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operating a motor vehicle or guiding an animal drawn vehicle on a highway shall pass to the left when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to the right when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same direction, and, when turning to the right in going from one highway into another, every vehicle shall be conducted to the left of the center of the intersection of the highways."
180:
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United States of
America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. By virtue of this proclamation the Philippine flag was inverted to signify that the Philippines was officially in a state of war. The (war) flag remained as the official flag until the formal dissolution of the Second Philippines Republic.
186:
183:
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Prioritizing the shortages of food, he organized an agency to distribute rice, even though most of the rice was confiscated by
Japanese soldiers. Manila was one of the many places in the country that suffered from severe shortages, due mainly to a typhoon that struck the country in November 1943. The
852:
On
December 13, 1943, a version of the Philippine flag with no markings on the sun was adopted as the Second Republic's flag through Executive Order 17. On September 23, 1944 at 10:00 in the morning, President Laurel proclaimed that a state of war existed between the Philippine Republic and both the
1198:
The conference and the formal declaration adhered to on
November 6 was little more than a propaganda gesture designed to rally regional support for the next stage of the war, outlining the ideals of which it was fought. However, the Conference marked a turning point in Japanese foreign policy and
1508:
Section 60 of the
Revised Motor Vehicle Law, Act No. 3992 "Drive on Left Side of Road. — Unless a different cause of action is required in the interest of the safety and security of life, person, or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance herewith, every person
732:
for the "Association for
Service to the New Philippines") — was formed by Proclamation No. 109 of the Philippine Executive Commission, a piece of legislation passed on December 8, 1942, banning all existing political parties and creating the new governing alliance. Its first director-general was
2823:
1211:. It was also the start of efforts to create a framework that would allow for some form of diplomatic compromise should the military solution fail altogether. However these moves came too late to save the Empire, which surrendered to the Allies less than two years after the conference.
1207:) and an increasing awareness of the limitations to Japanese military strength led the Japanese civilian leadership to realize that a framework based on cooperation, rather than colonial domination, would enable a greater mobilization of manpower and resources against the resurgent
2816:
1343:
Love for labor was encouraged, as seen by the massive labor recruitment programs by the KALIBAPI by mid-1943. Propagation of both
Filipino and Japanese cultures were conducted. Schools were reopened, which had an overall number of 300,000 students at its peak.
1294:" of the 1, 5 and 10 Pesos while 1944 ushered in a 100 Peso note and soon after an inflationary 500 Pesos note. In 1945, the Japanese issued a 1,000 Pesos note. This set of new money, which was printed even before the war, became known in the Philippines as
2809:
178:
1263:
provided the necessary labor that allowed
Filipino farmers to grow rice and other staples. Japanese army patrols would slaughter the carabaos for meat, thereby preventing the farmers from growing enough rice to feed the large population. Before
179:
2022:
2026:
1340:
to be the national language of the
Philippines. To this end, a pared-down, 1,000-word version of the language was promoted to be learned rapidly by those not yet versed in the language.
2928:
806:
Preparatory
Commission for Independence Chairman Jose P. Laurel addresses a public gathering; youths march to celebrate the signing of a draft constitution in the Philippines.
1663:
Preparatory Commission for Independence Chairman Jose P. Laurel addresses a public gathering; youths march to celebrate the signing of a draft constitution in the Philippines
1256:
rice, which was first used in Taiwan. Horai rice was expected to make the Philippines self-sufficient in rice by 1943, but rains during 1942 prevented this from happening.
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which featured an anthropomorphic sun, during the inauguration. This was the first time since the Japanese occupation that the flag was displayed and the anthem played.
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584:
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1958:
2195:
1380:, the government of the Second Republic evacuated Manila to Baguio. The republic was formally dissolved by Laurel in Tokyo on August 17, 1945 - two days after the
5749:
5352:
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360:
689:, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942, and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the
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On the same day, a Pact of Alliance was signed between the new Republic and the Japanese government that was ratified two days later by the National Assembly.
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Three days after establishing the National Assembly, its inaugural session was held at the pre-war Legislative Building and it elected by majority
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refused this option and chose to make the Philippines a republic instead. During his first visit to the Philippines on May 6, 1943, Prime Minister
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due to its very low value caused by severe inflation. Anti-Japanese newspapers portrayed stories of going to the market laden with suitcases or "
979:
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900:
489:
435:
7283:
788:, presented its draft Constitution on September 4, 1943, and three days later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the draft Constitution.
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pesos. Inflation plagued the country with the devaluation of the Japanese money, evidenced by a 60% inflation experienced in January 1944.
784:
was formed by the Preparatory Commission for Independence, consisting of 20 members from the KALIBAPI. The Preparatory Commission, led by
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104:
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3319:
3171:
3159:
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1268:, an estimated three million carabaos inhabited the Philippines. By the end of the war, an estimated nearly 70% of them had been lost.
1058:
7404:
6032:
4422:
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3752:
3451:
3311:
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2257:
2012:
Hartendorp, A. (1958) History of Industry and Trade of the Philippines, Manila: American Chamber of Commerce on the Philippines, Inc.
1376:. On September 23, 1944, the Republic officially declared war against the United States and United Kingdom. Following the return of
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Before the formation of the Preparatory Commission, the Japanese gave an option to put the Philippines under the dictatorship of
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The first issue in 1942 consisted of denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1, 5, and 10 Pesos. The next year brought "
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During his term in office, Laurel was faced with various problems that the country was experiencing, such as the following:
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3283:
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830:, who was inaugurated on October 14, 1943, at the foundation of the Republic, the Legislative Building. Former President
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6091:
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5359:
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3791:
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1930:
1896:
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990:
939:
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1685:
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6552:
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918:
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6811:
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6406:
6365:
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6196:
5583:
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4690:
4194:
4123:
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589:
124:
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7339:
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7010:
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1920:
1886:
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210:
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3202:
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330:
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Laurel attempted to show that the independence of the republic was genuine by rectifying these problems.
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501:
1519:
Vellut, J. L. (March 1964). "Foreign Relations of the Second Republic of the Philippines, 1943–1945".
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leaf strips) overflowing with the Japanese-issued bills. In 1944, a box of matches cost more than 100
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1955:
American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance on Mindanao During the Japanese Occupation, 1942–1945
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799:, the legislature of the country, with fifty-four governors and city mayors as ex-officio members.
507:
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2543:
2500:
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839:
110:
1167:
was an international summit held in Tokyo from November 5 to 6, 1943, in which Japan hosted the
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4158:
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1208:
161:
1738:
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7231:
7074:
6970:
6940:
6896:
6636:
6601:
6594:
6517:
6415:
5856:
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5291:
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323:
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741:, which saw the Japanese as the saviors of the archipelago, was absorbed into the KALIBAPI.
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7187:
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6691:
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1252:. The Japanese, in order to raise rice production in the country, brought a quick-maturing
996:
715:
690:
2080:
8:
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7102:
7058:
6580:
5714:
5480:
5007:
4837:
4821:
4770:
4168:
4080:
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2602:
2515:
2443:
2367:
1357:
1179:. The Conference addressed few issues of substance, but was intended from the start as a
1135:
1119:
1047:
823:
734:
313:
232:
The Philippines (dark red) within the Empire of Japan (light red) at its furthest extent
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7201:
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7033:
6873:
6538:
6422:
6316:
6267:
6205:
5961:
5912:
5721:
5345:
5000:
4798:
4208:
3930:
2377:
1536:
1401:
1381:
1295:
471:
421:
391:
284:
279:
1361:
7434:
7318:
7208:
7148:
7109:
7042:
7024:
6990:
6933:
6887:
6831:
6656:
6394:
6386:
6323:
6176:
5770:
5302:
4763:
4742:
4452:
4148:
3025:
2672:
2203:
2150:
1974:
1926:
1892:
1829:
1793:
1559:
By Sword and Fire: The Destruction of Manila in World War II, 3 February-3 March 1945
1478:
924:
289:
74:
2252:
1131:
907:
785:
7353:
7346:
7290:
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6608:
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6496:
6309:
6162:
6109:
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5870:
5784:
5014:
4991:
4524:
4118:
4013:
3013:
2360:
2347:
2312:
1528:
1470:
1462:
1337:
1095:
831:
762:
729:
671:
379:
274:
57:
40:
4533:
2146:
Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1
7376:
7088:
7003:
6961:
6859:
6802:
6670:
6452:
6443:
5972:
5554:
5530:
4784:
4138:
4133:
4113:
4095:
3747:
3655:
3650:
2833:
2714:
2414:
1962:
1787:
1613:
1204:
1184:
1123:
962:
835:
810:
750:
686:
310:
245:
7488:
1013:
765:
promised to return independence to the Philippines as part of its propaganda of
7383:
6919:
6845:
4897:
4756:
2976:
2592:
2535:
2269:
1953:
1709:"Reflections on Agoncillo's "Revolt of the Masses" and the Politics of History"
1103:
1087:
1064:
697:
349:
1532:
795:
and cities elected from among themselves fifty-four members of the Philippine
7524:
7194:
5119:
4968:
4807:
2284:
2235:
1248:
people were forced to cultivate private plots which produced root crops like
1168:
1107:
1030:
791:
By September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI's representative groups in the country's
307:
802:
7493:
7297:
5597:
5502:
5133:
4496:
4260:
2837:
2637:
2397:
2230:
1888:
The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia
1720:
1415:
1265:
1188:
1115:
945:
766:
675:
445:
320:
241:
7132:
7118:
6780:
5456:
5277:
5262:
4616:
3249:
3207:
2402:
2221:
1986:
1982:
1200:
1192:
738:
648:
627:
1826:
Changing Visions of East Asia, 1943–93: Transformations and Continuities
1540:
1191:
ideal and to emphasize its role as the "liberator" of Asia from Western
6487:
6240:
6219:
5112:
4445:
4373:
3218:
1849:
1180:
1639:
1332:
Japanese soldiers posting instructive posters on the Japanese language
6750:
6155:
5952:
5763:
5561:
5516:
2988:
2904:
2856:
2652:
2612:
2607:
2438:
1199:
relations with other Asian nations. The defeat of Japanese forces on
1139:
1111:
682:
5037:
1708:
5021:
4749:
2480:
2428:
2289:
1438:
1249:
1127:
754:
719:
316:
1304:
1260:
2049:
Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin
5631:
4229:
1789:
The Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present
1313:
1099:
678:
260:
255:
5819:
4163:
3980:
2453:
1235:
Japanese control of transportation, media, and communications
1232:
Heavy Japanese military presence throughout the entire region
16:
1943 state during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines
1965:. M.S. Thesis. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
1573:
The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance
2832:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
1667:
1372:
On September 21, 1944, Laurel placed the Republic under
757:
to help bolster their propaganda movement. However, the
1684:. Presidential Museum and Library. 2015. Archived from
1444:
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
1229:
Shortages of food, clothing, oil, and other necessities
4891:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1098:(center) with heads of Japan-supported regimes (L–R):
1502:
1221:
Home front during World War II § The Philippines
718:, with Vargas as its first chairman in January 1942.
2149:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 776.
1591:
Kasaysayan: History of the Filipino People, Volume 7
1391:
1818:
1816:
1863:
1763:. Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from
1737:. Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from
778:Preparatory Committee for Philippine Independence
7522:
2107:. Philippine Diary Project – via Facebook.
2023:"Constitution of the Second Philippine Republic"
1575:, International Publishers Co, 1992, pp. 113–114
865:
1813:
1158:
1076:
814:Aguinaldo's flag which was briefly used as the
2333:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
2205:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
1761:"Understanding the Second Philippine Republic"
1670:. September 29, 1943 – via Getty Images.
1152:
66:
7586:States and territories disestablished in 1945
4245:
3234:
2817:
2189:
1869:
1638:. Manuel L. Quezon III, et al. Archived from
1286:Japanese issued money – Philippines 500 Pesos
974:Minister of Agriculture and Natural Resources
725:Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
723:
709:
202:"Hymn to the Creation of the New Philippines"
159:
139:
49:
32:
2104:DIARY OF JUAN LABRADOR, O.P. OCTOBER 1, 1944
1585:
1583:
1581:
991:Minister of Health, Labor and Public Welfare
828:President of the Republic of the Philippines
651:established on October 14, 1943, during the
957:Minister of Public Works and Communications
826:as its first Speaker and José P. Laurel as
7581:States and territories established in 1943
7551:Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan
4252:
4238:
3241:
3227:
2824:
2810:
2196:
2182:
2117:
1552:
1550:
1278:Japanese government-issued Philippine Peso
655:until its dissolution on August 17, 1945.
490:Japanese government–issued Philippine peso
226:
3555:
2060:
2054:
1700:
1578:
776:This prompted the KALIBAPI to create the
3248:
2953:Reorganized National Government of China
2065:. Garotech Publishing. pp. 217–218.
2002:. Anvil Publishing, Inc. pp. 22–25.
1981:, 1986, R.P. Garcia Publishing Company,
1792:. Oxford University Press. p. 211.
1351:
1327:
1302:" (native bags made of woven coconut or
1281:
1175:. The event was also referred to as the
1086:
809:
801:
1885:Howe, Christopher (December 15, 1999).
1628:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1547:
7561:Former countries in Philippine history
7523:
6099:
6077:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3198:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
2905:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
2138:
2136:
2047:Robert B. Kaplan, Richard B. Baldauf,
1997:
1991:
1918:
1912:
1785:
1518:
1434:Japanese occupation of the Philippines
1429:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1347:
1173:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
645:Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic
6948:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
6380:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
6026:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
5982:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5087:Rape during the occupation of Germany
4233:
3222:
2805:
2177:
1823:
1706:
1556:
711:Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas
7546:Client states of the Empire of Japan
6070:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5102:Rape during the liberation of France
2989:Provisional Government of Free India
1884:
1597:
1171:of various component members of the
1140:Provisional Government of Free India
818:flag of the Second Republic in 1943.
665:Japanese invasion of the Philippines
196:Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas
2511:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
2142:
2133:
1850:"World War 2 Database: Philippines"
1636:"The Philippine Presidency Project"
13:
6296:German invasion of the Netherlands
4576:Weather events during World War II
2893:South Chahar Autonomous Government
2881:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
1521:Journal of Southeast Asian History
1134:(Second Philippine Republic), and
753:, whom the Japanese returned from
653:Japanese occupation of the islands
14:
7602:
6927:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2265:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1735:"Executive Order No. 17, s. 1943"
1364:being taken into U.S. custody at
1271:
1242:
685:", and left it under the rule of
7487:
4259:
4214:
4213:
4202:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2869:East Hebei Autonomous Government
2862:
2850:
2361:Russian Liberation People's Army
2063:Introduction to Filipino History
2000:Looking Back 3: Death by Garrote
1408:
1394:
919:Speaker of the National Assembly
607:
582:
403:Speaker of the National Assembly
216:
176:
142:Kapayapaan, Kalayaan, Katarungan
117:
103:
7536:1945 disestablishments in Japan
2929:Provisional Government of China
2373:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
2111:
2095:
2069:
2041:
2015:
2006:
1968:
1946:
1891:. University of Chicago Press.
1878:
1842:
1779:
1753:
1727:
1674:
842:, the same one used during the
759:Philippine Executive Commission
744:
706:Philippine Executive Commission
702:Commonwealth of the Philippines
700:decreed the dissolution of the
603:Commonwealth of the Philippines
590:Philippine Executive Commission
7174:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
4884:Territorial changes of Germany
4792:Indonesian National Revolution
1979:History of the Filipino People
1654:
1565:
1512:
1456:
1312:pesos. In 1945, a kilogram of
1183:show piece, to illustrate the
1094:in November 1943, Japanese PM
1:
6574:Japanese invasion of Thailand
6525:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6289:German invasion of Luxembourg
4670:Mediterranean and Middle East
2917:Shanghai Great Way Government
2434:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1977:& Guerrero, Milagros C.,
1495:
658:
538:
521:
7531:1943 establishments in Japan
6481:Invasion of the Soviet Union
6170:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
5488:Independent State of Croatia
3708:Business process outsourcing
3203:Greater East Asia Conference
2941:Reformed Government of China
1682:"Second Philippine Republic"
1323:
1148:Greater East Asia Conference
1092:Greater East Asia Conference
1083:Greater East Asia Conference
1077:Greater East Asia Conference
542:
529:
7:
7571:Philippines in World War II
7465:End of World War II in Asia
7305:Western invasion of Germany
6812:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
6789:Second Battle of El Alamein
6359:Hundred Regiments Offensive
6331:Battle of the Mediterranean
6184:Italian invasion of Albania
4358:Air warfare of World War II
3002:Republic of the Philippines
2275:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
2061:Agoncillo, Teodoro (1974).
1922:Philippine History' 2004 Ed
1612:. Angelfire. Archived from
1424:Emergency circulating notes
1387:
1159:
1059:Minister of Foreign Affairs
856:
641:Republic of the Philippines
534:
525:
25:Republic of the Philippines
10:
7607:
7576:Second Philippine Republic
7391:Naval bombardment of Japan
6759:First Battle of El Alamein
6678:Battle of Christmas Island
6623:Japanese invasion of Burma
6387:Italian invasion of Greece
6303:German invasion of Belgium
6275:German invasion of Denmark
6248:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
6117:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
4381:Comparative military ranks
3062:Occupied Dutch East Indies
2464:First Indian National Army
1378:American-led Allied forces
1356:President Laurel, Speaker
1275:
1218:
1214:
1120:Republic of China, Nanjing
1080:
882:
877:
872:
861:
637:Second Philippine Republic
7480:
7312:Bratislava–Brno offensive
7252:
7243:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
6980:
6867:Allied invasion of Sicily
6821:
6727:Aleutian Islands campaign
6699:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
6646:
6637:Greek famine of 1941–1944
6532:Second Battle of Changsha
6437:German invasion of Greece
6405:
6282:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
6257:
6195:
6090:
5971:
5697:
5607:
5455:
5158:
5149:
4907:
4732:
4624:North and Central Pacific
4585:
4347:
4340:
4267:
4185:
4104:
3989:
3823:
3814:
3693:
3684:
3500:
3491:
3373:
3364:
3297:
3266:
3257:
3193:
2844:
2533:
2413:
2229:
2219:
2215:
1719:(3): 500–501 – via
1533:10.1017/S0217781100002246
1482:
1153:
934:
889:
868:
623:
561:
551:
514:
496:
485:
481:
468:
455:
451:
441:
431:
427:
415:
411:
401:
397:
385:
373:
369:
359:
355:
343:
339:
329:
303:
267:
251:
237:
225:
208:
201:
169:
153:
148:"Peace, Freedom, Justice"
133:
99:
94:
67:
23:
6904:Allied invasion of Italy
6881:Solomon Islands campaign
6630:Third Battle of Changsha
6227:First Battle of Changsha
6133:Second Sino-Japanese War
5073:German military brothels
4939:United States war crimes
3612:House of Representatives
3505:Administrative divisions
3172:Occupied Solomon Islands
3160:Occupied Gilbert Islands
3050:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
2383:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2328:National Republican Army
2323:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2248:Albanian Fascist Militia
1961:October 5, 2015, at the
1707:Ileto, Reynaldo (2011).
1593:. Reader's Digest. 1990.
1557:Aluit, Alphonso (1994).
1449:
901:Minister of Home Affairs
295:Other regional languages
7326:Second Guangxi campaign
7181:Philippines (1944–1945)
6685:Battle of the Coral Sea
6588:Fall of the Philippines
6234:Battle of South Guangxi
6140:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
5546:Italian Social Republic
3099:Occupied British Borneo
2501:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2491:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2476:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
2424:Burma Independence Army
2356:Russian Liberation Army
2318:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
2280:Belarusian Home Defence
2244:Albanian collaborators
2051:, Springer, 2003, p. 72
1998:Ocampo, Ambeth (2010).
1952:Schmidt, L. S. (1982).
1786:Gordon, Andrew (2003).
844:Philippine–American War
7566:Military dictatorships
6911:Armistice of Cassibile
6713:Battle of Dutch Harbor
6664:Battle of the Java Sea
6567:Attack on Pearl Harbor
6467:Syria–Lebanon campaign
6460:Battle of South Shanxi
6430:Invasion of Yugoslavia
6213:Battle of the Atlantic
5827:Korean Liberation Army
5540:(until September 1943)
5497:(until September 1944)
5475:(until September 1944)
4209:Philippines portal
3753:Science and technology
2486:Malayan Volunteer Army
2352:Russian collaborators
2300:Finnish Defence Forces
2143:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004).
1919:Halili, M. C. (2004).
1870:Joaquin, Nick (1990).
1475:República de Filipinas
1474:
1467:Repúbliká ng Pilipinas
1466:
1369:
1333:
1287:
1187:'s commitments to the
1143:
819:
807:
724:
710:
643:and also known as the
170:"Spirit of the Nation"
160:
140:
51:República de Filipinas
50:
34:Repúbliká ng Pilipinas
33:
7075:Second Battle of Guam
6971:Bengal famine of 1943
6941:Second Battle of Kiev
6897:Battle of the Dnieper
6602:Battle of Wake Island
6474:East African campaign
6416:Battle of South Henan
6061:atrocities by Germans
5834:Korean Volunteer Army
4815:Occupation of Germany
4569:Music in World War II
4164:Sport and martial art
3580:Executive departments
3074:Occupied West Sumatra
2506:Russian Fascist Party
2295:Croatian Armed Forces
2120:"PROCLAMATION NO. 30"
2077:"PROCLAMATION NO. 29"
1975:Agoncillo, Teodoro A.
1824:Smith, Ralph (1975).
1355:
1336:The Japanese allowed
1331:
1285:
1090:
1008:Minister of Education
903:(concurrent capacity)
813:
805:
324:military dictatorship
268:Common languages
7361:Surrender of Germany
6839:Battle of West Hubei
6796:Guadalcanal campaign
6766:Battle of Stalingrad
6692:Battle of Madagascar
5466:Albania protectorate
5253:(formerly Swaziland)
4962:Wehrmacht war crimes
4778:Expulsion of Germans
4562:Art and World War II
4460:British contribution
4409:Governments in exile
4029:Fashion and clothing
3870:Environmental issues
3797:Water and sanitation
3634:Regional Trial Court
3479:World Heritage Sites
3038:Kingdom of Kampuchea
2471:Inner Mongolian Army
2459:Indian National Army
2343:Royal Hungarian Army
2338:Romanian Land Forces
1571:William J. Pomeroy,
997:Emiliano Tria Tirona
780:on June 19, 1943. A
716:caretaker government
704:and established the
691:Battle of Corregidor
472:Proclaimed dissolved
7591:Totalitarian states
7451:Potsdam Declaration
7340:Italy (Spring 1945)
7103:Liberation of Paris
6560:Siege of Sevastopol
5578:(until August 1944)
5481:Wang Jingwei regime
5303:from September 1943
5263:from September 1944
5201:from September 1944
5061:Romanian war crimes
5052:Persecution of Jews
5038:Croatian war crimes
5008:Japanese war crimes
4822:Occupation of Japan
4771:First Indochina War
4483:Military production
4395:Declarations of war
4019:Cultural properties
3785:Tourist attractions
3332:Japanese occupation
3184:Occupied New Guinea
2965:Kingdom of Thailand
2516:Takasago Volunteers
2444:Gando Special Force
2368:Security Battalions
2083:on January 27, 2013
2029:on October 18, 2010
1616:on December 3, 2007
1348:End of the Republic
1136:Subhas Chandra Bose
1048:Antonio de las Alas
1042:Minister of Finance
1025:Minister of Justice
940:Executive Secretary
771:Asia for the Asians
735:Benigno Aquino, Sr.
7444:Surrender of Japan
7277:Battle of Iwo Jima
7126:Belgrade offensive
6539:Siege of Leningrad
6423:Battle of Shanggao
6352:British Somaliland
6317:Dunkirk evacuation
6268:Norwegian campaign
6206:Invasion of Poland
6033:Japanese prisoners
5001:Italian war crimes
4932:British war crimes
4847:Soviet occupations
4631:South-West Pacific
4518:Allied cooperation
4476:Military equipment
4034:Historical markers
3892:Indigenous peoples
3768:Telecommunications
3542:Political families
3383:Biosphere reserves
3124:Occupied Singapore
3112:Occupied Hong Kong
2378:Slovene Home Guard
1874:. Vera-Reyes, Inc.
1402:Philippines portal
1382:Surrender of Japan
1370:
1334:
1296:Mickey Mouse money
1288:
1144:
820:
808:
782:draft constitution
422:Benigno Aquino Sr.
392:Tomoyuki Yamashita
7518:
7517:
7476:
7475:
7319:Battle of Okinawa
7218:Burma (1944–1945)
7052:Mariana and Palau
6832:Tunisian campaign
6657:Fall of Singapore
6581:Fall of Hong Kong
6324:Battle of Britain
6177:Operation Himmler
6086:
6085:
5750:Dutch East Indies
5393:Southern Rhodesia
5145:
5144:
5045:Genocide of Serbs
4948:German war crimes
4925:Soviet war crimes
4918:Allied war crimes
4764:Division of Korea
4743:Chinese Civil War
4541:Strategic bombing
4453:Manhattan Project
4227:
4226:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4091:Traditional games
3926:Income inequality
3909:Human trafficking
3810:
3809:
3773:Telephone numbers
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3547:Political parties
3520:Foreign relations
3487:
3486:
3360:
3359:
3345:Marcos presidency
3336:Postcolonial era
3216:
3215:
3026:Empire of Vietnam
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2778:
2634:
2529:
2528:
2417:collaborationists
2393:Wehrmacht foreign
2388:Waffen-SS foreign
2304:
2238:collaborationists
2156:978-1-57607-770-2
1925:. Rex Bookstore.
1872:Manila, My Manila
1767:on March 15, 2015
1741:on August 7, 2020
1688:on March 15, 2015
1487:Firipin-kyōwakoku
1316:cost around 1000
1292:replacement notes
1074:
1073:
925:Benigno S. Aquino
824:Benigno S. Aquino
797:National Assembly
737:The pro-Japanese
674:had declared the
649:backed government
647:, was a Japanese-
639:, officially the
633:
632:
619:
618:
615:
614:
595:
594:
436:National Assembly
417:• 1943–1944
387:• 1944–1945
375:• 1943–1944
361:Military Governor
345:• 1943–1945
188:
84:Firipin-kyōwakoku
7598:
7556:Former republics
7511:
7504:
7497:
7494:World portal
7492:
7491:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7446:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7370:
7363:
7356:
7354:Prague offensive
7349:
7347:Battle of Berlin
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7314:
7307:
7300:
7293:
7291:Vienna offensive
7286:
7279:
7272:
7270:Battle of Manila
7265:
7245:
7236:
7227:
7220:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7160:
7151:
7144:
7135:
7128:
7121:
7114:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7054:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7020:
7013:
7011:Korsun–Cherkassy
7006:
6995:
6973:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6883:
6876:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6853:Bombing of Gorky
6848:
6841:
6834:
6814:
6807:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6743:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6720:Battle of Midway
6715:
6708:
6706:Battle of Gazala
6701:
6694:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6616:Battle of Borneo
6611:
6609:Malayan campaign
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6553:Bombing of Gorky
6548:
6546:Battle of Moscow
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6469:
6462:
6455:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6398:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6310:Battle of France
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6163:Munich Agreement
6158:
6151:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6119:
6112:
6097:
6096:
6079:
6072:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6048:Soviet prisoners
6042:
6035:
6028:
6019:
6012:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5988:German prisoners
5984:
5964:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5548:
5541:
5533:
5526:
5524:French Indochina
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5468:
5448:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5371:from August 1944
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5254:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5156:
5155:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5097:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5063:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5015:Nanjing Massacre
5010:
5003:
4994:
4992:Nuremberg trials
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4833:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4725:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4596:Asia and Pacific
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4527:
4525:Mulberry harbour
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4367:
4360:
4345:
4344:
4333:
4326:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4217:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4205:
3987:
3986:
3941:Overseas workers
3863:Higher education
3821:
3820:
3691:
3690:
3629:Court of Appeals
3585:Executive office
3553:
3552:
3498:
3497:
3371:
3370:
3312:Pre-colonial era
3264:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3014:French Indochina
3012:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2776:
2632:
2348:Royal Iraqi Army
2302:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2118:JOSE P. LAUREL.
2115:
2109:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2079:. Archived from
2073:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
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2025:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2010:
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2003:
1995:
1989:
1972:
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1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
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1910:
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1561:. Bookmark, Inc.
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1203:(in present-day
1177:Tokyo Conference
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1155:
866:
832:Emilio Aguinaldo
727:
713:
676:national capital
672:Manuel L. Quezon
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586:
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579:
578:
563:
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464:October 14, 1943
380:Shigenori Kuroda
230:
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7096:Eastern Romania
7094:
7089:Warsaw Uprising
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7082:Tannenberg Line
7080:
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7068:Western Ukraine
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6895:
6886:
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6860:Battle of Kursk
6858:
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6444:Battle of Crete
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1963:Wayback Machine
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1362:José Laurel III
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1205:Solomon Islands
1185:Empire of Japan
1163:
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1124:Wan Waithayakon
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963:Quintin Paredes
899:
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840:Philippine flag
836:Artemio Ricarte
751:Artemio Ricarte
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687:Jorge B. Vargas
661:
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6518:Battle of Kiev
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5421:British Empire
5414:United Kingdom
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5127:Rape of Manila
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4898:United Nations
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4757:Decolonization
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4430:United Kingdom
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3875:Climate change
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3792:Transportation
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3758:Stock exchange
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3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
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3587:
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3577:
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3575:
3561:
3559:
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3522:
3517:
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3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:National parks
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3420:Extreme points
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3398:Climate change
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3350:Fifth Republic
3347:
3342:
3340:Third Republic
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3320:Spanish period
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252: articles
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3148:Occupied Nauru
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3004:
2991:
2979:
2977:State of Burma
2967:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2842:
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2829:
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2806:
2797:
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2677:
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2655:
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2645:
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2622:
2617:
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2610:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:German Albania
2540:
2538:
2536:Axis countries
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2521:Vanguard Youth
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
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2420:
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2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2390:
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2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
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2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Armistice Army
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:Balli Kombëtar
2250:
2241:
2239:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2209:Imperial Japan
2201:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2155:
2132:
2110:
2094:
2068:
2053:
2040:
2014:
2005:
1990:
1967:
1945:
1931:
1911:
1897:
1877:
1862:
1841:
1834:
1812:
1798:
1778:
1752:
1726:
1699:
1673:
1653:
1627:
1596:
1577:
1564:
1546:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1389:
1386:
1349:
1346:
1325:
1322:
1276:Main article:
1273:
1272:Japanese money
1270:
1244:
1243:Food shortages
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1219:Main article:
1216:
1213:
1169:heads of state
1132:José P. Laurel
1104:State of Burma
1081:Main article:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:Claro M. Recto
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
993:
987:
986:
983:
976:
970:
969:
966:
959:
953:
952:
949:
942:
936:
935:
932:
931:
928:
921:
915:
914:
911:
908:José P. Laurel
904:
891:
890:
887:
886:
881:
876:
870:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
786:José P. Laurel
746:
743:
698:Masaharu Homma
660:
657:
631:
630:
625:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
605:
596:
593:
592:
587:
575:
574:
569:
559:
558:
555:
549:
548:
546:
545:
532:
518:
516:
512:
511:
498:
494:
493:
487:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
469:
466:
465:
462:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
442:Historical era
439:
438:
433:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
386:
383:
382:
377:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
353:
352:
350:Jose P. Laurel
347:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
305:
301:
300:
298:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
271:
269:
265:
264:
253:
249:
248:
239:
235:
234:
231:
223:
222:
215:
206:
205:
175:
174:
151:
150:
147:
131:
130:
123:
116:
115:
109:
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
80:
63:
46:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7603:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7510:
7506:
7503:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7466:
7462:
7459:
7455:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7441:
7436:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7428:Kuril Islands
7425:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7399:
7395:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7374:
7369:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7337:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7278:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7244:
7240:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7222:
7219:
7215:
7210:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:Syrmian Front
7192:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:Market Garden
7137:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7079:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7022:
7019:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7001:
7000:Monte Cassino
6997:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6912:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6868:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6366:Baltic states
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6010:United States
6007:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:Quốc dân Đảng
5943:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5646:Liechtenstein
5643:
5640:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:United States
5427:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5120:Comfort women
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5104: /
5103:
5099:
5096:
5093: /
5092:
5089: /
5088:
5084:
5081:
5080:Camp brothels
5077:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:The Holocaust
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:forced labour
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:Marshall Plan
4805:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4661:Eastern Front
4658:
4655:
4654:Western Front
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4548:Puppet states
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:Naval history
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4437:United States
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4220:
4212:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:Sign language
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
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3900:
3897:
3893:
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3887:Ethnic groups
3885:
3881:
3880:Deforestation
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3864:
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3754:
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3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:National debt
3736:
3734:
3733:Fiscal policy
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
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3711:
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3627:
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3624:Supreme Court
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3610:
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3462:
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3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:Island groups
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
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3384:
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3351:
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3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:Colonial era
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
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3277:
3275:
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3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3136:Occupied Guam
3127:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3103:
3100:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3041:
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3029:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2992:
2990:
2980:
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2656:
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2639:
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2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
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2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:Baltic states
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2532:
2522:
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2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Golden Square
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
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2401:
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2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Golden Square
2306:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Blue Division
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:Cham Albanian
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2009:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1934:
1932:9789712339349
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1900:
1898:9780226354866
1894:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1866:
1851:
1845:
1837:
1835:0-415-38140-1
1831:
1828:. Routledge.
1827:
1819:
1817:
1801:
1799:0-19-511060-9
1795:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:Asian Studies
1710:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1584:
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1568:
1560:
1553:
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1542:
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1534:
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1522:
1515:
1505:
1501:
1488:
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1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1366:Osaka Airport
1363:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1259:In addition,
1257:
1255:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1209:Allied Forces
1206:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1160:Dai Tōa Kaigi
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:Zhang Jinghui
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:Teofilo Sison
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
980:Rafael Alunan
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
965:
964:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
910:
909:
905:
902:
898:
897:
893:
892:
888:
885:
880:
875:
871:
867:
854:
850:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
817:
812:
804:
800:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
742:
740:
736:
731:
726:
721:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
694:
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688:
684:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
629:
626:
624:Today part of
622:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
591:
588:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
565:
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560:
556:
554:
550:
533:
520:
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476:
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454:
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447:
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430:
426:
423:
420:
414:
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406:
404:
400:
396:
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390:
384:
381:
378:
372:
368:
364:
362:
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348:
342:
338:
334:
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328:
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318:
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302:
296:
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257:
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250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
229:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
198:
197:
166:
164:
163:
162:Diwà ng Bayan
156:
152:
144:
143:
136:
132:
126:
120:
112:
106:
98:
93:
85:
81:
76:
64:
59:
52:
47:
42:
35:
30:
29:
22:
19:
7502:Bibliography
7485:
7298:Project Hula
7263:Vistula–Oder
7232:
7165:
7156:
7140:
7110:
7059:
7043:
7034:
7025:
6991:
6888:
6803:
6779:
6749:
6500:
6393:
6338:North Africa
6040:Soviet Union
5994:Soviet Union
5920:Soviet Union
5688:Vatican City
5598:Vichy France
5568:
5503:German Reich
5400:Soviet Union
5386:South Africa
5379:Sierra Leone
5332:Newfoundland
5151:Participants
5134:Marocchinate
4838:
4829:
4799:
4677:North Africa
4638:Indian Ocean
4497:Nazi plunder
4388:Cryptography
4261:World War II
4195:Bibliography
4124:Coat of arms
4096:Value system
3999:Architecture
3951:Prostitution
3848:Demographics
3718:Central bank
3661:Marine Corps
3641:Armed Forces
3525:Human rights
3510:Constitution
3459:Ramsar sites
3001:
2838:World War II
2745:Soviet Union
2719:
2633:(until 1944)
2398:Afrika Korps
2303:(until 1944)
2160:. Retrieved
2145:
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:the original
2071:
2062:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2017:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1970:
1954:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1921:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1887:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1844:
1825:
1803:. Retrieved
1788:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1729:
1721:Academia.edu
1716:
1712:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:the original
1676:
1662:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:the original
1590:
1572:
1567:
1558:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1504:
1486:
1458:
1416:Japan portal
1371:
1342:
1335:
1318:Mickey Mouse
1317:
1310:Mickey Mouse
1309:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1266:World War II
1258:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1224:
1197:
1189:Pan-Asianism
1176:
1145:
1116:Wang Jingwei
1063:
1046:
1029:
1014:Camilo Osías
1012:
995:
978:
961:
946:Pedro Sabido
944:
923:
906:
894:
883:
878:
873:
851:
848:
834:and General
821:
815:
790:
775:
770:
767:Pan-Asianism
748:
745:Independence
695:
662:
644:
640:
636:
634:
572:Succeeded by
571:
566:
446:World War II
321:totalitarian
314:presidential
242:Puppet state
209:
194:
158:
154:
135:Motto:
134:
125:Coat of arms
83:
18:
7541:Axis powers
7233:Bodenplatte
7119:Gothic Line
6345:West Africa
5892:Philippines
5871:Netherlands
5736:Czech lands
5674:Switzerland
5618:Afghanistan
5569:Philippines
5437:Puerto Rico
5353:Philippines
5339:New Zealand
5325:Netherlands
5278:Free France
5029:Prosecution
4830:Osoaviakhim
4700:West Africa
4684:East Africa
4331:Conferences
3921:Immigration
3723:Child labor
3698:Agriculture
3668:Coast Guard
3602:Legislative
3537:Legal codes
3410:Earthquakes
3274:Archaeology
3250:Philippines
3208:Pacific War
2750:Byelorussia
2720:Philippines
2710:Netherlands
2403:Ostlegionen
2222:Axis forces
2162:January 27,
2125:January 25,
2087:January 17,
2033:January 17,
1987:Philippines
1983:Quezon City
1938:January 17,
1904:January 17,
1855:January 17,
1646:October 21,
1620:October 21,
1374:martial law
1201:Guadalcanal
1193:colonialism
1096:Hideki Tōjō
838:raised the
763:Hideki Tōjō
739:Ganap Party
628:Philippines
567:Preceded by
515:Date format
459:Established
432:Legislature
258:(1942–1945)
211:Great Seal:
7525:Categories
7333:West Hunan
7166:Pointblank
6502:Silver Fox
6488:Summer War
6241:Winter War
6220:Phoney War
6001:Azerbaijan
5962:Yugoslavia
5857:Luxembourg
5699:Resistance
5446:Yugoslavia
5311:Luxembourg
5113:Sook Ching
4909:War crimes
4511:Technology
4504:Opposition
4446:Lend-Lease
4423:Australian
4416:Home front
4374:Blitzkrieg
4324:Casualties
4315:Commanders
4287:Operations
4144:Great Seal
4081:Psychology
4044:Literature
4039:Inventions
3838:Corruption
3833:Censorship
3703:Automotive
3564:Executive
3557:Government
3415:Ecoregions
3307:Prehistory
3299:Chronology
2700:Luxembourg
1527:(1): 128.
1496:References
1181:propaganda
1070:1943–1945
1053:1943–1945
1036:1943–1945
1019:1943–1945
1002:1943–1944
985:1943–1945
968:1943–1945
951:1943–1944
930:1943–1945
913:1943–1945
663:After the
659:Background
304:Government
200:(English:
168:(English:
7398:Manchuria
7284:Indochina
7060:Bagration
6511:Lithuania
6156:Anschluss
5953:Viet Minh
5850:Lithuania
5792:Hong Kong
5562:Manchukuo
5517:Azad Hind
5176:Australia
4976:Aftermath
4839:Paperclip
4734:Aftermath
4534:Total war
4402:Diplomacy
4365:In Europe
4074:Festivals
4059:Mythology
3971:Squatting
3966:Sexuality
3936:Languages
3858:Education
3802:ZIP codes
3646:Air Force
3595:President
3515:Elections
3469:Volcanoes
3442:Mountains
3366:Geography
3289:Political
3267:Overviews
2857:Manchukuo
2777:(limited)
2680:Indonesia
2658:Indochina
2608:Manchukuo
2576:Lithuania
2534:Lists by
2439:Gakutotai
2220:Lists by
1805:April 13,
1771:August 1,
1324:Education
1122:), Tōjō,
1112:Manchukuo
896:President
793:provinces
683:open city
669:President
553:Drives on
497:Time zone
331:President
311:one-party
95:1943–1945
7509:Category
7458:document
7368:document
7225:Ardennes
7209:Budapest
7157:Crossbow
7035:Overlord
6874:Smolensk
6092:Timeline
5927:Slovakia
5913:Thailand
5764:Ethiopia
5729:Bulgaria
5653:Portugal
5591:Thailand
5473:Bulgaria
5251:Eswatini
5244:Ethiopia
5197:Bulgaria
5022:Unit 731
4983:Response
4800:Keelhaul
4750:Cold War
4723:Americas
4714:timeline
4707:Atlantic
4587:Theaters
4219:Category
4149:Language
3961:Religion
3956:Refugees
3899:Genetics
3828:Abortion
3763:Taxation
3619:Judicial
3493:Politics
3474:Wildlife
3403:Typhoons
3284:Military
2782:Thailand
2762:Chechnya
2740:Slovakia
2663:Cambodia
2613:Mongolia
2588:Bulgaria
2481:Makapili
2429:Chinilpa
2415:Japanese
2290:Chetniks
1959:Archived
1745:June 24,
1692:June 24,
1610:"Jose P"
1541:20067478
1483:フィリピン共和国
1479:Japanese
1439:Makapili
1388:See also
1261:carabaos
1250:kangkong
1128:Thailand
857:Politics
816:de facto
755:Yokohama
720:KALIBAPI
696:General
486:Currency
319:under a
317:republic
290:Japanese
75:Japanese
68:フィリピン共和国
7435:Shumshu
7202:Hungary
7149:Estonia
7133:Lapland
7111:Dragoon
7044:Neptune
7026:Ichi-Go
6992:Tempest
6934:Changde
6889:Cottage
6781:Jubilee
6497:Finland
6395:Compass
6101:Prelude
6054:Finland
5940:Vietnam
5906:Romania
5778:Germany
5757:Estonia
5743:Denmark
5722:Belgium
5715:Austria
5708:Albania
5639:Ireland
5625:Andorra
5609:Neutral
5576:Romania
5510:Hungary
5495:Finland
5367:Romania
5259:Finland
5237:Denmark
5183:Belgium
5169:Algeria
4875:Romania
4861:Hungary
4617:Pacific
4341:General
4295:Leaders
4280:Battles
4273:Outline
4190:Outline
4106:Symbols
4014:Cuisine
3991:Culture
3946:Poverty
3931:Kinship
3853:Divorce
3816:Society
3780:Tourism
3686:Economy
3568:Cabinet
3430:islands
3393:Climate
3388:Borders
3279:Economy
3259:History
2836:during
2767:Ukraine
2755:Belarus
2730:Romania
2673:Vietnam
2648:Hungary
2630:Finland
2625:Denmark
2620:Croatia
2583:Belgium
2566:Estonia
2544:Albania
2236:Italian
1471:Spanish
1463:Tagalog
1368:in 1945
1338:Tagalog
1215:Society
862:Cabinet
730:Tagalog
470:•
457:•
308:Unitary
285:English
280:Spanish
275:Tagalog
252:Capital
244:of the
155:Anthem:
58:Spanish
41:Tagalog
7412:Debate
7384:Taipei
7377:Borneo
6955:Tarawa
6149:Europe
6110:Africa
5899:Poland
5885:Norway
5864:Malaya
5843:Latvia
5785:Greece
5771:France
5667:Sweden
5632:Bhutan
5360:Poland
5346:Norway
5318:Mexico
5285:Greece
5271:France
5209:Canada
5190:Brazil
5160:Allies
5106:Serbia
5095:Poland
4868:Poland
4854:Baltic
4647:Europe
4349:Topics
4301:Allied
4134:Flower
4114:Anthem
4086:Sports
4009:Cinema
3904:Health
3728:Energy
3713:Census
3607:Senate
3464:Rivers
2999:
2787:Taiwan
2735:Serbia
2725:Poland
2715:Norway
2705:Malaya
2643:Greece
2638:France
2598:Ceylon
2571:Latvia
2231:German
2153:
1929:
1895:
1832:
1796:
1539:
1360:, and
1358:Aquino
1314:camote
1300:bayong
1100:Ba Maw
874:OFFICE
679:Manila
504:+08:00
407:
365:
335:
263:(1945)
261:Baguio
256:Manila
238:Status
157:
71:
54:
37:
7188:Leyte
7018:Narva
7004:Anzio
6962:Makin
6920:Burma
6804:Torch
6773:Rzhev
6734:Kiska
5820:Korea
5806:Japan
5799:Italy
5681:Tibet
5660:Spain
5538:Italy
5299:Italy
5292:India
5216:China
5091:Japan
4691:Italy
4603:China
4555:Women
4154:Motto
4054:Music
4049:Media
4024:Dance
3981:Pinoy
3976:Women
3843:Crime
3743:Labor
3573:lists
3437:Lakes
2774:Spain
2695:Korea
2690:Italy
2653:India
2603:China
2593:Burma
2454:Heiho
1537:JSTOR
1450:Notes
1254:horai
1154:大東亜会議
714:), a
7254:1945
6982:1944
6823:1943
6751:Blue
6741:Attu
6648:1942
6407:1941
6259:1940
6197:1939
6126:Asia
5973:POWs
5813:Jews
5531:Iraq
5457:Axis
5407:Tuva
5223:Cuba
4308:Axis
4169:Tree
4129:Flag
4119:Bird
4064:Name
4004:Arts
3748:Peso
3656:Navy
3651:Army
3530:LGBT
3378:Bays
2685:Iraq
2668:Laos
2496:PETA
2313:Hiwi
2207:and
2164:2011
2151:ISBN
2127:2011
2089:2013
2035:2013
1940:2013
1927:ISBN
1906:2013
1893:ISBN
1857:2013
1830:ISBN
1807:2008
1794:ISBN
1773:2021
1747:2020
1694:2020
1648:2007
1622:2007
1305:buri
1146:The
884:TERM
879:NAME
681:an "
635:The
557:left
543:yyyy
530:yyyy
111:Flag
4139:Gem
2233:and
1668:NHK
1529:doi
1130:),
1114:),
1106:),
773:).
508:PST
502:UTC
492:(₱)
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7002:/
2135:^
1985:,
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1666:.
1599:^
1580:^
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1469:;
1465::
1384:.
1195:.
1157:,
722:—
693:.
667:,
539:mm
535:dd
526:dd
522:mm
6505:)
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