Dune - Knowledge

337: 350: 957: 2131: 3049: 1054: 1756: 1229: 1585: 1773: 833: 661:. Models of coastal dunes suggest that their final equilibrium height is related to the distance between the water line and where vegetation can grow. Coastal dunes can be classified by where they develop, or begin to take shape. Dunes are commonly grouped into either the Primary Dune Group or the Secondary Dune Group. Primary dunes gain most of their sand from the beach itself, while secondary dunes gain their sand from the primary dune. Along the Florida Panhandle, most dunes are considered to be foredunes or hummocks. Different locations around the globe have dune formations unique to their given coastal profile. 564: 1214: 626: 47: 4578: 2631: 583: 2121: 525:. The stability of the dunes was once attributed to the vegetative cover but recent research has pointed to water as the main source of parabolic dune stability. The vegetation that covers them—grasses, shrubs, and trees—help anchor the trailing arms. In inland deserts, parabolic dunes commonly originate and extend downwind from blowouts in sand sheets only partly anchored by vegetation. They can also originate from beach sands and extend inland into vegetated areas in coastal zones and on shores of large lakes. 6985: 1198: 7601: 608:

Compound dunes are large dunes on which smaller dunes of similar type and slipface orientation are superimposed. Complex dunes are combinations of two or more dune types. A crescentic dune with a star dune superimposed on its crest is the most common complex dune. Simple dunes represent a wind regime that has not changed in intensity or direction since the formation of the dune, while compound and complex dunes suggest that the intensity and direction of the wind has changed.

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dune arms are oriented in the same direction, and, the inter-dune corridors are generally swept clear of loose sand, the corridors can usually be traversed in between the trailing arms of the dune. However to cross straight over the dune by going over the trailing arms, can be very difficult. Also, traversing the nose is very difficult as well because the nose is usually made up of loose sand without much if any vegetation.

845: 398: 1785: 634: 1176:. Due to widespread human population expansion, dunes face destruction through land development and recreational usages, as well as alteration to prevent the encroachment of sand onto inhabited areas. Some countries, notably the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Sri Lanka have developed significant programs of dune protection through the use of 336: 1153: 502: 816:. Leaching occurs on the dunes, washing humus into the slacks, and the slacks may be much more developed than the exposed tops of the dunes. It is usually in the slacks that more rare species are developed and there is a tendency for the dune slacks' soil to be waterlogged where only marsh plants can survive. In Europe these plants include: creeping willow, cotton grass, 374: 201:, which are all deposits of the same type of materials. Dunes are generally defined as greater than 7 cm tall and may have ripples, while ripples are deposits that are less than 3 cm tall. A draa is a very large aeolian landform, with a length of several kilometers and a height of tens to hundreds of meters, and which may have superimposed dunes. 386: 555:(United States) to Saudi Arabia to Australia. Spacing between zibars ranges from 50 to 400 metres and they do not become more than 10 metres high. The dunes form at about ninety degrees to the prevailing wind which blows away the small, fine-grained sand leaving behind the coarser grained sand to form the crest. 182: 680:

How much a dune erodes during any storm surge is related to its location on the coastal shoreline and the profile of the beach during a particular season. In those areas with harsher winter weather, during the summer a beach tends to take on more of a convex appearance due to gentler waves, while the

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or other intense storm activity, dependent on their location. Recent work has suggested that coastal dunes tend to evolve toward a high or low morphology depending on the growth rate of dunes relative to storm frequency. During a storm event, dunes play a significant role in minimizing wave energy as

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Coastal sand dunes can provide privacy and/or habitats to support local flora and fauna. Animals such as sand snakes, lizards, and rodents can live in coastal sand dunes, along with insects of all types. Often the vegetation of sand dunes is discussed without acknowledging the importance that coastal

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Parabolic dunes, like crescent dunes, occur in areas where very strong winds are mostly unidirectional. Although these dunes are found in areas now characterized by variable wind speeds, the effective winds associated with the growth and migration of both the parabolic and crescent dunes probably are

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U-shaped mounds of sand with convex noses trailed by elongated arms are parabolic dunes. These dunes are formed from blowout dunes where the erosion of vegetated sand leads to a U-shaped depression. The elongated arms are held in place by vegetation; the largest arm known on Earth reaches 12 km.

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and river valleys in arid and semiarid regions in response to the direction (s) of prevailing winds, are known as lunettes, source-bordering dunes, bourrelets and clay dunes. They may be composed of clay, silt, sand, or gypsum, eroded from the basin floor or shore, transported up the concave side of

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Dunes are most common in desert environments, where the lack of moisture hinders the growth of vegetation that would otherwise interfere with the development of dunes. However, sand deposits are not restricted to deserts, and dunes are also found along sea shores, along streams in semiarid climates,

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and height. The shape of a dune gives information about its formation environment. For instance, rivers produce asymmetrical ripples, with the steeper slip face facing downstream. Ripple marks preserved in sedimentary strata in the geological record can be used to determine the direction of current

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Draas are very large-scale dune bedforms; they may be tens or a few hundreds of metres in height, kilometres wide, and hundreds of kilometres in length. After a draa has reached a certain size, it generally develops superimposed dune forms. They are thought to be more ancient and slower-moving than

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tend to blow sand inland. The three key ingredients for coastal dune formation are a large sand supply, winds to move said sand supply, and a place for the sand supply to accumulate. Obstacles—for example, vegetation, pebbles and so on—tend to slow down the wind and lead to the deposition of sand

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All these dune shapes may occur in three forms: simple (isolated dunes of basic type), compound (larger dunes on which smaller dunes of same type form), and complex (combinations of different types). Simple dunes are basic forms with the minimum number of slipfaces that define the geometric type.

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Occurring wherever winds periodically reverse direction, reversing dunes are varieties of any of the above shapes. These dunes typically have major and minor slipfaces oriented in opposite directions. The minor slipfaces are usually temporary, as they appear after a reverse wind and are generally

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The grain size for these well-sorted, very fine to medium sands is about 0.06 to 0.5 mm. Parabolic dunes have loose sand and steep slopes only on their outer flanks. The inner slopes are mostly well packed and anchored by vegetation, as are the corridors between individual dunes. Because all

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The sand mass of dunes can move either windward or leeward, depending on if the wind is making contact with the dune from below or above its apogee. If wind hits from above, the sand particles move leeward; the leeward flux of sand is greater than the windward flux. Conversely, if sand hits from

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dunes have for animals. Further, some animals, such as foxes and feral pigs can use coastal dunes as hunting grounds to find food. Birds are also known to utilize coastal dunes as nesting grounds. All these species find the coastal environment of the sand dune vital to their species' survival.

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Titan's dunes include large expanses with modal lengths of about 20–30 km. The regions are not topographically confined, resembling sand seas. These dunes are interpreted to be longitudinal dunes whose crests are oriented parallel to the dominant wind direction, which generally indicates

988:. The crystals left behind by this process are eroded by the wind and deposited as vast white dune fields that resemble snow-covered landscapes. These types of dune are rare, and only form in closed arid basins that retain the highly soluble gypsum that would otherwise be washed into the sea. 684:

There are many threats to these coastal communities. Some coastal dunes, for example ones in San Francisco, have been completely altered by urbanization; reshaping the dune for human use. This puts native species at risk. Another danger, in California and places in the UK specifically, is the

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Simple parabolic dunes have only one set of arms that trail upwind, behind the leading nose. Compound parabolic dunes are coalesced features with several sets of trailing arms. Complex parabolic dunes include subsidiary superposed or coalesced forms, usually of barchanoid or linear shapes.

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Barchan dunes are crescent-shaped mounds which are generally wider than they are long. The lee-side slipfaces are on the concave sides of the dunes. These dunes form under winds that blow consistently from one direction (unimodal winds). They form separate crescents when the sand supply is

847: 697:, known as European beachgrass, has a similar story, though it has no horticulture benefits. It has great ground coverage and, as intended, stabilized the dunes but as an unintended side effect prevented native species from thriving in those dunes. One such example is the dune field at 5648: 639: 635: 349: 636: 233:

Five basic dune types are recognized: crescentic, linear, star, dome, and parabolic. Dune areas may occur in three forms: simple (isolated dunes of basic type), compound (larger dunes on which smaller dunes of same type form), and complex (combinations of different types).

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In plan view, these are U-shaped or V-shaped mounds of well-sorted, very fine to medium sand with elongated arms that extend upwind behind the central part of the dune. There are slipfaces that often occur on the outer side of the nose and on the outer slopes of the arms.

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Victoria Island Sand Dunes,160 km North West of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Approximately 600 square kilometers, the largest in Canada, third largest in North America and the largest in the Arctic. There are two lakes with direct access to the Dunes from float

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Dunes are made of sand-sized particles, and may consist of quartz, calcium carbonate, snow, gypsum, or other materials. The upwind/upstream/upcurrent side of the dune is called the stoss side; the downflow side is called the lee side. Sand is pushed (creep) or bounces

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grains. These small "incipient dunes or "shadow dunes" tend to grow in the vertical direction if the obstacle slowing the wind can also grow vertically (i.e., vegetation). Coastal dunes expand laterally as a result of lateral growth of coastal plants via seed or

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Star dunes are pyramidal sand mounds with slipfaces on three or more arms that radiate from the high center of the mound. They tend to accumulate in areas with multidirectional wind regimes. Star dunes grow upward rather than laterally. They dominate the

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Abundant barchan dunes may merge into barchanoid ridges, which then grade into linear (or slightly sinuous) transverse dunes, so called because they lie transverse, or across, the wind direction, with the wind blowing perpendicular to the ridge crest.

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Rub' al Khali (Arabian Empty Quarter) sand dunes imaged by Terra (EOS AM-1). Most of these dunes are seif dunes. Their origin from barchans is suggested by the stubby remnant "hooks" seen on many of the dunes. Wind would be from left to

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Seif dunes are associated with bidirectional winds. The long axes and ridges of these dunes extend along the resultant direction of sand movement (hence the name "longitudinal"). Some linear dunes merge to form Y-shaped compound dunes.

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might also slow their movement to a crawl, but geologists are still analyzing results for the optimum fence designs. Preventing sand dunes from overwhelming towns, villages, and agricultural areas has become a priority for the

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Sand threatens buildings and crops in Africa, the Middle East, and China. Drenching sand dunes with oil stops their migration, but this approach uses a valuable resource and is quite destructive to the dunes' animal habitats.

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same beach in the winter may take on more of a concave appearance. As a result, coastal dunes can get eroded much more quickly in the winter than in the summer. The converse is true in areas with harsher summer weather.

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Coastal dunes form when wet sand is deposited along the coast and dries out and is blown along the beach. Dunes form where the beach is wide enough to allow for the accumulation of wind-blown sand, and where prevailing

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below, sand particles move windward. Further, if the wind is carrying sand particles when it hits the dune, the dune's sand particles will saltate more than if the wind had hit the dune without carrying sand particles.

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Dune ecosystems are extremely difficult places for plants to survive. This is due to a number of pressures related to their proximity to the ocean and confinement to growth on sandy substrates. These include:

159:. Artificial dunes are sometimes constructed to protect coastal areas. The dynamic action of wind and water can sometimes cause dunes to drift, which can have serious consequences. For example, the town of 1069:

that is formed when a marine or aeolian sand dune becomes compacted and hardened. Once in this form, water passing through the rock can carry and deposit minerals, which can alter the colour of the rock.

677:, will retreat or erode. To counteract the damage from tropical activity on coastal dunes, short term post-storm efforts can be made by individual agencies through fencing to help with sand accumulation. 5621: 4685:

Claudino-Sales, V; Wang, P; Horwitz, MH (15 March 2008). "Factors controlling the survival of coastal dunes during multiple hurricane impacts in 2004 and 2005: Santa Rosa Barrier Island, Florida".

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Sand dunes can have a negative impact on humans when they encroach on human habitats. Sand dunes move via a few different means, all of them helped along by wind. One way that dunes can move is by

848: 637: 326:, suggested that some seif dunes form when a barchan dune moves into a bidirectional wind regime, and one arm or wing of the crescent elongates. Others suggest that seif dunes are formed by 397: 2802: 412:

Seif dunes are common in the Sahara. They range up to 300 m (980 ft) in height and 300 km (190 mi) in length. In the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula, a vast

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in a unidirectional wind. In the sheltered troughs between highly developed seif dunes, barchans may be formed, because the wind is constrained to be unidirectional by the dunes.

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Blvd, Mailing Address: 111 E. Kellogg; Paul, Suite 105 Saint; Us, MN 55101 Phone: 651-293-0200 This is the general phone line at the Mississippi River Visitor Center Contact.

3832: 514:, or hairpin dunes, and they are well known in coastal deserts. Unlike crescent shaped dunes, their crests point upwind. The bulk of the sand in the dune migrates forward. 5169:

Cardona Florez, Jorge Eduar; Franklin, Erick de Moraes (2016). "The formation and migration of sand ripples in closed conduits: Experiments with turbulent water flows".

691:, were introduced from South Africa in an attempt to stabilize the dunes and provide horticultural benefits, but instead spread taking land away from native species. 1000:, or coppice dune, is a small dune anchored by vegetation. They usually indicate desertification or soil erosion, and serve as nesting and burrow sites for animals. 2623: 551:

word to describe "rolling transverse ridges ... with a hard surface". The dunes are small, have low relief, and can be found in many places across the planet from

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Most parabolic dunes do not reach heights higher than a few tens of metres except at their nose, where vegetation stops or slows the advance of accumulating sand.

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dunes after the Arabic word for "sword". They may be more than 160 kilometres (100 miles) long, and thus easily visible in satellite images (see illustrations).

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By contrast, transverse dunes form with the wind blowing perpendicular to the ridges, and have only one slipface, on the lee side. The stoss side is less steep.

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Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). "The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation".

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Houser, C; Hapke, C; Hamilton, S (15 August 2008). "Controls on coastal dune morphology, shoreline erosion and barrier island response to extreme storms".

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the dune, and deposited on the convex side. Examples in Australia are up to 6.5 km long, 1 km wide, and up to 50 metres high. They also occur in

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Jiang, Hong; Dun, Hongchao; Tong, Ding; Huang, Ning (15 April 2017). "Sand transportation and reverse patterns over leeward face of sand dune".

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Hesp, P. (1989). "A review of biological and geomorphological processes involved in the initiation and development of incipient foredunes".

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or Empty Quarter, contains seif dunes that stretch for almost 200 km (120 mi) and reach heights of over 300 m (980 ft).

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Alvarez, Carlos A.; Franklin, Erick M. (19 October 2018). "Role of Transverse Displacements in the Formation of Subaqueous Barchan Dunes".

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and pipelines. Dunes move downstream as the upstream slope is eroded and the sediment deposited on the downstream or lee slope in typical

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and other sea grasses. These plants are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the foredune, typically having deep roots which reach the

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from the sea carried on strong winds. The dune is well drained and often dry, and composed of calcium carbonate from seashells. Rotting

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Dunes can likely be found in any environment where there is a substantial atmosphere, winds, and dust to be blown. Dunes are common on

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Godfrey, P. J. (1 September 1977). "Climate, plant response and development of dunes on barrier beaches along the U.S. east coast".

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comparatively small. When the sand supply is greater, they may merge into barchanoid ridges, and then transverse dunes (see below).

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Badescu, V.; Cathcart, R. B.; Bolonkin, A. A. (2008). "Sand dune fixation: A solar-powered Sahara seawater pipeline macroproject".

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Seif dunes are linear (or slightly sinuous) dunes with two slip faces. The two slip faces make them sharp-crested. They are called

5554: 4044: 956: 4196: 1111:. When these skipping particles land, they may knock into other particles and cause them to move as well, in a process known as 8016: 3244: 3052: 2498: 2490: 2263: 2130: 5776: 5676:"Grey Cloud Dunes Scientific and Natural Area - Mississippi National River & Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)" 4066:

Radebaugh, Jani; Sharma, Priyanka; Korteniemi, Jarmo; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E. (2014). "Longitudinal Dunes (or Linear Dunes)".

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Dunes on the bed of a channel significantly increase flow resistance, their presence and growth playing a major part in river

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Oval or circular mounds that generally lack a slipface. Dome dunes are rare and occur at the far upwind margins of sand seas.

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These dunes often occur in semiarid areas where the precipitation is retained in the lower parts of the dune and underlying

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Thorny/Spiky seeds to ensure establishment in vicinity of parent, reduces chances of being blown away or swept out to sea (

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bedrock disintegrates to produce an ample supply of loose sand. Subaqueous dunes can form from the action of water flow (

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Miles, J. (1985). "The pedogenic effects of different species and vegetation types and the implications of succession".

3048: 7336: 284:. The largest crescentic dunes on Earth, with mean crest-to-crest widths of more than three kilometres, are in China's 984:

into a low-lying pan within the basin where the water evaporates, depositing the gypsum and forming crystals known as

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west-to-east wind flow. The sand is likely composed of hydrocarbon particles, possibly with some water ice mixed in.

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A type of extensive parabolic dune that lacks discernible slipfaces and has mostly coarse grained sand is known as a

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surfaces than any other type of dune. A group of dunes moved more than 100 metres per year between 1954 and 1959 in

7850: 7814: 7483: 5007: 1053: 155:. In most cases, the dunes are important in protecting the land against potential ravages by storm waves from the 7341: 6633: 6298: 5611:

Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: "Preservationists of Ogden Dunes".

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construction. In the case of sub-aqueous barchan dunes, sediment is lost by their extremities, known as horns.

797:, caused by the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter with nitrate leaching. Coniferous forests and 3854: 1755: 7196: 7123: 7028: 6991: 6179: 5366: 5223: 5126:

Franklin, E. M.; Charru, F. (2011). "Subaqueous barchan dunes in turbulent shear flow. Part 1. Dune motion".

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Some coastal areas have one or more sets of dunes running parallel to the shoreline directly inland from the

209:) up the stoss side, and slides down the lee side. A side of a dune that the sand has slid down is called a 98:, while broad, flat regions covered with wind-swept sand or dunes, with little or no vegetation, are called 7756: 4868:

Morton, RA (1 May 1976). "Effects of Hurricane Eloise on beach and coastal structures, Florida Panhandle".

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smaller dunes, and to form by vertical growth of existing dunes. Draas are widespread in sand seas and are

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Sand hitting sand is more likely to stick; sand hitting a more coherent surface is more likely to bounce (

7843: 7476: 7053: 5960: 3159: 2708: 2277: 2150: 1917: 1904: 1085:, for consolidated and hardened sand dunes is "slickrock", a name that was introduced by pioneers of the 364: 5924: 1018:) dunes form on a bed of sand or gravel under the actions of water flow. They are ubiquitous in natural 8021: 8011: 7885: 7457: 6626: 5528: 2525: 2511: 2223: 2165: 2158: 1082: 5715: 4545:"Lateral vegetation growth rates exert control on coastal foredune "hummockiness" and coalescing time" 3801: 7580: 6607: 6251: 5810:

Peeking Through the Haze: Titan's Surface, part II—The Planetary Society Blog | The Planetary Society

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Franklin, E.M.; Charru, F. (2009). "Morphology and displacement of dunes in a closed-conduit flow".

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layers of stacks of lithified dunes can produce the cross-hatching patterns, such as those seen in

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it moves onshore. As a result, coastal dunes, especially those in the foredune area affected by a

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Alvarez, Carlos A.; Franklin, Erick M. (18 December 2017). "Birth of a subaqueous barchan dune".

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Cross-bedding in lithified aeolian sand dunes preserved as sandstone in Zion National Park, Utah

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Grafals-Soto, Rosana (2012). "Effects of sand fences on coastal dune vegetation distribution".

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These dunes most often form as a continuous 'train' of dunes, showing remarkable similarity in

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to the soil, meaning other, less hardy plants can then colonize the dunes. Typically these are

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according to the Namibian Ministry of Environment & Tourism the highest dune in the world

7429: 6533: 6528: 3930: 2674: 2668: 2565: 2431: 2154: 1538: 1213: 710: 432: 38: 5870: 5745: 5059: 3499: 1123:, dunes may move tens of metres through such sheet flows. Also as in the case of snow, sand 46: 7258: 7211: 7166: 7151: 6554: 6147: 5569: 5397: 5324: 5263: 5188: 5135: 4912: 4877: 4832: 4785: 4694: 4659: 4604: 4501: 4349: 4314: 4276: 4233: 3412: 3279: 3107: 2750: 2548: 2373: 1947: 1687: 1421: 1168:

Dune habitats provide niches for highly specialized plants and animals, including numerous

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of China, the star dunes are up to 500 metres tall and may be the tallest dunes on Earth.

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The modern word "dune" came into English from French around 1790, which in turn came from

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Transverse dunes lie perpendicular to the wind, which moves them forwards, producing the

206: 186: 86:. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a 6151: 5573: 5401: 5328: 5267: 5192: 5139: 4916: 4881: 4836: 4789: 4698: 4663: 4608: 4505: 4353: 4318: 4280: 4237: 7866: 7762: 7662: 7499: 7331: 7318: 7171: 7131: 6842: 6745: 6584: 6538: 6163: 6137: 5595: 5348: 5314: 5287: 5253: 5204: 5178: 5151: 5108: 5090: 5045: 4627: 4592: 4525: 4249: 4176: 4137: 3806: 3301: 3257: 3229: 2766: 2651: 2552: 1635: 1631: 1408: 1330: 1293: 1217: 1173: 1075: 985: 693: 687: 453: 108:. Dunes occur in different shapes and sizes, but most kinds of dunes are longer on the 7796:

How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension

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are superficially similar. These hills appear to have been formed during the last

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has been developed to assess dunes loss and to prevent future dunes destruction.

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Coastal dunes covered in grasses around the mouth of the Liver Å river in Denmark

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franchise, which includes prominent theme of dunes on fictional planets such as

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content and have small, prickly leaves which reduce transpiration. Heather adds

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Nielson, Jamie; Kocurek, Gary (June 1986). "Climbing Zibars of the Algodones".

3903: 3168: 3139: 3092: 3088: 3029: 2943: 2789: 2702: 2647: 2595: 2572: 2391: 1983: 1892: 1777: 1724: 1499: 1469: 1449: 730: 413: 356: 100: 5479:"Herring Cove Beach – Cape Cod National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)" 5147: 4773: 4478: 2604: 1551: 567:

Reversing dune showing short minor slipface atop the major stoss (upwind) face

8000: 7931: 7921: 7741: 7736: 7424: 7407: 7357: 7298: 7273: 7136: 7063: 6735: 6569: 6451: 6411: 6356: 6018: 4854: 4805: 4570: 4561: 4544: 4521: 4467:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences

3356: 3346: 3345:

Dunes are a popular theme in science fiction, featuring in depictions of dry

3234: 3149: 2818: 2804: 2728:

Note: This table is partially based on estimates and incomplete information.

2686: 2422: 2356: 2299: 2285: 2271: 2205: 2095: 2083: 2070: 2044: 1965: 1842: 1838: 1809: 1578: 1518: 1489: 1435: 1279: 1233: 1161: 1108: 1089:

because their steel-rimmed wagon wheels could not gain traction on the rock.

1071: 1062: 929:

Thickened cuticle/Succulence to reduce moisture loss and reduce salt uptake (

758: 596: 404: 317: 197:

A universally precise distinction does not exist between ripples, dunes, and

190: 125: 63: 7600: 5504:"Race Point Beach – Cape Cod National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)" 4924: 4617: 4543:

Goldstein, Evan B.; Moore, Laura J.; Vinent, Orencio Durán (8 August 2017).

109: 7652: 7575: 7558: 7288: 7176: 7048: 7043: 6942: 6932: 6877: 6502: 6313: 5344: 5283: 4636: 4305:

Lancaster, N. (1 March 1988). "The development of large aeolian bedforms".

4002: 3754: 3750: 3636: 3452: 3447: 3361: 3335: 3074: 2978: 2923: 2919: 2561: 2179: 1715: 1698: 1691: 1665: 1569: 1565: 1431: 1352: 1273: 1263: 1253: 1249: 1237: 1169: 1009: 969: 746: 167: 3605: 7770: 7728: 7647: 7543: 7538: 7439: 7253: 7226: 7221: 7101: 7083: 7073: 7068: 7023: 7018: 7008: 6957: 6947: 6670: 6518: 6469: 6436: 6426: 6318: 6196:"Fighting wind erosion. One aspect of the combat against desertification" 6178:. Desert Processes Working Group; Knowledge Sciences, Inc. Archived from 4845: 4820: 4797: 3220: 3194: 2859: 2715: 2535: 2387: 2201: 2019: 1679: 1669: 1654: 1618: 1589: 1399: 1364: 1157: 817: 809: 782: 761:. Also, the deep roots bind the sand together, and the dune grows into a 742: 698: 674: 490: 181: 4905:"Reactionary fence installation for post-Superstorm Sandy dune recovery" 3898: 3678: 3617: 3477:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. 2762: 2502: 2485: 2002: 1131:

of the dunes—that face away from the winds—also move the dunes forward.

112:(upflow) side, where the sand is pushed up the dune, and have a shorter 7962: 7717: 7712: 7630: 7533: 7367: 7303: 7263: 7181: 7106: 6897: 6755: 6559: 6523: 6464: 6391: 6371: 4513: 4418: 4253: 3666: 3295: 3153: 3102: 2879: 2793: 2655: 2585: 2581: 2346: 2247: 2227: 2209: 2194: 2138: 1852: 1702: 1683: 1644: 1513: 1395: 1373: 1369: 1307: 1202: 1136: 1120: 1116: 1034: 1015: 977: 718: 587: 436: 67: 1115:. With slightly stronger winds, particles collide in mid-air, causing 701:. There are now efforts to get rid of both of these invasive species. 456:

of the Sahara. In other deserts, they occur around the margins of the

7967: 7835: 7819: 7722: 7468: 7308: 7268: 7096: 7033: 6952: 6882: 6396: 6386: 6341: 5555:"Holocene history of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Northwestern Alaska" 3442: 3381: 3316: 2770: 2663: 2556: 2543: 2464: 2074: 2050: 1706: 1611: 1445: 1382: 1124: 1066: 919: 813: 798: 248: 129: 6618: 6159: 4245: 4065: 3955: 7895: 7548: 7513: 7236: 7231: 7058: 6973: 6832: 6657: 6492: 6366: 6243: 5319: 5258: 5183: 5095: 3976: 3437: 3427: 3417: 3407: 3390: 3386: 3262: 3248: 3238: 3056: 3010: 2990: 2947: 2521: 2439: 2435: 2313: 2295: 2267: 2237: 2024: 1996: 1987: 1978: 1969: 1846: 1828: 1813: 1802: 1735: 1626: 1588:

Wind ripples on crescent-shaped sand dunes (barchans) in southwest

1574: 1347: 1297: 1128: 1086: 1042: 893:

Plants have evolved many adaptations to cope with these pressures:

837: 766: 762: 750: 481: 457: 79: 58: 6142: 6065: 2515: 27:

Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water

7946: 7936: 7674: 7669: 7657: 7635: 7620: 7528: 7372: 7246: 7091: 6967: 6962: 6872: 6867: 6857: 6777: 6479: 6441: 6376: 6303: 3654: 3366: 3289: 3283: 3270: 3207: 3163: 3070: 2377: 2281: 2099: 2006: 1951: 1938: 1878: 1874: 1856: 1798: 1744: 1503: 1425: 1416: 1412: 1403: 1386: 1324: 1315: 1301: 1027: 968:

In deserts where large amounts of limestone mountains surround a

907: 886:

Erosion/shifting and sometimes burial or exposure (from shifting)

855: 794: 790: 770: 722: 658: 552: 501: 243: 145: 133: 5771:"Mystery of world's tallest sand dunes solved"—24 November 2004— 4774:"Barrier island bistability induced by biophysical interactions" 2149:

Herring Cove, Race Point and The Province Lands bicycle path in

116:

in the lee side. The valley or trough between dunes is called a

7397: 7392: 6927: 6907: 6862: 6847: 6705: 6459: 6406: 6401: 5836:: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co. p. 119. 5833: 4928: 3266: 3083: 2506: 2473: 2327: 2169: 2108: 2078: 2064: 2060: 2015: 1925: 1912: 1887: 1817: 1784: 1593: 1334: 1144:. Planting dunes with vegetation also helps to stabilise them. 997: 981: 548: 493:, and in parts of the western United States, especially Texas. 440: 379:

The average-direction-longitudinal model of seif dune formation

327: 265: 137: 572:

destroyed when the wind next blows in the dominant direction.

7941: 7707: 7278: 7241: 7000: 6902: 6852: 6837: 6827: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6730: 6725: 6675: 4413:. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press. 3394: 3305: 3211: 3181: 3172: 3143: 3134: 3115: 3111: 2618: 2599: 2447:— a sand dunes that allows off-road vehicle use located near 2426: 2034: 1960: 1864: 1794: 1760: 1673: 1639: 1622: 1555: 1542: 1493: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1453: 1439: 1287: 1038:

flow, and thus an indication of the source of the sediments.

1023: 980:, occasional storm runoff transports dissolved limestone and 859: 786: 778: 754: 424: 360: 281: 269: 152: 141: 6049:

Dune Worlds: How Wind-blown Sand Shapes Planetary Landscapes

3956:

F. J. Pettijohn; P. E. Potter; R. Siever (6 December 2012).

1152: 7585: 7523: 7412: 7402: 7377: 6887: 6817: 6760: 6046: 5956:

The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place

3331: 2797: 2589: 2576: 2257: 1719: 1658: 1648: 1532: 1522: 1390: 1377: 1360: 820:, reeds, and rushes. As for vertebrates in European dunes, 643:

Newborough Dune Rejuvenation, Wales; video of work done by

522: 480:

Fixed crescentic dunes that form on the leeward margins of

460:, particularly near topographic barriers. In the southeast 253: 83: 5953:

Lynch, Tom; Glotfelty, Cheryll; Armbruster, Karla (2012).

4593:"Vegetation controls on the maximum size of coastal dunes" 4224:

Warren, A. (December 1971). "Dunes in the Tenere Desert".

4122:(2. impr. ed.). London: UCL Press. pp. 395–396. 3589:. Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano. 2010. Archived from 3110:, a Mediterranean dune area on the southwest coast of the 1022:

such as rivers and estuaries, and also form in engineered

163:, had to be relocated in the 1890s because of dune drift. 6892: 6695: 6487: 4684: 1356: 704: 685:

introduction of invasive species. Plant species, such as

668:

Over the course of time coastal dunes may be impacted by

156: 5952: 5828:

Touponce, William F. (1988). "Intellectual Background".

4890:

10.1130/0091-7613(1976)4<277:EOHEOB>2.0.CO;2

3962:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 346–. 765:

as more sand is blown over the grasses. The grasses add

6127: 3935:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 97–. 220:

gives the speed at which particles can be transported.

5416: 5168: 264:

Some types of crescentic dunes move more quickly over

256:. Dominant wind direction would be from left to right. 4772:

Durán Vinent, Orencio; Moore, Laura (February 2015).

4161:(2. impr. ed.). London: UCL Press. p. 395. 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 2865:

World's tallest stationary dunes and highest in Asia

4542: 3701:(Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1107:, where sand particles skip along the ground like a 725:, brought in by storm waves adds nutrients to allow 367:. The distance between each dune is 1.5–2.5 km. 4649: 4411:

Coasts: an introduction to systematic geomorphology

3949: 1209:, Namibia. Note the trees being engulfed for scale. 926:-not a dune plant but deals with similar pressures) 812:and dunes which have high humus content are called 6198:. Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. Archived from 5553:Mann, D. H.; Heiser, P. A.; Finney, B. P. (2002). 4373: 4371: 3988: 3822: 3726:(2d ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 288–302. 827: 4771: 4377: 4339: 4157:Goudie, Ron Cooke; Andrew Warren; Andrew (1996). 4118:Goudie, Ron Cooke; Andrew Warren; Andrew (1996). 7998: 6066:Anthony J. Parsons, A. D. Abrahams, ed. (2009). 5552: 4059: 3855:"Artificial Sand Dunes and Dunes Rehabilitation" 3760:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English 3556:. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. 1805:, vast area of sand dunes in the Burgas Province 912:Prostrate growth form to avoid wind/salt spray ( 5304: 5243: 5008:"Hottentot Fig Removal & Control | IWS Ltd" 4902: 4597:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4368: 276:, and similar speeds have been recorded in the 5125: 5080: 4903:Charbonneau, B; Wnek, JP (24 September 2018). 4825:Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 4818: 4584: 4266: 3715: 2899:Isaouane-n-Tifernine Sand Sea, Algerian Sahara 7851: 7484: 6634: 6259: 2841:Highest in Peru, second highest in the world 1690:, used as an arena for drag motor sports and 1606:Sunset view dunes in the Alankuda village on 300: 5916: 5391: 4819:Goldstein, Evan B.; Moore, Laura J. (2016). 4378:Sloss, C. R.; Shepherd, M.; Hesp, P (2012). 4300: 4298: 4181:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4142:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 3749: 931:Ambrosia/Abronia spp., Calystegia soldanella 6590:List of rivers that have reversed direction 5699:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4949: 4432:Goldsmith, Victor (1978). "Coastal Dunes". 3928: 3824:"Dutch construct dunes against rising seas" 3697:Allaby, Michael, ed. (2008). "Dune slack". 3156:Australia, largest sand island in the world 2968:Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve 1220:trees and bushes scattered on dunes in the 510:Sometimes these dunes are called U-shaped, 128:, and in other areas where poorly cemented 7858: 7844: 7491: 7477: 6641: 6627: 6266: 6252: 6023:The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes 5821: 4590: 3922: 3799: 3699:A dictionary of geology and earth sciences 2711:sand dunes in Western Australia, Australia 1820:, is the largest known sand dune in Europe 729:to colonize the dune. For example, in the 323:The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes 6141: 5581: 5454:"Sand Dune · 3PF5+CXG, Etalai, Sri Lanka" 5318: 5257: 5182: 5094: 5025: 4844: 4626: 4616: 4560: 4431: 4304: 4295: 4042: 4025: 3886:The intercolonial telegraph line at Eucla 3820: 3745: 3743: 3721: 3311: 2174:The Athabasca Sand Dunes, located in the 597:well-represented in the geological record 252:Isolated barchan dunes on the surface of 6084: 5827: 5716:"Alaska sand dunes hint at ancient past" 4458: 3497: 3473:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Dune ". 3315: 3047: 2722: 2629: 2484: 2129: 2119: 1783: 1771: 1754: 1583: 1227: 1212: 1196: 1151: 1052: 955: 843: 831: 632: 624: 581: 562: 500: 247: 237: 180: 57: 45: 6017: 5922: 5458:Sand Dune · 3PF5+CXG, Etalai, Sri Lanka 4494:International Journal of Biometeorology 4491: 3982: 3787: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3623: 3611: 3472: 3466: 3365:. The environment of the desert planet 2885:Hottest place on Earth (Gandom Beryan) 2634:Coastal dunes at Stockton Beach in the 789:to the soil and is usually replaced by 536:the most consistent in wind direction. 14: 7999: 7865: 7498: 6232:Dune pattern identification, U.S. Army 6222:Loibor Seder Kenya's Biggest Sand Dune 6047:Ralph Lorenz; James Zimbelman (2014). 5885: 5713: 5673: 5221:Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996, 5171:Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 4867: 4719: 4223: 4156: 4117: 3860:. UNET DTU Partnership. 14 June 2018. 3740: 3696: 3563:from the original on 20 September 2017 3245:Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore 3013:Oasis, Taklamakan Desert, Gansu, China 2264:Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore 1482:The Selima Sand Sheet in northwestern 1065:(consolidated) sand dune is a type of 705:Ecological succession on coastal dunes 228: 7839: 7472: 6648: 6622: 6247: 5434:from the original on 18 November 2009 5062:. United States National Park Service 5031: 4043:Mangimeli, John (10 September 2007). 3867:from the original on 17 November 2019 3226:Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area 2409:Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area 1776:50 m (160 ft) tall dune in 6273: 6238:The Bibliography of Aeolian Research 6068:Geomorphology of Desert Environments 5201:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.10.017 4464: 4408: 3835:from the original on 11 January 2022 3821:Rijckaert, Alix (20 November 2009). 3349:appearing as early as the 1956 film 3326:List of extraterrestrial dune fields 3067:Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park 3061:(coastal dunes featuring succession) 3041: 2176:Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park 1727:, red dune complex in southern India 1142:United Nations Environment Programme 1003: 505:Schematic of coastal parabolic dunes 94:. A large dune complex is called a 7777:The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis 5726:from the original on 7 October 2022 5546: 4068:Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms 1901:, now mostly forested dunes, Poland 897:Deep taproot to reach water table ( 781:. These too are adapted to the low 291: 24: 7337:Integrated coastal zone management 6130:Land Degradation & Development 6085:Pye, Kenneth; Tsoar, Haim (2009). 6040: 5891: 5856: 5046:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1985.tb00359.x 4013:from the original on 14 March 2012 3932:Sedimentology: Process and Product 2111:, Big Parabel Dune and dune system 1759:Fronting the Mediterranean Sea in 1092: 1048: 936:Pale leaves to reduce insolation ( 904:Shallow but extensive root systems 602: 558: 82:composed of wind- or water-driven 25: 8038: 6215: 5746:"Tallest Sand Dunes in the World" 5714:Rozell, Ned (22 September 2022). 3334:and in the equatorial regions of 2858:, Alashan Plain, Inner Mongolia, 2739:Height from Sea Level feet/metres 2499:Lençóis Maranhenses National Park 2491:Lençóis Maranhenses National Park 2372:The Killpecker sand dunes of the 2310:Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore 1993:São Jacinto Dunes Natural Reserve 193:helps sand accumulate into dunes. 7599: 7453: 7452: 6990: 6983: 6603: 6602: 5034:European Journal of Soil Science 4745: 4591:Durán, O.; Moore, L. J. (2013). 4576: 4434:Coastal Sedimentary Environments 2480: 2115: 2027:, Veluwe, Netherlands, 7 km 1333:in the southwesternmost part of 1156:Sand blowing off a crest in the 733:these pioneer species are often 620: 611: 547:. The term zibar comes from the 396: 384: 372: 348: 335: 223: 6299:Drainage system (geomorphology) 5977: 5946: 5850: 5803: 5785: 5764: 5738: 5707: 5667: 5636: 5605: 5521: 5496: 5471: 5446: 5424:"Alexandria Coastal Dunefields" 5385: 5373:from the original on 1 May 2018 5359: 5298: 5237: 5215: 5162: 5119: 5074: 5052: 5000: 4974: 4956:Maine Sea Grant College Program 4943: 4896: 4861: 4812: 4765: 4739: 4713: 4678: 4643: 4536: 4485: 4425: 4402: 4333: 4260: 4217: 4204:United States Geological Survey 4189: 4150: 4111: 4092: 4076:10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_460-2 3929:M.R. Leeder (6 December 2012). 3891: 3879: 3847: 3814: 3793: 3690: 2191:Mojave Trails National Monument 2041:Zuid-Kennemerland National Park 1346:, the southwesternmost part of 1147: 991: 951: 828:Coastal dune floral adaptations 439:conditions dominated by sparse 355:Large linear seif dunes in the 30:For the fiction franchise, see 7435:Region of freshwater influence 6309:Strahler number (stream order) 6025:. Courier Dover Publications. 5720:University of Alaska Fairbanks 5410:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.004 5337:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.164503 4707:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.004 4672:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.007 4380:"Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology" 4362:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.030 4047:. U.S.A. National Park Service 3800:McClelland, Mac (March 2015). 3722:Thornbury, William D. (1969). 3629: 3575: 3543: 3517: 3491: 2626:, urban dune in Iquique, Chile 2234:Great Sand Dunes National Park 1975:Northern Littoral Natural Park 1697:Gumuk Pasir Parangkusumo near 1258:Witsand Nature Reserve in the 1078:in the western United States. 870:Little available soil moisture 793:trees, which can tolerate low 13: 1: 8017:Coastal and oceanic landforms 7197:Large-scale coastal behaviour 7029:Beaches in estuaries and bays 6011: 5923:Michaud, Jon (12 July 2013). 5592:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00120-2 4720:Ronica, D (27 October 2008). 3531:. Field Studies Council. 2016 3254:Sandy Island Beach State Park 2705:in New South Wales, Australia 2683:in South Australia, Australia 2677:in South Australia, Australia 2671:in South Australia, Australia 2532:Medanos de Coro National Park 2353:Monahans Sandhills State Park 2254:Little Sahara Recreation Area 1246:Alexandria Coastal Dunefields 713:occurs. The conditions on an 590:, Namibia, is over 300m high. 5105:10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.065 4327:10.1016/0037-0738(88)90090-5 4289:10.1016/0037-0738(86)90078-3 3369:(also known as Dune) in the 2922:, Namibia / Near Walvis Bay 2736:Height from Base feet/metres 2031:Dunes of Texel National Park 2012:De Hoge Veluwe National Park 1788:Sand dunes of Lemnos, Greece 1763:, Valencian Community, Spain 1344:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park 1312:Namib-Naukluft National Park 1207:Namib-Naukluft National Park 836:Sand dunes of Hyypänmäki in 496: 176: 7: 6176:"Summary: Dunes, Parabolic" 6087:Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes 5961:University of Georgia Press 5900:. SciFi.com. Archived from 4442:10.1007/978-1-4684-0056-4_5 3757:(1984). Sykes, J.B. (ed.). 3724:Principles of geomorphology 3400: 3160:Indiana Dunes National Park 2890:Average Highest Area Dunes 2278:Indiana Dunes National Park 2151:Provincetown, Massachusetts 1187: 964:, New Mexico, United States 475: 365:International Space Station 10: 8043: 7886:Coastal sediment transport 5562:Quaternary Science Reviews 5276:10.1103/PhysRevE.96.062906 5128:Journal of Fluid Mechanics 5012:Invasive Weed Solutions UK 4752:Smithsonian Marine Station 4384:Nature Education Knowledge 3498:Pavlovic, Noel B. (2005). 3323: 2641: 2512:Jericoacoara National Park 2345:, on the central coast of 2224:Death Valley National Park 2166:Kobuk Valley National Park 2159:Cape Cod National Seashore 2090:- Curonian Spit, Lithuania 1096: 1081:A slang term, used in the 1007: 301:Seif or longitudinal dunes 241: 29: 7976: 7955: 7914: 7873: 7807: 7757:D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson 7700: 7608: 7597: 7506: 7448: 7350: 7317: 7122: 7082: 6999: 6981: 6656: 6598: 6547: 6511: 6478: 6450: 6332: 6281: 5894:"Classic Sci-Fi Reviews: 5148:10.1017/S0022112011000139 4479:10.1017/S0269727000010927 2973:Highest in North America 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2609:Valdivian Coastal Reserve 2384:Jockey's Ridge State Park 2244:White Sands National Park 1767: 1647:in the Central Desert of 1192: 974:White Sands National Park 962:White Sands National Park 753:compounds, and protected 198: 7142:Coastal biogeomorphology 6105:"Nouakchott, Mauritania" 5797:2 September 2009 at the 5060:"Geology of White Sands" 4562:10.5194/esurf-5-417-2017 4226:The Geographical Journal 4197:"USGS Landform Glossary" 3888:, accessed 1 April 2007. 3763:(7th ed.). Oxford: 3459: 3204:Morfa Harlech sand dunes 2714:Te Paki sand dunes near 2689:in Queensland, Australia 2681:Coffin Bay National Park 2489:White sand dunes in the 2419:Bruneau Dunes State Park 2399:Cape Henlopen State Park 2397:The Great Dune found in 2284:, on the south shore of 2220:Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes 2216:Eureka Valley Sand Dunes 2164:Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, 2155:US National Park Service 1749:Central Yakutian Lowland 1321:Chad Basin National Park 1182:Biodiversity Action Plan 577: 161:Eucla, Western Australia 6422:River channel migration 5779:26 October 2008 at the 5644:The South Shore Journal 5613:The South Shore Journal 5307:Physical Review Letters 4618:10.1073/pnas.1307580110 4045:"Geology of Sand Dunes" 3504:Encyclopedia of Chicago 2415:, on the Pacific Coast. 2363:Beaver Dunes State Park 2298:, on the east shore of 2292:Warren Dunes State Park 2270:, on the east shore of 1884:Słowiński National Park 1827:, in the south west of 1600: 1577:'s Shifting Sands near 1300:toward the border with 1282:, a desert part of the 1178:sand dune stabilization 938:Artemisia/Ambrosia spp. 808:Young dunes are called 805:for sand dune systems. 709:As a dune forms, plant 699:Point Reyes, California 645:Natural Resources Wales 467: 446: 7039:Coastal morphodynamics 6352:Bar (river morphology) 6109:NASA Earth Observatory 5865:. Culturevulture.net ( 4549:Earth Surface Dynamics 4007:U.S. Geological Survey 3321: 3312:Extraterrestrial dunes 3059: 2638: 2494: 2445:Silver Lake State Park 2343:Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes 2141: 2135:Cadiz Dunes Wilderness 2127: 2125:Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes 1789: 1781: 1764: 1597: 1270:De Hoop Nature Reserve 1241: 1225: 1210: 1165: 1058: 965: 862: 841: 824:sometimes breed here. 648: 630: 591: 568: 506: 316:Formation is debated. 257: 194: 136:processes) on sand or 71: 70:, United Arab Emirates 55: 37:. For other uses, see 7591:Widmanstätten pattern 7430:Physical oceanography 6534:Erosion and tectonics 6529:Degradation (geology) 5815:28 April 2007 at the 5792:Big Mama highest dune 5601:on 19 September 2015. 5428:UNESCO World Heritage 4925:10.31223/osf.io/ntjsc 4778:Nature Climate Change 4722:"How sand dunes work" 3379:in turn inspired the 3319: 3051: 2953:Highest in Australia 2775:Highest in the world 2723:World's highest dunes 2675:Lincoln National Park 2669:Coorong National Park 2633: 2566:Buenos Aires Province 2488: 2470:Nogahabara Sand Dunes 2432:Hoffmaster State Park 2133: 2123: 1787: 1775: 1758: 1587: 1508:The coastal dunes of 1329:The coastal dunes of 1231: 1216: 1200: 1155: 1056: 959: 853: 835: 642: 628: 585: 566: 504: 251: 238:Barchan or crescentic 189:). This exacerbating 184: 61: 49: 39:Dune (disambiguation) 7259:Submergent coastline 7212:Marine transgression 7167:Discordant coastline 7152:Concordant coastline 6555:Deposition (geology) 6282:Large-scale features 6115:on 30 September 2006 5624:on 13 September 2012 4846:10.1002/2015JF003783 4798:10.1038/nclimate2474 4436:. pp. 171–235. 4159:Desert geomorphology 4120:Desert geomorphology 3280:North Denmark Region 3108:Circeo National Park 2761:Bolsón de Fiambalá, 2751:Duna Federico Kirbus 2624:Cerro Dragón (Chile) 2549:Duna Federico Kirbus 1948:North Denmark Region 1905:Sand dunes of Lemnos 1688:United Arab Emirates 1657:in the Southeast of 1422:Grand Erg Occidental 960:Gypsum dune fields, 945:Ambrosia chamissonis 854:Sea dune erosion at 7825:Mathematics and art 7815:Pattern recognition 7785:Aristid Lindenmayer 7363:Coastal engineering 6152:2008LDeDe..19..676B 5985:"Star Wars is Dune" 5649:"Account Suspended" 5618:"Account Suspended" 5574:2002QSRv...21..709M 5402:2012Geomo.145...45G 5329:2018PhRvL.121p4503A 5268:2017PhRvE..96f2906A 5224:Sedimentary Geology 5193:2016ETFS...71...95C 5140:2011JFM...675..199F 4917:2018EaArX....NTJSCC 4882:1976Geo.....4..277M 4837:2016JGRF..121..964G 4790:2015NatCC...5..158D 4699:2008Geomo..95..295C 4664:2008Geomo.100..223H 4609:2013PNAS..11017217D 4603:(43): 17217–17222. 4506:1977IJBm...21..203G 4354:2017Geomo.283...41J 4319:1988SedG...55...69L 4307:Sedimentary Geology 4281:1986SedG...48....1N 4269:Sedimentary Geology 4238:1971GeogJ.137..458W 4009:. 29 October 1997. 3909:Dictionary.com, LLC 3802:"Slip Sliding Away" 3475:Glossary of geology 3187:Murlough Sand Dunes 3121:Cronulla sand dunes 3053:Sleeping Bear Dunes 2993:, Aquitaine, France 2856:Badain Jaran Desert 2846:Badain Jaran Dunes 2814: / 2729: 2693:Cronulla sand dunes 2337:Brawley, California 1608:Kalpitiya peninsula 1268:The white dunes of 1127:, falling down the 875:soil organic matter 462:Badain Jaran Desert 229:Aeolian dune shapes 148:, and the sea-bed. 50:Dune fields in the 7867:Sediment transport 7763:On Growth and Form 7663:Logarithmic spiral 7500:Patterns in nature 7332:Coastal management 7172:Emergent coastline 6843:Intertidal wetland 6746:Continental margin 6585:Sediment transport 6539:River rejuvenation 6512:Regional processes 6227:Coastal Sand Dunes 6182:on 21 October 2010 5892:Hladik, Tamara I. 5396:. 145–146: 45–55. 4962:on 5 December 2018 4952:"Seasonal changes" 4909:Eartharxiv ePrints 4514:10.1007/BF01552874 4409:Bird, ECF (1976). 3959:Sand and Sandstone 3899:"Dune—Define Dune" 3322: 3302:Ynyslas Sand Dunes 3258:Richland, New York 3230:North Bend, Oregon 3060: 2996:Highest in Europe 2918:Sossusvlei Dunes, 2902:Highest in Africa 2767:Catamarca Province 2727: 2652:Northern Territory 2650:sand dunes in the 2639: 2594:Cerro Medanoso in 2553:Catamarca Province 2514:, in the state of 2495: 2493:, Maranhão, Brazil 2463:Grey Cloud Dunes- 2322:, in the state of 2142: 2128: 1957:Dunes of Corrubedo 1790: 1782: 1765: 1668:Sand Dunes in the 1636:Tottori Prefecture 1632:Tottori Sand Dunes 1598: 1548:Grand Erg de Bilma 1541:, in southeastern 1409:Grand Erg Oriental 1331:Iona National Park 1294:Danakil Depression 1242: 1226: 1211: 1174:endangered species 1166: 1076:Zion National Park 1059: 966: 916:., Beach Primrose) 863: 842: 803:climax communities 694:Ammophila arenaria 688:Carpobrotus edulis 649: 631: 592: 569: 507: 454:Grand Erg Oriental 258: 195: 72: 62:Sand dunes of the 56: 8022:Coastal geography 8012:Aeolian landforms 7994: 7993: 7906:Bed material load 7891:Fluvial processes 7833: 7832: 7790:Benoît Mandelbrot 7690:Self-organization 7626:Natural selection 7616:Pattern formation 7466: 7465: 7294:Wave-cut platform 7207:Marine regression 6751:Continental shelf 6741:Coastal waterfall 6650:Coastal geography 6616: 6615: 6417:River bifurcation 6096:978-3-540-85909-3 6077:978-1-4020-5718-2 6058:978-3-540-89724-8 6032:978-0-486-14119-0 5995:on 8 October 2006 5869:). Archived from 5843:978-0-8057-7514-3 5752:. 9 December 2020 5655:on 1 January 2016 5246:Physical Review E 5083:Powder Technology 4988:. 6 February 2018 4950:Maine Sea Grant. 4451:978-1-4684-0058-8 4168:978-1-85728-017-3 4129:978-1-85728-017-3 4085:978-1-4614-9213-9 4070:. pp. 1–11. 3969:978-1-4615-9974-6 3942:978-94-009-5986-6 3774:978-0-19-861132-5 3614:, "Dune complex". 3583:"The dune system" 3529:Biology fieldwork 3423:List of landforms 3413:Devil's stovepipe 3320:Sand dune on Mars 3276:Thy National Park 3217:Newborough Warren 3042:Sand dune systems 3039: 3038: 3035:Highest in Chile 2870:Rig-e Yalan Dune 2830:Cerro Blanco Dune 2819:14.868°S 74.838°W 2636:City of Newcastle 2534:near the town of 2306:Grand Sable Dunes 2057:Ammothines Lemnou 2001:Rëra e Hedhur in 1944:Thy National Park 1909:Lesbos Prefecture 1899:Starczynów Desert 1825:Dunes of Piscinas 1732:Taklamakan Desert 1730:The dunes of the 1617:The dunes in the 1539:Tin Toumma Desert 1529:Mourdi Depression 1527:The dunes of the 1498:The dunes of the 1488:The dunes of the 1476:and southwestern 1292:The dunes of the 1284:Great Rift Valley 1278:The dunes of the 1232:Sand dune in the 1224:in Namibia (2017) 1205:, in the greater 1180:. In the U.K., a 1164:, California, USA 1004:Sub-aqueous dunes 976:in south-central 924:Monterrey Cypress 899:Pink Sand Verbena 873:Little available 851: 670:tropical cyclones 640: 286:Taklamakan Desert 52:Australian desert 16:(Redirected from 8034: 7881:Armored mud ball 7860: 7853: 7846: 7837: 7836: 7641:Sexual selection 7603: 7493: 7486: 7479: 7470: 7469: 7456: 7455: 7217:Raised shoreline 7192:Ingression coast 7187:Graded shoreline 7162:Cuspate foreland 6994: 6987: 6938:Submarine canyon 6798:Freshwater marsh 6643: 6636: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6606: 6605: 6347:Avulsion (river) 6275:River morphology 6268: 6261: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6171: 6145: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6111:. Archived from 6100: 6081: 6062: 6036: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5991:. Archived from 5981: 5975: 5974: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5904:on 20 April 2008 5889: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5867:Internet Archive 5861:Forbidden Planet 5854: 5848: 5847: 5825: 5819: 5807: 5801: 5789: 5783: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5698: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5651:. Archived from 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5620:. Archived from 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5594:. Archived from 5585: 5559: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5322: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5261: 5241: 5235: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5186: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5098: 5089:(1–2): 247–251. 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4958:. Archived from 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4927:. Archived from 4900: 4894: 4893: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4848: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4693:(3–4): 295–315. 4682: 4676: 4675: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4630: 4620: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4574: 4564: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4180: 4172: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4141: 4133: 4115: 4109: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4040: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4003:"Types of Dunes" 3999: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3826: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3747: 3738: 3737: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3593:on 25 March 2023 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3562: 3555: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3470: 3352:Forbidden Planet 3298:, Devon, England 3199:Northern Ireland 3080:Ashdod Sand Dune 2907:Big Daddy/Dune 7 2838: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2824:-14.868; -74.838 2820: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2730: 2726: 2571:Cerro Blanco in 2501:in the state of 2413:Florence, Oregon 2376:in southwestern 2367:Beaver, Oklahoma 2320:Samalayuca Dunes 1935:Northern Jutland 1712:Mui Ne, Vietnam. 1531:in northeastern 1502:in northwestern 1472:in southeastern 1462:in southeastern 1460:Rebiana Sand Sea 1438:in southwestern 1411:in northeastern 1385:in southwestern 1372:in southeastern 1286:in northwestern 889:Tidal influences 877:/nutrients/water 852: 822:natterjack toads 717:are harsh, with 641: 400: 388: 376: 363:, seen from the 352: 339: 292:Transverse dunes 274:Ningxia Province 21: 8042: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8031: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7972: 7951: 7927:Glacial outwash 7910: 7869: 7864: 7834: 7829: 7803: 7696: 7604: 7595: 7502: 7497: 7467: 7462: 7444: 7420:Intertidal zone 7346: 7313: 7202:Longshore drift 7147:Coastal erosion 7118: 7078: 7014:Beach evolution 6995: 6989: 6988: 6979: 6666:Anchialine pool 6652: 6647: 6617: 6612: 6594: 6575:Helicoidal flow 6543: 6507: 6474: 6446: 6362:Channel pattern 6334:Alluvial rivers 6328: 6324:River sinuosity 6277: 6272: 6236: 6218: 6205: 6203: 6202:on 25 July 2011 6194: 6185: 6183: 6174: 6160:10.1002/ldr.864 6118: 6116: 6103: 6097: 6078: 6059: 6043: 6041:Further reading 6033: 6014: 6009: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5963:. p. 230. 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5890: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5855: 5851: 5844: 5826: 5822: 5817:Wayback Machine 5808: 5804: 5799:Wayback Machine 5790: 5786: 5781:Wayback Machine 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5712: 5708: 5692: 5691: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5647: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5598: 5583:10.1.1.419.8948 5557: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5303: 5299: 5242: 5238: 5220: 5216: 5167: 5163: 5124: 5120: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4948: 4944: 4934: 4932: 4931:on 30 July 2020 4901: 4897: 4866: 4862: 4817: 4813: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4748:"Dune Habitats" 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4714: 4683: 4679: 4658:(3–4): 223–40. 4648: 4644: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4541: 4537: 4490: 4486: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4430: 4426: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4369: 4338: 4334: 4303: 4296: 4265: 4261: 4246:10.2307/1797141 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4155: 4151: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4116: 4112: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4041: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4001: 4000: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3819: 3815: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3765:Clarendon Press 3748: 3741: 3734: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3637:"Erg Landforms" 3635: 3634: 3630: 3626:, "Dune field". 3622: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3403: 3328: 3314: 3131:Crymlyn Burrows 3044: 3001:Ming-Sha Dunes 2970:, Colorado, USA 2908: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2725: 2697:New South Wales 2660:South Australia 2644: 2615:Dunas de Concón 2483: 2459:Carcross, Yukon 2455:Carcross Desert 2449:Mears, Michigan 2403:Lewes, Delaware 2333:Algodones Dunes 2153:as part of the 2118: 2088:Vecekrugas Dune 1871:Winterton Dunes 1861:Gower Peninsula 1835:Sands of Forvie 1812:, not far from 1770: 1740:Northwest China 1672:, particularly 1603: 1510:Bazaruto Island 1376:extending into 1355:in the city of 1310:in the greater 1296:, northeastern 1260:Kalahari Desert 1222:Kalahari Desert 1195: 1190: 1150: 1101: 1099:Desertification 1095: 1093:Desertification 1051: 1049:Lithified dunes 1012: 1006: 994: 954: 844: 830: 727:pioneer species 707: 633: 623: 614: 605: 603:Dune complexity 580: 561: 559:Reversing dunes 499: 478: 470: 449: 427:hills known as 408: 401: 392: 389: 380: 377: 368: 353: 344: 340: 303: 294: 246: 240: 231: 226: 218:Bagnold formula 213:(or slipface). 179: 126:glacial outwash 66:to the east of 42: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8040: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7918: 7916: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7901:Suspended load 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7863: 7862: 7855: 7848: 7840: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7811: 7809: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7787: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7754: 7752:Wilson Bentley 7749: 7747:Joseph Plateau 7744: 7739: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7685:Plateau's laws 7682: 7680:Fluid dynamics 7677: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7496: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7323: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7109: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6711:Brackish marsh 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6691:Barrier island 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6662: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6646: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6623: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6580:Playfair's law 6577: 6572: 6567: 6565:Exner equation 6562: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6503:Current ripple 6500: 6495: 6490: 6484: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6432:Slip-off slope 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6382:Meander cutoff 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6294:Drainage basin 6291: 6289:Alluvial plain 6285: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6271: 6270: 6263: 6256: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6217: 6216:External links 6214: 6213: 6212: 6192: 6172: 6136:(6): 676–691. 6125: 6101: 6095: 6082: 6076: 6063: 6057: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6037: 6031: 6019:Bagnold, Ralph 6013: 6010: 6007: 6006: 5976: 5969: 5945: 5933:The New Yorker 5915: 5884: 5849: 5842: 5820: 5802: 5784: 5763: 5737: 5706: 5666: 5635: 5604: 5568:(4): 709–731. 5545: 5520: 5495: 5470: 5445: 5415: 5384: 5358: 5313:(16): 164503. 5297: 5236: 5214: 5161: 5118: 5073: 5051: 5040:(4): 571–584. 5024: 4999: 4973: 4942: 4895: 4860: 4831:(5): 964–977. 4811: 4784:(2): 158–162. 4764: 4738: 4712: 4677: 4642: 4583: 4555:(3): 417–427. 4535: 4500:(3): 203–216. 4484: 4457: 4450: 4424: 4401: 4367: 4332: 4313:(1–2): 69–89. 4294: 4259: 4232:(4): 458–461. 4216: 4188: 4167: 4149: 4128: 4110: 4091: 4084: 4058: 4024: 3987: 3975: 3968: 3948: 3941: 3921: 3904:Dictionary.com 3890: 3878: 3846: 3813: 3792: 3780: 3773: 3739: 3732: 3714: 3707: 3689: 3687:, "Slip face". 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641:WorldLandForms 3628: 3616: 3604: 3574: 3551:"Dune systems" 3542: 3516: 3490: 3483: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3359:'s 1965 novel 3347:Desert planets 3313: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3273: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3201: 3184: 3178:Margam burrows 3175: 3169:Kenfig Burrows 3166: 3157: 3147: 3140:Dawlish Warren 3137: 3128: 3118: 3105: 3096: 3093:Northumberland 3089:Bamburgh Dunes 3086: 3077: 3063: 3062: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3030:Atacama Desert 3027: 3024: 3021: 3020:Medanoso Dune 3017: 3016: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2994: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2944:Moreton Island 2941: 2938: 2935: 2934:Mount Tempest 2931: 2930: 2927: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2882:, Kerman, Iran 2877: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2790:Nazca Province 2787: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2773: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2712: 2706: 2703:Stockton Beach 2700: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2648:Simpson Desert 2643: 2640: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2612: 2602: 2596:Atacama Region 2592: 2579: 2573:Nazca Province 2569: 2559: 2546: 2529: 2519: 2509: 2482: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2461: 2452: 2442: 2429: 2416: 2406: 2395: 2392:North Carolina 2381: 2370: 2360: 2350: 2340: 2330: 2317: 2303: 2289: 2275: 2261: 2251: 2241: 2231: 2213: 2198: 2183: 2172: 2162: 2147: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2067: 2054: 2048: 2038: 2028: 2025:Kootwijkerzand 2022: 2009: 1999: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1941: 1928: 1915: 1902: 1896: 1893:Siedlec Desert 1890: 1881: 1868: 1850: 1832: 1821: 1806: 1795:Dunes of Dyuni 1778:Salir do Porto 1769: 1766: 1753: 1752: 1742: 1728: 1722: 1713: 1710: 1695: 1677: 1662: 1652: 1642: 1629: 1615: 1602: 1599: 1582: 1581: 1572: 1558: 1554:, in northern 1545: 1535: 1525: 1519:Erg du Djourab 1516: 1506: 1500:Lompoul Desert 1496: 1486: 1480: 1470:Great Sand Sea 1466: 1456: 1450:Canary Islands 1442: 1428: 1419: 1406: 1393: 1380: 1367: 1350: 1337: 1327: 1318: 1304: 1290: 1276: 1266: 1256: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1149: 1146: 1097:Main article: 1094: 1091: 1050: 1047: 1008:Main article: 1005: 1002: 993: 990: 953: 950: 949: 948: 941: 934: 927: 917: 910: 905: 902: 891: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 871: 829: 826: 739:sea wort grass 731:United Kingdom 706: 703: 622: 619: 613: 610: 604: 601: 579: 576: 560: 557: 498: 495: 477: 474: 469: 466: 448: 445: 410: 409: 402: 395: 393: 390: 383: 381: 378: 371: 369: 357:Great Sand Sea 354: 347: 345: 341: 334: 302: 299: 293: 290: 278:Western Desert 242:Main article: 239: 236: 230: 227: 225: 222: 178: 175: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8039: 8028: 8027:Sedimentology 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8002: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7954: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932:Braided river 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7922:Glacial flour 7920: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7861: 7856: 7854: 7849: 7847: 7842: 7841: 7838: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742:Ernst Haeckel 7740: 7738: 7737:Adolf Zeising 7735: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7607: 7602: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7581:Vortex street 7579: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7559:Quasicrystals 7557: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7471: 7459: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7425:Littoral zone 7423: 7421: 7418: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7358:Bulkhead line 7356: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7299:Wave shoaling 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7274:Surge channel 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137:Cliffed coast 7135: 7133: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7121: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7064:Shingle beach 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6993: 6986: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6736:Coastal plain 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6621: 6609: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6560:Water erosion 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6452:Bedrock river 6449: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412:Riparian zone 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6357:Braided river 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6269: 6264: 6262: 6257: 6255: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6239: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6044: 6034: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6015: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5972: 5970:9780820343679 5966: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5949: 5934: 5930: 5928: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5888: 5873:on 7 May 2006 5872: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5857:Wright, Les. 5853: 5845: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5830:Frank Herbert 5824: 5818: 5814: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5773:New Scientist 5767: 5751: 5750:Surf the Sand 5747: 5741: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5639: 5623: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5394:Geomorphology 5388: 5372: 5368: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5252:(6): 062906. 5251: 5247: 5240: 5234: 5233:0-7167-2726-9 5230: 5227:, pg. 45–49, 5226: 5225: 5218: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5061: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4876:(5): 277–80. 4875: 4871: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4727: 4726:HowStuffWorks 4723: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687:Geomorphology 4681: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4652:Geomorphology 4646: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4579: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4372: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4342:Geomorphology 4336: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4299: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4275:(1–2): 1–15. 4274: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4184: 4178: 4170: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4107:1 877058 32 7 4104: 4100: 4099:Twidale, C.R. 4095: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3979: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3863: 3856: 3850: 3834: 3830: 3829:The Telegraph 3825: 3817: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3735: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3710: 3708:9780199653065 3704: 3700: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3675:, "Sand sea". 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3608: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3505: 3501: 3500:"Dune system" 3494: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3465: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3358: 3357:Frank Herbert 3354: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3236: 3235:Penhale Sands 3233: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3150:Fraser Island 3148: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3099:Bradley Beach 3097: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2898: 2896:≈6,500/1,980? 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780:Cerro Blanco 2779: 2778: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2731: 2718:, New Zealand 2717: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2687:Fraser Island 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2637: 2632: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2481:South America 2475: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2423:Owyhee Desert 2420: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357:Odessa, Texas 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300:Lake Michigan 2297: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286:Lake Michigan 2283: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2272:Lake Michigan 2269: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206:Mojave Desert 2203: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2122: 2116:North America 2110: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2096:Oleshky Sands 2094: 2089: 2085: 2084:Parnidis Dune 2082: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2071:Curonian Spit 2069:Dunes of the 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053:, Netherlands 2052: 2049: 2047:, Netherlands 2046: 2045:North Holland 2042: 2039: 2037:, Netherlands 2036: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1984:Dune of Salir 1982: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1966:Cresmina Dune 1964: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843:Aberdeenshire 1840: 1839:Ythan Estuary 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1810:Dune of Pilat 1807: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1779: 1774: 1762: 1757: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1734:in southwest 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1579:Olduvai Gorge 1576: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560:The dunes of 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1537:The dunes of 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490:Bayuda Desert 1487: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448:dunes in the 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1436:Idehan Murzuq 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415:and southern 1414: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389:and northern 1388: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1306:The dunes of 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280:Suguta Valley 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1234:Libyan Desert 1230: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1162:Mojave Desert 1159: 1154: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119:. In a major 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109:bouncing ball 1106: 1100: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1014:Sub-aqueous ( 1011: 1001: 999: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 972:, such as at 971: 963: 958: 946: 942: 939: 935: 932: 928: 925: 922:growth form ( 921: 918: 915: 911: 909: 906: 903: 900: 896: 895: 894: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 861: 857: 839: 834: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759:transpiration 756: 752: 749:that produce 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 702: 700: 696: 695: 690: 689: 682: 678: 676: 671: 666: 662: 660: 655: 654:onshore winds 646: 627: 621:Coastal dunes 618: 612:Dune movement 609: 600: 598: 589: 586:Dune Nine in 584: 575: 573: 565: 556: 554: 550: 546: 541: 537: 533: 529: 526: 524: 519: 515: 513: 503: 494: 492: 488: 483: 473: 465: 463: 459: 455: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 418:Rub' al Khali 416:, called the 415: 406: 405:cross-bedding 399: 394: 387: 382: 375: 370: 366: 362: 359:in southwest 358: 351: 346: 338: 333: 332: 331: 329: 325: 324: 319: 318:Ralph Bagnold 314: 310: 308: 298: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 262: 255: 250: 245: 235: 224:Aeolian dunes 221: 219: 214: 212: 208: 202: 200: 192: 191:feedback loop 188: 183: 174: 172: 169: 164: 162: 158: 154: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 69: 65: 64:Empty Quarter 60: 53: 48: 44: 40: 36: 34: 19: 7985: 7794: 7775: 7761: 7727: 7653:Chaos theory 7576:Tessellation 7518: 7289:Volcanic arc 7177:Feeder bluff 7084:River mouths 7049:Raised beach 7044:Pocket beach 6972: 6943:Tidal island 6933:Strand plain 6878:Natural arch 6765: 6497: 6314:River valley 6204:. 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Retrieved 3591:the original 3587:Restoconlife 3586: 3577: 3565:. Retrieved 3545: 3533:. Retrieved 3528: 3525:"Sand dunes" 3519: 3507:. Retrieved 3503: 3493: 3474: 3468: 3453:Strand plain 3448:Singing sand 3380: 3376: 3371: 3360: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3329: 3075:Saskatchewan 2979:Dune of Pyla 2964:≈8,950/2,730 2924:Namib Desert 2920:Namib Desert 2909:(Big Mama?) 2852:≈6,640/2,020 2786:≈6,791/2,080 2783:≈3,860/1,176 2758:≈9,334/2,845 2755:≈4,035/1,230 2562:Villa Gesell 2540:Falcón State 2180:Saskatchewan 1931:Råbjerg mile 1859:, is on the 1853:Oxwich Dunes 1716:Wahiba Sands 1699:Parangtritis 1692:Sandboarding 1666:Ilocos Norte 1570:Burkina Faso 1566:Sahel Region 1521:in northern 1492:in northern 1432:Idehan Ubari 1402:in southern 1359:in northern 1353:La Dune Rose 1323:in northern 1274:South Africa 1264:South Africa 1254:South Africa 1250:Eastern Cape 1238:Dakhla Oasis 1170:rare species 1167: 1148:Conservation 1133: 1102: 1083:southwest US 1080: 1072:Cross-bedded 1060: 1040: 1032: 1013: 1010:Ripple marks 995: 992:Nabkha dunes 970:closed basin 967: 952:Gypsum dunes 944: 937: 930: 913: 892: 864: 810:yellow dunes 807: 747:root 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3026:≈5446/1,660 3007:5,660/1,725 2961:>750/230 2950:, Australia 2860:Gobi Desert 2822: / 2716:Cape Reinga 2699:, Australia 2605:Colún Beach 2568:, Argentina 2472:in western 2388:Outer Banks 2202:Kelso Dunes 2187:Cadiz Dunes 2020:Netherlands 1920:Sand Dune, 1837:within the 1680:Moreeb Dune 1676:Sand Dunes. 1670:Philippines 1619:Thar Desert 1590:Afghanistan 1568:, northern 1424:in western 1400:Erg Chigaga 1365:Niger River 1340:Khawa dunes 1158:Kelso Dunes 1137:Sand fences 1117:sheet flows 914:Abronia spp 880:Harsh winds 818:yellow iris 801:are common 757:, reducing 743:water table 715:embryo dune 675:storm surge 491:West Africa 407:shown here. 88:dune system 35:(franchise) 8001:Categories 7963:Soil creep 7718:Empedocles 7713:Pythagoras 7631:Camouflage 7569:in biology 7564:in flowers 7534:Parastichy 7368:Grain size 7342:Submersion 7319:Management 7304:Wind fetch 7264:Surf break 7182:Flat coast 7112:regressive 6898:Salt marsh 6756:Coral reef 6570:Hack's law 6524:Base level 6465:Knickpoint 6392:Oxbow lake 6372:Floodplain 6012:References 5756:9 December 5438:11 January 5377:11 January 5320:1810.11074 5259:1712.07162 5184:1608.04792 5177:: 95–102. 5096:1608.07729 5066:20 January 4986:The Source 4966:4 December 4935:4 December 4757:4 December 4731:4 December 4419:B004750SVK 4394:15 January 4051:15 January 3871:15 January 3839:15 January 3790:, "Dune ". 3733:0471861979 3646:13 October 3597:15 January 3567:15 January 3535:15 January 3509:15 January 3484:0922152349 3324:See also: 3296:Woolacombe 3154:Queensland 3114:region of 3103:New Jersey 2958:Star Dune 2915:≈1,870/570 2893:1,410/430? 2880:Lut Desert 2876:≈3,117/950 2873:≈1,542/470 2849:≈1,640/500 2828: ( 2809:74°50′17″W 2806:14°52′05″S 2794:Ica Region 2656:Queensland 2586:Ica Region 2582:Huacachina 2374:Red Desert 2347:California 2248:New Mexico 2228:California 2210:California 2195:California 2139:California 1780:, Portugal 1703:Yogyakarta 1684:Liwa Oasis 1645:Rig-e Jenn 1514:Mozambique 1396:Erg Chebbi 1374:Mauritania 1370:Erg Aoukar 1308:Sossusvlei 1240:at sunset. 1218:Camelthorn 1203:Sossusvlei 1201:A dune in 1125:avalanches 1121:dust storm 1035:wavelength 1016:underwater 978:New Mexico 883:Salt spray 814:grey dunes 791:coniferous 783:soil water 719:salt spray 711:succession 588:Sossusvlei 437:permafrost 118:dune slack 96:dune field 68:Liwa Oasis 7968:Landslide 7956:Hillslope 7820:Emergence 7723:Fibonacci 7327:Accretion 7309:Wind wave 7269:Surf zone 7124:Processes 7097:Mouth bar 7054:Recession 7034:Beachrock 6953:Tide pool 6883:Peninsula 6771:cliff-top 6658:Landforms 6548:Mechanics 6397:Point bar 6387:Mouth bar 6342:Anabranch 6206:4 January 6186:6 October 6168:128961228 6143:0707.3234 6021:(2012) . 5999:1 October 5578:CiteSeerX 5367:"Ripples" 5209:119268350 4855:2169-9011 4806:1758-6798 4746:Hill, K. 4571:2196-6311 4522:0020-7128 4348:: 41–47. 4209:3 October 4177:cite book 4138:cite book 3985:, "Draa". 3443:Sand wave 3382:Star Wars 3374:franchise 3292:, England 3241:, England 3191:Newcastle 3146:, England 3095:, England 3023:≈1805/550 2926:, Namibia 2912:1,256/383 2771:Argentina 2664:Australia 2557:Argentina 2544:Venezuela 2465:Minnesota 2386:– on the 2324:Chihuahua 2308:, in the 2075:Lithuania 2051:Berkheide 1841:complex, 1707:Indonesia 1701:beach in 1655:Rig-e Lut 1612:Sri Lanka 1446:Corralejo 1383:Erg Chech 1363:near the 1248:, in the 1172:and some 1105:saltation 1067:sandstone 1063:lithified 920:Krummholz 840:, Finland 799:heathland 497:Parabolic 458:sand seas 211:slip face 207:saltation 187:saltation 177:Formation 146:estuaries 130:sandstone 114:slip face 106:sand seas 18:Sand dune 7896:Bed load 7549:Symmetry 7507:Patterns 7458:Category 7284:Undertow 7237:Sea foam 7232:Sea cave 7132:Blowhole 6974:Windwatt 6833:Headland 6681:Avulsion 6608:Category 6493:Antidune 6480:Bedforms 6367:Cut bank 6119:28 April 5929:Endures" 5908:20 April 5813:Archived 5795:Archived 5777:Archived 5724:Archived 5695:cite web 5685:21 April 5432:Archived 5371:Archived 5353:53231618 5345:30387641 5292:25558699 5284:29347350 5156:51792324 5113:93576651 4637:24101481 4530:85391018 4011:Archived 3862:Archived 3833:Archived 3663:, "Erg". 3558:Archived 3438:Sandhill 3428:Masseira 3418:Ice dune 3408:Antidune 3401:See also 3391:Geonosis 3387:Tatooine 3263:Studland 3249:Michigan 3239:Cornwall 3057:Michigan 3011:Dunhuang 2991:Arcachon 2986:≈699/130 2983:≈345/105 2948:Brisbane 2940:≈920/280 2937:≈920/280 2763:Fiambalá 2742:Location 2709:Lancelin 2611:in Chile 2528:, Brazil 2522:Genipabu 2518:, Brazil 2503:Maranhão 2440:Michigan 2436:Muskegon 2314:Michigan 2296:Michigan 2268:Michigan 2238:Colorado 2003:Shëngjin 1997:Portugal 1988:Portugal 1979:Portugal 1970:Portugal 1918:Akrotiri 1895:, Poland 1847:Scotland 1829:Sardinia 1814:Bordeaux 1803:Bulgaria 1751:, Russia 1745:Tukulans 1736:Xinjiang 1627:Pakistan 1575:Tanzania 1434:and the 1348:Botswana 1298:Ethiopia 1188:Examples 1129:slipface 1087:Old West 1043:flooding 1020:channels 986:selenite 908:Rhizomes 838:Hailuoto 767:nitrogen 763:foredune 751:nitrogen 487:southern 476:Lunettes 328:vortices 140:beds of 80:landform 7978:Aeolian 7947:Drumlin 7937:Moraine 7915:Glacial 7808:Related 7675:Crystal 7670:Physics 7658:Fractal 7636:Mimicry 7621:Biology 7529:Meander 7408:shingle 7388:granule 7373:boulder 7351:Related 7247:peresyp 7157:Current 7092:Debouch 7001:Beaches 6968:Waituna 6963:Tombolo 6873:Mudflat 6868:Machair 6858:Isthmus 6778:Estuary 6721:Channel 6442:Thalweg 6377:Meander 6304:Estuary 6148:Bibcode 5863:(1956)" 5730:27 July 5628:11 June 5570:Bibcode 5538:29 July 5513:29 July 5488:29 July 5398:Bibcode 5325:Bibcode 5264:Bibcode 5189:Bibcode 5136:Bibcode 4913:Bibcode 4878:Bibcode 4870:Geology 4833:Bibcode 4786:Bibcode 4695:Bibcode 4660:Bibcode 4628:3808624 4605:Bibcode 4502:Bibcode 4390:(10): 2 4350:Bibcode 4315:Bibcode 4277:Bibcode 4254:1797141 4234:Bibcode 4017:8 March 3807:Audubon 3433:Médanos 3367:Arrakis 3290:Norfolk 3284:Denmark 3271:England 3228:, near 3208:Gwynedd 3195:Co Down 3164:Indiana 3071:Alberta 3032:, Chile 2989:Bay of 2862:, China 2642:Oceania 2378:Wyoming 2282:Indiana 2204:in the 2189:in the 2157:of the 2146:planes. 2105:Ullahau 2100:Ukraine 2007:Albania 1952:Denmark 1939:Denmark 1922:Lemesos 1879:England 1875:Norfolk 1857:Swansea 1855:, near 1831:island. 1799:Pomorie 1797:, near 1747:of the 1564:in the 1550:in the 1504:Senegal 1426:Algeria 1417:Tunisia 1413:Algeria 1404:Morocco 1387:Algeria 1342:in the 1325:Nigeria 1316:Namibia 1302:Eritrea 1160:of the 1028:bedform 856:Talacre 795:soil pH 771:heather 723:seaweed 659:rhizome 553:Wyoming 512:blowout 433:ice age 423:Linear 244:barchan 134:fluvial 7701:People 7609:Causes 7398:pebble 7393:gravel 7383:cobble 6928:Strait 6908:Skerry 6863:Lagoon 6848:Island 6803:Fundus 6706:Bodden 6460:Canyon 6407:Rapids 6402:Riffle 6166: 6093: 6074: 6055: 6029: 5967: 5840: 5834:Boston 5580: 5351: 5343: 5290: 5282: 5231: 5207: 5154: 5111: 5017:9 June 4992:9 June 4853: 4804: 4635: 4625: 4569: 4528: 4520: 4448: 4417: 4252: 4165: 4126: 4105: 4082: 3966: 3939: 3771: 3730: 3705: 3481: 3393:, and 3267:Dorset 3084:Israel 2745:Notes 2507:Brazil 2474:Alaska 2328:Mexico 2170:Alaska 2109:Sweden 2079:Russia 2065:Greece 2061:Lemnos 2016:Veluwe 1926:Cyprus 1913:Greece 1888:Poland 1818:France 1768:Europe 1594:Sistan 1552:Ténéré 1335:Angola 1193:Africa 1024:canals 998:nabkha 982:gypsum 779:gorses 775:heaths 647:; 2015 549:Arabic 482:playas 441:tundra 435:under 343:right. 266:desert 142:rivers 138:gravel 8007:Dunes 7942:Esker 7874:Water 7708:Plato 7514:Crack 7279:Swash 7242:Shoal 6923:Stack 6913:Sound 6903:Shoal 6853:Islet 6838:Inlet 6828:Hapua 6793:Fjord 6788:Fjard 6783:Firth 6731:Coast 6726:Cliff 6701:Bight 6676:Atoll 6164:S2CID 6138:arXiv 5877:7 May 5646:, 3. 5615:, 1. 5599:(PDF) 5558:(PDF) 5349:S2CID 5315:arXiv 5288:S2CID 5254:arXiv 5205:S2CID 5179:arXiv 5152:S2CID 5109:S2CID 5091:arXiv 4526:S2CID 4250:JSTOR 4200:(PDF) 3914:1 May 3865:(PDF) 3858:(PDF) 3561:(PDF) 3554:(PDF) 3460:Notes 3395:Jakku 3336:Titan 3306:Wales 3212:Wales 3182:Wales 3173:Wales 3144:Devon 3135:Wales 3116:Italy 3112:Lazio 2619:Chile 2600:Chile 2538:, in 2526:Natal 2516:Ceará 2457:near 2427:Idaho 2411:near 2365:near 2355:near 2335:near 2035:Texel 1961:Spain 1865:Wales 1761:Oliva 1674:Paoay 1640:Japan 1623:India 1562:Oursi 1556:Niger 1543:Niger 1494:Sudan 1484:Sudan 1478:Egypt 1474:Libya 1464:Libya 1454:Spain 1440:Libya 1288:Kenya 1236:near 1113:creep 860:Wales 787:humus 755:stoma 578:Draas 545:zibar 523:soils 429:pahas 425:loess 361:Egypt 320:, in 282:Egypt 270:China 199:draas 153:beach 110:stoss 90:or a 78:is a 7986:Dune 7586:Wave 7524:Foam 7519:Dune 7413:silt 7403:sand 7378:clay 7107:mega 6918:Spit 6888:Reef 6818:Gulf 6766:Dune 6761:Cove 6716:Cape 6686:Ayre 6498:Dune 6208:2011 6188:2010 6121:2006 6091:ISBN 6072:ISBN 6053:ISBN 6027:ISBN 6001:2006 5965:ISBN 5940:2013 5927:Dune 5910:2008 5896:Dune 5879:2006 5838:ISBN 5758:2020 5732:2024 5701:link 5687:2023 5661:2015 5630:2012 5540:2018 5515:2018 5490:2018 5465:2024 5440:2010 5379:2018 5341:PMID 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