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619:, counters the prevailing view of geologists that mud only settles when water is slow-moving or still, instead showing that "muds will accumulate even when currents move swiftly." The research shows that some mudstones may have formed in fast-moving waters: "Mudstones can be deposited under more energetic conditions than widely assumed, requiring a reappraisal of many geologic records."
436:
The aim of sedimentology, studying sediments, is to derive information on the depositional conditions which acted to deposit the rock unit, and the relation of the individual rock units in a basin into a coherent understanding of the evolution of the sedimentary sequences and basins, and thus, the
622:
Macquaker and Bohacs, in reviewing the research of
Schieber et al., state that "these results call for critical reappraisal of all mudstones previously interpreted as having been continuously deposited under still waters. Such rocks are widely used to infer past climates, ocean conditions, and
444:
Sedimentological conditions are recorded within the sediments as they are laid down; the form of the sediments at present reflects the events of the past and all events which affect the sediments, from the source of the sedimentary material to the stresses enacted upon them after
475:, which states that sediments are deposited at their angle of repose which, for most types of sediment, is essentially horizontal. Thus, when the younging direction is known, the rocks can be "unfolded" and interpreted according to the contained sedimentary information.
96:
that the processes affecting the earth today are the same as in the past is the basis for determining how sedimentary features in the rock record were formed. By comparing similar features today to features in the rock record—for example, by comparing modern
440:
The scientific basis of this is the principle of uniformitarianism, which states that the sediments within ancient sedimentary rocks were deposited in the same way as sediments which are being deposited at the Earth's surface today.
649:, has described how geocirculation is related to global temperatures and climate change. The research described carbon and water circulation, and impacts of heat on current and future capacity of carbon capture by the ocean.
152:
and their composition. In the past, the term "Clastic
Sedimentary Rocks" were used to describe silica-rich clastic sedimentary rocks, however there have been cases of clastic carbonate rocks. The more appropriate term is
407:. Our understanding of the extent of these aquifers and how much water can be withdrawn from them depends critically on our knowledge of the rocks that hold them (the reservoir).
456:
is critical to the interpretation of sedimentary sequences, and in older metamorphic terrains or fold and thrust belts where sediments are often intensely
513:
The methods employed by sedimentologists to gather data and evidence on the nature and depositional conditions of sedimentary rocks include;
209:
Chemical sedimentary rocks, including some carbonates, are deposited by precipitation of minerals from aqueous solution. These include
693:
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states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions unless obstructed by a physical object or topography.
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of precursor rocks and consist primarily of fragmental material. Clastic rocks are classified according to their predominant
1229:
468:
is critical to interpretation of the sedimentary section and often the deformation and metamorphic structure of the region.
862:"Morphology, Genesis, and Distribution of Nanometer-Scale Pores in Siliceous Mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale"
472:
524:, a formal process of documenting thickness, lithology, outcrop, distribution, contact relationships to other formations
58:. Sedimentologists apply their understanding of modern processes to interpret geologic history through observations of
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Organic sedimentary rocks are important deposits formed from the accumulation of biological detritus, and form
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states that whatever cuts across or intrudes into the layers of strata is younger than the layers of strata.
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Sedimentary rocks provide a multitude of products which modern and ancient society has come to utilise.
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Moenave
Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm, southwestern Utah.
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are formed through the evaporation of water at the Earth's surface and most commonly include
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has been driven by the recent effort to commercially produce hydrocarbons from them as
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Robert G. Loucks, Robert M. Reed, Stephen C. Ruppel, and Daniel M. Jarvie
777:
Sedimentary
Geology: An Introduction to Sedimentary Rocks and Stratigraphy
403:: sedimentary rocks contain a large proportion of the Earth's groundwater
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Measuring and describing the outcrop and distribution of the rock unit;
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Architectural uses: stone derived from sedimentary rocks is used for
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relies on the capacity of sedimentary rocks to generate deposits of
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marginal marine sequence of siltstones and sandstones, southwestern
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613:. The research, which appears in the December 14, 2007, edition of
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Descriptions of rock core (drilled and extracted from wells during
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are found in sedimentary rocks. A large proportion of the world's
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800:, National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication, 2005,
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818:"Accretion of Mudstone Beds from Migrating Floccule Ripples,"
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Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Cameron J. Tsujita,
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Georges Millot, translated by W.R. Farrand, Helene Paquet,
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energy resources are hosted within sedimentary successions.
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Geology Of Clays - Weathering, Sedimentology, Geochemistry
827:"As waters clear, scientists seek to end a muddy debate,"
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248:
875:"Global warming speeds up currents in the ocean's abyss"
864:, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2009, v. 79, 848-861.
16:
Study of natural sediments and their formation processes
544:
Describes the progression of rock units within a basin
105:
sandstones—geologists reconstruct past environments.
816:
Juergen
Schieber, John Southard, and Kevin Thaisen,
38:, and the processes that result in their formation (
527:
Mapping the distribution of the rock unit, or units
645:Recent research by an Australian sedimentologist,
221:
133:: clastics, carbonates, evaporites, and chemical.
1395:
716:, Scientific American Library, New York (1988),
930:
601:The longstanding understanding of how some
332:: sedimentary rocks host large deposits of
140:are composed of particles derived from the
937:
923:
798:Earth, An Introduction to Physical Geology
605:form has been challenged by geologists at
471:Folding in sediments is analysed with the
844:Joe H. S. Macquaker and Kevin M. Bohacs,
694:Vegetation-induced sedimentary structures
168:deposits, and are typically found within
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69:Sedimentary rocks cover up to 75% of the
496:
487:principle of cross-cutting relationships
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112:
501:Centripetal desiccation cracks (with a
437:Earth's geological history as a whole.
1396:
846:"Geology: On the Accumulation of Mud,"
758:, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA (1999),
596:
505:footprint in the center) in the Lower
918:
611:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
420:Heavy minerals (dark) deposited in a
81:. Sedimentology is closely linked to
775:Donald R. Prothero and Fred Schwab,
364:, and many other precious minerals,
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473:principle of original horizontality
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626:Considerable recent research into
368:and industrial minerals including
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756:Sedimentology & Stratigraphy
737:Springer Verlag, Berlin (1970),
607:Indiana University (Bloomington)
370:heavy mineral sands ore deposits
129:There are four primary types of
22:encompasses the study of modern
480:principle of lateral continuity
222:Importance of sedimentary rocks
73:'s surface, record much of the
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854:
851:, 14 December 2007: 1734-1735.
838:
823:, 14 December 2007: 1760-1763.
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563:; particularly measurement of
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101:to dunes preserved in ancient
1:
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835:(accessed 27 December 2007).
642:(or Light Tight Oil) plays.
172:of clastic sedimentary rocks
7:
1008:Geological history of Earth
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454:principle of superposition
298:and industrial materials:
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1022:Composition and structure
1021:
993:
975:Index of geology articles
952:
460:or deformed, recognising
449:are available for study.
779:, W. H. Freeman (1996),
634:reservoirs, in both the
180:are composed of various
534:hydrocarbon exploration
510:
433:
241:
126:
109:Sedimentary rock types
64:sedimentary structures
1271:Environmental geology
689:Sequence stratigraphy
623:orbital variations."
540:Sequence stratigraphy
500:
419:
229:
116:
1230:Planetary geophysics
911:at Wikimedia Commons
584:Isotope geochemistry
348:, large deposits of
231:Mi Vida uranium mine
1332:Petroleum geologist
1296:Forensic geophysics
1266:Engineering geology
1013:Timeline of geology
965:Glossary of geology
597:Recent developments
586:, including use of
157:sedimentary rocks.
1414:Physical geography
1358:Geology portal
1286:Geologic modelling
1225:Geophysical survey
1177:Geodetic astronomy
1103:Structural geology
1064:Historical geology
995:History of geology
970:History of geology
960:Outline of geology
588:radiometric dating
511:
434:
242:
182:carbonate minerals
127:
1419:Sedimentary rocks
1391:
1390:
1276:Planetary geology
1192:Planetary geodesy
907:Media related to
376:petroleum geology
289:for load-bearing
186:calcium carbonate
131:sedimentary rocks
77:, and harbor the
60:sedimentary rocks
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1291:Forensic geology
1261:Economic geology
1187:Gravity of Earth
1082:Paleoclimatology
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712:Raymond Siever,
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412:Basic principles
336:ore deposits of
330:Economic geology
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267:dimension stone
237:mudstones near
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1249:Applications
1220:Geomagnetism
1144:Hydrogeology
1077:Paleontology
1072:Stratigraphy
1053:
1039:Geochemistry
883:. Retrieved
881:. 2022-03-25
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271:architecture
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184:(most often
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1320:Occupations
1301:Meteoritics
1167:Cartography
1123:Volcanology
1108:Geodynamics
832:PhysOrg.com
679:Ore genesis
561:petrography
493:Methodology
401:Groundwater
1398:Categories
1281:Geobiology
1256:Biogeology
1235:Seismology
1212:Geophysics
1139:Glaciology
1044:Mineralogy
885:2022-04-16
700:References
647:Dutkiewicz
569:grain size
447:diagenesis
310:including
291:buttresses
273:, notably
239:Moab, Utah
196:Evaporites
178:Carbonates
150:grain size
142:weathering
99:sand dunes
56:diagenesis
52:deposition
44:weathering
1327:Geologist
1182:Geomatics
1049:Petrology
953:Overviews
825:See also
674:Oil shale
640:tight oil
636:shale gas
628:mudstones
603:mudstones
557:Petrology
551:lithology
432:, India).
391:oil shale
380:petroleum
366:gemstones
324:limestone
287:sandstone
260:limestone
211:jaspilite
166:oil shale
48:transport
24:sediments
653:See also
609:and the
507:Jurassic
503:dinosaur
462:younging
405:aquifers
374:Energy:
358:tungsten
308:ceramics
296:Ceramics
119:Triassic
26:such as
1382:Geology
1370:Geology
1159:Geodesy
946:Geology
849:Science
821:Science
669:Geology
616:Science
565:texture
430:Chennai
395:uranium
362:Uranium
304:pottery
283:roofing
269:and in
146:erosion
117:Middle
103:aeolian
94:premise
40:erosion
804:
783:
762:
741:
720:
458:folded
424:beach
422:quartz
350:copper
346:silver
316:cement
312:bricks
281:) for
253:marble
204:gypsum
200:halite
170:basins
87:strata
34:, and
1132:Water
334:SEDEX
279:shale
275:slate
235:redox
215:chert
188:(CaCO
71:Earth
802:ISBN
781:ISBN
760:ISBN
739:ISBN
718:ISBN
714:Sand
664:Coal
638:and
559:and
485:The
478:The
452:The
426:sand
389:and
387:Coal
383:oils
354:gold
342:zinc
338:lead
320:lime
318:and
306:and
302:for
300:clay
213:and
164:and
162:coal
144:and
123:Utah
92:The
62:and
54:and
42:and
36:clay
32:silt
28:sand
829:at
249:Art
233:in
202:or
46:),
1400::
877:.
567:,
385:.
360:,
356:,
314:;
285:,
251::
89:.
66:.
50:,
30:,
938:e
931:t
924:v
888:.
787:.
766:.
745:.
724:.
536:)
428:(
344:-
340:-
326:.
217:.
206:.
190:3
125:.
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