87:
31:
95:
1016:
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3019:
862:
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1093:
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286:
cocci are a large group of bacteria with similar morphology. All are spherical or nearly so, but they vary considerably in size. Members of some genera are identifiable by the way cells are attached to one another: in pockets, in chains, or grape-like clusters. These arrangements reflect patterns of
134:
or nearly spherical. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria, and can contain multiple genera, such as staphylococci or streptococci. Cocci can grow in pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on their orientation and attachment during cell division. In contrast to many bacilli-shaped bacteria, most
592:. This genus is divided into 58 species and two subspecies. These gram-positive, coccoid bacteria were once thought to be harmless to the human body. However, within the last ten years, there has been an influx of nosocomial pathogens originating from
650:. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus. Bacilliform bacteria are also often simply called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear.
325:
spp. also inhabit human skin, but they are facultative anaerobes. They ferment sugars, producing lactic acid as an end product. Many of these species produce carotenoid pigments, which color their colonies yellow or orange.
996:
are known to evolve specific traits to survive in their ideal environment. Bacteria-caused illnesses hinge on the bacteria’s physiology and their ability to interact with their environment, including the ability to
989:
are another major bacterial cell morphology. Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.
60:
Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example
577:
has around 129 species and 23 subspecies that benefit many microbiomes on the human body. There are many species that show non-pathogenic characteristics; however, there are some, like
1885:
205:
Coccoid bacteria often occur in characteristic arrangements and these forms have specific names as well; listed here are the basic forms as well as representative bacterial
646:, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus
1814:
332:
is a major human pathogen. It can infect almost any tissue in the body, frequently the skin. It often causes nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections.
429:
1859:
538:
391:, is divided into more than ten different species, but most of them are gram negative and coccoid. The gram-negative, coccoid species include:
1840:
978:, another medically important Gram-negative coccobacillus, is observed in sexually transmitted disease, chancroid, of Third World countries.
1007:
to morph into a corkscrew shape that likely helps it twist into — and then escape — the protective mucus that lines the inside of the gut.
1949:
1889:
890:(spherical bacteria) and bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria). Coccobacilli, then, are very short rods which may be mistaken for cocci. The word
291:
cells, for example, are arranged in cubical pockets because cell division alternates regularly among the three perpendicular planes.
66:), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus
2226:
693:
Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades.
653:
Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades.
3470:
2081:
1978:
1924:
1541:
1259:
924:
2958:
1416:
3169:
2725:
2465:
2313:
Humphrey, Peter A.; Dehner, Louis P.; Pfeifer, John D., eds. (2008). "Chapter 53: Histology and histochemical stains".
2236:
1214:
1242:
Cole JR (January 1990). "Diagnostic
Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology". In Carter GR, Cole JR (eds.).
297:
spp. resemble a string of beads because division always occurs in the same plane. Some of these strings, for example,
3065:
2322:
2155:
2004:"Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii: structure and morphogenesis of vegetative and sporogenic differentiations"
1660:
1488:
1459:
1393:
1360:
1335:
1710:
2340:"Helical and rod-shaped bacteria swim in helical trajectories with little additional propulsion from helical shape"
871:
17:
2642:
2070:
Schaechter, Moselio; DiRita, Victor J.; Dermody, Terence (2007). Schaechter, Moselio; Engleberg, N. Cary (eds.).
1114:(plural spirochetes) is a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via internal periplasmic
1122:. Owing to their morphological properties, spirochetes are difficult to Gram-stain but may be visualized using
3283:
2839:
2570:
3546:
3240:
1818:
1384:
Levinson, Warren; Joyce, Elizabeth A.; Nussbaum, Jesse; Schwartz, Brian S.; Chin-Hong, Peter (10 May 2018).
3482:
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1428:
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526:
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2834:
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1903:
Harry E, Monahan L, Thompson L (2006). "Bacterial cell division: the mechanism and its precision".
1127:
544:
369:
298:
1844:
1494:
550:
405:
380:
174:
2052:
1032:(plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is gram-negative and frequently has external
3487:
3392:
2910:
2829:
2808:
2458:
906:
765:
710:
417:
226:
1531:
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1950:"Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli of Medical Significance; List of Bacteria and Diseases"
1123:
918:
912:
399:
363:
328:
240:
1205:. A helical shape is seen to be better suited for movement of bacteria in a viscous medium.
3435:
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35:
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8:
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814:
532:
520:
411:
269:
263:
3343:
2053:"Q-fever (Coxiella burnetti) Zoonoses: An historical and persistent rickettsial disease"
1386:
Review of medical microbiology & immunology: a guide to clinical infectious diseases
3465:
3353:
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1513:
1251:
1170:
1098:
1064:
508:
472:
466:
435:
2438:
2028:
2003:
1916:
632:. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name
3541:
3511:
3361:
3295:
3273:
3181:
3127:
3107:
3022:
2885:
2851:
2818:
2675:
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2575:
2451:
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2369:
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2151:
2128:
2077:
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1984:
1974:
1930:
1920:
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1656:
1625:
1537:
1484:
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1399:
1389:
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1305:
1300:
1283:
1255:
958:
866:
752:
478:
393:
2019:
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2613:
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2400:
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2110:
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2015:
1912:
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423:
86:
50:
3263:
3247:
3230:
2963:
2862:
2747:
2623:
2553:
2506:
2076:(4 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 666.
2071:
1653:
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of
Moraxella catarrhalis colonization and infection
1438:
1003:
946:
738:
490:
484:
1587:
3515:
3333:
3305:
3290:
3268:
2618:
2582:
1219:
1175:
941:
672:
514:
170:
30:
2280:
1968:
1964:
1403:
886:), or bacilluscocco, is a type of bacterium with a shape intermediate between
3535:
3376:
3313:
3218:
3213:
3134:
3092:
2972:
2857:
2813:
2785:
2776:
2766:
2742:
2638:
1792:
1670:
1424:
1370:
1140:
1081:
1053:
1037:
1033:
998:
930:
668:
352:
293:
283:
234:
166:
147:
123:
94:
73:. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades.
68:
3460:
3371:
3366:
3102:
3002:
2987:
2867:
2608:
2526:
2474:
2422:
2373:
2355:
2299:
2206:
2132:
1988:
1934:
1800:
1783:
1766:
1684:
1309:
1191:
1158:
1070:
1015:
786:
667:
There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its color upon
375:
220:
2404:
2188:
2114:
2037:
1739:
3477:
3328:
3323:
3225:
3043:
2890:
2443:
1718:
1119:
1111:
969:
807:
793:
779:
772:
731:
717:
254:
62:
1024:
is a common pathogen of bacterial food-related gastrointestinal illness.
248:
49:
and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a
2997:
2982:
2900:
2633:
1601:
1135:
861:
821:
800:
682:
625:
317:
The various gram-positive cocci differ physiologically and by habitat.
213:
186:
663:
Coccobacillus: Oval and similar to coccus (circular shaped bacterium).
3455:
3445:
3430:
3122:
2992:
2823:
2781:
2693:
2587:
1164:
1092:
1046:
1029:
452:
357:
194:
190:
182:
143:
340:
314:
have no regular plane of division. They form grape-like structures.
2501:
2478:
1841:"Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells"
1179:
1147:
1115:
1103:
993:
964:
928:
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus prevalent in subgingival plaques.
849:
835:
828:
745:
724:
634:
629:
558:, a salient pathogen contributing to infections in the human body.
267:
describes a pack-like cuboidal arrangement of eight cocci such as
139:
127:
46:
252:
are clusters of four cocci arranged within the same plane such as
3074:
2931:
2895:
2531:
2044:
1330:(10th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 106.
643:
639:
54:
2338:
Constantino MA, Jabbarzadeh M, Fu HC, Bansil R (November 2016).
2317:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 680.
697:
Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other.
657:
Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other.
2977:
2732:
1973:(4 ed.). University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
1246:(Fifth ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 211–220.
842:
675:
can be used to distinguish among gram-negative bacilli such as
131:
2337:
1001:. Researchers discovered a protein that allows the bacterium
2905:
2231:(6th International ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 108–109.
1417:
1383:
1196:
887:
581:, that exhibit pathogenic characteristics in the human body.
206:
157:
151:
671:; there are both gram-positive rods and gram-negative rods.
165:
Important human diseases caused by coccoid bacteria include
1862:. The Community College of Baltimore County. Archived from
1744:
1689:
1630:
45:
are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of
1650:
1767:"The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus"
1529:
940:
is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for causing
1878:
135:
cocci bacteria do not have flagella and are non-motile.
2069:
1475:
Salton MR, Kim KS (1996). Baron S, et al. (eds.).
2057:
Purdue
University Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
1711:"Streptococcus pneumoniae (Klein, 1884) Chester, 1901"
439:. The most common of these species are the pathogenic
2312:
1815:"The Size, Shape, And Arrangement Of Bacterial Cells"
554:. However, only one has a morphology of diplococcus,
27:
Shapes characteristic of certain bacteria and archaea
1902:
1536:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 395–.
1118:
inside the outer membrane. They comprise the phylum
379:
spp. Presumably, diplococcus has been implicated in
2148:
642:, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name
321:spp. are obligate aerobes that inhabit human skin.
238:are irregular (grape-like) clusters of cocci (e.g.
2264:"Microbial Adaptation to Enhance Stress Tolerance"
2150:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 16–17.
1512:
1511:Ingraham, Catherine A.; Ingraham, John L. (2000).
1388:(15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
53:enables the classification of these bacteria (and
2262:Tan YS, Zhang RK, Liu ZH, Li BZ, Yuan YJ (2022).
1355:(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
962:is also a coccobacillus. Bacteria from the genus
934:strains may grow on solid media as coccobacilli.
464:, comprises gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria:
387:belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. This genus,
3533:
1510:
1281:
968:are medically important coccobacilli that cause
2220:
2218:
2216:
2001:
1764:
1483:(4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch.
3059:
2459:
2261:
1860:"Sizes, Shapes, and Arrangements of Bacteria"
1321:
1319:
287:cell division and that cells stick together.
2145:
2073:Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease
1896:
1817:. Midlands Technical College. Archived from
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1199:shaped, the most common example of which is
2331:
2315:The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology
2257:
2255:
2213:
1995:
1523:
1443:
1325:
1237:
1235:
700:Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains.
660:Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains.
367:. Examples of gram-positive diplococci are
344:Structure b represents diplococcus bacteria
34:Bacteria display a large diversity of cell
3073:
3066:
3052:
2473:
2466:
2452:
2177:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
2103:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
1947:
1506:
1504:
1316:
1282:Zapun A, Vernet T, Pinho MG (March 2008).
2412:
2363:
2289:
2279:
2196:
2122:
2027:
2002:McCaul TF, Williams JC (September 1981).
1782:
1651:Verhaegh, S.J.C. (Suzanne) (2011-06-01).
1561:
1474:
1299:
1268:
759:
704:
306:are only two cells long. They are called
2389:"The selective value of bacterial shape"
2252:
2173:"The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape"
2099:"The selective value of bacterial shape"
1965:"Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella"
1888:. NYU School of Medicine. Archived from
1232:
1091:
1014:
860:
339:
93:
85:
29:
1962:
1765:Fisher, Katie; Phillips, Carol (2009).
1501:
1449:
894:reflects an intermediate shape between
14:
3534:
2224:
2051:Walters, Sherry. Thacker, Leon (ed.).
1948:Tankeshwar, Acharya (April 11, 2016).
1557:
1555:
1553:
1351:Ryan, Kenneth James (4 January 2018).
277:
3047:
2447:
2386:
2380:
2170:
2146:Csuros, Maria; Csuros, Csaba (1999).
2096:
1857:
1562:Gillespie, Claire (August 20, 2018).
1222:– gave first named shapes of bacteria
1157:, a tick-borne bacterium that causes
925:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
628:clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or
118:(scarlet) and derived from the Greek
3028:
1468:
1350:
1244:17 - Streptococcus and Related Cocci
1241:
2050:
1550:
1063:, a foodborne pathogen that causes
609:
146:noun, which in turn stems from the
24:
2171:Young, Kevin D. (September 2006).
1530:Richard A. Harvey (Ph.D.) (2007).
1252:10.1016/b978-0-12-161775-2.50021-9
1215:Bacterial morphological plasticity
25:
3558:
2432:
1588:"Mystery of the forgotten plague"
1377:
1344:
1102:bacteria, the causative agent of
688:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3143:
3027:
3018:
3017:
1905:International Review of Cytology
1301:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00098.x
856:
351:are pairs of cocci. Examples of
2716:Bacterial cellular morphologies
2306:
2164:
2139:
2090:
2063:
2020:10.1128/jb.147.3.1063-1076.1981
1956:
1941:
1851:
1833:
1807:
1758:
1732:
1703:
1677:
1644:
1618:
1594:
1580:
1284:"The different shapes of cocci"
200:
43:Bacterial cellular morphologies
1450:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
1410:
1087:
13:
1:
1917:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)53002-5
1454:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1226:
1174:, subspecies of which causes
1040:flagella. Examples include:
950:, the bacterium that causes
335:
90:Arrangement of cocci bacteria
3483:Standard anatomical position
3408:Glossary of plant morphology
3403:Glossary of dinosaur anatomy
3398:Anatomical terms of location
1515:Introduction to Microbiology
1481:Baron's Medical Microbiology
1452:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1353:Sherris medical microbiology
1328:Fundamentals of Microbiology
1010:
624:(when the context makes the
224:are chains of cocci such as
158:
7:
2387:Young KD (September 2006).
2228:Foundations in Microbiology
2097:Young KD (September 2006).
1208:
599:
185:, as well as some forms of
10:
3563:
2959:Bacteria (classifications)
2681:Primary nutritional groups
1967:. In Baron, Samuel (ed.).
1963:Collins, Frank M. (1996).
1602:"Neisseria Trevisan, 1885"
1564:"Types of Coccus Bacteria"
1418:
1326:Pommerville, J.C. (2013).
1185:
763:
708:
169:infections, some types of
152:
3521:Index of anatomy articles
3496:
3423:
3385:
3352:
3304:
3256:
3206:
3190:
3152:
3141:
3085:
3013:
2944:
2924:
2876:
2765:
2756:
2708:
2601:
2539:
2525:
2485:
2281:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888746
2268:Frontiers in Microbiology
2225:Talaro, Kathleen (2007).
1288:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
981:
954:, is also coccobacillus.
130:) whose overall shape is
81:
3170:morphological plasticity
3160:Bacterial cell structure
2835:Bacterial outer membrane
2439:Bacteria Picture Gallery
563:Streptococcus pneumoniae
370:Streptococcus pneumoniae
175:urinary tract infections
76:
2008:Journal of Bacteriology
1886:"Gram Negative Bacilli"
1434:A Greek–English Lexicon
527:M. nonliquefaciens
381:encephalitis lethargica
3488:Transcendental anatomy
3393:Anatomical terminology
2830:Gram-negative bacteria
2809:Gram-positive bacteria
2393:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2356:10.1126/sciadv.1601661
1784:10.1099/mic.0.026385-0
1107:
1025:
907:Haemophilus influenzae
875:
766:Gram-negative bacteria
760:Gram-negative examples
711:Gram-positive bacteria
705:Gram-positive examples
588:belongs to the family
545:M. saccharolytica
456:belongs to the family
345:
227:Streptococcus pyogenes
103:
91:
39:
3165:cellular morphologies
2685:Substrate preference
2405:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
2189:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
2115:10.1128/MMBR.00001-06
1847:on 23 September 2012.
1425:Liddell, Henry George
1139:species, which cause
1124:dark field microscopy
1095:
1044:Members of the genus
1018:
919:Chlamydia trachomatis
913:Gardnerella vaginalis
864:
618:bacilliform bacterium
565:belongs to the genus
551:M. pluranimalium
406:N. polysaccharea
364:Moraxella catarrhalis
343:
329:Staphylococcus aureus
241:Staphylococcus aureus
189:, throat infections,
97:
89:
33:
3547:Morphology (biology)
3436:Anatomical variation
3119:Microscopic anatomy
2666:Microbial metabolism
1970:Medical microbiology
1495:(via NCBI Bookshelf)
1154:Borrelia burgdorferi
1130:. Examples include:
1128:Warthin–Starry stain
1106:magnified 400 times.
1060:Campylobacter jejuni
1021:Campylobacter jejuni
937:Bordetella pertussis
441:N. meningitidis
418:N. meningitidis
179:toxic shock syndrome
138:Cocci is an English
3451:Form classification
3319:Neanderthal anatomy
3177:Colonial morphology
3115:Comparative anatomy
3098:Superficial anatomy
2916:Non-motile bacteria
2512:Pathogenic bacteria
1202:Helicobacter pylori
1077:Helicobacter pylori
975:Haemophilus ducreyi
556:M. catarrhalis
445:N. gonorrhoeae
400:N. gonorrhoeae
278:Gram-positive cocci
216:are pairs of cocci.
162:) meaning 'berry'.
144:modern or Neo-Latin
3466:History of anatomy
3153:Bacteria and fungi
2845:Lipopolysaccharide
1171:Treponema pallidum
1108:
1099:Treponema pallidum
1065:campylobacteriosis
1026:
922:are coccobacilli.
876:
638:, capitalized and
579:S. pneumoniae
467:Moraxella lacunata
346:
300:S. pneumoniae
270:Sarcina ventriculi
104:
92:
40:
3529:
3528:
3362:Amphibian anatomy
3354:Other vertebrates
3296:Arthropod cuticle
3274:Insect morphology
3269:Gastropod anatomy
3182:Lichen morphology
3108:brain morphometry
3041:
3040:
2940:
2939:
2886:Bacterial capsule
2852:Periplasmic space
2819:Lipoteichoic acid
2704:
2703:
2676:Microbial ecology
2671:Nitrogen fixation
2083:978-0-7817-5342-5
1980:978-0-9631172-1-2
1926:978-0-12-373597-3
1892:on 14 March 2009.
1866:on 11 August 2019
1543:978-0-7817-8215-9
1261:978-0-12-161775-2
1168:species, such as
1151:species, such as
1074:species, such as
1057:species, such as
959:Coxiella burnetti
867:Coxiella burnetii
753:Propionibacterium
616:), also called a
533:M. osloensis
521:M. lincolnii
412:N. lactamica
394:Neisseria cinerea
114:, from the Latin
38:and arrangements.
16:(Redirected from
3554:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3441:Anatomical plane
3339:Elephant anatomy
3236:Plant morphology
3147:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3031:
3030:
3021:
3020:
2969:Former groupings
2763:
2762:
2614:Human microbiome
2537:
2536:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2427:
2426:
2416:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2350:(11): e1601661.
2335:
2329:
2328:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2014:(3): 1063–1076.
1999:
1993:
1992:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1843:. Archived from
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1821:on 9 August 2016
1811:
1805:
1804:
1786:
1777:(6): 1749–1757.
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1717:. Archived from
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1548:
1547:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1447:
1441:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1239:
1096:Thin spirochete
898:(spherical) and
620:or often just a
611:
571:Streptococcaceae
509:M. cuniculi
473:M. atlantae
436:N. subflava
161:
155:
154:
122:(berry)) is any
51:light microscope
21:
18:Bacillus (shape)
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3492:
3419:
3413:leaf morphology
3381:
3348:
3344:Giraffe anatomy
3300:
3264:Decapod anatomy
3252:
3248:Soil morphology
3231:Plant life-form
3202:
3186:
3148:
3139:
3081:
3072:
3042:
3037:
3009:
2964:Bacterial phyla
2948:
2936:
2920:
2878:
2872:
2863:Arabinogalactan
2768:
2752:
2700:
2597:
2541:
2529:
2521:
2507:Lysogenic cycle
2488:
2481:
2472:
2435:
2430:
2385:
2381:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2311:
2307:
2260:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2214:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2144:
2140:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2049:
2045:
2000:
1996:
1981:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1927:
1901:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1685:"Streptococcus"
1683:
1682:
1678:
1663:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1551:
1544:
1528:
1524:
1509:
1502:
1491:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1439:Perseus Project
1415:
1411:
1396:
1382:
1378:
1363:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1324:
1317:
1280:
1269:
1262:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1211:
1188:
1090:
1013:
1004:Vibrio cholerae
987:Spiral bacteria
984:
947:Yersinia pestis
859:
768:
762:
739:Corynebacterium
713:
707:
691:
602:
590:Enterococcaceae
569:and the family
479:M. boevrei
355:diplococci are
338:
280:
203:
150:masculine noun
84:
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3508:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3424:Related topics
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3291:Spider anatomy
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2721:cell structure
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2694:Saccharophilic
2691:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Microaerophile
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2433:External links
2431:
2429:
2428:
2399:(3): 660–703.
2379:
2330:
2323:
2305:
2251:
2238:978-0071262323
2237:
2212:
2183:(3): 660–703.
2163:
2156:
2138:
2109:(3): 660–703.
2089:
2082:
2062:
2043:
1994:
1979:
1955:
1940:
1925:
1895:
1877:
1850:
1832:
1806:
1757:
1740:"Enterococcus"
1731:
1702:
1676:
1661:
1643:
1617:
1593:
1579:
1549:
1542:
1522:
1500:
1489:
1467:
1460:
1442:
1409:
1394:
1376:
1361:
1343:
1336:
1315:
1294:(2): 345–360.
1267:
1260:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:Ferdinand Cohn
1217:
1210:
1207:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1176:treponematoses
1161:
1144:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1067:
1050:
1012:
1009:
983:
980:
942:whooping cough
858:
855:
854:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
764:Main article:
761:
758:
757:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
709:Main article:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
690:
687:
673:MacConkey agar
665:
664:
661:
658:
601:
598:
503:M. caviae
497:M. caprae
460:. This genus,
430:N. oralis
424:N. mucosa
337:
334:
323:Staphylococcus
312:Staphylococcus
279:
276:
275:
274:
260:
245:
231:
217:
202:
199:
171:food poisoning
167:staphylococcal
100:Staphylococcus
83:
80:
78:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3377:Shark anatomy
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Horse anatomy
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:Human anatomy
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:Invertebrates
3255:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:Plant anatomy
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3135:Morphometrics
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Gross anatomy
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3034:
3026:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Schizomycetes
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Teichoic acid
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:Peptidoglycan
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Cell membrane
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2324:9780781765275
2320:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2157:9781566701792
2153:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1721:on 2020-04-01
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1662:9780397515684
1658:
1654:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1590:. 2004-07-27.
1589:
1583:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1490:0-9631172-1-1
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1461:0-8385-8529-9
1457:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1429:Scott, Robert
1426:
1422:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:9781259644498
1391:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1362:9781259859809
1358:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1337:9781449647964
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:leptospirosis
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1083:
1082:peptic ulcers
1080:, a cause of
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1054:Campylobacter
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:lophotrichous
1035:
1034:amphitrichous
1031:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
979:
977:
976:
971:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:
953:
949:
948:
943:
939:
938:
933:
932:
931:Acinetobacter
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
903:
902:(elongated).
901:
897:
893:
892:coccobacillus
889:
885:
881:
880:coccobacillus
873:
869:
868:
863:
857:Coccobacillus
852:
851:
847:
845:
844:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
795:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
769:
767:
755:
754:
750:
748:
747:
743:
741:
740:
736:
734:
733:
729:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:
715:
714:
712:
699:
696:
695:
694:
686:
684:
680:
679:
674:
670:
669:Gram staining
662:
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651:
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637:
636:
631:
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623:
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582:
580:
576:
575:Streptococcus
572:
568:
567:Streptococcus
564:
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541:
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534:
529:
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523:
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510:
505:
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498:
493:
492:
491:M. canis
487:
486:
485:M. bovis
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:Moraxellaceae
459:
458:Moraxellaceae
455:
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432:
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296:
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294:Streptococcus
290:
285:
284:gram-positive
272:
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251:
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236:
235:Staphylococci
232:
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124:microorganism
121:
117:
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101:
96:
88:
74:
72:
70:
69:Haloquadratum
65:
64:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
3471:19th century
3461:Hertwig rule
3372:Fish anatomy
3367:Bird anatomy
3241:reproductive
3164:
3103:Neuroanatomy
3003:Mendosicutes
2988:Gracilicutes
2968:
2868:Mycolic acid
2858:Mycobacteria
2856:
2828:
2807:
2743:Coccobacilli
2715:
2643:in pregnancy
2609:Extremophile
2593:Aerotolerant
2527:Biochemistry
2489:microbiology
2475:Microbiology
2396:
2392:
2382:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2314:
2308:
2271:
2267:
2244:11 September
2242:. Retrieved
2227:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2147:
2141:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2072:
2065:
2056:
2046:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1969:
1958:
1943:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:the original
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1853:
1845:the original
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1809:
1774:
1771:Microbiology
1770:
1760:
1749:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1715:www.gbif.org
1714:
1705:
1694:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1652:
1646:
1635:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1606:www.gbif.org
1605:
1596:
1582:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:
1533:Microbiology
1532:
1525:
1514:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1432:
1412:
1385:
1379:
1352:
1346:
1327:
1291:
1287:
1243:
1200:
1195:species are
1192:Helicobacter
1190:
1189:
1178:, including
1169:
1163:
1159:Lyme disease
1152:
1146:
1134:
1120:Spirochaetes
1109:
1097:
1075:
1071:Helicobacter
1069:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1027:
1019:
1002:
992:
986:
985:
973:
963:
957:
956:
945:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
904:
899:
895:
891:
884:coccobacilli
883:
879:
877:
865:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
787:Enterobacter
785:
778:
771:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
692:
689:Arrangements
676:
666:
652:
647:
633:
621:
617:
613:
605:
603:
594:Enterococcus
593:
589:
586:Enterococcus
585:
583:
578:
574:
573:. The genus
570:
566:
562:
561:The species
560:
555:
549:
543:
539:M. ovis
537:
531:
525:
519:
515:M. equi
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
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457:
451:
449:
444:
440:
434:
428:
422:
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410:
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398:
392:
388:
384:
383:. The genus
376:Enterococcus
374:
368:
362:
356:
348:
347:
327:
322:
318:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
292:
288:
281:
268:
262:
253:
247:
239:
233:
225:
221:Streptococci
219:
204:
201:Arrangements
164:
137:
119:
115:
111:
107:
105:
99:
67:
61:
59:
42:
41:
36:morphologies
3478:Physiognomy
3329:Dog anatomy
3324:Cat anatomy
3226:Plant habit
2891:Slime layer
2571:Facultative
2559:Facultative
1858:Kaiser GE.
1626:"Moraxella"
1477:Structure.
1088:Spirochetes
970:brucellosis
808:Pseudomonas
794:Escherichia
780:Citrobacter
773:Bacteroides
732:Clostridium
718:Actinomyces
319:Micrococcus
310:Species of
308:diplococci.
255:Micrococcus
63:Spirochetes
3536:Categories
3386:Glossaries
3198:Structures
3079:morphology
2998:Mollicutes
2993:Firmicutes
2983:Prokaryota
2901:Glycocalyx
2726:plasticity
2689:Lipophilic
2542:preference
2517:Resistance
2274:: 888746.
1751:2019-12-02
1725:2019-12-02
1696:2019-12-02
1637:2019-12-02
1611:2019-12-02
1573:2019-12-01
1404:1032261353
1227:References
1136:Leptospira
1112:spirochete
999:shapeshift
822:Salmonella
801:Klebsiella
683:salmonella
640:italicized
596:bacteria.
584:The genus
450:The genus
349:Diplococci
336:Diplococci
214:Diplococci
191:pneumonias
187:meningitis
3456:Gracility
3446:Body plan
3431:Allometry
3128:molecular
3123:histology
2951:evolution
2925:Composite
2824:Endospore
2782:Cell wall
2758:Structure
2649:Placental
2588:Nanaerobe
2566:Anaerobic
2497:Infection
1911:: 27–94.
1793:1350-0872
1671:929980928
1568:Sciencing
1371:983825627
1197:helically
1165:Treponema
1047:Spirillum
1030:spirillum
1011:Spirillum
453:Moraxella
389:Neisseria
385:Neisseria
361:spp. and
358:Neisseria
195:sinusitis
183:gonorrhea
132:spherical
126:(usually
3542:Bacteria
3506:Category
3191:Protists
3023:Category
2946:Taxonomy
2879:envelope
2769:envelope
2659:Salivary
2576:Obligate
2554:Obligate
2502:Exotoxin
2479:Bacteria
2423:16959965
2374:28138539
2300:35572687
2207:16959965
2133:16959965
1989:21413268
1935:17098054
1870:8 August
1825:8 August
1801:19383684
1310:18266741
1209:See also
1180:syphilis
1148:Borrelia
1116:flagella
1104:syphilis
994:Bacteria
965:Brucella
900:bacillus
882:(plural
850:Yersinia
836:Shigella
829:Serratia
746:Listeria
725:Bacillus
648:Bacillus
635:Bacillus
630:archaeon
606:bacillus
600:Bacillus
140:loanword
128:bacteria
116:coccinus
110:(plural
102:bacteria
47:bacteria
3306:Mammals
3284:Odonata
3279:Diptera
3075:Anatomy
3033:Commons
2932:Biofilm
2911:Fimbria
2896:S-layer
2877:Outside
2738:Bacilli
2654:Uterine
2639:Vaginal
2549:Aerobic
2532:ecology
2487:Medical
2414:1594593
2365:5262464
2344:Sci Adv
2291:9093737
2198:1594593
2124:1594593
2038:7275931
1437:at the
1186:Helical
815:Proteus
678:E. coli
644:Bacilli
614:bacilli
289:Sarcina
264:Sarcina
249:Tetrads
173:, some
55:archaea
3516:Portal
3207:Plants
3086:Fields
2978:Monera
2748:Spiral
2540:Oxygen
2421:
2411:
2372:
2362:
2321:
2298:
2288:
2235:
2205:
2195:
2154:
2131:
2121:
2080:
2036:
2029:216147
2026:
1987:
1977:
1933:
1923:
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1791:
1669:
1659:
1540:
1487:
1458:
1419:κόκκος
1402:
1392:
1369:
1359:
1334:
1308:
1258:
982:Spiral
952:plague
916:, and
896:coccus
843:Vibrio
548:, and
207:genera
193:, and
159:cóccos
153:κόκκος
120:kokkos
108:coccus
82:Coccus
3219:fruit
2906:Pilus
2860:only:
2840:Porin
2832:only:
2811:only:
2733:Cocci
2709:Shape
2629:Mouth
2602:Other
888:cocci
626:sense
148:Greek
142:of a
112:cocci
77:Types
3077:and
2949:and
2767:Cell
2634:Skin
2624:Lung
2530:and
2419:PMID
2370:PMID
2319:ISBN
2296:PMID
2246:2017
2233:ISBN
2203:PMID
2152:ISBN
2129:PMID
2078:ISBN
2034:PMID
1985:PMID
1975:ISBN
1931:PMID
1921:ISBN
1872:2016
1827:2016
1797:PMID
1789:ISSN
1745:LPSN
1690:LPSN
1667:OCLC
1657:ISBN
1631:LPSN
1538:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1400:OCLC
1390:ISBN
1367:OCLC
1357:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1306:PMID
1256:ISBN
681:and
443:and
433:and
373:and
282:The
2801:DAP
2796:NAG
2791:NAM
2619:Gut
2409:PMC
2401:doi
2360:PMC
2352:doi
2286:PMC
2276:doi
2193:PMC
2185:doi
2119:PMC
2111:doi
2024:PMC
2016:doi
2012:147
1913:doi
1909:253
1779:doi
1775:155
1479:In:
1296:doi
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