139:
25:
407:
is reduced, being about 1Mb in size and encoding 834 proteins. Some strains encode 866 proteins. They do not encode all the proteins required to live on their own. Missing activities have to be provided by its host, a eukaryotic cell. For this reason,
659:
564:
Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly A.; Ge, Hong; Butani, Amy; Osborne, Brian; Verratti, Kathleen; Mokashi, Vishwesh; Nagarajan, Niranjan; Pop, Mihai; Read, Timothy D. (2013-06-27).
366:, who had died from typhus in 1915. Both Prowazek and Rocha Lima had been infected with typhus while studying its causative agent in a prisoner-of-war camp hospital in
2320:
632:
652:
483:; Zomorodipour, Alireza; Andersson, Jan O.; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Alsmark, U. Cecilia M.; Podowski, Raf M.; NÀslund, A. Kristina; et al. (1998).
2294:
645:
215:
2333:
566:"Genome Sequencing of Four Strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, the Causative Agent of Epidemic Typhus, Including One Flying Squirrel Isolate"
89:
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61:
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42:
1825:
68:
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1220:
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75:
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623:
108:
1465:
57:
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1470:
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1043:
637:
46:
2133:
859:
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were developed in the 1940s, and were highly effective in reducing typhus deaths among U.S. soldiers during
2029:
1353:
789:
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1300:
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1769:
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1005:
747:
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1965:
1868:
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1153:
972:
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82:
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2009:
1951:
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873:
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35:
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1985:
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1145:
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2002:
1991:
1789:
1419:
1245:
1216:
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783:
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2123:
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1159:
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8:
2141:
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1443:
1386:
1339:
1274:
1122:
1114:
1108:
825:
811:
680:
480:
362:, a Brazilian doctor, discovered this bacterium in 1916. He named it after his colleague
271:
170:
500:
2129:
2040:
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867:
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133:
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1410:
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2020:
1811:
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1645:
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1077:
1059:
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412:
has sometimes been regarded as a model for the intracellular bacterial ancestor of
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2055:
1976:
1930:
1835:
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1103:
957:
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704:
689:
581:
549:
485:"The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria"
445:
413:
376:
343:
295:, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for
180:
338:
that exists in the feces of arthropods remains stably infective for months.
2147:
1921:
1128:
1068:
1015:
1000:
945:
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320:
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2227:
1721:
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1627:
1331:
1083:
388:
312:
629:
NIAID Biodefense
Research Agenda for Category B and C Priority Pathogens
2286:
1095:
448:
infection, which can reactivate after years or decades (referred to as
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384:
316:
200:
2268:
1909:
1761:
1429:
1370:
1251:
475:
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2189:
436:
following recovery from infection with, or by immunization against,
24:
2273:
2212:
1345:
288:
150:
509:
484:
1936:
1882:
1236:
1201:
371:
367:
2260:
714:
387:; gram-negative bacteria in general are more resistant to many
315:; the natural life cycle of the bacterium generally involves a
374:. This bacterium lacks flagella and is aerobic. It is classed
342:
also appears to be the closest semi-free-living relative of
563:
633:
National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2366:
2113:
653:
660:
646:
589:
508:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2367:
2194:
2193:
1826:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
641:
380:because its cell walls do not retain
1211:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
559:
557:
471:
469:
440:is lifelong in most cases. However,
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
456:antibiotics is usually successful.
13:
673:Gram-negative bacterial infections
14:
2401:
1030:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
624:Virginia Bioinformatics Institute
610:
554:
466:
307:is often surrounded by a protein
1246:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
1221:WaterhouseâFriderichsen syndrome
137:
23:
1012:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
291:that is the etiologic agent of
34:needs additional citations for
1044:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
542:
525:
346:, based on genome sequencing.
1:
860:Flinders Island spotted fever
459:
2030:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
1354:Burkholderia cepacia complex
790:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
419:
354:
7:
1691:Far East scarlet-like fever
1685:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1301:Chromobacteriosis infection
10:
2406:
2390:Bacteria described in 1916
349:
2202:
2104:
2066:
2039:
2019:
1975:
1920:
1893:
1848:
1822:
1786:
1718:
1709:
1601:
1566:
1557:
1514:
1491:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
1409:
1394:
1385:
1326:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1315:
1295:Chromobacterium violaceum
1262:
1235:
1225:Meningococcal septicaemia
1200:
1191:
1182:
1094:
1067:
1058:
1006:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
991:
956:
915:
773:
762:
713:
697:
688:
679:
398:
244:
237:
134:Scientific classification
132:
125:
1966:Plesiomonas shigelloides
1748:Brazilian purpuric fever
1365:Bordetella parapertussis
1154:Bartonella bacilliformis
973:Flea-borne spotted fever
903:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
896:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
888:American tick bite fever
582:10.1128/genomeA.00399-13
2134:GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome
2050:Cardiobacterium hominis
2010:Acinetobacter baumannii
1952:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
1671:Yersinia enterocolitica
1438:Klebsiella granulomatis
874:African tick bite fever
832:North Asian tick typhus
364:Stanislaus von Prowazek
279:intracellular parasitic
58:"Rickettsia prowazekii"
1986:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1904:Francisella tularensis
1863:Legionella longbeachae
1859:Legionella pneumophila
1501:Enterobacter aerogenes
1146:Bacillary angiomatosis
940:Orientia tsutsugamushi
846:Queensland tick typhus
818:Japanese spotted fever
752:Flying squirrel typhus
533:Henrique da Rocha Lima
360:Henrique da Rocha Lima
2326:rickettsia-prowazekii
2234:Rickettsia prowazekii
2204:Rickettsia prowazekii
2003:Moraxella catarrhalis
1869:Legionnaires' disease
1790:Pasteurella multocida
1420:Klebsiella pneumoniae
1217:Meningococcal disease
1024:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
784:Rickettsia rickettsii
748:BrillâZinsser disease
738:Rickettsia prowazekii
618:Rickettsia prowazekii
450:Brill-Zinsser disease
263:Rickettsia prowazekii
248:Rickettsia prowazekii
127:Rickettsia prowazekii
2164:Helicobacter cinaedi
2124:Campylobacter jejuni
2077:Aeromonas hydrophila
1959:Vibrio alginolyticus
1610:Shigella dysenteriae
1548:Citrobacter freundii
1505:Enterobacter cloacae
1361:Bordetella pertussis
840:Rickettsia australis
570:Genome Announcements
481:Andersson, Siv G. E.
43:improve this article
16:Species of bacterium
2142:Helicobacter pylori
1632:Bacillary dysentery
1577:Salmonella enterica
1525:Serratia marcescens
1444:Granuloma inguinale
1340:Burkholderia mallei
1275:Eikenella corrodens
1123:Bartonella quintana
1115:Cat-scratch disease
1109:Bartonella henselae
826:Rickettsia sibirica
812:Rickettsia japonica
501:1998Natur.396..133A
477:Kurland, Charles G.
272:alphaproteobacteria
254:da Rocha-Lima, 1916
171:Alphaproteobacteria
2130:Campylobacteriosis
2041:Cardiobacteriaceae
1542:Citrobacter koseri
1452:Klebsiella oxytoca
882:Rickettsia parkeri
868:Rickettsia africae
798:Rickettsia conorii
452:). Treatment with
230:R. prowazekii
2362:
2361:
2347:Open Tree of Life
2196:Taxon identifiers
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2115:Campylobacterales
2100:
2099:
2081:Aeromonas veronii
1945:Vibrio vulnificus
1877:Coxiella burnetii
1844:
1843:
1770:H. parainfluenzae
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1640:Proteus mirabilis
1587:Paratyphoid fever
1476:Enterohemorrhagic
1396:Enterobacteriales
1381:
1380:
1311:
1310:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1160:Carrion's disease
1054:
1053:
1038:Ehrlichia ewingii
987:
986:
983:
982:
804:Boutonneuse fever
424:Vaccines against
259:
258:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2397:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2289:
2277:
2276:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2191:
2190:
2111:
2110:
2021:Xanthomonadaceae
1829:
1812:Actinobacillosis
1793:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1646:Proteus vulgaris
1564:
1563:
1461:Escherichia coli
1407:
1406:
1392:
1391:
1267:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1078:Brucella abortus
1065:
1064:
1060:Hyphomicrobiales
967:Rickettsia felis
926:Rickettsia akari
854:Rickettsia honei
771:
770:
724:Rickettsia typhi
711:
710:
695:
694:
686:
685:
662:
655:
648:
639:
638:
604:
603:
593:
561:
552:
546:
540:
529:
523:
522:
512:
495:(6707): 133â40.
473:
444:can establish a
332:human body louse
330:, typically the
266:is a species of
250:
142:
141:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2385:Epidemic typhus
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2298:
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2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2198:
2188:
2179:
2096:
2062:
2035:
2015:
1977:Pseudomonadales
1971:
1931:Vibrio cholerae
1916:
1889:
1840:
1823:
1818:
1787:
1782:
1719:
1697:
1653:Yersinia pestis
1597:
1553:
1510:
1466:Enterotoxigenic
1398:
1377:
1317:Burkholderiales
1307:
1281:Kingella kingae
1263:
1258:
1231:
1170:
1164:Verruga peruana
1090:
1050:
993:Anaplasmataceae
979:
952:
911:
765:
758:
744:Epidemic typhus
702:
675:
666:
613:
608:
607:
562:
555:
547:
543:
530:
526:
474:
467:
462:
422:
401:
357:
352:
301:flying squirrel
293:epidemic typhus
255:
252:
246:
233:
136:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2403:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:Rickettsiaceae
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2278:
2265:
2252:
2239:
2224:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2156:Gastric cancer
2138:
2137:
2136:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
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2045:
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2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1981:
1979:
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1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
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1939:
1926:
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1917:
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1914:
1913:
1912:
1899:
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1890:
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1886:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1806:Actinobacillus
1802:
1800:Pasteurellosis
1796:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1729:
1727:
1713:
1711:Pasteurellales
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1663:Bubonic plague
1649:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Enteroinvasive
1468:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1100:
1098:
1096:Bartonellaceae
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1020:
1019:
1018:
997:
995:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
978:
977:
976:
975:
962:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
949:
948:
936:
935:
934:
932:Rickettsialpox
921:
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
907:
892:
891:
890:
878:
877:
876:
864:
863:
862:
850:
849:
848:
836:
835:
834:
822:
821:
820:
808:
807:
806:
794:
793:
792:
779:
777:
768:
760:
759:
757:
756:
755:
754:
734:
733:
732:
719:
717:
708:
699:Rickettsiaceae
692:
683:
677:
676:
669:Pseudomonadota
665:
664:
657:
650:
642:
636:
635:
626:
620:Taxon Overview
612:
611:External links
609:
606:
605:
553:
541:
524:
464:
463:
461:
458:
421:
418:
403:The genome of
400:
397:
382:crystal violet
356:
353:
351:
348:
257:
256:
253:
242:
241:
235:
234:
227:
225:
221:
220:
213:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
191:Rickettsiaceae
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
161:Pseudomonadota
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2402:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:MALT lymphoma
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:Aeromonadales
2065:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1895:Thiotrichales
1892:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1850:Legionellales
1847:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1810:
1809:
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1758:
1757:
1753:
1749:
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1735:
1734:H. influenzae
1731:
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1708:
1692:
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1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1591:Salmonellosis
1588:
1584:
1583:Typhoid fever
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
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1449:
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1435:
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1427:
1426:Rhinoscleroma
1424:
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1213:
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1199:
1196:
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1190:
1187:
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1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:Bartonellosis
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
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1007:
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974:
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968:
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933:
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769:
767:
761:
753:
749:
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742:
741:
740:
739:
735:
731:
730:Murine typhus
728:
727:
726:
725:
721:
720:
718:
716:
712:
709:
706:
705:Rickettsioses
700:
696:
693:
691:
690:Rickettsiales
687:
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614:
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597:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
558:
551:
550:gram-negative
545:
539:
538:Who Named It?
535:
534:
528:
520:
516:
511:
510:10.1038/24094
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
472:
470:
465:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:R. prowazekii
439:
438:R. prowazekii
435:
431:
427:
426:R. prowazekii
417:
415:
411:
410:R. prowazekii
406:
405:R. prowazekii
396:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
378:
377:gram-negative
373:
369:
365:
361:
347:
345:
341:
340:R. prowazekii
337:
336:R. prowazekii
333:
329:
326:, usually an
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:microcapsular
306:
305:R. prowazekii
302:
298:
297:R. prowazekii
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
277:
273:
269:
268:gram-negative
265:
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243:
240:
239:Binomial name
236:
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210:Species group
208:
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186:
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182:
181:Rickettsiales
179:
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140:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2203:
2171:Helicobacter
2170:
2162:
2148:Peptic ulcer
2140:
2122:
2087:
2075:
2048:
2028:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1984:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1929:
1922:Vibrionaceae
1902:
1875:
1857:
1824:
1804:
1788:
1768:
1754:
1740:
1732:
1720:
1683:
1669:
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1644:
1638:
1608:
1575:
1546:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1499:
1459:
1450:
1436:
1418:
1359:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1293:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1244:
1209:
1193:Neisseriales
1152:
1140:
1136:
1129:Trench fever
1121:
1107:
1076:
1069:Brucellaceae
1036:
1022:
1016:Anaplasmosis
1004:
1001:Ehrlichiosis
965:
946:Scrub typhus
938:
924:
902:
894:
880:
866:
852:
838:
824:
810:
796:
782:
737:
736:
722:
671:-associated
631:from the US
617:
573:
569:
544:
531:
527:
492:
488:
454:tetracycline
441:
437:
430:World War II
425:
423:
414:mitochondria
409:
404:
402:
375:
358:
344:mitochondria
339:
335:
334:. A form of
321:invertebrate
304:
296:
262:
261:
260:
247:
245:
229:
228:
217:Typhus group
216:
209:
201:
126:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2228:Wikispecies
1993:Pseudomonas
1741:Haemophilus
1722:Haemophilus
1677:Yersiniosis
1628:Shigellosis
1332:Melioidosis
1141:B. quintana
1137:B. henselae
1084:Brucellosis
389:antibiotics
313:slime layer
2369:Categories
2173:cellulitis
1756:H. ducreyi
1743:meningitis
1265:ungrouped:
958:Flea-borne
917:Mite-borne
775:Tick-borne
460:References
393:penicillin
385:Gram stain
317:vertebrate
311:layer and
202:Rickettsia
99:March 2015
69:newspapers
2090:infection
2088:Aeromonas
1995:infection
1910:Tularemia
1762:Chancroid
1534:infection
1516:Slow/weak
1430:Pneumonia
1371:Pertussis
1252:Gonorrhea
905:infection
420:Treatment
355:Discovery
328:arthropod
224:Species:
2380:Zoonoses
2300:10033404
2213:Wikidata
1618:flexneri
1532:Serratia
1346:Glanders
600:23814035
434:Immunity
391:such as
289:bacteria
286:bacillus
276:obligate
187:Family:
157:Phylum:
151:Bacteria
147:Domain:
2287:3221493
2219:Q952862
1937:Cholera
1883:Q fever
1486:O104:H4
1481:O157:H7
1135:Either
764:Spotted
591:3695431
519:9823893
497:Bibcode
372:Germany
368:Cottbus
350:History
319:and an
299:is the
283:aerobic
197:Genus:
177:Order:
167:Class:
83:scholar
2352:320599
2313:965658
2274:RICKPR
2261:976584
1659:Plague
1622:boydii
1614:sonnei
715:Typhus
598:
588:
517:
489:Nature
446:latent
399:Genome
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2295:IRMNG
2248:4T2DM
2056:HACEK
1836:HACEK
1776:HACEK
1287:HACEK
766:fever
576:(3).
90:JSTOR
76:books
2334:NCBI
2321:LPSN
2308:ITIS
2282:GBIF
2269:EPPO
1602:H2Sâ
1568:H2S+
1559:Lacâ
1411:Lac+
596:PMID
548:see
515:PMID
324:host
62:news
2339:782
2256:EoL
2243:CoL
1401:OXâ
1139:or
622:at
586:PMC
578:doi
536:at
505:doi
493:396
45:by
2371::
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594:.
584:.
572:.
568:.
556:^
513:.
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468:^
432:.
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39:.
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