services, and oversees the possession, use and transfer of biological select agents and toxins.
156:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
116:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
1028:
Communicability; (3) Low infectious dose; and (4) History of or current interest in weaponization based on threat reporting. In the same revision
Chapare virus, Lujo virus, and SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were added to the list of select agents.
1808:
1974:
1589:
1334:
1666:
1390:
1324:
1122:
National
Research Council (US) Committee on Laboratory Security and Personnel Reliability Assurance Systems for Laboratories Conducting Research on Biological Select Agents and Toxins. (2009). "Chapter 1. Introduction".
1121:
2142:
2087:
1631:
1798:
1636:
1107:
Criteria for removal from the BSAT list were (1) Low potential for causing mortality; (2) Endemicity in the U.S. (animal agents); and (3) Difficulty in producing quantities necessary for high consequence
1537:
125:
The CDC has regulated the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States under the SAP since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
1651:
1254:
169:), testified that 30 civil violations of the SAP rules had been identified in the past 13 years, and that violators had paid about $ 2.4 million in fines. He explained that when the CDC's
1802:
1468:
2036:
2115:
2081:
1339:
903:
130:
90:
2098:
1291:
2343:
1452:
1747:
1407:
1376:
1859:
1661:
1244:
1462:
887:
1082:
1456:
1446:
462:
and toxins are considered to "have the potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health, to plant health, or to animal and plant products".
1701:
1188:
926:
881:
1055:
893:
2147:
2103:
1306:
149:
109:
1163:
A federal advisory committee that addresses issues related to biosecurity and dual use research at the request of the United States
Government.
2059:
1472:
1229:
326:
51:
808:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to remove 19 BSATs from the list (7 Human and Overlap Agents and 12 Animal Agents).
58:(USDA) to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety". The agents are divided into (1) HHS select agents and
2064:
1814:
1739:
1563:
166:
1577:
1488:
1300:
1283:
1043:
66:
2109:
1583:
370:
62:
affecting humans; (2) USDA select agents and toxins affecting agriculture; and (3) overlap select agents and toxins affecting both.
2222:
1621:
1345:
1197:
1008:
1881:
1482:
1029:
1380:
1249:
1154:
1181:
1969:
1296:
1272:
853:
170:
2236:
1885:
1417:
1442:
1221:
2137:
1781:
1646:
1478:
1264:
836:
296:
2267:
2173:
2003:
1895:
1786:
1174:
971:
761:
69:(CDC) regulates the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States in its
2322:
2217:
1743:
1329:
976:
847:
165:
In July 2015, Gregory E. Demske, chief counsel to the inspector general in the HHS Office of
Inspector General (
1964:
876:
613:
55:
2178:
2042:
1925:
1840:
1573:
1438:
402:
1901:
1234:
817:
422:
407:
17:
1877:
1691:
953:
898:
443:
431:
285:
2232:
500:
134:
94:
1647:
Middle-Atlantic
Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
579:
231:
2199:
1532:
1516:
1316:
796:
1033:
2312:
1889:
1670:
1655:
1626:
704:
478:
302:
1933:
1681:
823:
785:
732:
682:
657:
243:
2307:
2302:
2188:
2092:
2069:
1422:
915:
740:
258:
251:
2353:
2183:
1851:
1834:
1758:
1166:
931:
830:
471:
332:
138:
98:
8:
663:
639:
567:
553:
356:
350:
219:
145:
105:
2282:
2194:
945:
747:
688:
538:
513:
2277:
1998:
1869:
1763:
1696:
1069:
773:
711:
607:
381:
212:
31:
2272:
2227:
1640:
1038:
966:
871:
693:
546:
459:
2143:
Global
Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
2348:
2287:
2030:
1993:
1773:
1753:
669:
345:
265:
126:
86:
1056:"U.S. government names SARS a select agent, restricting labs that work on virus"
1042:/ Vol. 77, No. 194 / Friday, October 5, 2012 / Rules and Regulations, pg 61084.
2257:
1985:
1124:
909:
1072:
virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments.
996:
Additional
Requirements for Facilities Transferring or Receiving Select Agents
2337:
866:
560:
417:
391:
339:
131:
Public Health
Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
91:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
1034:“Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Biennial Review”
2297:
2292:
1384:
842:
597:
505:
153:
113:
1622:
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
2075:
1959:
1943:
1825:
1706:
676:
602:
427:
375:
204:
2262:
698:
386:
199:
518:
495:
485:
85:)—since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
47:
1938:
1792:
1238:
2037:
Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
144:
Using select agents in biomedical research prompts concerns about
2116:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
2082:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
1340:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
1068:
This refers to reconstructed, replication-competent forms of the
437:
2099:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
1391:
Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
1141:
1292:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
1013:
1554:
National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
1412:
1126:
Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins
490:
466:
59:
1196:
998:, Title 42 CFR Part 72 and Appendix A; 15 April 1997 (DHHS).
1975:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
1590:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
1567:
1557:
1553:
1408:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1335:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
1377:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
104:
Using BSATs in biomedical research prompts concerns about
1155:"National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB)"
647:
small colony (Mmm SC) (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia)
1860:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
1662:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
1245:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
305:-complex viruses (3 subtypes, excluding European ones)
1667:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
1463:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
2344:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
526:
934:virus (exotic): Indiana subtypes VSV-IN2, VSV-IN3
754:
27:Controlled biological agents in the United States
2335:
2088:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
1009:"CDC: DoD anthrax errors involved 575 shipments'
620:
2148:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
2104:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
1740:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
1307:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
803:
187:
150:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
110:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
1632:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
1237:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
423:Guanarito virus (Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever)
308:Central European tick-borne encephalitis virus
183:Tier 1 BSATs are indicated by an asterisk (*).
50:which (since 1997) have been declared by the
2060:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
1799:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
1182:
818:Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus)
616:virus (excluding enzootic subtypes ID and IE)
1637:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
1230:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
327:Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 virus
314:Russian spring and summer encephalitis virus
52:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2065:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
1564:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
811:
1489:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
1189:
1175:
1129:. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
67:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2110:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
1584:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
1538:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
1413:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1325:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
444:Sabiá virus (Brazilian hemorrhagic fever)
311:Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus
2223:United States biological weapons program
1346:National Center for Medical Intelligence
1198:United States biological defense program
177:
133:, which were enacted in the wake of the
93:, which were enacted in the wake of the
1882:National Strategy for Homeland Security
1030:Department of Health and Human Services
364:Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) viruses:
14:
2336:
1381:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
1250:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
1652:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
1170:
1087:CDC/USDA Federal Select Agent Program
371:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
148:. The federal government created the
108:. The federal government created the
1970:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
1297:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1275:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
1273:National Counterproliferation Center
1255:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
923:(contagious caprine pleuropneumonia)
854:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
299:(excluding South American genotypes)
171:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1418:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
24:
1803:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
1469:Homeland Security Research Program
1115:
36:Biological select agents or toxins
25:
2365:
2138:Global Health Security Initiative
1782:National Biosurveillance Strategy
1479:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
1134:
837:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
297:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
2268:Biosecurity in the United States
2174:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
2004:Positive pressure personnel suit
1896:National Disaster Medical System
972:Biosecurity in the United States
906:(Alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1)
860:
762:Peronosclerospora philippinensis
694:Peste des petits ruminants virus
527:Overlap select agents and toxins
2323:Smallpox virus retention debate
2218:United States Army Medical Unit
1744:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1330:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1083:"Select Agents and Toxins List"
977:U.S. biological defense program
938:
904:Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus
848:Tick-borne encephalitis viruses
1101:
1075:
1062:
1048:
1021:
1001:
989:
877:Bovine spongiform encephalitis
755:Fungi or fungus-like pathogens
625:
614:Venezuelan equine encephalitis
112:which promotes biosecurity in
56:U.S. Department of Agriculture
13:
1:
2179:1989 California medfly attack
2043:Biological Weapons Convention
1841:Personnel Reliability Program
1574:Epidemic Intelligence Service
1439:Galveston National Laboratory
982:
856:, enzootic subtypes ID and IE
725:
718:
632:
621:USDA select agents and toxins
531:
403:Kyasanur Forest disease virus
160:
120:
1902:Strategic National Stockpile
1453:Integrated Research Facility
1235:DHS Office of Health Affairs
1146:Federal Select Agent Program
804:List of former select agents
651:
591:
440:(Bolivian hemorrhagic fever)
414:South American VHF viruses:
408:Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
188:HHS select agents and toxins
79:Federal Select Agent Program
7:
1965:Biological Materials MASINT
1878:National Response Framework
1787:Laboratory Response Network
1748:Biological Threat Reduction
1692:Battelle Memorial Institute
960:
954:citrus variegated chlorosis
899:Japanese encephalitis virus
501:Staphylococcal enterotoxins
432:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
286:SARS-associated coronavirus
192:
10:
2370:
2233:Aeromedical Isolation Team
1044:Government Printing Office
839:, South American genotypes
767:Peronosclerospora sacchari
276:
152:to promote biosecurity in
135:September 11, 2001 attacks
95:September 11, 2001 attacks
2250:
2208:
2164:
2157:
2128:
2052:
2023:
2016:
1984:
1952:
1924:
1915:
1868:
1850:
1824:
1772:
1732:
1723:
1680:
1612:
1603:
1546:
1525:
1509:
1502:
1431:
1400:
1367:
1358:
1315:
1282:
1263:
1220:
1211:
1204:
672:virus (highly pathogenic)
580:Burkholderia pseudomallei
510:2 Type A trichothecenes:
453:
232:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1805:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
1533:State Health Departments
1517:Local Health Departments
1159:Office of Science Policy
812:Human and overlap agents
797:Synchytrium endobioticum
689:Lumpy skin disease virus
585:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
237:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
2313:Isolation (health care)
2283:Biological warfare (BW)
1656:University of Rochester
1627:Henry L. Stimson Center
705:Swine vesicular disease
479:Clostridium perfringens
458:As of April 2021 these
303:Tick-borne encephalitis
824:Coccidioides posadasii
786:Sclerophthora rayssiae
733:Ralstonia solanacearum
683:Foot-and-mouth disease
658:African horse sickness
293:Encephalitis viruses:
244:Francisella tularensis
202:-producing species of
2308:Entomological warfare
2209:Defunct organizations
2189:Wood Green ricin plot
2093:Project Bioshield Act
2070:Executive Order 13139
1423:Dugway Proving Ground
1007:Roos, Robert (2015),
916:Mycoplasma capricolum
779:Pyrenochaeta glycines
741:Rathayibacter toxicus
472:Botulinum neurotoxins
367:African VHF viruses:
259:Rickettsia rickettsii
252:Rickettsia prowazekii
178:List of select agents
2184:2001 anthrax attacks
1852:Medical intelligence
1835:Select Agent Program
1759:Project Clear Vision
932:Vesicular stomatitis
888:Erlichia ruminantium
831:Coccidioides immitis
333:1918 influenza virus
139:2001 anthrax attacks
99:2001 anthrax attacks
71:Select Agent Program
850:, European subtypes
664:African swine fever
640:Mycoplasma mycoides
568:Burkholderia mallei
554:Brucella melitensis
399:Asian VHF viruses:
357:Variola minor virus
351:Variola major virus
220:Burkholderia mallei
137:and the subsequent
97:and the subsequent
2200:2013 ricin letters
2195:2003 ricin letters
1742:, implemented the
1671:George Mason Univ.
946:Xylella fastidiosa
748:Xanthomonas oryzae
573:Pseudomonas mallei
539:Bacillus anthracis
514:Diacetoxyscirpenol
353:* (smallpox virus)
322:Influenza viruses:
272:Bacillus anthrasis
225:Pseudomonas mallei
77:)—also called the
2331:
2330:
2278:Biological hazard
2246:
2245:
2124:
2123:
2012:
2011:
1999:Biosafety cabinet
1911:
1910:
1870:Disaster response
1764:Project Jefferson
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1697:SRI International
1599:
1598:
1498:
1497:
1354:
1353:
1070:1918 flu pandemic
774:Phoma glycinicola
712:Newcastle disease
608:Rift Valley fever
460:biological agents
382:Lassa fever virus
213:Coxiella burnetii
32:United States law
16:(Redirected from
2361:
2273:Biological agent
2228:Sunshine Project
2162:
2161:
2021:
2020:
1922:
1921:
1884:(DHS; including
1733:Threat reduction
1730:
1729:
1702:Idaho Technology
1641:Brown University
1613:Academic centers
1610:
1609:
1507:
1506:
1365:
1364:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1149:
1130:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1079:
1073:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:Federal Register
1025:
1019:
1018:(18 July issue).
1005:
999:
993:
967:Biological agent
872:Bluetongue virus
736:race 3, biovar 2
547:Brucella abortus
129:of 2001 and the
89:of 2001 and the
54:(HHS) or by the
21:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2303:Decontamination
2288:Biosurveillance
2242:
2210:
2204:
2166:
2165:Past biological
2153:
2130:
2120:
2048:
2031:Geneva Protocol
2008:
1994:Biosafety level
1980:
1948:
1917:
1907:
1864:
1846:
1820:
1774:Biosurveillance
1768:
1754:Project Bacchus
1725:
1711:
1683:
1676:
1615:and think tanks
1614:
1605:
1595:
1542:
1521:
1494:
1427:
1396:
1369:
1360:
1350:
1311:
1278:
1259:
1213:
1200:
1195:
1161:. 7 April 2020.
1153:
1140:
1137:
1118:
1116:Further reading
1113:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1089:. 26 April 2021
1081:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1026:
1022:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
963:
941:
927:Sheep Pox virus
921:capripneumoniae
882:Camel Pox virus
863:
814:
806:
757:
728:
723:
670:Avian influenza
654:
635:
630:
623:
594:
534:
529:
456:
346:Monkeypox virus
340:Orthopoxviruses
279:
266:Yersinia pestis
195:
190:
180:
163:
127:USA PATRIOT Act
123:
87:USA PATRIOT Act
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2367:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Agro-terrorism
2254:
2252:
2251:Related topics
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2131:representation
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2096:
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2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
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2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:Biocontainment
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
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1398:
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1371:
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1327:
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1304:
1294:
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482:epsilon toxin
481:
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465:
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433:
429:
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418:Chapare virus
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45:
44:select agents
42:s)—or simply
41:
37:
33:
19:
2318:Select agent
2317:
2298:CBRN defense
2293:Bioterrorism
2211:and programs
2033:(1925, 1975)
1726:and projects
1606:governmental
1385:Fort Detrick
1370:departmental
1158:
1145:
1125:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1077:
1064:
1050:
1037:
1023:
1012:
1003:
995:
991:
949:
944:
939:Plant agents
920:
914:
886:
843:Flexal virus
829:
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790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
746:
739:
731:
719:
644:
638:
626:
598:Hendra virus
584:
583:* (formerly
578:
572:
571:* (formerly
566:
559:
552:
545:
537:
506:Tetrodotoxin
477:
457:
359:* (Alastrim)
321:
264:
257:
250:
242:
236:
235:* (formerly
230:
224:
223:* (formerly
218:
211:
203:
164:
154:life science
143:
124:
114:life science
103:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
43:
39:
35:
29:
18:Select Agent
2354:Biosecurity
2076:Patriot Act
2053:Legislation
1960:Cell CANARY
1944:Respirators
1826:Biosecurity
1707:Phoenix Air
1684:contractors
919:subspecies
677:swine fever
643:subspecies
627:For animals
603:Nipah virus
428:Junin virus
376:Ebola virus
205:Clostridium
2338:Categories
2263:Biodefense
1926:Protection
1916:Technology
1904:(CDC, DHS)
1828:/Biosurety
1817:(Civilian)
1795:(EPA, CDC)
1750:(DoD) plus
1682:Government
1393:(DHHS/DoD)
1342:(JPEO-CBD)
983:References
777:(formerly
720:For plants
699:Rinderpest
675:Classical
486:Conotoxins
387:Lujo virus
288:(SARS-CoV)
200:neurotoxin
198:Botulinum
161:Violations
121:Regulation
48:bio-agents
2167:incidents
1953:Detection
710:Virulent
519:T-2 toxin
496:Saxitoxin
65:The U.S.
2024:Treaties
1977:(JBAIDS)
1939:NBC suit
1801:(GBTI),
1793:BioWatch
1724:Programs
1669:(NCBID;
1503:Response
1432:Civilian
1401:Military
1361:research
1239:BioWatch
1093:27 April
1032:(2012),
961:See also
726:Bacteria
645:mycoides
633:Bacteria
532:Bacteria
193:Bacteria
146:dual use
106:dual use
2158:History
1880:of the
1809:ESSENCE
1547:Federal
1359:Federal
1212:Federal
956:strain)
714:virus 1
652:Viruses
592:Viruses
438:Machupo
277:Viruses
2349:Toxins
2191:(2002)
2150:(2004)
2112:(2006)
2106:(2005)
2095:(2004)
2084:(2002)
2078:(2001)
2072:(1999)
2045:(1972)
2039:(1969)
1898:(DHHS)
1560:, HHS)
1491:(USDA)
1368:Trans-
1142:"Home"
1108:event.
1014:CIDRAP
701:virus*
685:virus*
454:Toxins
60:toxins
30:Under
1843:(DoD)
1837:(CDC)
1811:(DoD)
1789:(CDC)
1592:(CDC)
1586:(CDC)
1526:State
1510:Local
1475:/DHS)
1465:(HHS)
1457:NIAID
1455:(HHS/
1447:NIAID
950:pauca
707:virus
679:virus
666:virus
660:virus
610:virus
491:Ricin
467:Abrin
1934:MOPP
1888:and
1886:NIMS
1815:RODS
1746:and
1604:Non-
1568:USMC
1558:NDMS
1483:USDA
1443:UTMB
1284:DHHS
1095:2021
1016:News
791:zeae
789:var
83:FSAP
40:BSAT
2237:DoD
2017:Law
1890:ICS
1578:CDC
1473:EPA
1317:DoD
1301:CDC
1265:DNI
1222:DHS
167:OIG
75:SAP
2340::
1383:,
1157:.
1144:.
1085:.
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342::
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101:.
34:,
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1445:/
1441:(
1387:)
1379:(
1303:)
1299:(
1241:)
1190:e
1183:t
1176:v
1148:.
1097:.
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952:(
781:)
769:)
765:(
587:)
575:)
542:*
474:*
434:)
430:(
394:*
378:*
269:*
247:*
239:)
227:)
208:*
81:(
73:(
38:(
20:)
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