141:
413:
878:
401:
116:
381:
895:
1081:
is scaled and also has no spines. The mouth is slightly oblique and can be protruded a little. The upper jaw never extends back past a vertical line through the centre of the eye. There are teeth in the jaws which vary from conical or flattened but there are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. There
1192:
Sparids are highly regarded as food fish and are important target species for commercial fisheries wherever they occur. Between 1990 and 1995, the FAO Yearbook of
Fishery Statistics reported that the annual weight of landings was between 2,170 and 4,020 t (2,140 and 3,960 long tons; 2,390 and
1115:, The lateral line is single and continuous and reached the base of the caudal fin. They are very variable in colour and may be pinkish or reddish to yellowish or greyish, frequently with tints of silver or gold and dark or coloured spots, stripes or bars. The two largest species of Sparid are the
1171:
Sparidae breams are predatory with most feeding on benthic invertebrates. Smaller species in the family usually gather in schools, as do the juveniles of the larger species. The larger adult fishes are normally solitary or, at least, are less sociable and prefer deeper waters. The juveniles and
1570:
327:
within the
Sparidae. These were Boopsinae, Denticinae, Diplodinae, Pagellinae, Pagrinae, and Sparinae. However, these taxa did not resolve as monophyletic in all the analyses undertaken. These analyses support Sparidae as a monophyletic family if
1086:
which is supported by between 10 and 13 spines and 9 and 17 soft rays, with the ultimate ray being split into 2, and no incision separated the spines from the soft rays. The rearmost spines in the dorsal fin may be elongated or filamentous. The
1072:
Sparidae breams have oblong, moderately deep and compressed bodies. The head is large, with a characteristic steep dorsal slant. There are no scales on the snout but there are scales on the cheeks. The
1536:
1665:
FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the
Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae)
447:
1537:"The Bolca Fossil-Lagerstätte: A window into the Eocene World. 5. The Pesciara- Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Excursion guide"
1135:
2082:
405:
308:, with some authorities using the term "Sparoid lineage" for the families Centracanthidae, Nemipteridae, Lethrinidae and Sparidae. Since then the use of
1010:
974:
451:
1923:
1962:
963:
516:
1021:
999:
938:
1176:
and some have both male and female sex organs at the same time. Others change sex as the grow, either changing from male to female, i.e.
913:
2087:
1103:
are under or immediately to the rear of the bases of the pectoral fins, supported a single spine and 5 soft rays, with an scale in the
316:
containing six families, with
Callanthidae, Sillaginidae and Lobotidae included. Other workers have found that the Centracanthidae is
1897:
1936:
1731:
1317:
1941:
616:
1172:
subadults are often markedly different in shape and colour patterns, and may be much more colourful. Many sparids are
1757:
2034:
1967:
2077:
1949:
301:
207:
320:
with
Sparidae and that the Spariformes contains only the remaining three families of the "Sparoid lineage".
1718:
1845:
1832:
1746:
312:
in more modern classifications has meant that the
Spariformes is recognised as a valid order within the
1850:
1571:"Evolutionary relationships of the Sparidae (Teleostei: Percoidei): integrating fossil and Recent data"
2016:
2039:
1977:
929:
140:
1689:
787:
741:
17:
1244:
1609:
800:
309:
2003:
1511:
1772:
728:
1147:
Sparidae breams are found in tropical and temperate coastal waters around the world. They are
1998:
1928:
642:
477:
2026:
1990:
2067:
1871:
1819:
1390:
1301:
569:
1635:
8:
1714:
1535:
Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; MarramĂ , G.; Tyler, James C.; Zorzin., R. (2014).
943:
2072:
1810:
1419:
1392:
1156:
612:
345:
317:
228:
135:
1364:(2002). "A phylogeny of sparoid fishes (Perciformes, Percoidei) based on morphology".
2062:
1985:
1858:
1753:
1727:
1590:
1493:
1424:
1357:
1331:
1323:
1313:
1266:
1242:
1152:
990:
774:
629:
1863:
1726:. Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315.
1582:
1551:
1485:
1414:
1404:
1373:
1361:
1305:
1293:
1256:
1125:
1078:
281:. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are
255:
1824:
1339:
1202:
1116:
846:
365:
263:
259:
123:
1954:
1837:
1476:
Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype".
1133:
of 200 cm (79 in), while the smallest species is the cherry seabream (
334:, a genus formerly in the family Centracanthidae, was included. This meant that
1218:
1160:
1107:, referred to as the axillary pelvic process. The scales are typically smooth,
705:
624:
524:
503:
490:
434:
417:
182:
1586:
1575:
Earth and
Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1489:
1409:
1261:
1077:
may or may not have scales and has no spines or serrations on its margin. The
2056:
1795:
1710:
1685:
1662:
K.E. Carpenter (2001). "Sparidae". In
Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.).
1594:
1335:
1206:
1173:
1148:
1048:
841:
823:
723:
712:
554:
534:
464:
429:
340:
282:
73:
1663:
1343:
1497:
1428:
1270:
1130:
1096:
1074:
864:
781:
769:
736:
670:
650:
442:
385:
304:. Traditionally the taxa within the Spariformes were classified within the
41:
1377:
1309:
877:
412:
1910:
1804:
1391:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
1181:
1177:
985:
952:
899:
795:
759:
700:
459:
324:
313:
305:
278:
266:
192:
48:
1555:
1243:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1100:
1092:
1083:
1043:
854:
749:
577:
544:
511:
485:
357:
344:
were both now classified within
Sparidae, so that Centracanthidae is a
298:
93:
58:
1292:
1915:
1884:
1057:
1032:
882:
564:
400:
152:
98:
1902:
1766:
1709:
Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In
1443:"Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE"
1091:
is supported by 3 robust spines and between 7 and 15 soft rays. The
115:
1889:
1789:
1694:
1442:
1088:
924:
869:
808:
680:
597:
472:
294:
172:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1327:
1356:
1112:
1108:
831:
637:
607:
330:
103:
78:
1708:
380:
1104:
887:
818:
690:
660:
587:
162:
894:
293:
Sparidae was first proposed as a family in 1818 by the French
2011:
1876:
1534:
1193:
4,430 short tons) of sparids in the Western Central Pacific.
498:
424:
The family Sparidae contains about 155 species in 38 genera:
394:
1610:"Soortenlijst van fossiele vissen uit het Eoceen van België"
364:, that name coming from the Greek for its only species the
277:, although they were traditionally classified in the order
1095:
varies from moderately deeply emarginate to forked. The
1713:; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and
1636:"Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California"
1201:
The most celebrated of the breams in cookery are the
903:, a fossil seabream from the middle Eocene of Belgium
2054:
1544:Rendiconti della SocietĂ Paleontologica Italiana
1447:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
1661:
1467:
1163:, and a few of these will enter fresh water.
1393:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
2083:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1680:
1678:
1142:
1720:Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean
1129:), both of which have a maximum published
114:
1461:
1418:
1408:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1260:
1111:, or slightly rough to the touch, weakly
1702:
1675:
893:
876:
411:
399:
379:
1684:
1607:
1296:; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016).
1238:
1236:
1234:
1099:are typically long and pointed and the
14:
2055:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1449:. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022
1435:
1384:
1350:
1277:
1771:
1770:
1633:
1245:"Family-group names of recent fishes"
2017:FD1087D9-FFAA-4A59-FF67-A1474C76FEA7
1978:8e225615-90c5-4fad-bae4-08aa86290e98
1231:
1650:
1568:
886:, a fossil seabream from the early
323:In the past workers recognised six
24:
1472:, a new genus for the sparid fish
1468:Tanaka, F.; Iwatsuki, Y. (2015). "
1067:
25:
2099:
2088:Extant Ypresian first appearances
1528:
356:Sparidae takes its name from its
139:
46:
1740:
1627:
1601:
393:, is an important food fish in
1562:
1504:
13:
1:
1640:Contributions to Paleontology
1300:(5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
1224:
1159:. A few species are found in
302:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1187:
1026:Bannikov & Kotylar, 2015
351:
7:
1212:
288:
10:
2104:
1196:
1180:. or from female to male,
1166:
1037:Jordan & Gilbert, 1920
1004:Jordan & Gilbert, 1920
1779:
1671:. FAO Rome. p. 2990.
1587:10.1017/S0263593300000468
1490:10.11646/zootaxa.4007.2.3
1410:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
1262:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
1123:) and the red steenbras (
1121:Lithognathus lithognathus
375:
234:
227:
220:
215:
136:Scientific classification
134:
122:
113:
34:
1688:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1634:David, Lorre R. (1946).
1397:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1143:Distribution and habitat
1698:. October 2023 version.
1366:Ichthyological Research
907:Fossil genera include:
310:molecular phylogenetics
1608:Dobbels, Leon (1994).
1569:Day, Julia J. (2002).
1136:Polysteganus cerasinus
904:
891:
421:
409:
397:
1999:Paleobiology Database
1750:Mediterranean Seafood
1474:Cheimerius matsubarai
1378:10.1007/s102280200015
1310:10.1002/9781119174844
1302:John Wiley & Sons
897:
880:
813:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
764:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
754:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
718:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
582:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
549:J. L. B. Smith, 1938
415:
403:
383:
2078:Marine fish families
1304:. pp. 502–506.
1298:Fishes of the World
685:Valenciennes, 1830
1711:Phillip C Heemstra
905:
892:
422:
410:
406:Dentex fourmanoiri
398:
2050:
2049:
1986:Open Tree of Life
1773:Taxon identifiers
1752:, Penguin, 1972.
1733:978-1-990951-32-9
1690:"Family Sparidae"
1358:Kent E. Carpenter
1319:978-1-118-34233-6
1153:continental shelf
1063:
1052:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
980:
969:
958:
947:
933:
919:
873:
860:
850:
837:
836:Rafinesque, 1810
827:
814:
804:
791:
778:
765:
755:
745:
732:
719:
709:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
646:
633:
620:
603:
602:Rafinesque, 1810
593:
583:
573:
560:
550:
540:
539:Rafinesque, 1810
530:
520:
507:
494:
481:
468:
455:
438:
262:belonging to the
260:ray-finned fishes
249:
248:
240:
211:
16:(Redirected from
2095:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1957:
1955:NBNSYS0000161019
1945:
1944:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1725:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1617:Afzettingen WTKG
1614:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1362:G. David Johnson
1354:
1348:
1347:
1290:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1240:
1126:Petrus rupestris
1061:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1014:
1003:
989:
978:
967:
956:
942:
928:
917:
868:
858:
845:
835:
822:
812:
799:
786:
773:
763:
753:
740:
727:
717:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
641:
628:
611:
601:
591:
581:
568:
558:
548:
538:
528:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
446:
433:
238:
237:Centracanthidae
206:
144:
143:
118:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
27:Family of fishes
21:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1723:
1707:
1703:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1651:
1632:
1628:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1567:
1563:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1389:
1385:
1355:
1351:
1320:
1291:
1278:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1215:
1203:gilt-head bream
1199:
1190:
1169:
1149:demersal fishes
1145:
1117:white steenbras
1070:
1068:Characteristics
1011:Pseudosparnodus
655:Swainson, 1839
559:Swainson, 1839
529:Swainson, 1839
378:
366:gilt-head bream
354:
291:
205:
138:
124:Gilt-head bream
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2031:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1972:
1959:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1801:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1739:
1732:
1715:John E Randall
1701:
1686:Froese, Rainer
1674:
1649:
1626:
1600:
1581:(4): 333–353.
1561:
1550:(1): i–xxvii.
1527:
1516:paleobiodb.org
1503:
1484:(2): 195–206.
1460:
1434:
1383:
1372:(2): 114–127.
1349:
1318:
1276:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1219:Porgie fishing
1214:
1211:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1174:hermaphroditic
1168:
1165:
1161:brackish water
1144:
1141:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1053:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
981:
975:Kreyenhagenius
970:
959:
948:
934:
920:
875:
874:
861:
851:
838:
828:
815:
805:
792:
779:
766:
756:
746:
733:
720:
710:
697:
687:
677:
675:GĂĽnther, 1859
667:
657:
647:
634:
625:Gymnocrotaphus
621:
617:W. F. Thompson
604:
594:
584:
574:
561:
551:
541:
531:
521:
508:
495:
491:J. L. B. Smith
482:
469:
456:
439:
418:Pagrus auratus
377:
374:
353:
350:
346:junior synonym
290:
287:
247:
246:
245:
244:
241:
232:
231:
225:
224:
218:
217:
213:
212:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
183:Actinopterygii
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
128:Sparus auratus
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2100:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1760:, pp. 86–108.
1759:
1758:0-14-046174-4
1755:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1207:common dentex
1204:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:pectoral fins
1094:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1062:Agassiz, 1838
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
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1007:
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982:
977:
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949:
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935:
931:
927:
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921:
916:
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884:
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871:
867:
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848:
844:
843:
842:Spondyliosoma
839:
834:
833:
829:
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821:
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811:
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761:
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751:
747:
743:
739:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:
724:Polyamblyodon
721:
716:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
698:
695:Cuvier, 1816
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
673:
672:
668:
665:Cuvier, 1829
663:
662:
658:
653:
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648:
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640:
639:
635:
631:
627:
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622:
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614:
610:
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595:
592:Cuvier, 1814
590:
589:
585:
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579:
575:
571:
567:
566:
562:
557:
556:
555:Chrysoblephus
552:
547:
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542:
537:
536:
535:Centracanthus
532:
527:
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432:
431:
430:Acanthopagrus
427:
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420:
419:
414:
408:
407:
402:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
373:
371:
370:Sparus aurata
367:
363:
359:
349:
348:of Sparidae.
347:
343:
342:
341:Centracanthus
337:
333:
332:
326:
321:
319:
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311:
307:
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300:
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105:
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95:
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75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
43:
33:
30:
19:
1780:
1749:
1747:Davidson, A.
1742:
1719:
1704:
1693:
1664:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1603:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1547:
1543:
1530:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1512:"PBDB Taxon"
1506:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:Amamiichthys
1469:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1369:
1365:
1352:
1297:
1294:Nelson, J.S.
1255:(2): 1–230.
1252:
1248:
1200:
1191:
1170:
1146:
1134:
1131:total length
1124:
1120:
1075:preoperculum
1071:
1056:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
984:
973:
962:
957:Storms, 1896
951:
937:
923:
912:
906:
898:
881:
865:Virididentex
863:
853:
840:
830:
817:
807:
794:
782:
770:Rhabdosargus
768:
758:
748:
737:Polysteganus
735:
722:
713:
699:
689:
679:
671:Pachymetopon
669:
659:
651:Lithognathus
649:
636:
623:
613:D. S. Jordan
606:
596:
586:
576:
570:Valenciennes
563:
553:
543:
533:
523:
510:
497:
484:
471:
458:
443:Amamiichthys
441:
428:
423:
416:
404:
390:
386:Pagrus major
384:
369:
361:
355:
339:
335:
329:
322:
292:
285:carnivores.
274:
270:
251:
250:
221:
202:
127:
42:Early Eocene
29:
2068:Spariformes
1911:iNaturalist
1805:Wikispecies
1556:10088/25678
1453:18 December
1182:protogynous
1178:protandrous
1101:pelvic fins
986:Paracalamus
979:David, 1946
964:Ellaserrata
953:Ctenodentex
930:van Beneden
900:Ctenodentex
859:Gill, 1865
796:Sparidentex
760:Pterogymnus
701:Parargyrops
460:Archosargus
325:subfamilies
314:Percomorpha
306:Perciformes
279:Perciformes
267:Spariformes
193:Spariformes
2057:Categories
1521:2024-04-03
1328:2015037522
1225:References
1093:caudal fin
1084:dorsal fin
1044:Sciaenurus
1022:Pshekharus
1000:Plectrites
939:Crommyodus
855:Stenotomus
750:Porcostoma
742:Klunzinger
578:Cymatoceps
545:Cheimerius
512:Boopsoidea
486:Argyrozona
358:type genus
318:synonymous
299:naturalist
243:Denticidae
239:Gill, 1893
208:Rafinesque
44:to present
2073:Game fish
1595:1473-7116
1344:25909650M
1336:951899884
1188:Fisheries
1079:operculum
1058:Sparnodus
1033:Rhythmias
1015:Day, 2003
991:Arambourg
968:Day, 2003
918:Day, 2003
914:Abromasta
883:Sparnodus
788:Bonaparte
706:S. Tanaka
565:Crenidens
517:Castelnau
448:F. Tanaka
352:Etymology
271:seabreams
222:see text
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
2063:Sparidae
1838:Sparidae
1825:Sparidae
1811:Sparidae
1790:Wikidata
1781:Sparidae
1717:(eds.).
1695:FishBase
1498:26623801
1429:28683774
1271:25543675
1213:See also
1205:and the
1089:anal fin
925:Burtinia
890:of Italy
824:Linnaeus
809:Sparodon
681:Pagellus
643:Holbrook
598:Diplodus
478:Swainson
473:Argyrops
454:, 2015
452:Iwatsuki
295:polymath
289:Taxonomy
283:demersal
252:Sparidae
229:Synonyms
203:Sparidae
199:Family:
173:Chordata
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
35:Sparidae
18:Seabream
1796:Q239590
1478:Zootaxa
1420:5501477
1403:(162).
1249:Zootaxa
1197:Cookery
1167:Biology
1151:on the
1113:ctenoid
1109:cycloid
1082:is one
1049:Agassiz
872:, 1971
849:, 1849
832:Spicara
826:, 1758
803:, 1948
790:, 1831
777:, 1933
744:, 1870
731:, 1935
708:, 1916
645:, 1855
638:Lagodon
632:, 1859
630:GĂĽnther
619:, 1912
608:Evynnis
572:, 1830
525:Calamus
519:, 1861
506:, 1814
493:, 1938
480:, 1839
467:, 1865
437:, 1855
336:Spicara
331:Spicara
275:porgies
216:Genera
189:Order:
179:Class:
2040:125564
2027:114382
2024:uBio:
2004:210659
1991:186486
1975:NZOR:
1942:169180
1929:114065
1890:1SPRUF
1756:
1730:
1593:
1496:
1427:
1417:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1316:
1269:
1105:axilla
1051:, 1845
993:, 1927
946:, 1875
932:, 1873
888:Eocene
847:Cantor
819:Sparus
775:Fowler
729:Norman
714:Petrus
691:Pagrus
661:Oblada
615:&
588:Dentex
504:Cuvier
450:&
435:Peters
376:Genera
362:Sparus
269:, the
256:family
210:, 1810
2035:WoRMS
2012:Plazi
1924:IRMNG
1916:49238
1864:626ZQ
1724:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1613:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1157:slope
801:Munro
783:Sarpa
499:Boops
395:Japan
391:madai
389:, or
264:order
254:is a
1968:8169
1963:NCBI
1937:ITIS
1903:5068
1898:GBIF
1885:EPPO
1877:5203
1851:1742
1846:BOLD
1754:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1623:(4).
1591:ISSN
1494:PMID
1482:4007
1455:2023
1425:PMID
1360:and
1332:OCLC
1324:LCCN
1314:ISBN
1267:PMID
1253:3882
1155:and
944:Cope
870:Poll
465:Gill
338:and
297:and
273:and
49:Preęž’
1950:NBN
1872:EoL
1859:CoL
1833:AFD
1820:ADW
1583:doi
1552:hdl
1486:doi
1415:PMC
1405:doi
1374:doi
1306:doi
1257:doi
1139:).
372:).
258:of
2059::
2037::
2014::
2001::
1988::
1965::
1952::
1939::
1926::
1913::
1900::
1887::
1874::
1861::
1848::
1835::
1822::
1807::
1792::
1692:.
1677:^
1652:^
1644:IV
1642:.
1638:.
1621:15
1619:.
1615:.
1589:.
1579:93
1577:.
1573:.
1546:.
1542:.
1514:.
1492:.
1480:.
1445:.
1423:.
1413:.
1401:17
1399:.
1395:.
1370:49
1368:.
1340:OL
1338:.
1330:.
1322:.
1312:.
1279:^
1265:.
1251:.
1247:.
1233:^
1209:.
1184:.
360:,
130:)
99:Pg
1736:.
1646:.
1597:.
1585::
1558:.
1554::
1548:4
1524:.
1500:.
1488::
1457:.
1431:.
1407::
1380:.
1376::
1346:.
1308::
1273:.
1259::
1119:(
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89:J
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